Progress 03/01/19 to 02/29/24
Outputs
Target Audience:Primary target audiences for findings of this project are livestock producers and extension/outreach personnel, although animal science researchers and teachers will also have interest. The clientele would include farmers and agricultural stakeholders facing water scarcity challenges, as well as those seeking more sustainable and cost-effective water management solutions. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?In addition to information presented in previous reports, experiments with Boer meat goats, Alpine dairy goats, and Katahdin hair sheep of two different ages (mature and yearling) consuming synthetic brackish/saline water sources to match characteristics of different classifications or groups of the US Geological Survey (USGS) have been conducted. Laboratory and statistical analyses have been completed and manuscripts have been prepared for publication. An experiment was also performed in which preferences by goats and sheep for four different USGS water groups were investigated. Analyses for this experiment are in progress and some results were presented by undergraduate students involved in the project at the 2024 Oklahoma Research Day and Agricultural Research Directors Symposium. Through these experiments responses of goats, sheep, and cattle to different levels of TDS in drinking water as varied by water source and NaCl additions have been determined, factors affected by drinking water high in TDS that could affect performance of ruminant livestock have been identified, such as change in feed intake, ruminal conditions, digestion, blood constituent levels, and(or) energy metabolism, and how water intake by goats, sheep, and cattle vary with water TDS characteristics has been elucidated. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?There have been a number of abstracts published and associated oral and poster presentations at meetings such as of the American Society of Animal Science. There have also been presentations at the annual Oklahoma Research Day, Agricultural Research Directors Symposium, and annual Small Ruminant Field Day at LU. As noted before, there have been manuscripts published in journals such as Applied Animal Science and the Journal of Animal Science. Also, an article was recently submitted to a peer-review journal, and a number of others are being prepared. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Because of the expected increasing importance of high-TDS drinking water in the future, a goal of the project is gain a better understanding of factors affecting the utilization of brackish/saline water by ruminant livestock species so that most appropriate management practices can be identified and adopted. Objectives are to determine responses of goats, sheep, and cattle to different levels of TDS in drinking water as varied by water source and NaCl additions; identify factors affected bydrinking water high in TDS that could affect performance of ruminant livestock, such as change in feed intake, ruminal conditions, digestion, blood constituent levels, and(or) energy metabolism; and determine water intake by and requirements of goats, sheep, and cattle and how they vary with water TDS characteristics.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
Influence of the concentration and nature of total dissolved solids in brackish groundwater on water intake, nutrient utilization, energy metabolism, ruminal fermentation, and blood constituents in different breeds of mature goats and sheep, Science of The Total Environment, Volume 907, 10 January 2024, 167949, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167949
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
Effects of the concentration and nature of total dissolved solids in drinking water on feed intake, nutrient digestion, energy balance, methane emission, ruminal fermentation, and blood constituents in different breeds of young goats and hair sheep, Animal Nutrition, Volume 16, March 2024, Pages 84-95, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2023.10.002
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Progress 03/01/22 to 02/28/23
Outputs
Target Audience:Primary target audiences for findings of this project are livestock producers and extension/outreach personnel, although animal science researchers and teachers will also have interest. Changes/Problems:There have been delays in activities because of COVID-19 conditions. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Two Postdoctoral Research Associates of Langston University, the first from Brazil and second from Ethiopia, have received training and professional development in this project through the research conducted. Moreover the graduate student of Oklahoma State University received training while providing assistance in the first small ruminant experiment at Langston University, in addition to the Oklahoma State University study with beef cattle. The researchers from Morocco and Ethiopia on Fulbright Scholarships received training through their saline water studies as well as participation in many other research activities at Langston University. Undergraduate students have taken part and received training throughout the project period and will continue to do so. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?There have been a number of abstracts published and associated oral and poster presentations at meetings such as of the American Society of Animal Science. There have also been presentations at the 2020 and 2021 Oklahoma Research Day and there will be one in 2023 as well. As noted before, there have been manuscripts published in Applied Animal Science and the Journal of Animal Science, an article was recently submitted to a journal and another is under review, and a number of others are being prepared. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?As noted above, Articles will continue to be prepared and submitted, and abstract presentations will occur as well at scientific meetings. Plans are to complete activities of the third and fourth small ruminant experiments and to conduct an additional fifth small ruminant study.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
