Progress 10/01/19 to 09/30/20
Outputs
Target Audience: Wheat breeders/geneticists in the hard winter wheat region; public breeders include those at KSU, UNL, SDSU, MSU, CSU, U of T, OSU, and NDSU; private breeders include those at BASF,Limagrain, AgriPro, Bayer, and Westbred. Geneticists include Dr. Friebe, Dr. Gill, and Dr. Bai who are housed in Throckmorton Hall on the KSU campus. Dr. Anderson-Onofre and Dr. DeWolfuses these data to annually update two popular extension publications that are available to wheat producers as a "hard copy" or online. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?In 2020, due to COVID-19, only one undergraduate student worked on this project. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Each year, the KSU Cooperative Extension Service publishes two important publications that contain information relative to the reaction of commercial wheat varieties to disease. These are popular with producers and are titled Kansas Performance Tests with Winter Wheat Varieties (Lingenfelser et al., 2013) and Wheat Variety Disease and Insect Ratings (De Wolf et al., 2013). Both are also available over the internet. They contain ratings on a 1 (resistant)-to-9 (susceptible) scale for about 30 or 60 commercial cultivars, respectively, to 12 different diseases. Part of the mission of the Wheat Pathology Lab is to constantly evaluate commercial wheat varieties for reaction to diseases. As information is gathered, the above publications are updated and wheat producers can get the best available data. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Field disease evaluation nurseries for barley yellow dwarf, Wheat streak mosaic,Fusarium head blight, Common bunt, and tan spot will be established each year. These are some of the diseases currently occupying a main focus of the Kansas wheat breeding effort. If evaluations for other diseases are desired, they will also be established. Experimental designs for field experiments are usually randomized complete block with 4-5 replications. Each disease has its own unique requirements to obtain a good evaluation nursery and only a brief summary will be provided here. In general, procedures involve planting numerous breeding lines in appropriate- sized plots that are to be inoculated. In some experiments, adjacent plots are also planted and maintained disease free. At the appropriate time, nurseries are inoculated with the desired pathogen and a conducive environment (e.g. mist irrigation) provided to ensure the development of an epidemic. At the proper growth stage, the lines are visually evaluated for reaction to the disease, statistical analyses performed, and data given to the breeders and extension specialists. Statistical analyses usually include analysis of variance followed by entry mean separation using Fisher's Protected Least Significant Difference (P=0.05). For reporting to wheat producers, phenotypic values are transformed to a 1-to-9 scale where 1 is highly resistant and 9 is highly susceptible. Transformations are made using linear regression with equations obtained from certain "check" cultivars that are included in the experiments. Major cooperators who are directly associated with the project include Drs. Allan Fritz (wheat breeder), Guorong Zhang (wheat breeder), Guihua Bai (USDA geneticist, Manhattan), Bernd Friebe (wheat geneticist), Bikram Gill (wheat geneticist), and Erick De Wolf (wheat extension pathologist). In addition to field nurseries, numerous breeding lines and cultivars can be evaluated in greenhouse experiments during the fall, winter, and spring. Experimental designs are usually randomized complete block with 4-20 replications. Diseases of particular interest, and for which there are accurate greenhouse evaluation techniques, include Fusarium head blight, take-all, tan spot, Stagonospora leaf blotch, and Septoria leaf blotch. Each disease has its own unique requirements to obtain accurate disease phenotypes and only brief summaries are provided here. For Fusarium head blight, plants are grown to the heading stage, the tenth spikelet from the bottom of each head is inoculated with spores of the fungus, heads covered with a "zip-lock"plastic bag for 48 hours to maintain high humidity, and disease evaluated 14 days after inoculation. For take-all root rot, inoculum is sown with the seed and the fresh weights of plants measured after growth for four weeks. For the remaining three diseases, seedlings at the three-leaf stage are inoculated with spores of the fungus, plants placed in a mist chamber to provide suitable leaf wetness for infection, and the amount of disease evaluated after an appropriate incubation period. Statistical analyses of data are as described above. Data from greenhouse experiments will be shared with breeders and extension personnel (mentioned above).
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Reports are given to breeders/geneticists that contain the phenotypic data. Data are uploaded to online databases (e.g. T3). Data are published in various journals (especially Plant Disease Management Reports). Results are disseminated to Kansas wheat producers through the KSU Extension publications Kansas Performance Tests with Winter Wheat Varieties and Wheat Variety Disease and Insect Ratings.
Publications
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
1. Ranabhat, N., Bruce, M., Davis, M., and Rupp, J.L., (2020) Reaction of selected Kansas winter wheat cultivars to Barley yellow dwarf, 2019. Plant Disease Management Report (PDMR), 14:CF088. (1, 2, 6).
2. Mangel, D., Bruce, M., Davis, M., and Rupp, J.L., (2020) Evaluation of foliar fungicides for control of tan spot of spring wheat, 2019. Plant Disease Management Report (PDMR), 14:CF089 (1, 2, 6).
3. Mangel, D., Bruce, M., Davis, M., and Rupp, J.L., (2020) Reaction of Kansas Intrastate Nursery winter wheat accessions to Fusarium head blight, 2019. Plant Disease Management Report (PDMR). 14:CF090. (1, 2, 6).
4. Ranabhat, N., Bruce, M., Davis, M., and Rupp, J.L., (2020) Reaction of Kansas and Nebraska winter wheat accessions to Fusarium head blight (FHB), 2019. Plant Disease Management Report (PDMR), 14:CF091. (1, 2, 6).
5. Lingenfelser, J., De Wolf, E. D., Fritz, A., Knapp, M., Lollato, R., Andersen Onofre, K., Whitworth, J., Adee, E., Dooley, S., Esser, A., Kimball, J., Larson, M., Stensaas, D., Keith, T., Dylan, W. Haag, L., Mengarelli, L, Sassenrath, G., Schlegel, A., Zhang, G., Knopf, J., Bohnert, C. August 2020. 2020 Kansas Performance Tests with Winter Wheat Varieties: Report of Progress 1128. SRP 1158.
6. Hollandbeck, G. F. Andersen Onofre, K. A., DeWolf, E., Todd, T. 2020. Kansas cooperative plant disease survey report: preliminary 2020 Kansas wheat disease loss estimates. Agriculture.ks.gov
7. Andersen Onofre, K. and De Wolf, E. D. 2020. Foliar fungicide efficacy ratings for wheat disease management 2020. Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service. Pub No. EP-130.
8. Andersen Onofre, K., De Wolf, E. D., Lollato, R. and Whitworth, J. R. 2020. Wheat Variety Disease and Insect Ratings 2020. Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service. Pub No. MF991.
9. Andersen Onofre, K., De Wolf, E. D. Seed treatment fungicides for wheat disease management 2020. Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service. Pub No. MF2955.
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