Progress 09/01/22 to 08/31/23
Outputs
Target Audience:The targeted audience for the project included undergraduate, graduate students, and postdocs on the training of novel nutrition methods to measure livestock impact on the sustainability of small to medium-sized farms through the regular curriculum for in-class instruction (e.g., Advanced Nutrition Management) and research experiences. The outreach methods included the classroom/lab instruction adding silage making and feed evaluation of craft brewer's spent grains for the curriculum of Advanced Nutrition Management, a section on animal feeding for CABNR-Fit designed for freshmen students, and Nevada Field Day for the attending community. The outreach methods suffered severe disruption due to the COVID-19 pandemic (first and second years mainly), with major events (e.g., Nevada Field Day and CABNR-Fit) being canceled. However, in the third year, we were able to hold producer-oriented symposiums, stakeholder events, beginner farmer and rancher workshops, and extension publications. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?In 2022 and 2023, students, both undergraduate and graduate, were trained in various nutrition methods of fatty acid quantification for regular classes (e.g.: AGSC 406). Specifically, graduate students were trained in statistical analysis, scientific writing, preparation, and presentation of the findings in national conferences. In addition, we organized workshops, field days and educational material for lay public through beginner farmer and ranchers programs. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Through educational programs including classroom instruction, field days, workshops, invited talks and outreach events (e.g.: Nevada Field Day and CabnrFit); Through one-on-one and group training for graduate students and postdoc, regular class instruction for undergraduates and field day for the community; Through publications in peer-reviewed scientific journals. Through presentation on the annual meeting of the American Society of Animal Sciences, publication in peer-reviewed scientific journals, publication of extension fact sheets, trainings through workshops, student recruitment events; Through lectures at events, wokshops, social networks and online meetings with other research groups around the world. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
This thirds year (2022-2023), we focus on presenting the finding of the research, expanding written materials, expanding educational materials and submitting manuscripts. More specifically we performed: • Expansion of chemical and bromatological analysis and spent grains library; • Biological interpretation of non-linear dynamics of rumen fermentation; • Expansion on data mining, statistical pattern analysis, multivariate analysis, statistical and computer modelling; • Expansion of in vitro and in situ screening (digestive kinetics); • Blood sample analysis for metabolic and physiological profiling; • Educational events; • Student recruitment events; • Conference presentations: both undergraduate and graduate students presented their findings at the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Animal Science; • Stakeholder involvement through field days, demonstrations, workshops, etc.; • Publication of Extension fact sheets;
Publications
- Type:
Other
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
ONSECA, M., EMM, S., BISHOP, C. & FRANCO, A. M. (2022) Impacts of Brewers Grains on Beef Cattle Diets. University of Nevada, Reno Extension Fact Sheet. Reno, NV. FS-22-23
- Type:
Other
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
EMM, S. BISHOP, C. & FONSECA, M. (2022). Potential with Using Brewers Grains as a Finishing Product. University of Nevada, Reno Extension Fact Sheet. Reno, NV. FS-22-22
- Type:
Other
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
EMM, S., BISHOP, C. & FONSECA, M. (2022). Brewers Grains as a Feed Source for Livestock. University of Nevada, Reno Extension Fact Sheet. Reno, NV. FS-22-21
- Type:
Other
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
BISHOP, C, EMM, S. & FONSECA, M. (2022). What are Brewers Grains? University of Nevada, Reno Extension Fact Sheet. Reno, NV. FS-22-20
- Type:
Other
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
GAMAGE, N. D. H., GIOTTO, F. M., FONSECA, M. A. DE MELLO, A.S. Dietary Strategies to Improve Veal Production in Nevada. University of Nevada Cooperative Extension FS-19-03, 2022.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
MACIAS-FRANCO, A., SILVA. A. E. M., MOURA, F. H., HURTADO, P., M. A. FONSECA. 2022. Predictive equations to detect the incidence of feedlot bloat in finishing cattle in individual cattle management systems. In: 10th International Workshop on Modeling Nutrient Digestion and Utilization of Farm Animals. Van Milgen, J. et al. (Ed.), Alghero, Italy. p.558-559. doi: 10.1016/j.anscip.2022.07.431
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
MACIAS-FRANCO, A., SILVA. A. E. M., M. A. FONSECA. 2022. O206: Developing data driven models for water intake and feed intake for feedlot Angus x Hereford. In: 7th EAAP International Symposium on Energy and Protein Metabolism and Nutrition. Van Milgen, J. et al. (Ed.), Granada, Spain, p. 508?509. doi: 10.1016/j.anscip.2022.07.216
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
MACIAS FRANCO, A., SILVA, A. E. M., MOURA, F. H. NORRIS, A. B., ROLOSON, S. B., GERRARD, D. E., MELLO, A., M. A. FONSECA. 2023. Effects of isoenergetic supplementation as water use mitigation strategy on water footprint and health of nursing bull calves, Translational Animal Science, Volume 7, Issue 1, 2023, txad127, https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txad127
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
GIOTTO, F., GAMAGE, N. H., MACIAS FRANCO, A., GERRARD, D. G., FONSECA, M.A., A. S. MELLO. Effects of liquid-based diets with breweries grains enriched with isolated starch and fish oil on veal quality. Meat Sci. XX(X): SSS?SSS.
