Source: ALABAMA A&M UNIVERSITY submitted to NRP
IMMERSIVE HANDS-ON STUDENT TRAINING AND RESEARCH CAPACITY BUILDING IN FOREST SCIENCE: THE PAINT ROCK FOREST DYNAMICS PROJECT IN NORTH ALABAMA
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1018223
Grant No.
2019-38821-29158
Cumulative Award Amt.
$600,000.00
Proposal No.
2018-04842
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Mar 1, 2019
Project End Date
Feb 28, 2023
Grant Year
2019
Program Code
[EP]- Teaching Project
Recipient Organization
ALABAMA A&M UNIVERSITY
4900 MERIDIAN STREET
NORMAL,AL 35762
Performing Department
BES
Non Technical Summary
Alabama A&M University's Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences has a history of active research and engagement of the undergraduates in our projects. This has helped us with student learning, recruitment, and retention. Faculty from the department have now partnered with the Smithsonian Institution's Forest Global Earth Observatory (ForestGEO), a network of sites in 24 countries, to: (1) increase minority student hands-on participation in cutting-edge research in forest science, thereby (2) opening career paths in forest science and management for our graduates, and (3) to accomplish (1) and (2) through our Paint Rock Forest Dynamics Project, a long-term educational and forest research site/facility established in a protected forest reserve owned by the Nature Conservancy and located just 30 minutes from campus. The research facility will consist of areas for manipulative experiments and two 25 ha permanent research plots in which all trees will be individually identified, mapped, and measured through time to record forest dynamics in relation to environmental gradients and changing climate. We chose the location because the reserve harbors one of the most diverse tree communities in North America, rivaling the diversity of some tropical forests. This proposed project has already attracted several national and international collaborators. The partnership with the Smithsonian Institution's ForestGEO is particularly noteworthy. ForestGEO will provide our students with opportunities to participate in training workshops at sites around the world, enabling them to receive advanced training in forest science, management, and conservation, GIS, and big-data analysis from the world's top experts in forest science.
Animal Health Component
50%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
50%
Applied
50%
Developmental
(N/A)
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
1230621107050%
1360621107050%
Goals / Objectives
We plan to foster engaged student learning through hands-on, interactive forestry teaching/education and research, with the objectives to:1. Infuse undergraduate students from AAMU's forestry and ecology program with experiential training from leading scientists by intensive engagement in ecological research, experimental design, plot establishment, quantitative analysis, and leadership training and experience.2. Engage students with eminent forest scientists from multiple institutions to undertake research on (i) forest woody species composition, structure and dynamics, (ii) mechanisms that maintain tree diversity in species-rich temperate forests, and (iii) the impact of climate change on forests.3. Become an active member of the Smithsonian Institution's ForestGEO research network, in which the same forest patterns and processes are studied worldwide.
Project Methods
Project SiteOur proposed education and research facility is on 2,000 ha of forested land in the NE corner of Alabama, near the town of Paint Rock in Jackson County. It is owned by the Nature Conservancy and is a limited-access conservation area. It is only 35-minute drive east of the campus of Alabama A&M University, making the trip to it fast and convenient. AAMU researchers and students have been allowed to access the TNC site and have a written commitment that we will continue to have unlimited access to the project facility. Our ForestGEO site at Paint Rock is located on a deeply dissected karst landscape overlain with sandstone. Consequently, it has variable geology and topography, with a variety of interesting features ranging from dry ridgetops to moist bottomland sinks. We have explored the site extensively over several years to examine its attributes and suitability, as well as to examine the diversity in various parts of the forest reserve. The site is an excellent choice and necessary addition to the Smithsonian's network, because it represents a region of exceptionally high species diversity.Objective 1 Methods: Teaching/Educational ActivitiesExperiential learning approaches. We will use hands-on experiential learning approaches in our teaching to provide engagement for our students.Immersive Student Training by Participation in a Symposium. In the summers of the project, we will host symposia to introduce the students to large-scale forest dynamics studies. The symposia, consisting of lectures, readings, and discussions, will lay out the big picture of the Paint Rock-ForestGEO project objectives and goals in the context of, and the significance for, the Smithsonian's global network of forest plots. The symposium will also contain exercises on field safety, teamwork, and leadership training. In the summer of year 3, the symposium will be open to faculty from other HBCU institutions at no cost of participation. A principal objective of this final symposium is to inform interested HBCU faculty how they might also establish similar teaching and research facilities at their respective institutions. The symposia will include a field trip to the Paint Rock facility and be open to ~15 HBCU