Progress 10/01/19 to 09/30/24
Outputs
Target Audience:Target audiences for our research project include farmers, crop consultants and agribusinesses. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?
Nothing Reported
How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Research results are presented in our annual research report, which is posted on our website and made available in county extension offices. Data is also provided to extension specialists to include in statewide publications. Research information is made available to our target audiences during our annual field day, off-station tours and various producer meetings throughout the year. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Objective 1. Evaluate small grain, row, oil, pulse and alternative crop cultivars for adaptation to soil and environmental conditions of northeast North Dakota. A total of 142 replicated cultivar trials of named and experimental lines of small grain, row, oil and alternative crops were tested at the NDSU LREC and off-station locations across northeast North Dakota during this project from 2020-2024. Approximately 540 cultivars of 18 different crops were evaluated on a yearly basis. The crops, average number of locations and average number of cultivars tested (number tested indicated in parenthesis) for the off-station locations for the time period were; hard red spring wheat (hrsw), four locations (33), conventional soybeans, one location (18), roundup ready (RR) soybean, three locations (47). Crops and number of cultivars tested at the LREC were; hrsw (65), durum (42), hrsw uniform regional nursery (31), barley (22), oat (37), hard red winter wheat (hrww) (25), rye-4 years (14), RR canola (19), LL canola (15), CL canola (4), conventional canola (11), crambe- 1 year (8), flax (43), field pea (44), dry bean (28), buckwheat-4 year (7), faba bean-4 years (12), RR soybean (52), conventional-LL soybean (20), corn (25), oil sunflower (42), confection sunflower (7), and industrial hemp-2 years (8). The average trial yields for the life of this project for the various crop in kg/ha were; hrsw 4568, durum 4835, barley 5537, hrsw regional nursery 4759, oat 6058, hrww 3841, conventional and CL canola 2660, LL canola 2860, and RR canola 2919, crambe 2736, flax 2671, dry pea 3356, faba bean 4581, hemp grain 1373, rye 5053, spring rye 5645, lupin 4466, dry bean 3706, buckwheat 2210, RR soybean 3718, conventional and LL soybean 3482, corn 8815, sunflower confection 2870, and sunflower oil 2907. Many private company cultivar evaluation trials were conducted during the project. The LREC continued cooperation with NDSU plant breeders of durum, hrsw, canola, and field pea nurseries in addition to regional nurseries of several other crops annually. Objective 2. Evaluate crop management cultural strategies that improve efficiency and profitability of crop production in northeast North Dakota. Studies were initiated in 2020-2023 to study the effect of clipping and bending of hemp at various plant growth stages on grain and fiber yield. Clipping involved removing the top 3-8 cm of the plant and bending (hair-pinning) the top one-half of the plant. The varieties in the grain study were Katani and Canda and Canda in the fiber study. Growth stages of treatments were GS1006, GS1014-GS211, and GS2102-2201. Yields always were highest for the untreated checks for both varieties although the bend and cut treatments yields were not always significantly different from the checks. Bending treatments generally resulted in greater yield reductions in the two later growth stages. In the fiber trial the check had the greatest yield and was significantly lower at the two later growth stages. Soybeans have become an important crop in the northeast region of North Dakota. Row spacing and planting rate are two important production decisions that producers make in order to maximize yields. Row spacings in this study were 15-, 30-, and 61-cm with planting rates of 309,000, 370,000 432,000 and 494,000 (PLS)/ha. There were no significant interactions between row spacing and planting rate for yield. No significant differences occurred between row spacing while the 494,000 PLS/ha planting rate had significantly higher yield than the 309,000 and 432,000 PLS/ha planting rates. Drier soil conditions at planting for this study may have increased seedling mortality and resulted in no significant differences in yield among row spacing and resulted in the highest seeding rate to have the highest yield. There were no significant interactions between row spacing and planting rate for yield in the second year of the study. The 15 and 30 cm row spacing yielded significantly greater than the 61 cm row spacing. The 432,000 and 494,000 planting rates had significantly higher yields than the two lower seeding rates. A dry bean field trial was conducted to examine the response of pinto bean to row spacing and plant population. Row spacing was 45- and 76-cm and paired 15-cm rows (centered at 76 cm) with planting rates of 148, 210, and 259K pure live seeds/ha to establish targeted stands of 124, 173 and 223K plants/ha. There was no significant row spacing by plant population interactions among the agronomic traits. The paired 15-cm rows had greater plant stands compared to other row spacing. There was no significant row spacing by plant population interactions among the agronomic traits in the second year of the study. The 45-cm and paired rows yielded significantly higher than the 76 cm-row by an average of 36 percent. The planting rate of the 160,000, 210,000 and 259,000 PLS/ha had an emergence percent of 86, 78, and 78, respectively. The yield of the 259,000 PLS/ha planting rate was significantly higher than the 160,000 PLS/a planting rate The LREC participated in a grant 