- Type:
Theses/Dissertations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
MACIAS FRANCO, E. C., M. A. FONSECA et al. 2024. Water Usage and Efficiency in Intensive Beef Cattle Systems: Data Driven Sustainable Production. Ph.D. Dissertation. Graduate Program in Animal and Rangeland Sciences. University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, United States.
|
Progress 09/01/19 to 08/31/23
Outputs
Target Audience:The targeted audience for the project included undergraduate, graduate students, and postdocs on the training of novel nutrition methods to measure livestock impact on the sustainability of small to medium-sized farms through the regular curriculum for in-class instruction (e.g., Advanced Nutrition Management) and research experiences. The outreach methods included the classroom/lab instruction adding silage making and feed evaluation of craft brewer's spent grains for the curriculum of Advanced Nutrition Management, a section on animal feeding for CABNR-Fit designed for freshmen students, and Nevada Field Day for the attending community. The outreach methods suffered severe disruption due to the COVID-19 pandemic (first and second years mainly), with major events (e.g., Nevada Field Day and CABNR-Fit) being canceled. However, in the third year, we were able to hold producer-oriented symposiums, stakeholder events, beginner farmer and rancher workshops, and extension publications. Changes/Problems:The problems encountered only impacted the rate of execution or schedule of this project. Initiation on March 2018 have delayed initial plans over starting dates. Since manufacturer can take up to 120 days to build the equipment upon signing the contract, and some no-cost customization have to be made, the equipment was delayed. Other challenges that have delayed the execution of the project in 2018 are associated with major strikes affecting logistics over the transportation to the final destination. Upon arrival, the equipment was transported to Reno to the Nevada Agricultural Experiment Station. Because of overinflated housing market in Reno/Sparks area, third party contractors (plumbers and electricians) were mostly unavailable until the January 2019. Upon finalizing biding for the certified contractors, the field crew started to work on the facilities preparation. Extreme weather conditions (excessive rain, snowfall and wind gusts) have limited the work capacity until end of February 2019 until soil dried out. As of now, facilities are almost ready for final installation and testing and no other major problems are expected. The only limitations on finishing schedule now would weather conditions but a no-cost extension was placed in order to guarantee the execution of the project in the proposed timeline. The targeted audience was trained year-round uninterruptedly until march 2020. This is when restrictions for assessing research facilities prevented the continuation of the regular research and extension schedules. For the first semester of 2020 all activities have had a major delayed caused by the inability to assess facilities (e.g.: laboratories and university buildings) due to university' and state regulations generated by the pandemic limitations. The pandemic has also disrupted the work load of the micro-breweries participating which also had their production schedules disrupted. Challenges in distribution and production of microbrewer's spent grains was severely affected with the global challenges and supply chain disruption brought with the Covid-19 pandemic. Hence, collections of the spent grains have become more difficult due to product availability. Luckily, we were able to collect enough material to run the research needed for fulfilling the objectives herein proposed before the shutdown. Ultimately, with the escalation of the pandemic, administrative hardship was imposed in our personnel. Remote working and multiple instances offices closed due to positive tests for COVID-19 have also delayed our reporting capabilities. Slowly, the situation is resuming to the new normal and the project directors believe that the overall success of the project is independent of what limitations may occur due to the pandemic. Moreover, the project directors believe that the adaptations needed at this point are very feasible to accomplish. In an attempt to preserve the wellbeing of small producers and still be able to address our project long-term goal and supporting objectives of increasing the sustainability of Nevada's small to medium-size livestock producers by increasing their ability to mix feed resources and utilize spent grains, we allocated grain distribution for our experiment to partner producers and we are collecting meat for meat quality analysis as they are harvesting their animals finished with our spent grains of interest. In addition to that, we used a similar diet in our feedlot for one recently finished animal performance trial where we compared the similar grains fed in a diet before undergoing the beer