Source: WESTERN UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES submitted to NRP
ANIMAL HEALTH AND DISEASE RESEARCH TRAINING PROGRAM
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1018255
Grant No.
(N/A)
Cumulative Award Amt.
(N/A)
Proposal No.
(N/A)
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Nov 2, 2018
Project End Date
Sep 30, 2019
Grant Year
(N/A)
Program Code
[(N/A)]- (N/A)
Recipient Organization
WESTERN UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES
309 EAST SECOND STREET
POMONA,CA 91766
Performing Department
CVM
Non Technical Summary
Veterinarians are uniquely positioned to address issues surrounding agricultural animal health and food-borne illness, to ensure sustainable food production while protecting public health. However, the role and inclusion of veterinary researchers remains a limitation to the creation of interdisciplinary teams dedicated to these issues. Early exposure to research has been found to influence the career path of early scholars. This proposed project will provide 1st and 2nd year veterinary students with 11-weeks of hands-on research experience on a project relevant to the USDA AHDR program, under the direct mentorship of a faculty actively engaged in this field of research. This practical experience will be complemented with group training sessions focusing on career paths relevant to USDA and responsible conduct of research. This immersion in research is expected to inspire the scholar to explore research as a potential career option, and ultimately, join the ranks of interdisciplinary scientists contributing to the mission of USDA.
Animal Health Component
50%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
50%
Applied
50%
Developmental
(N/A)
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
31139991060100%
Knowledge Area
311 - Animal Diseases;

Subject Of Investigation
3999 - Animal research, general;

Field Of Science
1060 - Biology (whole systems);
Goals / Objectives
Project goals.The over-arching goal of this project is to train the future workforce of veterinarians contributing to the mission of the USDA. The short-term goal of this project is to engage a veterinary student in research relevant to the goals of the USDA AHDR-Sec1433 Program. This goal will be achieved by enrolling a first or second year veterinary student in an 11-week long summer scholar program, under the mentorship of a faculty with active research that focuses on agricultural animal health, public health, prevention of food-borne illness, or agricultural health by preventing and mitigating the spread of agricultural pests and diseases (see examples of WesternU faculty conducting research relevant to USDA below). This hands-on experience will be complemented by group training sessions and workshops focused on responsible conduct of research and career paths relevant to USDA. The funding provided by USDA AHDR-Sec1433 Program, will be supplemented by the College to provide a $5000 stipend to the scholar. In addition, the WesternU-College of Veterinary Medicine will provide $2500 to cover the cost of supplies. The immediate outcome of this project will consist of the scholar's presentation of his/her research results at the annual National Veterinary Scholars Symposium (July 18th-21st, 2019), with all associated costs covered by the College.This training program will have five specific objectives.To train students in research design and grantsmanship.To understand and follow responsible conduct in research.To instruct students in research methodology and acquire technical skills required to carry out research relevant to the goals of the USDA AHDR-Sec1433 Program.To gain experience in interpretation and dissemination of results.To expose students to research career and training pathways relevant to USDA.Program feasibility, FTE allocation, and resources.This training is primarily designed to provide hands-on experience to veterinary students, in research relevant to USDA. This program is in line with the Veterinary Scholars Program that the College of Veterinary Medicine at Western University has managed for the past decade. During this time, we have developed an infrastructure that will support student researchers conducting short-term research at every stage: from pairing students with faculty mentors, to providing in-lab training, to support with the dissemination of results. The proposed Animal Health and Disease Research Training Program will support a veterinary scholar interested in research important to USDA AHDR-1433. As such, our infrastructure has the human capital, equipment, and support to ensure the success of the student. This support includes the following FTE allocations: faculty mentorship (5%), technical support from a staff scientist (15% FTE), and administrative support (5%). Experiential learning has a profound influence of students' career paths. We expect that this direct exposure to issues relevant to USDA will inspire students to seek further training and engagement in this field.Faculty with active researchprojects relevant to USDA AHDR.Dr. Yvonne Drechsler: Genome-wide annotation of cis-regulatory elements in the chicken genome.(R17IACUC051, Approved 8/23/17)Dr. Brian Oakley: Building strain libraries as alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters in broiler chickens.Dr. Maisie Dawes: Viral infections in disease resistant and disease susceptible haplotype chickens. (R15IACUC030 Approved 12/15/15, Renewal 12/15/18)Dr. Stewart Morgan: Food animal health and nutrition.Dr. James Reynolds: Food animal welfare.
Project Methods
Student Eligibility: Students must have completed at least one year of a DVM curriculum, be currently enrolled, and in good academic (GPA > 3.0) standing at their University. Students must commit to attend all training opportunities, including the National Veterinary Scholars Symposium (NVSS).Selection of Faculty Mentors: Faculty members who hold an advanced degree in research (MS or PhD), and are actively engaged in a research project relevant to the USDA AHDR, are eligible to mentor students. Mentors must hold an appointment in CVM. Candidate mentors submit a letter of support as part of the application process, stating their ability to support the project financially, and their commitment to provide direct supervision of students.Application process and criteria for selection: Students must submit electronically to the CVM Research Office, by February 11, 2018: 1) a grant proposal for a project relevant to USDA. 2) an application form including statement of career goals, learning objectives for this program, biographical information, GPA, and a commitment to participate in all group training activities, and present a poster at NVSS; 3) a letter of support from the mentor. Scholars will be selected based on a rubric available taking into consideration scientific merit of the project, relevance to USDA AHDR, feasibility within the timeframe of the program, relevance to the career goals of the student, student's achievement, mentorship, and breadth of learning objectives. Each application is scored by at least three independent reviewers. Reviewers are selected preferably among the Research Advisory Committee. Other research faculty may volunteer, if need, to have enough reviewers without conflict of interest. Scores are averaged and standardized for reviewer' severity of scoring, prior to ranking. Results are shared with the selected applicant, so that the student can address the reviewer comments, and update their proposal to incorporate the feedback received.Advertising: Year 1 and Year 2 students are immediately informed of research opportunities during their yearly orientation, with a presentation by Dr. Griffon. Faculty are kept informed during faculty meetings, and through an annual Fall report summarizing the evaluations from students and mentors engaged in the program. Summer research opportunities are presented by Dr. Griffon during a lunch meeting for students and mentors in November, with a follow-up in January. A list of potential mentors conducting research, including those relevant to USDA, is distributed during the presentations and electronically, as well as posted online. When funding is confirmed, students and faculty will also be informed by email, and the information will be updated on the WesternU CVM Research Website: http://www.westernu.edu/veterinary/veterinary-research-overview/vsrp-application-and-sponsors/. The WesternU website features a current list of eligible mentors, the application form, and instructions for electronic (email) submission of application materials, and description of past programs. Reminders are sent periodically to students and faculty until the deadline for applications. Students and faculty are invited to contact Dr. Griffon directly with individual questions.The program: The learning objectives and means to achieve those are outlined below:1. To train students in research design and grantsmanship:Students will prepare a hypothesis-driven grant proposal under the guidance of their proposed mentor, and submit it as part of the application process. Seminars during the summer will focus on study design and principles of grant writing, providing an avenue for students to reflect on their proposal.2. To understand and follow responsible conduct in research:Students will take an online training and pass a test before working in the laboratories. Our orientation will include presentations and demonstrations of laboratory safety procedures, including tours of research laboratories. Data management, and contemporary issues in research ethics will be discussed by faculty through presentations, group discussions, interactive class sessions and mock scenarios. Research Associates and mentors will provide direct supervision of students in the laboratories, and ensure applications of the principles discussed in group training sessions.3. To instruct students in research methodology and acquire relevant technical skills:This objective will largely be met through one-on-one interactions with mentors actively engaged in research relevant to USDA (see list above), as students will work full time on their project, and be engaged in all phases from study design to dissemination of results. This experience will be completed by seminars focusing on study design, justification of sample size, and current techniques in biomedical research.4. To gain experience in interpretation and dissemination of results:Students will receive assistance to analyze their own data during a workshop at the end of the program. They will also attend a writing class to help them write a CV, draft a manuscript, and understand the path to publish scientific articles. They will prepare a poster after attending a seminar and under guidance from their faculty, for presentation at the BI-NIH Symposium and will give a podium presentation at the annual WesternU, Student Technology And Research Symposium (STARS) in Fall, and/or College Research Day in Spring.5. To expose students to research career and training pathways relevant to USDA:This objective will be delivered through a presentation by an external, keynote speaker, 2 field trips, social events between scholars and mentors at Western U and networking at the BI-NIH Symposium.

