Progress 10/01/19 to 09/30/20
Outputs
Target Audience:Small to medium scale fruit and vegetable growers. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?An undergraduate student participated in this study, gaining valuable horticultural training How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Presentations (5) were made regarding goldenberries and strawberries at regional grower meetings. Flowering physiology work in strawberry has been published in refereed journals. . Durner, E.F. 2020. Enhancing Fall 'Albion' Strawberry Production With Holiday Light Strings. North Jersey Commercial Vegetable Growers Meeting, Flemington, NJ. February 26, 2020. Durner, E.F. 2020. Growing Goldenberries. North Jersey Commercial Vegetable Growers Meeting, Flemington, NJ. February 26, 2020. Durner, E.F. 2020. Growing Goldenberries. 2020 New Jersey Agricultural Convention and Trade Show (NJ ACTS) and New Jersey Vegetable Growers Meeting. Harrah;s Resort Hotel Convention Center, Atlantic City, New Jersey, February 5, 2020. Durner, E.F. 2020. Enhancing Fall "Albion" Strawberry Production. 2020 New Jersey Agricultural Convention and Trade Show (NJ ACTS) and New Jersey Vegetable Growers Meeting. Harrah;s Resort Hotel Convention Center, Atlantic City, New Jersey, February 5, 2020. Durner, E.F. 2020. Enhancing Fall 'Albion' Strawberry Production with Inexpensive Field Lighting_Does It Really Work? 2020 Mid-Atlantic Fruit and Vegetable Convention, Hershey, Pennsylvania, January 30, 2020. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We will be evaluating high tunnel production of goldenberries to alleviate the problems of low yield associated with the long growing season requirement of goldenberry. We will be evaluating fall season long-day strawberries from conditioned plug plants and the potential for extending their season with high tunnels and night interruption lighting to enhance the long-day flowering response. We will also continue the flower mapping / nitrogen fertilization work.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Goldenberry Sixty eight growers participated in on-farm goldenberry evaluation in 2020. As in 2018 and 2019, thorough grower evaluation of the 'Schoenbrunn Gold' genotype was limited in that many growers again reported that they did not harvest ripe fruit. The major factor contributing to this lack of production is the long growing season required by goldenberry. This limitation will be addressed in 2021 via a high tunnel trial at Rutgers Fruit Research Center in Cream Ridge, NJ. The work was planned for 2020, however, pandemic restrictions precluded a thorough evaluation of high tunnel production. One 50 foot gothic arched high tunnel was established to evaluate general feasibility of such an endeavor. Plants grew well and were much easier to manage in the high tunnel system than in the field, suggested that high tunnel production of goldenberries is worth pursuing. Growers have enjoyed participating in this work. Many growers did not submit comments regarding field performance of the genotype we sent them. Perhaps the lack of productivity has discouraged many of the participants. Strawberry A high tunnel trial assessing the feasibility of fall/winter production of transplants conditioned with daylength and nitrogen during propagation using the long-day cultivar 'Albion' was established at the Cream Ridge Research Center. To date (December 1) no fruit has been produced. Two growers are participating in the trial this year and will provide valuable feedback. A trial to evaluate flower mapping of the short-day cultivar 'Chandler' was established at each of two locations (Cream Ridge and Snyder Farm). Samples from each site have been flower mapped weekly during October and November to develop a baseline profile of floral status of a short day cultivar in the plasticulture system. In addition, plants were subjected to various nitrogen fertilization treatments (none, one application at 800 ppm (one week after floral initiation was observed), and two applications at 800 ppm (one and two weeks after floral initiation was observed). Floral status will be monitored over the winter and productivity monitored in the spring to assess whether or not specifically timed nitrogen applications based on floral status observed with flower mapping significantly affect production.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Durner, E.F., 2020. Growth of Seascape strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa Duch.) is altered by photoperiod and nitrogen conditioning. The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology,DOI:10.1080/14620316.2020.1719906.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Durner, E.F. 2020. Growing Goldenberries. Proceedings of the 2020 New Jersey Agricultural Convention and Trade Show (NJ ACTS) and New Jersey Vegetable Growers Meeting. Harrah's Resort Hotel Convention Center, Atlantic City, New Jersey.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Durner, E.F. 2020. Enhancing Fall Albion Strawberry Production. Proceedings of the 2020 New Jersey Agricultural Convention and Trade Show (NJ ACTS) and New Jersey Vegetable Growers Meeting. Harrah's Resort Hotel Convention Center, Atlantic City, New Jersey.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Durner, E.F. 2020. Enhancing Fall Albion Strawberry Production with Inexpensive Field Lighting_Does It Really Work? Proceedings of the 2020 Mid-Atlantic Fruit and Vegetable Convention, Hershey, Pennsylvania.