faculty members and students.Summer field courses and plot research. In each year, following the symposium, project directors and scientists will offer week-long dendrology (tree species identification) field course, geared specifically for the Paint Rock forest community. After the dendrology course, the students will begin collecting the field data on the 25 ha plot. This research effort will continue for the remaining 2.5 months of the summer. The students will receive additional training on field identification, tagging, mapping, and tree measurements.Leadership training and academic year support. Especially promising students will be assigned leadership positions in their respective teams. From among the student leaders, we will select two to be hired as work-study students during the two semesters of the academic year following the first symposium, summer course, and fieldwork. They will perform data entry, conduct error checking, and learn error correction protocols. They will also make occasional visits to the site for checking suspect data and correcting errors. These students will also receive training in preparation of results for publication, and they will be co-authors on the first publications that are produced on the Paint Rock Forest Dynamics Project.Academic year training. During the academic year, we will offer a week-long course for Alabama A&M University students from our department on the use of computer programs for analyzing and presenting plot data. The course will train the students to perform statistical analysis, and especially to use several packages for analyzing forest dynamics plot data. The main objectives to train students in the basic computer tools used to summarize and analyze any data in general, and the data collected in the previous summer in particular. After the computer course, we will provide leadership training workshop and sessions.Objective 2 Methods: Research Activities and Student InvolvementMuch of the research will be carried out by students.Establishing the plot grid. Surveying the site of the 25 ha plots and gridding them into 20x20 m subplots is an essential first step that will be done by professional land surveyors. Because of the heterogeneity in forest communities in Paint Rock, we have decided that we will grid the 25 ha plot in different tree community types within the Paint Rock reserve. The funding from this grant is insufficient to census both 25 ha plots, but we intend to do the second 25 ha plot in subsequent years. Based on experience within the Smithsonian Institution's ForestGEO network, we are confident that 25 ha will provide adequate population samples of most tree species for statistical analysis at the species level. We will survey the 25 ha by subdividing it into hectare quadrats, each of which is then marked off into 20x20m sub- quadrats using tape measures (students will mark off the sub-quadrats). We will mark the corners of the hectares with permanent survey pins. We will mark the corners of the 20x20m quadrat corners with capped pvc pipe stakes (using pvc rather than rebar reduces the chance of injury).Mapping, tagging, and measuring trees. In each quadrat, we will locate all stems of woody plants > 1 cm diameter at breast height (dbh) by using a laser rangefinder and an angle encoder set up at one or more known points in the quadrat. The instruments measure the distance, vertical angle, and the angle from north (azimuth) to each stem, which can then be converted into x,y coordinates for the tree. We will monument each stem with a uniquely numbered aluminum tag. For trees < 10 cm dbh we will thread the tag onto a wire hoop around the tree; the hoop will be at least double the tree's diameter. For trees > 10 cm dbh, we will nail the tag to the trunk at 1.2 m using aluminum nails. The dbh will be recorded to the nearest millimeter using tree diameter tapes. The research protocols will follow the methodology developed and tested in the network of large forest plots of the Smithsonian's ForestGEO network (Condit 1998). Students will complete the census of the 25 ha plot in year 1; in year 2 they will complete error checking and corrections and collect other metadata from the plot site; and in year 3, the students will recensus and remeasure all plant in the plot.Species trait metadata. In year 2, once trees have been taxonomically identified, mapped, and measured (DBH), students will collect additional data on species traits, focusing on traits of leaves, particularly of the leaf economic spectrum (e.g., leaf specific area, N and P content), leaf dissectedness, and, if possible, measures of maximum photosynthetic rate and dark respiration rates. Leaf tissue samples will also be taken and frozen for subsequent DNA extraction and analysis, for studies of phylogenetic relationships among species in the plot.Statistical data analysis. Once the geospatial data are available from the 25 ha plot, the students will analyze the data using programs from ForestGEO written in R. The students will be trained in the R statistical package, and in using the programs available. For individual tree species, students will answer questions such as: (i) What is the abundance of each tree species in the plot? (ii) What is the size distribution of stems of a given species, and how does this distribution translate into aboveground biomass of the species? (iii) How are the individuals of given species distributed spatially in relation to environmental gradients in the plot? (iv) Do species exhibit statistically significant habitat associations? Forest dynamics. The study of the long-term dynamics of the forest will continue after the tenure of this grant.