'Evaluation of Lupin Adaptation in North Dakota' from 2022-2024. Lupin is a grain legume and produces seed high in protein. It can be used for human consumption or the livestock industry. An average of eighteen lines were tested each year. The average yield was 4948 kg/ha ranging from 3419 to 5547 kg/ha. Intercropping is the production practice of growing two or more crops together at the same time. This study looked at intercropping field peas and canola and studied the optimum seeding ratios of these two crops to attain maximum Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) which is a measure of the yield advantage gained by growing an intercrop compared to growing the same crops as a monocrop. The seeding ratios tested for pea/canola were 100/0, 0/100, 66/66, 33/66, 50/50, 66/33, and 100/33. Pea and canola yields were the highest for the 100% monocrop in both years. Average yield of the various seeding ratios for pea decreased by 69% compared to 100% monocrop while yield for the various ratios for canola decreased only 24% compared to the 100% monocrop canola in year one. The individual LER's for the peas was much lower than the canola indicating that canola was the dominate crop in this study in both years. No significant differences were seen between the total LER's, ranging from 1.04 to 1.07, indicating that no benefit was seen from combining these crops in an intercropping system in this study. A second year of this study was conducted in 2023. Average yield of the various seeding ratios for pea decreased by 52% compared to 100% monocrop while yield for the various ratios for canola decreased only 38% compared to the 100% monocrop canola. The 100/33 Pea/Canola ratio LER was 1.18 which was significantly higher than the 33/66 Pea/Canola ratio which was 1.05. Economic returns do not include cost of production and additional seed cleaning costs associated with intercropping, which would result in lower net revenue. Previous pea-canola intercropping research in North Dakota and Canada and has generally indicated LER's ranging from 1.05 to 1.25. A field trial was conducted at the NDSU Langdon Research Extension Center to examine the response of dry pea to seeding dates on two varieties. This study was initiated to examine seeding date trends with the newer varieties available. Experimental design was a randomized complete block split plot (whole plots = seeding date, sub-plot = variety) with four replications. Yellow pea varieties 'AAC Chrome' and 'Spider' were planted on May 13, May 23, and June 7 on a conventionally tilled Svea-Barnes loam soil in 6, 7-inch rows at a seeding rate of 325,000 pure live seeds/acre, 7.5 seeds/ft2. The greatest yield occurred at the May 23 seeding date but the differences were not significantly different from other seeding dates.
Publications
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
NDSU Langdon Research Extension Center. 2023. Annual Research Report No. 98. NDSU Langdon Research Extension Center.
|
Progress 10/01/23 to 09/30/24
Outputs
Target Audience:Target audiences for our research project include farmers, crop consultants and agribusinesses. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?
Nothing Reported
How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Research results are presented in our annual research report, which is posted on our website and made available in county extension offices. Data is also provided to extension specialists to include in statewide publications. Research information is made available to our target audiences during our annual field day, off-station tours and various producer meetings throughout the year. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Objective 1. Evaluate small grain, row, oil, pulse and alternative crop cultivars for adaptation to soil and environmental conditions of northeast North Dakota. A total of 142 replicated cultivar trials of named and experimental lines of small grain, row, oil and alternative crops were tested at the NDSU LREC and off-station locations across northeast North Dakota during this project from 2020-2024. Approximately 540 cultivars of 18 different crops were evaluated on a yearly basis. The crops, average number of locations and average number of cultivars tested (number tested indicated in parenthesis) for the off-station locations for the time period were; hard red spring wheat (hrsw), four locations (33), conventional soybeans, one location (18), roundup ready (RR) soybean, three locations (47). Crops and number of cultivars tested at the LREC were; hrsw (65), durum (42), hrsw uniform regional nursery (31), barley (22), oat (37), hard red winter wheat (hrww) (25), rye-4 years (14), RR canola (19), LL canola (15), CL canola (4), conventional canola (11), crambe- 1 year (8), flax (43), field pea (44), dry bean (28), buckwheat-4 year (7), faba bean-4 years (12), RR soybean (52), conventional-LL soybean (20), corn (25), oil sunflower (42), confection sunflower (7), and industrial hemp-2 years (8). The average trial yields for the life of this project for the various crop in kg/ha were; hrsw 4568, durum 4835, barley 5537, hrsw regional nursery 4759, oat 6058, hrww 3841, conventional and CL canola 2660, LL canola 2860, and RR canola 2919, crambe 2736, flax 2671, dry pea 3356, faba bean 4581, hemp grain 1373, rye 5053, spring rye 5645, lupin 4466, dry bean 3706, buckwheat 2210, RR soybean 3718, conventional and LL soybean 3482, corn 8815, sunflower confection 2870, and sunflower oil 2907. Many private company cultivar evaluation trials were conducted during the project. The LREC continued cooperation with NDSU plant breeders of durum, hrsw, canola, and field pea nurseries in addition to regional nurseries of several other crops annually. Objective 2. Evaluate crop management