making with the animals fed spent grains. Animals in our experimental feedlot were also implanted or not implanted to answer the question if perceived additional gain of animal performance acquired by using hormonal implants would be a feasible strategy for small producers in order to enhance resource-use efficiency, viability and sustainability of their operations through mixing available feed resources. Our in person meetings had to be postponed given the limitation and policies regulating social gatherings and vacinations disputes. Most of our clientele do not use virtual meetings as alternative to in person. We do expect that, with mandates being lifted, we will be able to have our planned workhips and trainings during the following report period. Ability to meet with producers in person was still limitted as an aftermath of the Covid-19 pandemic and its restrictions in 2022 year. We were still able to produce educational material and training opportunities as conditions allowed. Some resistance in meetting in person was observed, hence, we have shifted some of the planned educational programs to an online format. Programs organized through this project were sucessully accomplished. We have applied for a year no-cost extention in order to provide more educaitonal programs and increase publications for the research performed under the umbrella of this partnership project. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?In 2019, several methods of outreach included classroom/lab instruction (two undergraduate courses in fundamentals of animal nutrition and advanced animal nutrition management: 105 undergraduate students (domestic in the United States), and two graduate courses: Ruminology (domestic in the United States: 6 students) and Rumen fermentation methods (International lecture: 8 students), through field visits (41 undergraduate students, community participation over Nevada Field day with feedlot and cannulated animal tours with approximately 75 stakeholders/community members during Nevada Field Day), workshops for producers outreach with the partnership of University of Nevada Cooperative Extension (14 workshops since initiation of the project for roughly 200 producers per year over the course two years), change in undergraduate curriculum (included water nutrition in 3 courses). Additionally, other invited talks including one international presentation given as keynote speaker in the largest and most important international symposium of beef cattle production in Brazil with participation of over 470 people including multicultural participants representing scientific community, academia and stakeholders producing science-based knowledge generated with this project for scientific community. During 2020of the projects the personnel involved (targeted audience) were able to advance their professional skills and experience on nutrition methods which include chemical evaluation of the spent grains, in vitro evaluation to assess nutritional value and in situ evaluation for estimation of degradation profiles of these craft brewers' spent products. The professional development of the postdoc was ultimately successful with this person being able to move forward in academia and start a new role as a faculty in another institution. In 2021, 2022 and 2023, students, both undergraduate and graduate, were trained in various nutrition methods of fatty acid quantification for regular classes (e.g.: AGSC 406). Specifically, graduate students were trained in statistical analysis, scientific writing, preparation, and presentation of the findings in national conferences. In addition, we organized workshops, field days and educational material for lay public through beginner farmer and ranchers programs. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Through educational programs including classroom instruction, field days, workshops, invited talks and outreach events (e.g.: Nevada Field Day and CabnrFit); Through one-on-one and group training for graduate students and postdoc, regular class instruction for undergraduates and field day for the community; Through publications in peer-reviewed scientific journals. Through presentation on the annual meeting of the American Society of Animal Sciences, publication in peer-reviewed scientific journals, publication of extension fact sheets, trainings through workshops, student recruitment events; Through lectures at events, wokshops, social networks and online meetings with other research groups around the world. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