Progress 03/01/19 to 02/28/23

Outputs
Target Audience:Throughout this project, 38 students or recent grads had intensive hands-on training, with over 200 more exposed to the research through lectures and presentations. Over 90% of these were minorities. The output of this work will be continued to be used in teaching and training material and would be expected to reach 80+ a year for the next 4 years. During the first-year reporting period, 12 students or recent graduates were exposed to hands-on training in field reach dendrology and forest science to identify common wildlife, data management, and to instill in them stronger teamwork and leadership skills. Another 50 students were exposed to the research project through guest lectures in Botany, Ecology, and GIS classes. More than 90% of these were minorities. Due to delayed grant setup and COVID-19, the large educational component will run Summer 2021. During the second-year reporting period, 9 students or recent graduates were exposed to hands-on training in field reach dendrology and forest science, to identify common wildlife, data management and to instill in them stronger teamwork and leadership skills. Another 32 students were exposed to the research project through guest lectures in Ecology, and GIS classes. More than 90% of these were minorities. Due to COVID-19, the large educational component will run Summer 2021. During the third year reporting period, 15 students or recent graduates were exposed to hands-on training in field research dendrology, and forest science, to identify common wildlife, and data management and to instill in them stronger teamwork and leadership skills. Another 60 students were exposed to the research project through guest lectures in Ecology, and GIS classes. More than 90% of these were minorities. During the fourth-yearreporting period (extension), 2 students or recent graduates were exposed to hands-on training in field research dendrology, and forest science, to identify common wildlife, and data management and to instill in them stronger teamwork and leadership skills. Another 80 students were exposed to the research project through guest lectures in Ecology, and GIS classes. More than 90% of these were minorities. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?During the fourth-yearreporting period (extension), 2 students or recent graduates were exposed to hands-on training in field research dendrology, and forest science, to identify common wildlife, and data management and to instill in them stronger teamwork and leadership skills. Another 80 students were exposed to the research project through guest lectures in Ecology, and GIS classes. More than 90% of these were minorities. New staff used this base data as training, along with training videos that were developed for the field crew. Staff involved in this project were given professional development opportunities with a number of external partners, including UAH and Morton Arbortum. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Research data has been integrated into three courses, from freshman to graduate students Primary PI had health issues over the last 12 months and three manuscripts are in development. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? 1. Undergrad Training: The primary direct funding and training of undergrads through this grant concluded last year. We were able to leverage this work and research site to work with American Conservation Corp and assisted in training new crews for continuing the census. Two undergraduate students from AAMU continued working on research projects based on the plot data.Casey Mills (AAMU) focused her research on Walking Fern (Asplenium rhizophyllum) habitat throughout the plot. CJ Holden's work focused on developing educational research materials. Samford UniversityEnvironmental ScienceundergraduateMadelyn Thompson (a summer intern at the Morton Arboretum) was assisted on plot Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum) taxonomy. 2. Three graduate students are now using the base data from the plot to extend their research. Three funded projects will continue this work. 3. Listing in process

