Progress 10/01/19 to 09/30/20
Outputs
Target Audience:PD's team has published related papers and books on the themes of the multi-state research with much broader audiences - researchers, graduate and undergraduatestudents, business entities and others interested in this very subject. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?A graduate student is currently being trained on various aspects of experimental design, laboratory analysis and bioreactor design for algal biomass production. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Through journal publications as listed under the Products section. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Optimize algal biomass production through nano-bubble technology. The PD has just started the project due to COVID 19.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
PD has just started the project related to task 2. The progress has been slow due to pandemic.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Oliveira, F.R., Surendra, K.C., Jaisi, D.P., Lu, H., and Khanal, S.K. 2020. Alleviating sulfide toxicity using biochar during anaerobic treatment of sulfate-laden wastewater with simultaneous recovery of sulfur-rich biochar as soil macro-nutrient. Bioresource Technology. 301:122711
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Oginni, O., Yakaboylu, G.A., Singh, K., Sabolsky, E.M., Unal-Tosun, G., Jaisi, D., Khanal, S.K., and Shah, A. 2020. Phosphorus adsorption behaviors of MgO modified biochars derived from waste woody biomass resources. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering. 8(2):103723.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Wells, J.M., Drielak, E., Surendra, K.C., and Khanal, S.K. 2020. Hot water pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass: Modeling the effects of temperature, enzyme and biomass loadings on sugar yield. Bioresource Technology. 300:122593.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Surendra, K.C., Tomberlin, J.K., van Huis A., Cammack, J.A., Heckmann. L-H.L., and Khanal, S.K. 2020. Rethinking organic wastes bioconversion: Evaluating the potential of the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L.) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) (BSF). Waste Management. 117: 58-80
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Progress 10/18/18 to 09/30/19
Outputs
Target Audience:Based on our on-going efforts on black soldier fly (BSF) research, we have been able to establish partnership with Hawaii Department of Agriculture (HDOA) to conduct scale-up studies for producing large amount of BSF larvae for aquatic feed production. We have also started a new project on nano-bubble technology in close partnership with HDOA. Changes/Problems:We are exploring the use of nano-bubble technology. We recently initiated this project and received funding from the college. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The project provided research opportunity for one graduate and one undergraduate students, and one post-doc. They were involved in Laboratory research, data analysis, journal paper preparation. They are continuing on the projects and learning new research skills to make a better contribution to the society. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?1. Oliveira, F. and Khanal, S.K*. Alleviating sulfide toxicity using biochar during anaerobic treatment of high-sulfate wastewater with sulfur recovery. 16th World Congress on Anaerobic Digestion, June 23-27, 2019, Delft, The Netherlands (Oral). 2. Invited speaker, Sun Grant Center Western Regional Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR (Aug 21, 2019). "Bioenergy and biobased products from biowastes/agri-residues." 3. Invited speaker, Special seminar at Shandong University, Qingdao (July 9, 2019). "Recovery of resources from wastes (water)" 4. Invited speaker, Special seminar at Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Jun 12, 2019). "Recovery of resources from wastes (water): some perspectives." 5. Invited speaker, International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Treatments and Managements, Yangling, China (May 6-9, 2019). "Organic wastes bioconversion via insect farming: opportunities and challenges." 6. Invited speaker, Special seminar at Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand (Apr 19, 2019). "Waste-to-resources: Some perspectives." What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Here we have 2 research projects that will be carried out: 1. The use of BSF to convert organic wastes into aquaculture feed is an emerging field. However, there is a clear need to apply engineering principles to design and operate efficient and safe BSF technologies. Development of system capable of effectively controlling proper temperature, air, and moisture within the reactors will allow three-dimensional (i.e., volume) use of space rather than utilization of two-dimensional (i.e., area) space that is currently being practiced. The growth reactors with built-in process control devices with provision for self-harvesting of BSF biomass will significantly reduce the amount of space and labor requirement for a waste-to-BSF system. This study will also generate data on microbial communities associated with the bioconversion process and the residual insect compost, and quantify the nutrient value and microbial safety of the BSF biomass and insect compost. In addition, a techno-economic analysis of the system will provide valuable insight in determining the commercial feasibility and applicability of the BSF technology. This study will generate pertinent scientific data for BSF process design and operation which could garner greater interest for the deployment of a relatively simple and robust solution to growing aquaculture feed demands and organic waste disposal problems especially in island environments. If successful, aquaculture feed from organic wastes via BSF larval lifecycle can displace a significant part of imported aquaculture feed with minimal land occupation for states like Hawaii and emerging Pacific Island economies which depend on imports and where land is at a premium and biowaste is in abundance. 2. Nanobubbles are an emerging technology in which ultrafine air or oxygen bubbles (100-200 nm) are generated to enhance oxygen mass transfer in the aqueous phase to improve the efficacy of biological systems. Many biological processes are mediated by microbes in which the availability of sufficient DO is critically important. These biological processes include removal of diverse contaminants such as organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus, and micropollutants among others by aerobic microbes, and recovery of valuable resources such as fungal protein, enzymes, bioplastics, nitrate, and algal cells etc. To the best of our knowledge, in-depth studies on nanobubble technology and its diverse applications are limited. Few studies showed better plant growth with nanobubbles and with shorter seed germination time, and improved water quality and pathogen deactivation. However, little baseline information is available with direct experimental evidence. We plan to test four types of nanobubble generators for the aforementioned applications to obtain the very first baseline data. Our research builds upon our years of research experience on various aspects of biological systems and oxygen mass transfer
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
During 2018-2019, we have completed the AD-biochar project and published one paper on this very concept. The AD-biochar study examined the use of biochar to alleviate sulfide toxicity to methanogens and sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) during anaerobic treatment of sulfate-rich wastewater with concomitant sulfur recovery. At the sulfate concentration of 6,000 mg SO42-/L, the dissolved sulfide (DS) of 131 mg S/L resulted in total volatile fatty acids concentration of 3,500 mg/L as acetic acid (HAc) and the reactors were on the verge of failure. Biochar removed >98% of H2S(g), 94% of DS and 89% of unionized sulfide (H2Saq). This study showed that biochar could effectively remove H2S from biogas, alleviate sulfide toxicity to MPA and SRB and promote stability of the anaerobic process. We have been able to attractand develop local colony of black soldier flies (BSF). BSF larvae can convert diverse organic wastes into protein and fat that can be processed into animal feed. Based on outcome of the project, we are now conducting new scale-up project with support from HDOA. We have just completed one state-of-the-art review on this very subject.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Phuttaro, C., Sawatdeenarunat, C., Surendra, K.C., Boonsawang, P., Chaiprapat, S., and Khanal, S.K. 2019. Anaerobic digestion of hydrothermally-pretreated lignocellulosic biomass: Influence of pretreatment temperatures, inhibitors and soluble organics on methane yield. Bioresource Technology. 284: 128-138.
- Type:
Book Chapters
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Rajendran, K., Surendra, K.C., Tomberlin, J.K., and Khanal, S.K. 2018. Insect-based biorefinery for bioenergy and biobased products: A critical review. In Waste Biorefinery: Potential and Perspectives. (eds. Ashok Pandey, Thallada Bhaskar, Ventaka Mohan, D.-J. Lee and Samir Kumar Khanal). Elsevier Inc., USA. Pp 657-669.
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