In 2019 year, the system was constructed due to unforeseen circumstances. A no-cost extension was first sent in December 2018. The research started by the end of the Spring semester of 2019. In first year of the project execution (2020), • We contributed to a change of knowledge by increasing knowledge in feeding management and how to combine craft brewers' spent grains with on-farm resources based on the uniqueness of those products; • We have also increased the knowledge regarding the nutritional values of craft brewers' spent grains as well as advanced our basic and applied knowledge on the enhancement of nutrient utilization of these products; • We collected brewers' spent grains from all breweries available in the Reno-Sparks metro area and performed chemical analysis and nutrient characterization building a library guideline for producers who want to utilize brewer's spent grains in their farm operation and to facilitate networking among potential feed suppliers (Brewery owners and producers); • We developed and compared different drying mechanisms to increase shelf -life of collected products due to risk of spoilage. Overall, we compared conventional oven drying, draft oven drying, and air drying techniques; • We have also used the composition of the grains utilized for producing the many beer varieties to generate about 20 nutrient clusters that will help nutritionists while performing precision diet formulation to optimize the objectives of their nutrition plan; • Roughly 30 varietals were used to generate these multivariate clustering using unsupervised machine learning algorithms. By using K-means clustering, and hierarchical clustering we narrowed the proximate analysis to four main clustering criterion: neutral detergent fiber (NDF), ether extract (EE), crude protein (CP), and non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC); • Respectively, we selected these nutrients due to their representation as fibrous feed, lipid feed, protein feed, and soluble carbohydrate as they would be fundamental in characterizing what kind of nutrients one could use craft brewer's spent grains to suffice or define strategies for customize feeding; • Data were analyzed with both K means and hierarchical clustering. Validation of clusters was evaluated in both clustering methods. With regards to hierarchical clustering, both the DIANA and the AGNES algorithms were generated and compared through tanglegram (comparison of two dendograms); • Clustering algorithms generated extremely varied groupings with only 18% of the grain styles being classified similarly which supports the hypothesis that indeed there is a considerable variability among craft brewery spent products and that one could use these variations to customize their animal's products that could be potentially marketed in this fashion. Both K-means, clustering and hierarchical clustering were reported, and both methods appear to be acceptable; • Based upon these findings the next round of nutritional evaluations has commenced with the combination of other available local resources; • The results from these clusters will further allow the examination of fermentative characteristics from the different nutrient clusters generated, and lastly will help us formulate diets for feeding trials. In the second year of the project (2021), most of the experiments were started and completed and the laboratory analyzes were carried out. Below we describe the main activities carried out: • Expansion of chemical and bromatological analysis and spent grains library; • Biological interpretation of non-linear dynamics of rumen fermentation; • Expansion on data mining, statistical pattern analysis, multivariate analysis, statistical and computer modeling; • Expansion of in vitro and in situ screening (digestive kinetics); • Finished collections on intake (dry matter and water), orts, days on feed; • Apparent digestibility (Fecal and urine collections), animal performance field trial (data on: body weight gain, feed; conversion and efficiency, days on feed, average daily gain, gain composition, growth prediction, biometric measures, image analysis, ultrasound, carcass quality, yield evaluation, etc.); • Blood sample collection for metabolic and physiological profiling; • Training/execution: Long-chain fatty acid analysis of grains evaluation in two gas chromatograph systems for method development; • Optimized method for 35-minute analysis of all LCFA's of interest developed and adopted, near half-time improvement from previous method (70 Minutes, AOAC Method 996.06); • 37 fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), including methyl linoleate detectable under this procedure • Animal Receival, backgrounding grass-fed experiment; • Implementation of additional clustering technique in principal components hierarchical clustering (PCHC) to determine nutrient groups of interest (PC) that can be clustered (HC) to examine grouping techniques better; • Animal procurement, backgrounding, and Preparation for performance experiment • Purchasing implants to be used for animals in the animal trial; • Development of hierarchical cluster analysis of the principal components (HCPC) clusters comparing FAME PC HC to; nutrient composition from proximate analysis HCPC from grain cluster varietals • Determined energy variation observed lead to different clusters generated from the analysis based on FAME analysis; • Animal Trial adaptation to