Publications


    Progress 03/01/21 to 02/28/22

    Outputs
    Target Audience:During the third year reporting period, 15students or recent graduates were exposed to hands-on training in field research dendrology, and forest science, to identify common wildlife, and data management and to instill in them stronger teamwork and leadership skills. Another 60 students were exposed to the research project through guest lectures in Ecology, and GIS classes. More than 90% of these were minorities. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?During the third year reporting period, 15students or recent graduates were exposed to hands-on training in field research dendrology and forest science, to identify common wildlife, and data management and to instill in them stronger teamwork and leadership skills. Another 60 students were exposed to the research project through guest lectures in Ecology, and GIS classes. More than 90% of these were minorities. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The local community has been engaged through hunt club meetings, the broader scientific community has been engaged at conferences and workshops. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Currently on an extension - finishing out data QA/QC and developing papers and presentations.

    Impacts
    What was accomplished under these goals? 1. Infuse undergraduate students from AAMU's forestry and ecology program with experiential training from leading scientists by intensive engagement in ecological research, experimental design, plot establishment, quantitative analysis, and leadership training and experience. Our fourth field season lasted from June-August 2021. By this point AAMU, having adjusted to the Covid-19 pandemic, allowed us to hire a much larger team as we'd planned for the Summer 2020 season. The same field coordinator and dendrologist continued on, Zane Green was promoted to the team leader position, and we were able to hire 8 new field technicians, including several AAMU students and recent graduates. The new technicians, several with backgrounds in the natural resource sciences (i.e. biology, forestry, environmental sciences), included: Lorra Carter [University of North Alabama], Casey Mills [AAMU], Evan Tenorio [AAMU], Christopher Holden [AAMU], Ethan Vroonland [AAMU], Isabelle Barnes [University of Alabama of Huntsville], Tavis Ewing [University of Alabama of Huntsville], and Angus Pritchard [University of the South, Sewanee]. We also hadone of the AAMU students, Shawn Troby, from the AAMU Spring 2021 Summer Forestry Field Techniques course stay on to volunteer for a couple of weeks into the season. This season we were offered additional activities and experiences like a bioblitz with Bert Harris and Jared Gorrell and a lecture series organized by William Finch and Dr. Stephen Hubbell. The following fall field season ran from September-mid November 2021. We didn't have the funds to maintain the entire group from the summer season, but we did keep Zane, Tavis, and Lorra. We also invited back one of our crew veterans, Olivia. Casey Mills worked for Dr. Lemke as an undergraduate student worker and, being inspired during her stint on the summer team, is starting her own research project about ferns on the research plot. This was a vital period in the project as we pushed hard to complete a 20ha research area. We fell just short of our goal, but hope to finish up the remaining quadrats in the spring. This season we paid particular attention to mentoring our crew, as they were all unsure what direction they wanted to take in their careers. We helped them in fine-tuning their resumes, allowed them to try other activities like bat-netting and helping with the assembly of a greenhouse aquaponics system, and invited them tomeet with USDA Forest Service Wildlife Biologist Allison Cochran as she presented a new mentoring program available through the Alabama Chapter of the Wildlife Society. Several local individuals visited the site and generously took the time to mentor our young recruits. Some of these individuals includeDr. Luben Dimov, a Co- Principle Investigator on the project and dendrologist, forest ecologist, and former faculty in the Forestry Program at Alabama A&M University; Bill Finch, a Co-Principle Investigator on the project and a naturalist and botanist; Beth Maynor Finch, a conservation photographer; and Dr. Heather Howell, an Adjunct Faculty, Wildlife Research Associate, and ecologist in the Forestry Program at Alabama A&M University, and several of the scientists that presented at the summer 2021 lecture series. 2. Engage students with eminent forest scientists from multiple institutions to undertake research on (i) forest woody species composition, structure, and dynamics, (ii) mechanisms that maintain tree diversity in species-rich temperate forests, and (iii) the impact of climate change on forests. As of February 2022, there were 35 Families, 50 genera, and 77 species of woody plants (trees and shrubs) tagged within the 20 ha Plot. The most abundant species are sugar maple, Acer saccharum (or Acer saccharum complex), and American Beech, Fagus grandifolia; several species are represented singly or by a few individuals. These are primarily non-native invasive species that are found in disturbed areas, native, successional, edge species, found along the road or in openings, and shrubs that rarely have stems that reach 10cm in diameter. Four non-native, invasive woody species have been tagged on the Plot. Oaks (Quercus spp.) and Hickories (Carya spp.) are represented by the greatest number of species per genera. Fabaceae is the most represented family. Northern spicebush, Lindera benzoin, is an abundant, multi-stemmed understory shrub found at lower elevations in the Plot. 3. Become an active member of the Smithsonian Institution's ForestGEO research network, in which the same forest patterns and processes are studied worldwide. Currently in progress