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Progress 10/11/18 to 09/30/19
Outputs
Target Audience:Small to medium scale fruit and vegetable growers. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?An undergraduate student worked on this research How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Durner, E.F. 2019. Fall Strawberries and Goldenberries: Alternative Annual Fruits for New Jersey Growers. 2019 New Jersey Agricultural Convention and Trade Show (NJ ACTS) and New Jersey Vegetable Growers Meeting. Harrah;s Resort Hotel Convention Center, Atlantic City, New Jersey, February 5, 2019. Durner, E.F. 2019. Goldenberries: A New Superfruit for North America. 2019 Mid-Atlantic Fruit and Vegetable Convention, Hershey, Pennsylvania, January 31, 2019. Durner, E.F. 2019. Strawberry Flower Mapping: Understanding Plant Development and Its Effect on Yield. 2019 Mid-Atlantic Fruit and Vegetable Convention, Hershey, Pennsylvania, January 31, 2019. Flowering physiology work in strawberry has been published in refereed journals. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We will be evaluating high tunnel production of goldenberries to alleviate the problems of low yield associated with the long growing season requirement of goldenberry. We will be evaluating fall season long-day strawberries from conditioned plug plants and the potential for extending their season with high tunnels and night interruption lighting to enhance the long-day flowering response.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Goldenberry One hundred thirty five growers participated in on-farm goldenberry evaluation in 2019. As in 2018, thorough grower evaluation of the 'Schoenbrunn Gold' genotype was limited in that many growers again reported that they did not harvest ripe fruit. The major factor contributing to this lack of production is the long growing season required by goldenberry. This limitation will be addressed in 2020 via a high tunnel trial at Rutgers Fruit Research Center in Cream Ridge, NJ. Based on general e-mail interactions with growers, many of them enjoyed participating in this work. Many growers did not submit comments regarding field performance of the genotype we sent them. Perhaps the lack of productivity has discouraged many of the participants. In another experiment, the number of fruit, average fruit weight and estimated potential yield per plant was assessed for 18globally sourced genotypes. No significant differences in yield were detected among the genotypes and productivity was greater in 2019 compared to the previous year Variability among goldenberry genotypes in 2019 was limited as in 2018. Again, two fruiting 'types' could be discerned among the 18 goldenberry lines evaluated: (1) genotypes producing smaller, marble sized and shaped fruit weighing approximately 2 - 5 g each and (2) genotypes producing larger, more irregularly shaped fruit weighing 5 - 8 g each. The average number of fruit per plant ranged from 240 to 742 and smaller fruited genotypes generally tended to produce more fruit per plant compared to larger fruited genotypes. Yield per plant ranged from as low as 900 g per plant (~1.9 lb) to as high as 2200 g per plant (4.9 lbs per plant). Fruit size and estimated yields were much higher in 2019 compared to 2018 and closer to previous estimates from 2017. Larger fruited genotypes had a more fruit-like, tropical flavor compared to the smaller fruited genotypes which often had a background bitter flavor and the bitter flavor did not make the smaller fruited genotypes undesirable. The larger fruited genotypes received more favorable comments from informal taste tests than the smaller fruited genotypes with respect to desirability, similar to 2018. All genotypes were fairly consistently attractive with nice fruit shapes (round rather than irregular) and color (golden yellow/orange). The larger fruited genotypes sometimes had slightly irregularly shaped fruit, however, they were still attractive and nicely colored. Based on general observations over the two year test period, we recommend growing goldenberries on black plastic mulch, with a simple trellis and pruning plants until the first bifurcation of the main stem. Strawberry A field trial assessing the fesibility of in-the-field daylength extension using low-cost light strings to enhance long-day flowering in strawberry was established at the Cream Ridge Researh Center.Yield through September from the Cream Ridge planting was on average 140 g/plant. At 15,000 plants per acre, this translates into ~4,600 lbs per acre. Additional fruit is harvested in October. With an establishment cost of $10,315 per acre, Net income per acre through September would be $8085 at $4.00/lb and $12685 at $5/lb. Two growers also participated in this study. Both growers were enthusiastic and established production plantings on their farms. Unfortunately, one grower produced no fruit due to deer damage and the other produced no fruit due to lack of weed control. Both growers will participate next season and both issues will be addressed as described above. We learned three valuable lessons this season: (1) deer protection must be implemented with this system and the simple temporary monofilament deer fence works well as demonstrated by its use at Cream Ridge; (2) Weed control is imperative with this system; (3) Pre-conditioned plug plants may be more suitable for growers since establishing field lighting is possible, but may be problematic for growers not near a source of electricity. With pre-conditioned plugs, no field lighting is needed.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Durner, E.F., 2019. Effective Analysis of Interactive Effects with Non-Normal Data Using the Aligned Rank Transform, ARTool and SAS� University Edition. Horticulturae 5(3): 57 69 https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae5030057
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Durner, E.F., 2019. Responses to nitrogen conditioning in Albion strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa Duch.) for off-season plasticulture production are primarily qualitative rather than quantitative. Scientia Horticulturae, 257 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2019.108684 , published online 18 July 2019.
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