Source: ALCORN STATE UNIVERSITY submitted to
IMPACT OF BIOTIC AND EDAPHIC FACTORS IN SUSTAINABLE CROP PRODUCTION
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1017570
Grant No.
(N/A)
Cumulative Award Amt.
(N/A)
Proposal No.
(N/A)
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Oct 17, 2018
Project End Date
Sep 30, 2021
Grant Year
(N/A)
Program Code
[(N/A)]- (N/A)
Project Director
Nanjundaswamy, AN.
Recipient Organization
ALCORN STATE UNIVERSITY
(N/A)
ALCORN STATE,MS 39096
Performing Department
Agriculture
Non Technical Summary
Crop production critically depends on healthy soil, optimal water and ideal climatic conditions. Even though optimal water and ideal climatic conditions were to prevail failure to have a healthy soil results in poor crop yields. Soil health in generally describes the state of plant nutrients, soil organic matter and soil microbial communities. Sustainable crop production or Sustainable agriculture is the new mantra for maintaining a steady health of the soil and associated factors that enables farmers for continued productivity. Sustainable agriculture will be achieved by carefully choosing crops in rotations during different seasons with least agricultural inputs such as fertilizers and chemicals. The present study will be focused on sustainable crop production by integrating crop rotation involving annual vegetables and fruits. During the study period various agronomic parameters associated with crop production such as pathogens, insects, soil microbes, soil organic matter and soil nutrient levels will be collected and used to infer the impact of these factors on crop production and productivity. This information will be very critical for developing a blueprint for sustainable vegetable production that is relevant to Mississippi.
Animal Health Component
10%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
80%
Applied
10%
Developmental
10%
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
1026199107050%
1022499116050%
Goals / Objectives
Goal: The overall goal of this project is to investigate the impact of microbial endophytes, pathogens, pests and soil parameters associated with sustainable crop production.Objectives: The objectives of this project are to (1) determine the growth and yield potential of fruit and vegetable crops produced in a sustainable cropping system (2) determine the quality of fresh and processed vegetable crops produced in sustainable cropping systems (3) determine the impact of cover cropping system on soil physical and chemical properties and soil microorganism populations (4) To evaluate insect pest population and develop monitoring tools in vegetables and correlate insect pest/pathogen damage and crop yield in different sustainable vegetable cropping systems
Project Methods
Field demonstration plots will be conducted each growing season to evaluate the effect of sustainable cropping systems on the growth performances and quality of selected crops. Experiments will be conducted at Alcorn Experiment Station in Lorman and Mound Bayou, MS.During each growing season the effect of inorganic or organic sources of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer applications will be evaluated for plant growth, soil microbial communities, pest and pathogen population, yield and quality under each cropping system. A split-plot arrangement in a randomized complete block design will be used for each study. The cropping systems will make up the main plots, whereas, the test crops will make up the subplots. Within row plant spacings will vary with crops. Moisture applications will be by natural rainfall and drip irrigation. Tillage, fertilizer applications, and pest control will vary with cropping systems. For sustainable cropping system the plots will be planted with appropriate cover crops at the end of each growing season to protect the soil from erosion and increase soil fertility when plowed in the soil the following growing season.The quality of harvested crops will be based on the visual ratings. Soil samples to be collected at soil depth 0-6" and 6-12" from each demonstration plotbefore and after each growing season will be analyzed for available nutrients, organic mattercontent, acidity, cation exchange capacity, nitrates and phosphates. Field plots will also beevaluated for compaction, water quality, state of microorganisms, and pesticides.Further, insect pests will be monitored in the field plots in all cropping systems. The process will include visual observation, sweep net counts and by installing yellow and blue sticky cards for different types of insects. Each sweep net sample will consist of 50 sweeps while walking through the field. Four random places in each field will be selected for sampling, each representing a replication. Four replications of yellow and blue sticky traps will be installed in each field. The insects will be collected weekly from each trap and identified. The fruit will be randomly collected over the growing season and at maturity and evaluated for loss due to insect feeding damage. A correlation will be developed between specific insect densities and feeding damage, and its effect on the yield will be determined. Different cover crop treatments will be selected for this study. Each cover crop will be sampled biweekly using a sweep net with four replications in each field. Both beneficial and pest insects will be collected and identified. New toxins from insects and plants will be extracted and identified. The toxicity and repellency bioassays of these natural compounds will be conducted against insect pests of vegetables in lab bioassays and in field plots. Data from gathered will be statistically analyzed.