    Publications

    • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Lemke, D., Dimov, L. & Condit, R. (2022) Forest Dynamics of Southeastern Forests: An Education-focused Project that Builds Long-term Research Capacity. ARD Research Symposium 2022: Pathways to Building Back Better. Atlanta, GA 4/2-4/5/2022
    • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Mills, C. & Lemke, D. (2022) Ferns of the Paint Rock Forest Dynamics Plot. Alabama A&M University Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics Day March 24th, 2022
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: NPR interview of field crew - NIFA is acknowledged in the link given to our website https://whyy.org/episodes/the-fight-against-extinction/


    Progress 03/01/20 to 02/28/21

    Outputs
    Target Audience:During the second year reporting period, 9 students or recent graduates were exposed to hands-on training in field reach dendrology and forest science, to identify common wildlife, data management and to instill in them stronger teamwork and leadership skills. Another 32 students were exposed to the research project through guest lectures in Ecology, and GIS classes. More than 90% of these were minorities. Due to COVID-19, the large educational component will run Summer 2021. Changes/Problems:A new research plan was submitted and approved to adjust for Covid, this primarily focused on shifting how personal worked, not changing the objectives or outcomes. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?During the first year reporting period, 9 students or recent graduates were exposed to hands-on training in field reach dendrology and forest science, to identify common wildlife, data management and to instill in them stronger teamwork and leadership skills. Another 32 students were exposed to the research project through guest lectures in Ecology and GIS classes. More than 90% of these were minorities. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?This year dissemination was limited with shifting conferences and less open visitation at the site. We now have in place protocolto make visiting easier and professional organization have developed great remote options for sharing knowledge, so this will be more complete in 2021. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We should complete the first 25 ha by the end of summer this will give us a full data set to the work on strong publications and further development of grants. This should happened toward the end of 2021.

    Impacts
    What was accomplished under these goals? Our 1st field season was impacted by Covid, we shifted the work to small teams running though out the year, this increases the supervision need but keeps crew sizes at Covid safe numbers and distances.The field crew was comprised of a field coordinator (Patience Knight), a botanist (Helen Czech), and four field technicians. We ran crews in one season in 2020; fall Sept to Nov and restarted in spring (Feb to April).We made progress on our forest inventory, having tagged, measured, mapped, and identified all trees of greater than one-centimeter diameter at breast height on a further threeha of our field site. Our field technicians varied in their fieldwork experience (some having none at all), so we had the opportunity to teach them how to work effectively and safely in challenging field conditions, to expose them to and train them in forestry concepts including dendrology and forest science, to identify common wildlife, and to instill in them stronger teamwork and leadership skills. Along with three hectares of data collection and strong professional development, we produced training material that will be used both for future fields season and other projects. This included safety training modules that focused on practical applications relevant to the project. Protocol was developed for the long-term management of the scientific validity of the site, this included visitors logs, visitor training, QA/QC practices. We have started on online training to pre-train crews and reduce classroom contact time and the need for large group interaction. These will be fully developed by the Summer.