facilities; • Formulation of diets to match grains with microbrewer's spent grains incorporation; • Manuscript Preparation; • Animal trial adaptation of animals; • Purchasing and Preparation of diet; • Purchasing collection materials for experiment (biopsy materials, chemicals for analysis, vacutainers, rumen fluid; • Built In-vitro gastric digestion system, and gassing chamber for in-vitro analysis of brewer's grains clusters; • Begin intensive experimental phase and facility preparation; • Build In-vitro gastric digestion system, and gassing chamber for in-vitro analysis of brewer's grains clusters; • Manuscript Submitted for principal component hierarchical cluster analysis of microbrewer's spent grains from proximate chemistry: "Macias-Franco, A., Silva, A.E.M., Moura, M., F.H., A. de Mello, Fonseca, M., 2021. Animal Feed Science and Technology. Classification of spent microbreweries grains varietals through multivariate analysis (submitted May 2021, being expanded as of November 2021)." This thirds year (2022), we focus on presenting the finding of the research, expanding written materials, expanding educational materials and submitting manuscripts. More specifically we performed: • Expansion of chemical and bromatological analysis and spent grains library; • Biological interpretation of non-linear dynamics of rumen fermentation; • Expansion on data mining, statistical pattern analysis, multivariate analysis, statistical and computer modelling; • Expansion of in vitro and in situ screening (digestive kinetics); • Blood sample analysis for metabolic and physiological profiling; • Educational events; • Student recruitment events; • Conference presentations: both undergraduate and graduate students presented their findings at the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Animal Science; • Stakeholder involvement through field days, demonstrations, workshops, etc.; • Publication of Extension fact sheets;
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
BARNEY, A. L., MACIAS FRANCO, A., SILVA, A. E. M., DE MOURA, F. H., M. A. FONSECA .2022. PSIX-14- The influence of Previous Plane of Nutrition on Feedlot Performance, Water Intake and Carcass Characteristics of Beef Steers. J. Anim. Sci. Vol 100, 366-367, Suppl. S3. https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac247.669
- Type:
Other
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
FONSECA, M., EMM, S., BISHOP, C. & FRANCO, A. M. (2022) Impacts of Brewers Grains on Beef Cattle Diets. University of Nevada, Reno Extension Fact Sheet. Reno, NV. FS-22-23
- Type:
Other
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
EMM, S. BISHOP, C. & FONSECA, M. (2022). Potential with Using Brewers Grains as a Finishing Product. University of Nevada, Reno Extension Fact Sheet. Reno, NV. FS-22-22
- Type:
Other
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
EMM, S., BISHOP, C. & FONSECA, M. (2022). Brewers Grains as a Feed Source for Livestock. University of Nevada, Reno Extension Fact Sheet. Reno, NV. FS-22-21
- Type:
Other
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
BISHOP, C, EMM, S. & FONSECA, M. (2022). What are Brewers Grains? University of Nevada, Reno Extension Fact Sheet. Reno, NV. FS-22-20
- Type:
Other
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
GAMAGE, N. D. H., GIOTTO, F. M., FONSECA, M. A. DE MELLO, A.S. Dietary Strategies to Improve Veal Production in Nevada. University of Nevada Cooperative Extension FS-19-03, 2022.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
MACIAS-FRANCO, A., SILVA. A. E. M., MOURA, F. H., HURTADO, P., M. A. FONSECA. 2022. Predictive equations to detect the incidence of feedlot bloat in finishing cattle in individual cattle management systems. In: 10th International Workshop on Modeling Nutrient Digestion and Utilization of Farm Animals. Van Milgen, J. et al. (Ed.), Alghero, Italy. p.558-559. doi: 10.1016/j.anscip.2022.07.431
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
MACIAS-FRANCO, A., SILVA. A. E. M., M. A. FONSECA. 2022. O206: Developing data driven models for water intake and feed intake for feedlot Angus x Hereford. In: 7th EAAP International Symposium on Energy and Protein Metabolism and Nutrition. Van Milgen, J. et al. (Ed.), Granada, Spain, p. 508?509. doi: 10.1016/j.anscip.2022.07.216
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
MACIAS FRANCO, A., SILVA, A. E. M., MOURA, F. H. NORRIS, A. B., ROLOSON, S. B., GERRARD, D. E., MELLO, A., M. A. FONSECA. 2023. Effects of isoenergetic supplementation as water use mitigation strategy on water footprint and health of nursing bull calves, Translational Animal Science, Volume 7, Issue 1, 2023, txad127, https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txad127
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
GIOTTO, F., GAMAGE, N. H., MACIAS FRANCO, A., GERRARD, D. G., FONSECA, M.A., A. S. MELLO. Effects of liquid-based diets with breweries grains enriched with isolated starch and fish oil on veal quality. Meat Sci. XX(X): SSS?SSS.
