NUTRIENT BIOAVAILABILITY--PHYTONUTRIENTS AND BEYOND

• Sponsoring Institution: National Institute of Food and Agriculture
• Project Status: COMPLETE
• Funding Source: HATCH
• Reporting Frequency: Annual
• Accession No.: 1018779
• Multistate No.: W-4002
• Project Start Date: Feb 11, 2019
• Project End Date: Sep 30, 2023
• Program Code: [(N/A)]- (N/A)

Recipient Organization
OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY
(N/A)
STILLWATER,OK 74078

Performing Department
Human Sciences

Non Technical Summary
Over the next several decades, aging and age-related health problems are expected to present some of the most significant global health challenges of our time.Currently, in Oklahoma, 15% of the population is 65 years of age and older, which suggests that by 2050 we will likely exceed the WHO projections. As the age demographic shifts to a higher percentage of older adults, there is a high likelihood that Oklahoma will experience a dramatic increase in age-related diseases.The WHO has identified musculoskeletal health as a major threat to healthy aging, both in developed and developing countries. The ability to maintain a physically active lifestyle is a major determinant of long-term health and disease prevention. Regular physical activity is known to reduce the risk for the most common chronic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, osteoporosis, Alzheimer's disease and various forms of cancer in older adults. An essential component of maintaining an active lifestyle is the preservation of a healthy musculoskeletal system. Peak bone mass and lean muscle mass are typically achieved in a person's late teenage years or early twenties. The decline in muscle mass and function, a condition known as age-related sarcopenia, usually begins in the 4th decade of life. Bone loss follows, beginning in the 5th decade and can lead to osteopenia. This loss of muscle and bone mass which is known as osteosarcopenia can have significant health consequences due to the decline in strength, endurance, and mobility. Thus, there is a growing emphasis worldwide on maintaining musculoskeletal health as a means to reduce the overall impact of chronic disease.

Animal Health Component

(N/A)

Research Effort Categories

Basic

100%

Applied

(N/A)

Developmental

(N/A)

Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)	Subject of Investigation (SOI)	Field of Science (FOS)	Percent
702	5010	1010	100%

Knowledge Area
702 - Requirements and Function of Nutrients and Other Food Components;

Subject Of Investigation
5010 - Food;

Field Of Science
1010 - Nutrition and metabolism;

Keywords

carotenoids

mitochondria

mice

type 2 diabetes

gut microbiome

Goals / Objectives
Determine the bioavailability (absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination) of nutrients and bioactive food components. Determine the efficacy and mechanisms of action of nutrients and dietary bioactive compounds towards improved health.

Project Methods
Researcherswill largely use wild type and knockout mice to determine the food such as watermelon and bioactive carotenoids, for example, astaxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, and lycopene prevent and/or slow down the progress of type 2 diabetes, by targeting mitochondrial function and oxidative stress. Carotenoid metabolites will be measured by HPLC and MS/MS. In addition, we will examine the changes of gut microbiome and gut structure in mice by 16s rRNA sequencing and histology.

Progress 10/01/19 to 09/30/20

Outputs
Target Audience:The target audience during this period is nutrition professionals, including students, faculty, and others in human health. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Supported two Ph.D. students. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Through publications and presentations in the scientific meetings. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Continuous working on carotenoids in the gut and how they impact mitochondrial signaling in the host cells.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Goal 1: Determine the bioavailability (absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination) of nutrients and bioactive food components.-- We analyzed the absorption and accumulation of zeaxanthin and lycopene as bioactive carotenoids in two separate mouse feeding studies. The relevant manuscripts are under preparation for publication Goal 2: Determine the efficacy and mechanisms of action of nutrients and dietary bioactive compounds towards improved health.-- We also tested the health beneficial effect of those carotenoids and their metabolic enzyme BCO2 (beta-carotene oxygenase 2) in mitochondrial respiration and signaling, gut microbiome homeostasis shift, tight junction, and gut and systemic oxidative stress to elucidate the protective roles of carotenoids in health and inflammation. Two manuscripts were published in the period of the report.