The first experiment conducted with small ruminants at the American Institute for Goat Research (AIGR) of Langston University was with growing animals and three breeds of goats (Boer, Spanish, and Angor) and three breeds of sheep (Dorper, Katahdin, and St. Croix). There were six drinking water treatments, with different levels of TDS from minerals of a natural (groundwater) source of brackish water at the AIGR farm and added NaCl. An article describing the results was prepared and submitted to the Nutrition Journal. Moreover, a second study with mature animals and the same breeds of sheep and Boer, Tennessee Stiff Leg, and Spanish goats was delayed because of COVID-19 restrictions but now also has been completed. Levels of total dissolved solids in the high-saline water treatments were greater than in the first study with younger animals. An article describing results of this study has been prepared and is under review, after which it will be submitted to a scientific journal. As mentioned in the previous report, two other experiments were conducted in 2019 by visiting researchers from Morocco and Ethiopia, both supported by Fulbright Scholarships. The studies included two breeds of meat goats (Boer and Spanish), two levels of protein supplementation (approximately 0.14 and 0.28% body weight of soybean meal, dry matter basis), and three levels of drinking water salinity. Salinity levels in the first trial were fresh water (< 300 ppm TDS), 5,000 ppm TDS from added NaCl, and 10,000 ppm TDS from added NaCl. In the second trial, the moderate level of TDS was increased to 10,000 ppm and the high level was raised to 15,000 ppm in the first half of the study and to 20,000 ppm in the second half. Articles are being prepared by the Fulbright Scholars. An experiment was conducted in the first half of 2022 with Boer and Spanish doelings. Four water sources from different locations in the state of Oklahoma, identified in a study described in the most recent previous progress report, are being used, in addition to the brackish water source at the AIGR farm and fresh or tap water. The outside sources are from different classes or categories of brackish water of the US Geological Survey. This experiment was longer term than previous studies with 3-week periods to address potential adaptation. Laboratory and statistical analyses are in progress, although an abstract presentation for some of the findings will be given at the 2023 Oklahoma Research Day. The animal portion of an experiment is currently underway with Boer meat goats, Alpine dairy goats, and Katahdin hair sheep of two different ages (mature and yearling) consuming synthetic brackish/saline water sources to match characteristics of different classifications or groups of the US Geological Survey. An additional experiment is being planned in which preferences of goats and sheep for different types and sources of brackish/saline water will be evaluated.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Submitted
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Patra, A. K., L. P. S. Ribeiro, Y. Hirut, A. O. Sonibare, A. R. Askar, A. H. Hussein, R. Puchala, and A. L. Goetsch. 2023. Effects of the concentration and nature of total dissolved salts in drinking water on feed intake, nutrient digestion, energy balance, methane emission, ruminal fermentation, and blood constituents in different breeds of young goats and hair sheep. Nutrition Journal.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Under Review
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Patra, A. K., L. P. S. Ribeiro, Y. Hirut, R. Puchala, and A. L. Goetsch. 2023. Effects of the concentration and nature of total dissolved salts in drinking water on feed and water intake, digestion, energy metabolism, ruminal fluid conditions, and blood constituent levels in breeds of mature goats and hair sheep. Animals.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Ribeiro, L. P. S., R. Puchala, A. Moehlenpah, C. Merera, and A. L. Goetsch. 2022. Effects of levels of minerals of a natural source of brackish water and NaCl on digestion and ruminal methane emission by different breeds of goats and hair sheep. Journal of Animal Science 100(Supplement 3):400. doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac247.732.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Awaiting Publication
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Brooke, P., Y. Hirut, A. L. Goetsch, R. Puchala, T. Dereje, E. Fabiola, T. A. Gipson, and L. J. Dawson. 2023. Effects of natural sources of brackish/saline water on water and feed intake, digestion, physiological conditions, and performance of yearling meat goats. Proceedings of the 2023 Oklahoma Research Day. March 3. University of Central Oklahoma. Edmond, OK.