cultural strategies that improve efficiency and profitability of crop production in northeast North Dakota. Studies were initiated in 2020-2023 to study the effect of clipping and bending of hemp at various plant growth stages on grain and fiber yield. Clipping involved removing the top 3-8 cm of the plant and bending (hair-pinning) the top one-half of the plant. The varieties in the grain study were Katani and Canda and Canda in the fiber study. Growth stages of treatments were GS1006, GS1014-GS211, and GS2102-2201. Yields always were highest for the untreated checks for both varieties although the bend and cut treatments yields were not always significantly different from the checks. Bending treatments generally resulted in greater yield reductions in the two later growth stages. In the fiber trial the check had the greatest yield and was significantly lower at the two later growth stages. Soybeans have become an important crop in the northeast region of North Dakota. Row spacing and planting rate are two important production decisions that producers make in order to maximize yields. Row spacings in this study were 15-, 30-, and 61-cm with planting rates of 309,000, 370,000 432,000 and 494,000 (PLS)/ha. There were no significant interactions between row spacing and planting rate for yield. No significant differences occurred between row spacing while the 494,000 PLS/ha planting rate had significantly higher yield than the 309,000 and 432,000 PLS/ha planting rates. Drier soil conditions at planting for this study may have increased seedling mortality and resulted in no significant differences in yield among row spacing and resulted in the highest seeding rate to have the highest yield. There were no significant interactions between row spacing and planting rate for yield in the second year of the study. The 15 and 30 cm row spacing yielded significantly greater than the 61 cm row spacing. The 432,000 and 494,000 planting rates had significantly higher yields than the two lower seeding rates. A dry bean field trial was conducted to examine the response of pinto bean to row spacing and plant population. Row spacing was 45- and 76-cm and paired 15-cm rows (centered at 76 cm) with planting rates of 148, 210, and 259K pure live seeds/ha to establish targeted stands of 124, 173 and 223K plants/ha. There was no significant row spacing by plant population interactions among the agronomic traits. The paired 15-cm rows had greater plant stands compared to other row spacing. There was no significant row spacing by plant population interactions among the agronomic traits in the second year of the study. The 45-cm and paired rows yielded significantly higher than the 76 cm-row by an average of 36 percent. The planting rate of the 160,000, 210,000 and 259,000 PLS/ha had an emergence percent of 86, 78, and 78, respectively. The yield of the 259,000 PLS/ha planting rate was significantly higher than the 160,000 PLS/a planting rate The LREC participated in a grant 'Evaluation of Lupin Adaptation in North Dakota' from 2022-2024. Lupin is a grain legume and produces seed high in protein. It can be used for human consumption or the livestock industry. An average of eighteen lines were tested each year. The average yield was 4948 kg/ha ranging from 3419 to 5547 kg/ha. Intercropping is the production practice of growing two or more crops together at the same time. This study looked at intercropping field peas and canola and studied the optimum seeding ratios of these two crops to attain maximum Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) which is a measure of the yield advantage gained by growing an intercrop compared to growing the same crops as a monocrop. The seeding ratios tested for pea/canola were 100/0, 0/100, 66/66, 33/66, 50/50, 66/33, and 100/33. Pea and canola yields were the highest for the 100% monocrop in both years. Average yield of the various seeding ratios for pea decreased by 69% compared to 100% monocrop while yield for the various ratios for canola decreased only 24% compared to the 100% monocrop canola in year one. The individual LER's for the peas was much lower than the canola indicating that canola was the dominate crop in this study in both years. No significant differences were seen between the total LER's, ranging from 1.04 to 1.07, indicating that no benefit was seen from combining these crops in an intercropping system in this study. A second year of this study was conducted in 2023. Average yield of the various seeding ratios for pea decreased by 52% compared to 100% monocrop while yield for the various ratios for canola decreased only 38% compared to the 100% monocrop canola. The 100/33 Pea/Canola ratio LER was 1.18 which was significantly higher than the 33/66 Pea/Canola ratio which was 1.05. Economic returns do not include cost of production and additional seed cleaning costs associated with intercropping, which would result in lower net revenue. Previous pea-canola intercropping research in North Dakota and Canada and has generally indicated LER's ranging from 1.05 to 1.25. A field trial was conducted at the NDSU Langdon Research Extension Center to examine the response of dry pea to seeding dates on two varieties. This study was initiated to examine seeding date trends with the newer varieties available. Experimental design was a randomized complete block split plot (whole plots = seeding date, sub-plot = variety) with four replications. Yellow pea varieties 'AAC Chrome' and 'Spider' were planted on May 13, May 23, and June 7 on a conventionally tilled Svea-Barnes loam soil in 6, 7-inch rows at a seeding rate of 325,000 pure live seeds/acre, 7.5 seeds/ft2. The greatest yield occurred at the May 23 seeding date but the differences were not significantly different from other seeding dates.
