Source: OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY submitted to NRP
ENHANCING NITROGEN UTILIZATION IN CORN BASED CROPPING SYSTEMS TO INCREASE YIELD, IMPROVE PROFITABILITY AND MINIMIZE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1019562
Grant No.
(N/A)
Cumulative Award Amt.
(N/A)
Proposal No.
(N/A)
Multistate No.
NC-_old1195
Project Start Date
May 1, 2019
Project End Date
Sep 30, 2021
Grant Year
(N/A)
Program Code
[(N/A)]- (N/A)
Recipient Organization
OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY
(N/A)
STILLWATER,OK 74078
Performing Department
Plant & Soil Sciences
Non Technical Summary
The ultimate success of the project - reduced N loss, efficient N fertilizer use and continued increase in corn yield - lies in the N recommendations and N management practices developed being adopted and utilized corn growers across the corn producing regions of the U.S. This will require a thorough understanding of how these practices impact N availability and yield, understanding the producer and adviser decision making process, and development of decision tools that will help people make good N fertilization decisions. Thus, a strong, transformative extension education/outreach program targeted to producers and crop advisors (in addition to extension educators, local/state/federal regulatory personnel, and policy makers), is embedded in this project.
Animal Health Component
80%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
20%
Applied
80%
Developmental
0%
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
10215101060100%
Knowledge Area
102 - Soil, Plant, Water, Nutrient Relationships;

Subject Of Investigation
1510 - Corn;

Field Of Science
1060 - Biology (whole systems);
Goals / Objectives
Explore optimization of nitrogen management practices through interrogation of corn nitrogen use efficiency datasets from studies conducted across the North Central region. Develop nitrogen management decision-making tools for crop advisers and growers.
Project Methods
A wide range of methods will be used. Programs, equipment, and expertise for many committee members are mainly field-based, and for a few are mainly lab-based. An emerging area of expertise for several committee members is measurement of nitrous oxide flux under different management scenarios, contributing to objective 1.Only a few committee members get any funding associated with their membership, thus activities will mainly be based on grants that can be obtained. In some cases, a sub-group of the committee will submit a proposal together (there is one such proposal from four members that is currently in review; few if any grant opportunities are at a large enough scale to support a proposal from the entire committee). In other cases, committee members will identify places that two funded projects can dovetail to enhance the outcome of one or both.Methods that will be employed are thus dependent on which funding efforts are successful. Substantial continuity with methods previously employed by the committee and its members is expected. Likely methods include field trials of nitrogen treatments (timing, source, rate, placement, loss inhibitors), field trials of other management practices (cover crops, rotations, tillage practices), microbiological studies of soils and rhizospheres, measurement of N2O flux, measurement of soil inorganic N content/dynamics, measurement of system parameters (soil temperature and moisture, plant spectral properties) that may help to explain observed N dynamics and behavior.

Progress 05/01/19 to 09/30/21

Outputs
Target Audience:The target audience was high plains corn producers; however, while the direct involvement with this audience was significantly limited due to COVID-19, multiple presentations were made virtually and a few were in person. Changes/Problems:Covid was the greatest challenge, not just for the dissemination of results but the implementation of the research.The location of the trial is 4.5 hours from campus, which means travel and overnight stays. If it were not for the great efforts of the local research station personnel, the work would have been lost. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?During initial the Covid breakout, training was restricted to a few virtual meetings. However, since the implementation of the vaccine multiple in-person meetings were held including an on-site field day. The data was warmlyreceived and producers utilized the information and changed practices. More meetings will be held this spring in which this data will be presented. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Factsheets, field days, presentations, youtube videos, and local newspress. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Goal 1. A rich data set was created over three growing seasons which included nitrogen by water treatments placed within a circle pivot in the panhandle. Each year the design on a 5 x 3 (5 nitrogen 3 water) factorial design replicated four times was implemented across 256 hectares. During the growing season, remote imagery was collected along with data from moisture sensors, at crop maturity yield was collected from all plots. At this point, the data has been summarized and is in the process of being submitted as a manuscript. Goal 2. While no direct tools were developed, this work is leading the researchers to better understand early-season rainfall patterns and the response to fertilizer nitrogen. This work will likely lead to adaptive N management strategies. It should be noted that due to this work producers in the region have reduced preplant N rates by up to 60 kg ha-1 per year.

Publications

  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Pre-Plant Nitrogen Response in Irrigated Corn PSS-2186. 2019 Okla. Coop. Ext Serv. Okla. State Univ. Stillwater OK.


Progress 10/01/19 to 09/30/20

Outputs
Target Audience:The target audience was high plains corn producers;however, the direct involvement with this audience was significantlylimited due to COVID-19. Changes/Problems:Covid prevented the opportunity to share the 2019 data as was planned. I expected to present it at least sixtimes at producer meetings. Most meetings were canceled and not rescheduled. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Multiple graduate students in Plant and Soil Sciences, Bio-systems Ag Engineering, and Ag Economics have had the opportunity to work in the field and on this data set. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Basic N response data has been shared at a few producer meetings; however, the team is waiting for the third year of data (2020) before performing a much more in-depth analysis of the spatial interactions of Nitrogen and water. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?During the next reporting period, we will harvest 2020 crops and establish 2021, begin analysis and in-depth reportingof the data(factsheets, presentations, and manuscripts), and begin the process of creating decision aid tools for the high plains corn producers of Oklahoma.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Extensive field research was initiated in 2018 and will end in 2021 at the McCaull Research and Demonstration Farm located in northern Texas County, Oklahoma. The area has a cumulative season rainfall average of 250 mm; however, year-to-year has a great variance. The fluctuation of rainfall in the Panhandle increases water use, which over many years has significantly lowered the groundwater level of the Ogallala aquifer. Each year the study isconducted on a 50-hectare pivot. The project will use 3 pivots over the four-year study. Each pivot is in a different aspect of corn, wheat, sorghum rotation The study looked at five nitrogen rates across 3 levels of irrigation.The corn crop had variable N treatments prior to planting: 0, 79, 157, 235, and 314 kilogram nitrogen per hectare as anhydrous ammonia.The three irrigation rates of water that were used were 25 mm (80 percent ET, 25.4 mm), 32 mm (100 percent ET, 31.75 mm), and 38 mm (120 percent ET, 38.1 mm) approximately every five days. The irrigation capacity was 14.4, 18.2, and 30 liters per minute, respectively. Soil moisture sensors and reflectace data are regularly collected. During the last reporting cycle, the 2019 crop was harvested and the 2020 crop established.

Publications


    Progress 05/01/19 to 09/30/19

    Outputs
    Target Audience:Crop advisors and growers Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Nothing Reported How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Nothing Reported What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?In the Spring of 2020 studies will be initiated which follow the goals of the multi-sate project.

    Impacts
    What was accomplished under these goals? This projected was initiated after planting season so no trials or demonstrations were established. Existing studies have been used for extension activities.

    Publications