Progress 11/02/18 to 09/30/19

Outputs
Target Audience:The primary target audience of this project was current DVM students. Trevor Rodriguez, a member of the WesternU DVM2021 class, was supported through formal classroom instruction, formal and informal laboratory instruction, and participation in the Summer Student Technology and Research Symposium (STRS) at WesternU and the National Veterinary Student Symposium (NVSS) at Tufts University. Poster presentations prepared for these symposia as part of this project are also seen regularly by WesternU CVM faculty, staff, and students. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Mr. Rodriguez had a variety of opportunities for training and professional development, both in specific technical skills, and in the scientific process and scientific communication. Specifically, he learned in silico/bioinformatic techniques for developing new FISH probes and assessing the specificity and sensitivity of existing probes. He successfully learned FISH bench protocols, fluorescence microscopy, and image processing techniques. He was able to successfully hybridize a variety of probes with bacterial strains previously isolated by my lab and provide a useful set of validated probes and protocols for future use. Additionally, Trevor was provided experiential opportunities for engaging in the scientific process to troubleshoot experiments and to develop his poster presentation for the STRS and NVSS meetings. Additional professional development opportunities were provided by participation in workshops that have been developed by CVM as part of the summer scholar's program curriculum. These include day-long workshops on grant-writing, statistics, data analysis, and scientific presentations. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results have been disseminated through poster and oral presentations as described above. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? The main objective of the project - to develop fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) tools to guide the cultivation of microorganisms of interest - was accomplished. FISH probes were first validated with a set of known bacterial strains belonging to either target or non-target taxonomic grops. FISH probes were selected using bioinformatic techniques to assess the specificity and sensitivity of existing probes. Various probes were successfully hybridized with known bacterial strains previously isolated in the lab. For example, probes targeting the phylum Firmicutes (LGC354) and the Clostridiales family (Erec482) were validated in silico and on the bench. Validation of the LGC354 probe with Lactobacillus gallinarum and Enterococcus faecium confirmed previous results of uneven probe uptake in some Gram-positive bacteria. Enzymatic pretreatments were able to improve uptake but we also noted increased cell loss and damaged cell membranes. As an alternative approach to guiding our cultivation efforts, we therefore also validated a probe targeting the major contaminant group, Enterobacteriaceae, as a rule out approach. Following validation, these probes and others were successfully applied to unknown organisms that were identified taxonomically by 16S rRNA sequencing.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Other Year Published: 2021 Citation: No publications have yet resulted from this work. To date, the primary products are the poster presented by Mr. Rodriguez at the 2019 Summer Student Technology and Research Symposium (STRS) at WesternU and the NVSS at Tufts University College of Veterinary Medicine. Additionally, his mentor, Dr. Brian Oakley, has given several oral presentations at Western University and Seoul National University (Korea) that have included results from this project.. We anticipate that the work performed for this project will comprise the substantial part of a peer-reviewed journal article.