Publications
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
NDSU Langdon Research Extension Center. 2023. Annual Research Report No. 98. NDSU Langdon Research Extension Center.
|
Progress 10/01/22 to 09/30/23
Outputs
Target Audience:Target audiences for our research project include farmers, crop consultants and agribusinesses. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?
Nothing Reported
How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Research results are presented in our annual research report, which is posted on our website and made available in county extension offices. Data is also provided to extension specialists to include in statewide publications. Research information is made available to our target audiences during our annual field day, off-station tours and various producer meetings throughout the year. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Objective 1. Evaluate small grain, row, oil, pulse and alternative crop cultivars for adaptation to soil and environmental conditions of northeast North Dakota. Replicated cultivar trials of named and experimental lines of small grain, row, oil, pulse, and alternative crops were tested at the NDSU Langdon Research Extension Center (LREC) and off-station locations across northeast North Dakota during the project period in 2023. The crops, number of locations, and the number of cultivars tested (number tested indicated in parenthesis) for the off-station locations were; hard red spring wheat (hrsw), three locations (32), conventional soybean, one location (16) and Roundup Ready Xtend Flex (RR2XF), Enlist, and Glyphosate Tolerant (GT) soybean, three locations (44). Crop cultivars tested at the LREC were; hrsw (68), durum (36), hrsw regional nursery (31), hrww (24), barley (20), winter rye (15), spring rye (16), canola RR (22), canola Liberty Link (18), Clearfield canola (7), flax (40), oat (36), field pea (48), dry bean (30), soybean, RR2XF, Enlist and GT (54), soybean conventional (16), grain corn (18), oil sunflower (44), non-oil sunflower (7), faba bean (11), and buckwheat (6). Several private company cultivar evaluation trials were conducted for hrsw, oat, field pea, and canola. NDSU breeder nurseries that were conducted were hard red winter wheat, field pea, soybean GT, and canola. Identifying superior crop cultivars for northeast ND gives producers the information they need to switch to top performing lines. This easy and relatively inexpensive production practice can result in increased income for producers. New cultivars and hybrids are released yearly which need to be evaluated for their adaptation to the environment and soils of our region. For this reporting period, the top yielding hrsw cultivar across off-station locations and the LREC was Ballistic, which had an average yield of 6469 kg/ha. The mean for the trials was 5474 kg/ha. The average yield for RR2XF, Enlist and GT soybeans at four locations was 3044 kg/ha and 2437 kg/ha at two locations where conventional soybeans were tested. Average yields for other crops tested in cultivar trials at the LREC were (in kg/ha); durum 4424, barley 6036, dry bean 3423, grain corn 8268, winter rye 4008, spring rye 6153, hrsw 5285, hrsw regional nursery 4580, field pea 5305, flax 2013, canola LL 2835, Clearfield canola 2919, canola RR 2820, faba bean 3712, buckwheat 2357, sunflower oil 2374, sunflower confection 2769, and crambe 2736. Objective 2. Evaluate crop management cultural strategies that improve efficiency and profitability of crop production in northeast North Dakota. The LREC is participating in a grant 'Evaluation of Lupin Adaptation in North Dakota'. Lupin is a grain legume and produces seed high in protein. It can be used for human consumption or the livestock industry. Twenty lines were tested with 19 maturing to yield. Yields were excellent despite the late seeding data of May 26. The average yield was 3419 kg/ha ranging from 2771 to 3379 kg/ha. Intercropping is the production practice of growing two or more crops together at the same time. Intercropping provides several potential benefits but also challenges to successful crop production. This study looked at intercropping field peas and canola and studied the optimum seeding ratios of these two crops to attain maximum Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) which is a measure of the yield advantage gained by growing an intercrop compared to growing the same crops as a monocrop. The seeding rate for monocrop field peas was 802,000 PLS/ha and 1.08 million PLS/ha for canola. The seeding ratios tested for pea/canola were 100/0, 0/100, 66/66, 33/66, 50/50, 66/33, and 100/33. Pea and canola yields were the highest for the 100 percent monocrop. Average yield of the various seeding ratios for pea decreased by 52% compared to 100% monocrop while yield for the various ratios for canola decreased only 38% compared to the 100% monocrop canola. The individual LER's for the peas was much lower than the canola indicating that canola was the dominate crop in this study. The 100/33 Pea/Canola ration LER was 1.18 which was significantly higher than the 33/66 Pea/Canola ratio which was 1.05. However, the 100/33 Pea/Canola ratio still had lower gross revenue than the monocrop canola. Economic returns do not include cost of production and additional seed cleaning costs associated with intercropping, which would result in lower net revenue. Previous pea-canola intercropping research in North Dakota and Canada and has generally indicated LER's ranging from 1.05 to 1.25.
