Progress 10/01/20 to 09/30/21
Outputs
Target Audience:Dairy producers, veterinarians, allied industry professionals, and undergraduate, professional, andgraduate students. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?One MS student conducted thesis research. Several undergraduate and professional students were engaged in research projects. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Presented at Mastitis Research Workers conference Nov 2021 and National Mastitis Council Annual Meeting Jan 2022. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?OBJECTIVE 1: Characterize host mechanisms and pathogenic virulence factors associated with mastitis susceptibility and resistance to improve economic outcomes and animal welfare. We will be investigating the antibacterial activity of Staphylococcus chromogenes isolates originating from dairy cattle, specifically looking at their in vitro ability to inhibit growth of Gram-positive mastitis pathogens. We will also begin a collaborative project with the University of Vermont, working to do whole genome sequencing and strain typing of S. chromogenes isolates, looking to determine genetic determinants of phenotypic behavior.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
OBJECTIVE 1: Characterize host mechanisms and pathogenic virulence factors associated with mastitis susceptibility and resistance to improve economic outcomes and animal welfare. Ongoing collaborations with University of Montreal and University of Calgary to better define the role of non-aureus staphylococci in bovine mastitis. A collaboration with the University of Maryland has been established to evaluate big-data genomics to improve dairy cattle health, including investigating mastitis resistance. ?OBJECTIVE 2: Assess and apply new technologies that advance mastitis control, milk quality and/or dairy food safety. Collaborated with University of Montreal and other NE-1748 stations in the U.S. on work led by Simon Dufour and Daryna Kurban (University of Montreal) to define intramammary infection using MALDI-TOF identification of bacteria isolated from bovine milk samples. Studied the prevalence of mastitis pathogens in Jersey cattle and their association with subclinical mastitis. OBJECTIVE 3: Identify and apply new strategies associated with the control of mastitis that can reduce the use of antibiotics in dairy herds. Co-authorship on invited reviews led by Herman Barkema and his team at University of Calgary on selective dry cow therapy and selective treatment of clinical mastitis along with authors from other NE-1748 stations in the U.S.A, Canada, and Europe.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Resendiz-Biermaier K5, Ringen DR, Middleton JR. 2021. Epidemiology of staphylococcal mastitis in primiparous heifers on a pasture-based dairy. Proceedings of the 43rd Annual CVM Research Day. May 7, 2021. Abstract #48.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Adkins PRF. Heat stress and the microbiome of dairy cows. American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine Annual Forum, June, 2021
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Progress 10/01/19 to 09/30/20
Outputs
Target Audience:Dairy farmers, veterinarians, allied dairy industry personnel, graduate students, and students. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Work conducted in the last year contributed to the Masters thesis of one graduate student. This work also contributed to the summer research programs of two veterinary professional students who presented results a the National Veterinary Research Scholar's Symposium and one presented at the National Mastitis Council annual meeting. Data was alos presented at the Mastitis Research Worker's Conference. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Posters and presentations most with published abstracts or proceedingswere presented at the National Veterinary Research Scholars Symposium, the National Mastitis Council annual meeting, and the Mastitis Research Worker's Conference. Peer-reviewed journal articles. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We will continue to contribute to the goals an objectives of the project. Current work includes longitudinal evaluation of intramammary infections and somatic cell countin Jersey cattle, and evaluation of the association between bacteria identified using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and milk somatic cell count to determine which bacterial genera and species are likely mastitis pathogens. The latter forms part of a collaboaration with the Canadian Mastitis Network who are also members of the NE-1748.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
We finalized work looking atstaphylococcal intramammary infections in dairy goats. Associations between staphylococcal species, somatic cell count and persistence of infection during lactation and over the dry period were found. We showed an association between the use of intramammary pirlimycin and short term changes in the fecal micrbiome of dairy cattle being treated for staphylococcal intramammary infections. Wedemonstrated an association between teat end preparation teachniques and contamination of milk samples collected for milk culture with more contaminants being present when teats were not scrubbed with alcohol prior to sample collection.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Bernier Gosselin V, Dufour S, Middleton JR. 2020. Association between species-specific staphylococcal intramammary infection and milk somatic cell score over time in dairy goats. Prev Vet Med. Jan 174:104815
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Adkins PRF, Ericsson A, Middleton JR, Witzke M. 2020. The effect of intramammary pirlimycin hydrochloride on the fecal microbiome of early lactation heifers. J Dairy Sci. 103(4):3459-3469
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Wattenburger K, Schmidt R, Placheta L, Middleton JR, Adkins PRF. 2020. Evaluation of four different teat disinfection methods prior to collection of milk samples for bacterial culture in dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci. 103(5):4579-4587
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Shwani A, Adkins PRF, Ekesi NS, Alrubaye A, Calcutt MJ, Middleton JR, Rhoads DD. 2020. Whole genome comparisons of Staphylococcus agnetis isolates from cattle and chickens. Appl Environ Microbiol. Jun 2;86(12):e00484-20