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Progress 03/01/21 to 02/28/22
Outputs
Target Audience:Primary target audiences for findings of this project are livestock producers and extension/outreach personnel, although animal science researchers and teachers will also have interest. Changes/Problems:There have been delays in activities because of COVID-19 conditions. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Two Postdoctoral Research Associates of Langston University, the first from Brazil and second from Ethiopia, have received training and professional development in this project through the research conducted. Moreover the graduate student of Oklahoma State University received training while providing assistance in the first small ruminant experiment at Langston University, in addition to the Oklahoma State University study with beef cattle. The researchers from Morocco and Ethiopia on Fulbright Scholarships received training through their saline water studies as well as participation in many other research activities at Langston University. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?As noted earlier, there have been a number of abstracts published and associated oral and poster presentations at meetings of the American Society of Animal Science. There have also been presentations at the 2020 and at the 2021 Oklahoma Research Day. As noted before, there have been manuscripts published in Applied Animal Science and the Journal of Animal Science, and a number of other articles are being prepared. Some results from these studies will be presented at the next International Conference on Goats, now to occur in the fall of 2022 in Hungary. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Articles will continue to be prepared. Plans are to complete the experiment that is currently underway and an additional study with hair sheep.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
The first experiment conducted with small ruminants at the American Institute for Goat Research (AIGR) of Langston University was with growing animals and three breeds of goats (Boer, Spanish, and Angor) and three breeds of sheep (Dorper, Katahdin, and St. Croix). There were six drinking water treatments, with different levels of TDS from minerals of a natural (groundwater) source of brackish water at the AIGR farm and added NaCl. The animal portion of the study occurred in January-July, 2019. Laboratory and statistical analyses have been completed and an article is being prepared. Some of the data from this experiment was presented at the 2021 national meeting of the American Society of Animal Science in July in Louisville, Kentucky, and virtually. A second study with mature animals and the same breeds of sheep and Boer, Tennessee Stiff Leg, and Spanish goats was delayed because of COVID-19 restrictions but now also has been completed. Laboratory and statistical analyses have been completed and an article is being prepared. During the summer of 2020, letters and emails were sent to farms on the mailing list of the monthly Goat Newsletter of the AIGR with a request for samples of brackish/saline water sources used for livestock drinking. A total of 34 samples were received and analyzed for composition. An article describing this information was published in the journal of the American Registry of Professional Animal Scientists, Applied Animal Science. The study of Oklahoma State University with beef cattle and the same brackish water source used at Langston University in the first two experiments compared with added NaCl was conducted in the summer/fall to end of 2019, and laboratory and statistical analyses for this study have been completed. The graduate student completed a MS program in the fall 2020 semester and prepared a Thesis. Also, an article was published in the journal of the American Society of Animal Science, Journal of Animal Science. Two other experiments were conducted in 2019 by visiting researchers from Morocco and Ethiopia, both supported by Fulbright Scholarships. The studies included two breeds of meat goats (Boer and Spanish), two levels of protein supplementation (approximately 0.14 and 0.28% body weight, dry matter basis), and three levels of drinking water salinity. Salinity levels in the first trial were fresh water (< 300 ppm TDS), 5,000 ppm TDS from added NaCl, and 10,000 ppm TDS from added NaCl. In the second trial, the moderate level of TDS was increased to 10,000 ppm and the high level was raised to 15,000 ppm in the first half of the study and to 20,000 ppm in the second half. Abstract presentations on these studies have been made, and articles are being prepared by the Fulbright Scholars. An experiment was initiated in early January, 2022 with Boer and Spanish doelings. Four water sources from different locations in the state of Oklahoma, identified in the aforementioned project, are being used, in addition to the brackish water source at the AIGR farm and fresh or tap water. The outside sources are from different classes or categories of brackish water of the US Geological Survey. This experiment is longer term than previous studies with 3-week periods to address potential adaptation.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
MOEHLENPAH, A. N., RIBEIRO, L. P. S., PUCHALA, R., GOETSCH, A. L., BECK, P., PEZESHKI, A., GROSS, M. A., HOLDER, A. L., AND LALMAN, D. L. 2021. Water and forage intake, diet digestibility, and blood parameters of beef cows and heifers consuming water with varying concentrations of total dissolved solids. J. Anim. Sci. 99(10). 10 pages. doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab282.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
RIBEIRO, L. P. S., PUCHALA, R., LALMAN, D. L., AND GOETSCH, A. L. 2021. Short communication: The composition of various sources of water in Oklahoma available for consumption by ruminant livestock. Appl. Anim. Sci. 37:595-601. https://doi.org/10.15232.aas.2021-02192.