Publications
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
NDSU Langdon Research Extension Center. 2023. Annual Research Report No. 97. NDSU Langdon Research Extension Center.
|
Progress 10/01/21 to 09/30/22
Outputs
Target Audience:Target audiences for our research project include farmers, crop consultants and agribusiness. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?
Nothing Reported
How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Research results are presented in our annual research report, which is posted on our website and made available in county extension offices. Data is also provided to extension specialists to include in statewide publications. Research information is made available to our target audiences during our annual field day, off-station tours and various producer meetings throughout the year. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Objective 1. Evaluate small grain, row, oil, pulse and alternative crop cultivars for adaptation to soil and environmental conditions of northeast North Dakota. Replicated cultivar trials of named and experimental lines of small grain, row, oil, pulse, and alternative crops were tested at the NDSU Langdon Research Extension Center (LREC) and off-station locations across northeast North Dakota during the project period in 2022. The crops, number of locations, and the number of cultivars tested (number tested indicated in parenthesis) for the off-station locations were; hard red spring wheat (hrsw), four locations (32), conventional soybean, one location (18) and Roundup Ready Xtend (RR2X), Flex (RR2XF), Enlist (E3), and Glyphosate Tolerant (GT) soybean, 3 locations (48). Private company trial evaluation of hrsw, one location (16). Crop cultivars tested at the LREC were; hrsw (66), durum (42), hrsw regional nursery (27), hrww (25), barley (25), winter rye (10), spring rye (4), canola RR (20), canola Liberty Link (16), conventional canola (10), flax (42), oat (40), field pea (36), dry bean (24), soybean RR, RR2X, RR2XF, Enlist and GT (56), soybean conventional (18), grain corn (25), oil sunflower (36), non-oil sunflower (12), faba bean (13), and buckwheat (8). Several private company cultivar evaluation trials were conducted for hrsw, oat, field pea, canola, and faba bean. Identifying superior crop cultivars for northeast ND gives producers the information they need to switch to top performing lines. This easy and relatively inexpensive production practice can result in increased income for producers. New cultivars and hybrids are released yearly which need to be evaluated for their adaptation to the environment and soils of our region. For this reporting period, the top yielding hrsw cultivar across off-station locations and the LREC was MS Charger, which had an average yield of 5043 kg/ha. The mean for the trials was 4228 kg/ha. The average yield for RR2X, RR2XF, Enlist and GT soybeans at four locations was 4378 kg/ha and 4210 kg/ha at two locations where conventional soybeans were tested. Average yields for other crops tested in cultivar trials at the LREC were (in kg/ha); durum 5336, barley 5757, dry bean 3542, grain corn 9032, winter rye 4723, spring rye 5137, hrsw 5286, hrsw regional nursery 5319, field pea 4088, flax 3632, canola LL 3652, conventional canola 3076, canola RR 3403, faba bean 7155, buckwheat 3037, sunflower oil 3074, sunflower confection 3124. Objective 2. Evaluate crop management cultural strategies that improve efficiency and profitability of crop production in northeast North Dakota. Hail simulation studies were initiated with the National Crop Insurance Service (NCIS) to help determine the effects of hail damage on the yield of hemp. A third year of a study was conducted to quantify the effect of clipping and bending of hemp at various plant growth stages on grain and fiber yield. The varieties in the grain study were Grandi, Canda, and Canda in the fiber study. Clipping involved removing all but the first pair of leaves at the first growth stage and the top the top 3-8 cm of the plant at the last two growth stages and bending (hair-pinning) the top one-third to one-half of the plant. Growth stages for the clipping and bending treatments were GS1006 (June 24), GS1014-GS211 (July 8), and GS2102-2201 (July 25). The Grandi yield on the July 24 clip treatment was 1299 kg/ha compared 1845 for the Grandi check treatment while the Canda July 8 clip treatment was 1488 kg/ha compared to 2115 for the Canda check. These differences were not significant however. In the fiber trial the check had the greatest yield and was significantly different than the June 24 and July 8 clip treatments and the June 24 and July 8 bend treatments. Two faba bean research trials were conducted for the Risk Management Agency to determine yield components for crop insurance purposes. Soybeans have become an important crop in the northeast region of North Dakota. Row spacing and planting rate are two important production decisions that producers make in order to maximize yields. Previous research on soybean response to planting rate and row spacings in eastern North Dakota indicated that row spacing of 38-cm or less at a planting rate of 420,000 pure live seeds (PLS)/ha provided optimum yield. Row spacings in this study we 15-, 30-, and 61-cm with planting rates of 309,000, 370,000 432,000 and 494,000 (PLS)/ha. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between row spacing and planting rate on yield and agronomic traits. A RR2X variety with maturity of 00.7 was used. There were no significant interactions between row spacing and planting rate for yield. The 15 and 30 cm row spacing yielded significantly greater than the 61 cm row spacing. The 432,000 and 494,000 planting rates had significantly higher yields than the two lower seeding rate. The LREC is participating in a grant 'Evaluation of Lupin Adaptation in North Dakota'. Lupin is a grain legume and produces seed high in protein. It can be used for human consumption or the livestock industry. Eighteen lines were tested with 15 maturing to yield. Yields were excellent despite the late seeding data of May 26. The average yield was 5308 kg/ha ranging rom 4353 to 4956 kg/ha. There were no significant differences in yield.