    Publications


      Progress 03/01/19 to 02/29/20

      Outputs
      Target Audience:During the first year reporting period, 12 students or recent graduates were exposed to hands-on training in field reach dendrology and forest science, to identify common wildlife, data management and to instill in them stronger teamwork and leadership skills. Another 50 students were exposed to the research project through guest lectures in Botany, Ecology, and GIS classes. More than 90% of these were minorities. Due to delayed grant set up and COVID-19, the large educational component will runSummer 2021. Changes/Problems:Due to delayed grant set up and COVID-19, the large educational component will run Summer 2021. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?During the first year reporting period, 12 students or recent graduates were exposed to hands-on training in field reach dendrology and forest science, to identify common wildlife, data management and to instill in them stronger teamwork and leadership skills. Another 50 students were exposed to the research project through guest lectures in Botany, Ecology and GIS classes. More than 90% of these were minorities. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?More than 40 scientists from more than 20 universities and federal, state and private research institutions across the country, including Harvard University, UCLA, University of Georgia, University of Illinois, University of North Carolina, University of Alabama, Auburn University and the National Forest Service have visited the site over the last year. Also, 11 public officials and their staff have visited the site as part of a broader engagement of the community. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?The focus this year will be on small team fieldwork due to Covid-19 and developing strong training material. We will never get to complete fivefurther hectares of the plot, leaving 12 ha for 2021. Field coordinator and botanist will develop research-based educational resources that can be integrated into Fall courses in both hands-on and online forums, this will give students pre-training experiences before 2021.

      Impacts
      What was accomplished under these goals? Our 1st field season ran May-August 2019. The field crew was comprised of a field coordinator (Patience Knight), a botanist (Lynne Weninegar), two team leaders (Sam Tessel, Brittany Greene Schneck), and five field technicians (Josh Peterson, Sarah Baugh, Olivia Amos, Glenn Sayre, Meghan Letson). Our field crew, originally strangers representing five universities, developed impressive interpersonal dynamics and exhibited a fantastic work ethic. We made considerable progress on our forest inventory, having tagged, measured, mapped, and identified all trees of greater than one-centimeterdiameter at breast height on 8 ha of our field site. With an average of about 1300 trees/ha, we processed roughly 10,400 individual trees and shrubs consisting of about 84 species. Our field technicians varied in their fieldwork experience (some having none at all), so we had the opportunity to teach them how to work effectively and safely in challenging field conditions, to expose them to and train them in forestry concepts including dendrology and forest science, to identify common wildlife, and to instill in them stronger teamwork and leadership skills. Several local individuals visited the site; their visits allowed us to introduce novices to forest ecology research and expose them to fieldwork. Dr. Luben Dimov, a Co-Principal Investigator on the project and dendrologist, forest ecologist, and former faculty in the Forestry Program at Alabama A&M University; Bill Finch, a Co-Principal Investigator on the project and a naturalist and botanist; Beth Maynor Finch, a conservation photographer; Dr. Heather Howell, an adjunct faculty, Wildlife Research Associate, and ecologist in the Forestry Program at Alabama A&M University; and Helen Czech, Wildlife Research Associate, and naturalist at Alabama A&M University, visited with our field crew and took time to mentor our young recruits. Along with eight hectares of data collection and strong professional development, we produced training material that will be used both for future fields season and other projects. This included safety training modules that focused on practical application relevant to the project. Protocol was developed for the long-term management of the scientific validity of the site, this included visitors logs, visitor training, QA/QC practices.

      Publications