- Type:
Theses/Dissertations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
MACIAS FRANCO, E. C., M. A. FONSECA et al. 2024. Water Usage and Efficiency in Intensive Beef Cattle Systems: Data Driven Sustainable Production. Ph.D. Dissertation. Graduate Program in Animal and Rangeland Sciences. University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, United States.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Arturo Macias Franco, Aghata Elins Moreira da Silva, Felipe Henrique de Moura, Karin Van den Broek, Aaron B Norris, Serena Breanne Roloson, Morgan Valcheck, Mozart Fonseca, PSXIII-9 Effects of lipid and starch isoenergetic supplementation as mitigation techniques on water footprint and health of nursing Holstein calves, Journal of Animal Science, Volume 99, Issue Supplement_3, November 2021, Pages 462463, https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab235.821
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
MACIAS-FRANCO, A., SILVA, A. E. M., MOURA, F. H., NORRIS, A. B., VAN DEN BROEK, K., VALCHECK, M., MELLO, A., FONSECA, M. A. 2021. Effects of lipid and starch supplementation as water intake mitigation techniques on performance and efficiency of Nursing Holstein Calves. Translational Animal Science, txab103, https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txab103
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
MACIAS FRANCO, A., SILVA, A. E. M., DE MOURA, F. H., VAN DEN BROEK, K. NORRIS, A. B., ROLOSON, S. B., VALCHECK, M. M. A. FONSECA .2021. PSXIII-9- Effects of Lipid and Starch Isoenergetic Supplementation as Mitigation Techniques on Water Footprint and Health of Nursing Holstein Calves. Anim. Sci. Vol 99, 402-403, E?Suppl. 3. https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab235.821
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
ROCKWELL, M. L., MACIAS FRANCO, A., SILVA, A. E. M., M. A. FONSECA. 2022. PSVIII-14- Investigating Variability of Spent Craft Microbreweries Grains for Classification and Incorporation into Diet Formulation Through Multivariate Analysis. J. Anim. Sci. Vol 100, 392-392, Suppl. S3. https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac247.716
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
BRODY, T., MACIAS FRANCO, A., SILVA, A. E. M., M. A. FONSECA .2022. PSVII-15- Evaluation of the Effects of Hormonal Implants on Efficiency, and Water Footprint of Feedlot Steers. J. Anim. Sci. Vol 100, 387-388, Suppl. S3. https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac247.708
|
Progress 09/01/21 to 08/31/22
Outputs
Target Audience:The target audience for the third year of the project included undergraduate and graduate students (master's and doctoral students) who were trained in nutrition methods to measure livestock impact on the sustainability of small to medium-sized farms through the regular curriculum for class instruction (e.g., Advanced Nutrition Management) and research experiences. The outreach componentwas still impacted due to the COVID-19 pandemic but we were able to hold producer-oriented symposiums, stakeholder events, beginner farmer and ranchers workshops ans extension publications. Changes/Problems:Ability to meet with producers in person was still limitted as an aftermathof the Covid-19 pandemic and its restrictions. We were still able to produce educational material and training opportunities as conditions allowed. Some resistancein meetting in person was observed, hence, wehave shifted some of the planned educational programs to an online format. Programs organized through this project were sucessully accomplished. We have applied for a year no-cost extention in order to provide more educaitonal programs and increase publications for the research performed under the umbrella of this partnership project. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Students, both undergraduate and graduate, were trained in various nutrition methods of fatty acid quantification for regular classes (e.g.: AGSC 406). Specifically, graduate students were trained in statistical analysis, scientific writing, preparation and presentation of the findings in national conferences. We organized worshops, fielddays and educational material for lay public through beginner farmer and ranchers programs. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Presentation on the annual meeting of the American Society of Animal Sciences, publication in peer-reviewed scientific journals, publication of extension fact sheets, trainings through workshops, student recruitment events. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?• Writingmanuscripts and submit them for peer review. • Present the data generated in this project at the American Society of Animal Science annual meeting. • Identify perceptions and attitudes and if small to medium-sized beef producers believe they can utilize brewers' grains. • Graduating graduate students supported by this project. • Final reporting.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
This thirds year we focus on presenting the finding of the research, expanding written materials, expanding educational materials and submitting manuscripts. More specifically we performed: Expansion of chemical and bromatological analysis and spent grains library; Biological interpretation of non-linear dynamics of rumen fermentation; Expansion on data mining, statistical pattern analysis, multivariate analysis, statistical and computer modelling; Expansion of in vitro and in situ screening (digestive kinetics); Blood sample analysis for metabolic and physiological profiling; Educational events; Student recruitment events; Conference presentations: both undergraduate and graduate students presented their findings at the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Animal Science; Stakeholder involvement through field days, demonstrations, workshops, etc.; Publication of Extension fact sheets;