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Progress 03/01/20 to 02/28/21
Outputs
Target Audience:Primary target audiences for findings of this project are livestock producers and extension/outreach personnel, although animal science researchers and teachers will also have interest. Changes/Problems:There have been delays in activities because of COVID-19 conditions, which may lead to a request for an extension in the next reporting period. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?A Postdoctoral Research Associate of Langston University received training and professional development in this project through the research conducted associated with the first studies with small ruminants as well as the beef cattle study at Oklahoma State University. Likewise, the graduate student of Oklahoma State University provided assistance and received training in the first small ruminant experiment at Langston University, in addition to the Oklahoma State University study with beef cattle. The researchers from Morocco and Ethiopia on Fulbright Scholarships received training through their saline water studies as well as participation in many other research activities at Langston University. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?As noted earlier, there has been one abstract and associated oral presentation at the annual meeting of the Southern Section of the American Society of Animal Science on January 26-28, 2020 in Chattanooga, TN. There was an abstract and poster presentation on results from one of the studies given at the national meeting of the American Society of Animal Science in 2020 and at the 2021 Oklahoma Research Day. There will be an abstract and poster presentation on data from another project study to be given at the 2021 national meetings of the American Society of Animal Science. The composition of samples of livestock drinking water in various areas of Oklahoma will be overviewed in a monthly issue of the Goat Newsletter of the Institute. Some results from these studies will be presented at the next International Conference on Goats, initially scheduled for the fall of 2020 and now to occur in the fall of 2022 in Hungary. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Laboratory and statistical analyses at the Institute will continue, along with development of articles to be submitted to peer-review journals. In addition, because of the backlog of samples and impact of COVID-19 conditions and personnel limitations on laboratory analyses in 2019-2021, some samples from these and other experiments are being analyzed for some standard components at a commercial laboratory. Moreover, an experiment is planned for the next year with sources of brackish/saline water differing in characteristics obtained from farms in different parts of the state.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
The first experiment conducted with small ruminants at Langston University was with growing animals and three breeds of goats (Boer, Spanish, and Angor) and three breeds of sheep (Dorper, Katahdin, and St. Croix). There were six drinking water treatments, with different levels of TDS from minerals of a natural (groundwater) source of brackish water and added NaCl. The animal portion of the study occurred in January-July, 2019, and laboratory and statistical analyses are underway, in addition to preparation of an article to be submitted to a peer-review journal. Some of the data from this experiment will be presented at the 2021 national meeting of the American Society of Animal Science in July in Louisville, Kentucky, or virtually. A study with mature animals and the same breeds of sheep and Boer, Tennessee Stiff Leg, and Spanish goats was to have been initiated in late April-early may, 2020. However, because of COVID-19 restrictions including limited personnel access to campus for an extended period of time, periodic mandatory teleworking periods, and an approximate 6-month university prohibition of conduct of new research involving livestock, the start of the experiment was postponed until the fall of 2020. The animal portion of the study was completed in early 2021. Laboratory and statistical analyses for this experiment are underway, and a draft manuscript is being prepared as well. During the summer of 2020, letters and emails were sent to farms on the mailing list of the monthly Goat Newsletter of the American Institute for Goat Research with a request for samples of brackish/saline water sources used for livestock drinking. A total of 34 samples were received and analyzed for composition. The data are being summarized and will be overviewed in a Goat Newsletter. Potential sources of different types of brackish water have been selected for use in an upcoming planned study, and farms will be contacted for collaboration. This study will occur when further progress is achieved in activities of the earlier goat and sheep studies, which have been hindered by a backlog of samples for laboratory analyses and laboratory personnel limitations, exacerbated by COVID-19/pandemic restrictions. The study of Oklahoma State University with beef cattle and the same brackish water source used at Langston University compared with added NaCl was conducted in the summer/fall to end of 2019, and laboratory and statistical analyses for this study have been completed. The graduate student completed a MS program in the fall 2020 semester, and the thesis is listed later. Two other experiments were conducted in 2019 by visiting researchers from Morocco and Ethiopia, both supported by Fulbright Scholarships. The studies included two breeds of meat goats (Boer and Spanish), two levels of protein supplementation (approximately 0.14 and 0.28% body weight, dry matter basis), and three levels of drinking water salinity. Salinity levels in the first trial were fresh water (< 300 ppm TDS), 5,000 ppm TDS from added NaCl, and 10,000 ppm TDS from added NaCl. In the second trial, the moderate level of TDS was increased to 10,000 ppm and the high level was raised to 15,000 ppm in the first half of the study and to 20,000 ppm in the second half. An abstract oral presentation on some of the results of one experiment was given at the annual meeting of the Southern Section of the American Society of Animal Science on January 26-28, 2020. Moreover, an abstract and poster on data from the other experiment were presented at the 2020 annual meeting of the American Society of Animal Science, held virtually in July. Another abstract and poster presentation will be given on March 5-19, 2021, at the Oklahoma Research Day hosted by Cameron University, Lawton, but held virtually.