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Progress 12/14/18 to 09/30/19
Outputs
Target Audience:Target audiences included students, dairy farmers, scientists, and veterinarians. Data were presented at the Missouri Dairy Profit seminars, National Mastitis Council meeting, American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine meeting, American Dairy Science Association meeting, European College of Bovine Health Management meeting, and the Mastitis Research Workers conference. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Trainees included 1 PhD student, 1 MS student, 1 clinical intern, and 2 veterinary students. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Conference and extension presentations, proceedings and abstracts; peer-reviewed journal articles; lectures in undergraduate, professional, and graduate curriculum at MU. Data were presented at the Missouri Dairy Profit seminars, National Mastitis Council meeting, American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine meeting, American Dairy Science Association meeting, European College of Bovine Health Management meeting, and the Mastitis Research Workers conference. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Continue evaluating the impact of heat stress on the microbiomes of dairy cattle. We are evaluating fecal, rumen, skin, and milk microbial populations of dairy cows pre, during, and post heat stress. Additionally, we plan to evaluate the fecal microbiome of cows that have experienced heat abatement strategies compared to those that have not. This component of our work is in collaboration with NE-1748 members from Mississippi (Stone). Develop imaging techniques to evaluate the association between teat morphology and intramammary infection and mastitis in lactating cows, peripartum heifers, and dry cows. Additionally, we plan to finish our characterization of antimicrobial susceptibility among Gram-positive bacteria isolated from the feces of dairy heifers pre and post exposure to intramammary pirlimycin.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
A series of studies were conducted to evaluate the impact of heat stress on dairy cattle microbiomes to determine how changes in these microbial populations may influence dairy cattle susceptibility to mastitis. Preliminary results indicate heat stress does resultin a change in fecal and rumen microbiomes of dairy cattle. A series of studies were completed to evaluate the epidemiology of non-aureus staphylococcal (NAS) mastitis during lactation and over the dry period in dairy goats in Missouri. Overall, these studies showed that MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry had good typeability and accuracy for speciating NAS isolated from goat's milk. Staphylococcus caprae, Staphylococcus chromogenes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus simulans, and Staphylococcus xylosus tended to be associated with elevated milk somatic cell count (SCC). Staphylococcus caprae and S. simulans tended to be associated with persistent intramammary infection (IMI). Udder skin colonization with some species of NAS during the non-lactating period increased the risk of IMI at kidding. A study was conducted to compare two techniques for collecting milk samples to diagnose IMI in dairy cattle. Results indicated that the microbiological status of milk samples aseptically collected via the teat orifice had high agreement with the microbiological status of milk collected directly from the teat cistern by aseptic aspiration, indicating that most bacteria isolated from uncontaminated milk samples collected via the teat orifice tend to be associated with IMI. A study was completed to evaluate the impact of intramammary pirlimycin on the fecal microbiome of dairy heifers. Results indicated that the treatment did results in changes in the fecal microbiome. To evaluate this further, fecal samples collected from heifers both pre and post treatment were cultured, specifically to recover Gram-positive cocci. All isolates were speciated and evaluated for antimicrobial resistance. To date, resistance is minimal among staphylococcal and streptococcal isolates recovered from the feces of heifers both post and pretreatment with intramammary pirlimycin.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Bernier Gosselin V, Dufour S, Adkins PRF, Poock S, Pithua P, Middleton JR. 2019. Longitudinal microbiological evaluation of subclinical non-aureus staphylococcal intramammary infections in a dairy goat herd. Vet Microbiol. 230:156-163
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Bernier Gosselin V, Dufour S, Calcutt MJ, Adkins PRF, Middleton JR. 2019. Staphylococcal intramammary infection dynamics and their relationship with milk quality parameters in dairy goats over the dry period. J Dairy Sci. 102(5):4332-4340.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Bernier Gosselin V, Dufour S, Adkins PRF, Middleton JR. 2019. Persistence of coagulase negative staphylococcal intramammary infection in dairy goats. J Dairy Res. 86(2):211-216.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Bernier Gosselin V, Dufour S, Middleton JR. 2019. Association between species-specific staphylococcal intramammary infection and milk somatic cell score over time in dairy goats. Prev Vet Med. 174:104815 doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2019.104815. [Epub 2 Nov 19].
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
7. Bernier Gosselin V, Middleton JR. 2019. Advances in understanding of epidemiology of subclinical staphylococcal mastitis in dairy goats. Ontario Small Ruminant Veterinary Conference. June 17-19. Oral presentation.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Ankney S, Rivero L, Witzke M, Naclerio A, Adkins PR, Middleton JR. 2019. Defining causes of intramammary infection in dairy cattle using a novel sampling technique. National Veterinary Scholars Symposium. Worcester, Massachusetts. July 26th. Poster.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Rivero L, Witzke M, Adkins PRF, Middleton JR. 2019. Understanding bovine mammary gland niches for staphylococci using different milk sampling techniques. American Association of Bovine Practitioners. St. Louis, Missouri. September 12-14. Oral presentation.
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