Publications
- Type:
Other
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
BISHOP, C, EMM, S. & FONSECA, M. (2022). What are Brewers Grains? University of Nevada, Reno Extension Fact Sheet. Reno, NV. FS-22-20
- Type:
Other
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
GAMAGE, N. D. H., GIOTTO, F. M., FONSECA, M. A. DE MELLO, A.S. Dietary Strategies to Improve Veal Production in Nevada. University of Nevada Cooperative Extension FS-19-03, 2022.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
BRODY, T., MACIAS FRANCO, A., SILVA, A. E. M., M. A. FONSECA .2022. PSVII-15- Evaluation of the Effects of Hormonal Implants on Efficiency, and Water Footprint of Feedlot Steers. J. Anim. Sci. Vol 100, 387-388, Suppl. S3. https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac247.708
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
BARNEY, A. L., MACIAS FRANCO, A., SILVA, A. E. M., DE MOURA, F. H., M. A. FONSECA .2022. PSIX-14- The influence of Previous Plane of Nutrition on Feedlot Performance, Water Intake and Carcass Characteristics of Beef Steers. J. Anim. Sci. Vol 100, 366-367, Suppl. S3. https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac247.669
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
MACIAS FRANCO, A., SILVA, A. E. M., DE MOURA, F. H., VAN DEN BROEK, K. NORRIS, A. B., ROLOSON, S. B., VALCHECK, M. M. A. FONSECA .2021. PSXIII-9- Effects of Lipid and Starch Isoenergetic Supplementation as Mitigation Techniques on Water Footprint and Health of Nursing Holstein Calves. Anim. Sci. Vol 99, 402-403, E?Suppl. 3. https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab235.821
- Type:
Other
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
FONSECA, M., EMM, S., BISHOP, C. & FRANCO, A. M. (2022) Impacts of Brewers Grains on Beef Cattle Diets. University of Nevada, Reno Extension Fact Sheet. Reno, NV. FS-22-23
- Type:
Other
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
EMM, S. BISHOP, C. & FONSECA, M. (2022). Potential with Using Brewers Grains as a Finishing Product. University of Nevada, Reno Extension Fact Sheet. Reno, NV. FS-22-22
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
ROCKWELL, M. L., MACIAS FRANCO, A., SILVA, A. E. M., M. A. FONSECA. 2022. PSVIII-14- Investigating Variability of Spent Craft Microbreweries Grains for Classification and Incorporation into Diet Formulation Through Multivariate Analysis. J. Anim. Sci. Vol 100, 392-392, Suppl. S3. https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac247.716
- Type:
Other
Status:
Awaiting Publication
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
EMM, S., BISHOP, C. & FONSECA, M. (2022). Brewers Grains as a Feed Source for Livestock. University of Nevada, Reno Extension Fact Sheet. Reno, NV. FS-22-21
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Progress 09/01/20 to 08/31/21
Outputs
Target Audience:The target audience for the second year of the project included undegraduate and graduate students that were trainned innutrition methods to measure livestock impact on sistainability of small to medium sized farms through regular curriculum for in class intruction(e.g.: Advanced Nutrition Management) and research experiences. The outreach methods suffered severed disruption do to the COVID-19 pandemic withmajor events (e.g.: Nevada Field Day and CABNR-Fit) being cancelled. Changes/Problems:Challenges in distribution and production of microbrewer's spent grains was severely affected with the global challenges and supply chain disruption brought with the Covid-19 pandemic. In an attempt to preserve the wellbeing of small producers and still be able to address our project long-term goal and supporting objectives of increasing the sustainability of Nevada's small to medium-size livestock producers by increasing their ability to mix feed resources and utilize spent grains, we allocated grain distribution for our experiment to partner producers and we are collecting meat for meat quality analysis as they are harvesting their animals finished with our spent grains of interest. In addition to that, we used a similar diet in our feedlot for one recently finished animal performance trial where we compared the similar grains fed in a diet before undergoing the beer making with the animals fed spent grains. Animals in our experimental feedlot were also implanted or not implanted to answer the question if perceived additional gain of animal performance acquired by using hormonal implants would be a feasible strategy for small producers in order to enhance resource-use efficiency, viability and sustainability of their operations through mixing available feed resources. Our in person meetings had to be postponed given the limitation and policies regulating social gatherings and vacinations disputes. Most of our clientele do not use virtual meetings as alternative to in person. We do expect that, with mandates being lifted, we will be able to have our planned workhips and trainings during the following report period. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Students both undergraduate and graduate were trainned in a varietal of nutrition methods pertaining to fatty acid quantification. Specifically, graduate students were trainned in field trials and laboratory procedures. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Presentation on the annual meeting of the American Society of Animal Sciences, publication in peer-reviewed scientific journals. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Expand data regarding digestive characteristics spent grain by products and on-farm resources for animal growth performance Expand data regarding effectiveness of utilization of spent grains and on-farm feeding resources available for animal feeding Determine the effects of feeding brewers' grains and on-farm resources on sensory attributes, color stability, lipid oxidation, and lipid and fatty acid content. Writing manuscripts and submission for peer review. Present the data generated in this projectat the annual meeting of the American Society of Animal Science. Identify perceptions and attitudes and if small to medium sized beef producers believe they have the ability to utilize brewers' grains. Meet withadvisory group that will design spent grain and on-farm resources feeding mixes. Expand relationships between Microbreweries and small to medium sized farm beef producers. Expand data on enterprise budgets utilizing on-farm feeding resources and brewers' grains Educate producers on cuts and ability to supply grow-local markets that will be created by utilizing brewers' grains.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