Publications
- Type:
Theses/Dissertations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
MOEHLENPAH, A. N. 2020. Water and forage intake, diet digestibility, and blood parameters for beef cows and growing heifers consuming water with varying concentrations of total dissolved salts. M.S. Thesis. Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
KELI, A., MERERA, C., PUCHALA, R., SCRONCE, A., RIBEIRO, L. P., LOURENCON, R., ROJAS, M., CALLE, M., AND GOETSCH, A. L. 2020. Effects of meat goat breed, salinity of drinking water, and level of protein supplementation on intake and digestion. J. Anim. Sci. 98(Suppl. S4):456.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
KELI, A., MERERA, C., PUCHALA, R., SCRONCE, A., RIBEIRO, L. P., LOURENCON, R., ROJAS, M., CALLE, M., AND GOETSCH, A. L. 2021. Effects of meat goat breed, salinity of drinking water, and level of protein supplementation on intake and digestion. Oklahoma Research Day. Cameron State University, Lawton, Oklahoma. March 5-19.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Submitted
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
RIBEIRO, L. P. S., PUCHALA, R., MOEHLENPAH, A., MERERA, C., AND GOETSCH, A. L. 2021. Effects of levels of brackish water and NaCl on water and feed intake by different breeds of goat and hair sheep yearlings. J. Anim. Sci. 99(Suppl.).
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Progress 03/01/19 to 02/29/20
Outputs
Target Audience:Primary target audiences for findings of this project are livestock producers and extension/outreach personnel, although animal science researchers and teachers will also have interest. Changes/Problems:There have not been changes or problems in this reporting period affecting the scope of objectives. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?A Postdoctoral Research Associate of Langston University received training and professional development in this project through the research conducted associated with the first study with small ruminants as well as the beef cattle study at Oklahoma State University. Likewise, a graduate student of Oklahoma State University provided assistance and received training in the first small ruminant experiment at Langston University, in addition to the Oklahoma State University study with beef cattle. The researchers from Morocco and Ethiopia on Fulbright Scholarships received training through their saline water studies as well as participation in many other research activities at Langston University. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?At this early stage of the project, there has been one abstract and associated oral presentation at the annual meeting of the Southern Section of the American Society of Animal Science on January 26-28, 2020 in Chattanooga, TN. There soon will be abstracts based on results of these studies submitted for the 2020 national meeting of the American Society of Animal Science in July in Madison, WI and the International Conference on Goats in October, 2020 in Hungary. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?An experiment at Langston University with mature sheep and goats will begin in early Spring. Laboratory and statistical analyses will continue for the experiments with animal activities completed in the first year of the project. Articles from this research will be prepared and submitted to peer-review journals in the second year. Samples of different sources of brackish/saline water in the region will be collected and analyzed to select ones with different characteristics for use in future research.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
The first experiment conducted with small ruminants at Langston University was with growing animals and three breeds of goats (Boer, Spanish, and Angor) and three breeds of sheep (Dorper, Katahdin, and St. Croix). There were six drinking water treatments, with different levels of TDS from minerals of a natural (groundwater) source of brackish water and added NaCl. The animal portion of the study occurred in January-July, 2019, and laboratory and statistical analyses are underway. A study with mature animals and the same breeds of goats and sheep will begin in late May-early April, 2020. The study of Oklahoma State University with beef cattle and the same brackish water source used at Langston University compared with added NaCl was conducted from the summer/fall to end of 2019, and laboratory and statistical analyses for this study are being conducted as well. Efforts are underway to collect samples of different sources of brackish/saline water in the region. Initially this is being attempted in collaboration with County Extension Educators of Oklahoma State University. But, because of relatively few samples collected thus far, other avenues of identifying potential water sources are being explored. Two other experiments were conducted in 2019 by visiting researchers from Morocco and Ethiopia, both supported by Fulbright Scholarships. The studies included two breeds of meat goats (Boer and Spanish), two levels of protein supplementation (approximately 0.14 and 0.28% body weight, dry matter basis), and three levels of drinking water salinity. Salinity levels in the first trial were fresh water (< 300 ppm TDS), 5,000 ppm TDS from added NaCl, and 10,000 ppm TDS from added NaCl. In the second trial, the moderate level of TDS was increased to 10,000 ppm and the high level was raised to 15,000 ppm in the first half of the study and to 20,000 ppm in the second half. An abstract presentation on some of the results of one experiment was given at the annual meeting of the Southern Section of the American Society of Animal Science on January 26-28, 2020. Abstracts based on other results of these studies will be submitted for the annual national meeting of the American Society of Animal Science in July, 2020 and the International Conference on Goats in October, 2020.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
MERERA, C., KELI, A., PUCHALA, R., SCRONCE, A., RIBEIRO, L., LOURENCON, R., WANG, W., AND GOETSCH, A. L. 2020. Effects of level of protein supplementation on intake of wheat straw and drinking water varying in salinity by Boer and Spanish goats. J. Anim. Sci. 98(Supplement). Abstract 66.
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