Publications
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
NDSU Langdon Research Extension Center. 2022. Annual Research Report No. 97. NDSU Langdon Research Extension Center.
|
Progress 10/01/20 to 09/30/21
Outputs
Target Audience:Target audiences for our research project include farmers, crop consultants and agribusinesses. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?
Nothing Reported
How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Research results are presented in our annual research report, which is posted on our website and made available in county extension offices. Data is also provided to extension specialists to include in statewide publications. Research information is made available to our target audiences during our annual field day, off-station tours and various producer meetings throughout the year. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Objective 1. Evaluate small grain, row, oil, pulse and alternative crop cultivars for adaptation to soil and environmental conditions of northeast North Dakota. Replicated cultivar trials of named and experimental lines of small grain, row, oil, pulse and alternative crops were tested at the NDSU Langdon Research Extension Center (LREC) and off-station locations across northeast North Dakota during the project period in 2021. The crops, number of locations, and the number of cultivars tested (number tested indicated in parenthesis) for the off-station locations were; hard red spring wheat (hrsw), four locations (30), conventional soybean, one location (22) and Roundup Ready Xtend (RR2X), Flex (RR2XF), Enlist (E3), and Glyphosate Tolerant (GT) soybean, 3 locations (54). Private company trial evaluation of hrsw, two locations. Crop cultivars tested at the LREC were; hrsw (56), durum (49), hrsw regional nursery (28), hrww (25), barley (25), rye (14), canola RR (20), canola Liberty Link (LL), Clearfield (CL) and conventional cultivars (26), flax (36), oat (36), field pea (42), dry bean (30), soybean RR, RR2X, RR2XF, Enlist and GT (54), soybean conventional (30), grain corn (25), oil sunflower (36), non-oil sunflower (10), faba bean (18), buckwheat (8) and industrial hemp (5). Several private company cultivar evaluation trials were conducted for hrsw, oat, field pea, canola, and faba bean. Identifying superior crop cultivars for northeast ND gives producers the information they need to switch to top performing lines. This easy and relatively inexpensive production practice can result in increased income for producers. New cultivars and hybrids are released yearly which need to be evaluated for their adaptation to the environment and soils of our region. For this reporting period, the top yielding hrsw cultivar across off-station locations and the LREC was Ballistic, which had an average yield of 4431 kg/ha. The mean for the trials was 3295 kg/ha. The average yield for RR2X, RR2XF, Enlist and GT soybeans at four locations was 3098 kg/ha and 2619 kg/ha at two locations where conventional soybeans were tested. Average yields for other crops tested in cultivar trials at the LREC were (in kg/ha); durum 3234, barley 4551, dry bean 2171, grain corn 9602, rye 4835, hrsw 1620, hrsw regional nursery 2710, field pea 3086, flax 1332, canola LL, CL and conventional 1325, canola RR 1722, faba bean 2595, hemp, 1425 and buckwheat 1408. Objective 2. Evaluate crop management cultural strategies that improve efficiency and profitability of crop production in northeast North Dakota. Hail simulation studies were initiated with the National Crop Insurance Service (NCIS) to help determine the effects of hail damage on the yield of hemp. A second year of a study was conducted to quantify the effect of clipping and bending of hemp at various plant growth stages on grain and fiber yield. The varieties in the grain study were Katani, Canda, and Canda in the fiber study. Clipping involved removing all but the first pair of leaves at the first growth stage and the top the top 3-8 cm of the plant at the last two growth stages and bending (hair-pinning) the top one-third to one-half of the plant. Growth stages for the clipping and bending treatments were GS1006 (June 17), GS1014-GS211 (June 30), and GS2102-2201 (July 14). The Katani yield on July 14 clip treatment was significantly higher that the Katani check while the Canda June 17 clip yield was significantly lower than the Canda check. In the fiber trial the check had the greatest yield and was significantly different than the June 17 and 30 clip treatments and the June 30 and July 14 bend treatments. Two faba bean research trials were conducted for the Risk Management Agency to determine yield components for crop insurance purposes. Soybeans have become an important crop in the northeast region of North Dakota. Row spacing and planting rate are two important production decisions that producers make in order to maximize yields. Previous research on soybean response to planting rate and row spacings in eastern North Dakota indicated that row spacing of 38-cm or less at a planting rate of 420,000 pure live seeds (PLS)/ha provided optimum yield. Row spacings in this study we 15-, 30-, and 61-cm with planting rates of 309,000, 370,000 432,000 and 494,000 (PLS)/ha. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between row spacing and planting rate on yield and agronomic traits. A RR2X variety with maturity of 00.7 was used. There were no significant interactions between row spacing and planting rate for yield. No significant differences occurred between row spacing while the 494,000 PLS/ha planting rate had significantly higher yield than the 309,000 and 432,000 PLS/ha planting rates. A dry bean field trial was conducted to examine the response of pinto bean to row spacing and plant population. Row spacing was 45- and 76-cm and paired 15-cm rows (centered at 76 cm) with planting rates of 160,000, 210,000 and 259,000 PLS/ha to establish targeted stands of 124,000, 173,000 and 223,000 plants/ha. There was no significant row spacing by plant population interactions among the agronomic traits. Plant stands and percent emergence were similar for the row spacing. The 45-cm and paired rows yield significantly higher than the 76 cm-row by an average of 36 percent. The planting rate of the 160,000, 210,000 and 259,000 PLS/ha resulted plant stands of 138,000, 164,000 and 203,000 plants/ha for a emergence percent of 86, 78, and 78, respectively. Seedling mortality for the 160,000 PLS/ha planting rate was 7 percent less than the two higher planting rate. Test weight and 100 kernel weight had small but significant differences between row spacings. The yield of the 259,000 PLS/ha planting rate was significantly higher than the 160,000 PLS/a planting rate. No differences were observed in 100 kernel weight or test weight among planting rates. Intercropping is the production practice of growing two or more crops together at the same time. Intercropping provides several potential benefits but also challenges to successful crop production. This study looked at intercropping field peas and canola and studied the optimum seeding ratios of these two crop to attain maximum Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) which is a measure of the yield advantage gained by growing an intercrop compared to growing the same crops as a monocrop. The seeding rate for monocrop field peas was 780,000 PLS/ha and 2.4 million PLS/ha for canola. The seeding ratios tested for pea/canola were 100/0, 0/100, 66/66, 33/66, 50/50, 66/33, and 100/33. Pea and canola yields were the highest for the 100 percent monocrop. Average yield of the various seeding ratios for pea decreased by 69% compared to 100% monocrop while yield for the various ratios for canola decreased only 24% compared to the 100% monocrop canola. The individual LER's for the peas was much lower than the canola indicating that canola was the dominate crop in this study. No significant differences were seen between the total LER's, ranging from 1.04 to 1.07, indicating that no benefit was seen from combining these crops in an intercropping system in this study. Previous pea-canola intercropping research in North Dakota and Canada and has generally indicated LER's ranging from 1.05 to 1.25.
Publications
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
NDSU Langdon Research Extension Center. 2021. Annual Research Report No.96. NDSU Research Extension Center.
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Progress 10/01/19 to 09/30/20
Outputs
Target Audience:Target audiences for our research project include farmers, crop consultants and agribusinesses. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?
Nothing Reported
How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Research results are presented in our annual research report, which is posted on our website and made available in county extension offices. Data is also provided to extension specialists to include in statewide publications. Research information is made available to our target audiences during our annual field day, off-station tours and various producer meetings throughout the year. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Objective 1. Evaluate small grain, row, oil, pulse and alternative crop cultivars for adaptation to soil and environmental conditions of northeast North Dakota. Replicated cultivar trials of named and experimental lines of small grain, row, oil, pulse and alternative crops were tested at the NDSU Langdon Research Extension Center (LREC) and off-station locations across northeast North Dakota during the project period in 2020. The crops, number of locations, and the number of cultivars tested (number tested indicated in parenthesis) for the off-station locations were; hard red spring wheat (hrsw), four locations (30), conventional soybean, one location (22) and Roundup Ready (RR), Xtend (XT) and Enlist (E3) soybean, 3 locations (54). Private company trial evaluation of hrsw, one location. Crop cultivars tested at the LREC were; hrsw (56), durum (49), hrsw regional nursery (30), barley (20), oat (36), hrww (25), rye (13), canola RR (20), canola Liberty Link (LL), Clearfield (CL) and conventional cultivars (30), flax (36), field pea (42), dry bean (25), soybean RR, XT, E3 (56), soybean conventional (22), grain corn (30), oil sunflower (42), non-oil sunflower (6), faba bean (5), and industrial hemp (11). Several private company cultivar evaluation trials were conducted for hrsw, oat, field pea, canola, and faba bean. Identifying superior crop cultivars for northeast ND gives producers the information they need to switch to top performing lines. This easy and relatively inexpensive production practice can result in increased income for producers. New cultivars and hybrids are released yearly which need to be evaluated for their adaptation to the environment and soils of our region. For this reporting period, the top yielding hrsw cultivar across off-station locations and the LREC was LCS Trigger, which