For this reporting period we have performed: Expansion of chemical and bromatological analysis and spent grains library Biological interpretation of non-linear dynamics of rumen fermentation Expansion on data mining, statistical pattern analysis, multivariate analysis, statistical and computer modelling Expansion of in vitro and in situ screening (digestive kinetics) Finished collections on intake (dry matter and water), orts, days on feed Apparent digestibility (Fecal and urine collections), animal performance field trial (data on: body weight gain, feed conversion and efficiency, days on feed, average daily gain, composition of gain, prediction of growth, biometric measures, image analysis, ultrasound,carcass quality and yield evaluation,etc.) Blood sample collection for metabolic and physiological profiling Specifically, the year-round schedule of activities was as follows: September 2020 ~ Training/execution: Long chain fatty acid analysis of grains evaluation in two gas chromatograph systems for method development October 2020 ~ Training/execution: Long chain fatty acid analysis of grains evaluation in two gas chromatograph systems for method development November 2020 ~ Training: Long chain fatty acid analysis of grains evaluation in two gas chromatograph systems for method development Optimized method for 35-minute analysis of all LCFA's of interest developed and adopted, near half time improvement from previous method (70 Minutes, AOAC Method 996.06) 37 fatty acid methyl esters (FAME)including methyl linoleate detectable under this procedure December 2020 ~ Animal Receival, backgrounding grass-fed experiment Implementation of additional clustering technique in principal components hierarchical clustering (PCHC) to determine nutrient groups of interest (PC) that can be clustered (HC) to better examine grouping techniques January 2021 ~ Animal procurement, backgrounding and preparation for performance experiment Purchasing implants to be used for animals in the animal trial Development of hierarchical cluster analysis of the principal components (HCPC) clusters comparing FAME PC HC to nutrient composition from proximate analysis HCPC from grain cluster varietals Determined energy variation observed lead to different clusters generated from the analysis based on FAME analysis February 2021 ~ Animal Trial adaptation to facilities Formulation of diets to match grains with microbrewer's spent grains incorporation March 2021 ~ Manuscript Preparation Animal trial adaptation of animals purchasing and preparation of diet purchasing collection materials for experiment (biopsy materials, chemicals for analysis, vacutainers, rumen fluid collection sampling system, ...) BuiltIn-vitro gastric digestion system, and gassing chamber for in-vitro analysis of brewer's grains clusters April 2021 ~ Manuscript Preparation Begin intensive experimental phase and facility preparation Build In-vitro gastric digestion system, and gassing chamber for in-vitro analysis of brewer's grains clusters May 2021 ~ Manuscript Submitted for principal component hierarchical cluster analysis of microbrewer's spent grains from proximate chemistry. Macias-Franco, A., Silva, A.E.M., Moura, M., F.H., A. de Mello, Fonseca, M., 2021. Animal Feed Science and Technology. Classification of spent microbreweries grains varietals through multivariate analysis (submitted May 2021, being expanded as of November 2021). Experimental period for animal performance trial Build In-vitro monogastric system, and gassing chamber for in-vitro analysis of brewer's grains clusters June 2021 ~ Experimental period for animal performance trial Build In-vitro monogastric system, and gassing chamber for in-vitro analysis of brewer's grains clusters July 2021 ~ Experimental period for field trials and collections August 2021 ~ Experimental period for field trials and collections
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Arturo Macias Franco, Aghata Elins Moreira da Silva, Felipe Henrique de Moura, Karin Van den Broek, Aaron B Norris, Serena Breanne Roloson, Morgan Valcheck, Mozart Fonseca, PSXIII-9 Effects of lipid and starch isoenergetic supplementation as mitigation techniques on water footprint and health of nursing Holstein calves, Journal of Animal Science, Volume 99, Issue Supplement_3, November 2021, Pages 462⿿463, https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab235.821
https://www.eventscribe.net/2021/ASASAnnual/posterspeakers.asp?pfp=BrowsebySpeaker
Acknowledgement available in the published poster. Login is required.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
MACIAS-FRANCO, A., SILVA, A. E. M., MOURA, F. H., NORRIS, A. B., VAN DEN BROEK, K., VALCHECK, M., MELLO, A., FONSECA, M. A. 2021. Effects of lipid and starch supplementation as water intake mitigation techniques on performance and efficiency of Nursing Holstein Calves. Translational Animal Science, txab103, https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txab103
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