Publications

• Type: Book Chapters Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Lei Wu, Dingbo Lin. 2019. Molecular aspects of carotenoid metabolizing enzymes and implications for ophthalmology. In: Ronald R. Watson and Victor R. Preedy (editor-in-chief), Handbook of Nutrition, Diet, and the Eye, 2nd edition, pp415-424 (Chapter 25). Elsevier Inc
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Peiran Lu, Siau Yen Wong, Lei Wu, Dingbo Lin. 2020. Carotenoid metabolism in mitochondrial function. Food Quality and Safety, Volume 4, Issue 3, August 2020, Pages 115122, https://doi.org/10.1093/fqsafe/fyaa023
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Lei Wu, Yi Lyu, Ramkumar Srinivasagan, Jinlong Wu, Babajide Ojo, Minghua Tang, Guadalupe Davilla El-Rassi, Katherine Metzinger, Brenda J Smith, Edralin A Lucas, Stephen L Clarke, Winyoo Chowanadisai, Xinchun Shen, Hui He, Tyrrell Conway, Johannes von Lintig, Dingbo Lin. 2020. Astaxanthin-shifted gut microbiota is associated with inflammation and metabolic homeostasis in mice. J Nutr. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxaa222
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Ryan Greenway, Nick Barts, Chathurika Henpita, Anthony P. Brown, Lenin Arias Rodriguez, Carlos Rodr�guez Pe�a, Sabine Arndt, Gigi Y. Lau, Michael P. Murphy, Lei Wu, Dingbo Lin, Michael Tobler, Joanna L. Kelley, Jennifer H. Shaw. 2020. Convergent evolution of conserved mitochondrial pathways underlies repeated adaptation to extreme environments. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020 Jun 25:202004223. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2004223117. Online ahead of print.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Morgan D. Strong, Matthew D. Hart, Tony Z. Tang, Babajide A. Ojo, Lei Wu, Mariah R. Nacke, Workneh T. Agidew, Hong J. Hwang, Peter R. Hoyt, Ahmed Bettaieb, Stephen L. Clarke, Brenda J. Smith, Barbara J. Stoecker, Edralin A. Lucas, Dingbo Lin, Winyoo Chowanadisai. 2020. Role of zinc transporter ZIP12 in susceptibility-weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) phenotypes and mitochondrial function. FASEB J. 2020 Jul 27. doi: 10.1096/fj.202000772R. Online ahead of print.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Siau Yen Wong, Rick F. Nelson, Peiran Lu, Henry Paulson, Dingbo Lin. 2020. Comment on Liu et al. Aberrant Expression of FBXO2 Disrupts Glucose Homeostasis Through Ubiquitin-Mediated Degradation of Insulin Receptor in Obese Mice. Diabetes 2017;66:689698. Diabetes 2020, 69:e1. DOI: 10.2337/db19-0975

Progress 02/11/19 to 09/30/19

Outputs
Target Audience:The target audience during this reporting period is to students, nutrition professionals, and the public/lay person. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?During the reporting period I have communicated with my peers, had collaborations with other institutes and trainedseveral graduate students. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?I have done several presentations in nutrition and had related meetings while also publishing the results in scientific journals. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Work will continue with students, collaborators, and other peers in the proposed research. I plan to publish more papers and deliver presentations to the community.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Determine the bioavailability (absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination) of nutrients and bioactive food components.--We analysed the absorption and accumulation of astaxanthin as a bioactive carotenoid in a mouse feeding study. The manuscript is currently under reviewDetermine the efficacy and mechanisms of action of nutrients and dietary bioactive compounds towards improved health.-- We also tested the health beneficial effect of astaxanthin in gut microbiome homeostasis shift, tight junction, and hepatic oxidative stress to elucidate the protective role of astaxanthin in health and inflammation.?

Publications

• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Babajide A Ojo, Crystal OHara, Lei Wu, Guadalupe Davila El-Rassi, Jerry W Ritchey, Winyoo Chowanadisai, Dingbo Lin, Brenda J Smith, and Edralin A Lucas. 2019. Wheat germ supplementation increases Lactobacillaceae and promotes an anti-inflammatory gut milieu in C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat, high-sucrose diet. J Nutr. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxz061
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Shan Li, Junhui Li, Guizhu Mao, Tiantian Wu, Dingbo Lin, Yaqin Hu, XIngqian Ye, Dingb Tian, Wengang Chai, Robert J. Linhardt, Shiguo Chen. 2019. Fucosylated chondroitin sulfate from Isostichopus badionotus alleviates metabolic symdromes and gut microbiota dysbiosis induced by high-fat and high-fructose diet. Intl J Biol Macromol. 2019, 124:377-388
• Type: Book Chapters Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Lei Wu, Dingbo Lin. 2019. Molecular aspects of carotenoid metabolizing enzymes and implications for ophthalmology. In: Ronald R. Watson and Victor R. Preedy (editor-in-chief), Handbook of Nutrition, Diet, and the Eye, 2nd edition, pp415-424 (Chapter 25). Elsevier Inc