had an average yield of 5043 kg/ha. The mean for the trials was 4353 kg/ha. The mean of the trials was 4963 kg/ha. The average yield for RR, XT and E3 soybeans at four locations was 4057 kg/ha and 4169 kg/ha at one location where conventional soybeans were tested. Average yields for other crops tested in cultivar trials at the LREC were (in kg/ha); durum 5615, barley 6676, dry bean 3889, oat 6886, grain corn 5404, rye 3117, hrsw 4788, hrsw regional nursery 5043, hrww 2602, field pea 4304, flax 2848, canola LL, CL and conventional 3229, canola RR 3596, non-oil sunflower 3477, oil sunflower 3677, faba bean 4862 and hemp 1321. Objective 2. Evaluate crop management cultural strategies that improve efficiency and profitability of crop production in northeast North Dakota. Hail simulation studies were initiated with the National Crop Insurance Service (NCIS) to help determine the effects of hail damage on the yield of hemp. A third year of a study was conducted to quantify the effect of stand reduction on hemp at different plant growth stages and levels of plant reduction. Plant reductions levels were 0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 percent at 3 growth stages, GS1006 (June 24), GS1014-GS211 (July 6), and GS2102-2201 (July 15) on the variety Katani. Mean seed yield was reduced at the July 15 growth stage by 15 percent when compared to the average of the June 24 and July 6 growth stage yields. Seed yield was not significantly different from one another at 0, 20, 40, and 60 percent stand reductions. The 80 percent stand reduction level yielded 18 percent lower than the average of the 0, 20, 40 and 60 percent stand reduction levels. Additional NCIS hemp hail studies were initiated to study the effect of clipping and bending of hemp at various plant growth stages on grain and fiber yield. Clipping involved removing the top the top 1-2 inches of the plant and bending (hair-pinning) the top one-half of the plant. The varieties in the grain study were Katani and Canda and Canda in the fiber study. Growth stages and date of treatments were the same as the first study. Yields always were highest for the untreated checks for both varieties although the bend and cut treatments yields were not always significantly different from the checks. Bending treatments generally resulted in greater yield reductions in the July 6 and 15 treatment dates while cutting of the plants had the greatest yield reduction in the June 24 and July 6 treatment dates. A preliminary observation of one replicate of bending and cutting on forage hemp yields indicated greater reductions in yield for the bend and cut treatments on the July 6 and 15 dates. Two faba bean research trials were conducted for the Risk Management Agency to determine yield components for crop insurance purposes. Soybeans have become an important crop in the northeast region of North Dakota. Seeding date and cultivar selection are two important production decisions that producers make in order to maximize yields. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between cultivar maturity and seeding date on yield and agronomic traits. Seeding dates were May 21, May 29, June 5, June 12 and June 19. Three Roundup Ready cultivars were used with maturity ratings of 00.5, 00.9 and 0.1. A frost/freeze of 29 deg. F. occurred on September 8. All varieties planted on May 21 had matured prior to that date. Varieties planted on subsequent dates had varying degrees of plant damage on the upper portion of the leaves and stems while little damage was observed on the lower leaves and stems. The next freeze of 27 deg. F. occurred on October 2, at which point all varieties had been called mature prior to that date. There were significant interactions between seeding dates and cultivar maturity groups for yield and net return. Yields were the greatest at the earliest seeding date and decreased at each of the subsequent dates. Yields were similar among varieties at the May 19 seeding date. On subsequent dates the 00.5 cultivar always had the highest yield followed by the 00.9 cultivar. Yield differences between varieties varied at each seeding date. Net Return $/ha results followed the same trends as yield. Percent grain protein increased and oil content decreased at later planting dates with differences among varieties the smallest at the latest seeding date. A dry bean field trial was conducted to examine the response of pinto bean to row spacing and plant population. Row spacing was 45- and 76- cm and paired 15-cm rows (centered at 76 cm) with planting rates of 148, 210, and 259K pure live seeds/ha to establish targeted stands of 124, 173 and 223K plants/ha. There was no significant row spacing by plant population interactions among the agronomic traits. The paired 15-cm rows had greater plant stands compared to other row spacing. The 76-cm spacing matured four days earlier compared to the 45-cm and paired rows. Test weight, seed count, and yield were similar among row types. Ratio of established plants compared to seeding rates was 62, 61, and 59 percent for the 123, 173 and 225K planting rates. There was no significant difference between test weight, seed count, or yield between populations although the yield did tread up as the planting rate increased.
Publications
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
NDSU Langdon Research Extension Center. 2019. Annual Research Report No. 94. NDSU Langdon Research Extension Center.
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