Progress 10/01/19 to 09/30/20

Outputs
Target Audience:The target audiences werefarmers and ranchers in Mississippi. Also, graduate, and undergraduate students of Plant and Soil Science at Alcorn State University. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The research is a part of graduate student training and research findings will be part of the graduate research thesis. Graduate student has been trained in field sample collection, processing and data analysis. Graduate student also trained in writing scientific reports including thesis. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The results from the study will be published as a part of the graduate thesis. The results will also be published in peer reviewed journals. Results from the study will be disseminated among farmers and ranchers during Field Days and farmers meet. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?During the next reporting period we will be deciphering the results obtained from the sample analysis. Also, graduate student will be publishing her thesis. We anticipate at least one peer reviewed publication from this study by the next reporting period.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? During this period one graduate student who is also an Extension Agent of Alcorn State University was involved in collection field samples. The sampling involved collection root, shoot and soil samples during various growing season. Samples were cleaned and prepared for various analysis. Soil samples will be analyzed for proximate analysis and microbial diversity. While the root and shoot samples will be analyzed for microbial diversity.

Publications


    Progress 10/17/18 to 09/30/19

    Outputs
    Target Audience:Graduate student, undergraduate students enrolled in the research program were trained in various aspects of sustanable crop production oand IPM. The experimental plots were also used as demonstration plots during farmers visit. The research project involved a graduate student who is also an area extension agent which would help in assisting farmers in the sustainable vegetable crop prodcution. Changes/Problems:In the late summer 2018 experiment was initiated at Alcorn State University Experiment Station, Lorman with plot which was previously left fallow. The land was prepared during April and following which a split plot design was followed with following crops. Southern Peas (SP), Hot Pepper (HP), Summer squash (SS); Southern Peas/Majoram (SP-M), Hot Pepper/Basil (HP-B), Summer Squash/Coriander (SS-C). Unfortunately the within four weeks after planting the plot was overtaken by weeds due to sever rains and entire experiment has to be aborted for the period. The experiment was conducted by the graduate student. A complete evaluation of the plot and outcome were noted and a new plot with weed control strategy was employed for the following season and experiment. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Recruted students were traning in the outline of the research and data collection. Graduate student was speciafically trained to develp hypothesis driven research question and how to test the hypothesis. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Student Research Presentations Abstracts J. Johnson, L. Ross, D.J. Collins, and K. Mandyam. 2019 Isolation and characterization of Trichoderma isolates from energy grass Giant Miscanthus (Miscanthus giganteus. 1890 Association of Research Directors Research Symposium March 30-April 2019 Jacksonville, FL. L. Ross, J. Pecchia, and F. Vieira. 2019 Understanding the biocontrol of Trichoderma species associated with Agaricus bisporus mushroom production. 1890 Association of Research Directors Research Symposium March 30-April 2019 Jacksonville, FL. T. Peoples, and K. Hockett. 2019 The Great Microbial Colonization. 1890 Association of Research Directors Research Symposium March 30-April 2019 Jacksonville, FL. Rice, T. Dapremont, and C. McGee, V. Ferchaud, V. Manrique, Y. Qi, D. J. Collins, L. Ross, D. Owens, T. Peoples, K. Robinson, and L. Anderson-Hodges C. Zhang, T. Rashid, A. Muhammad, and F. Mrema. 2019 Characterization of the Phytobiome of Rural and Urban Loblolly Pines in Mississippi and Louisiana. 1890 Association of Research Directors Research Symposium March 30-April 2019 Jacksonville, FL D. J. Collins, C. Zhang K. Mandyam T. Rashid, J, Johnson G. Winters, and T. Peoples 2018. Capacity building in small farm IPM at Alcorn State University. 9th International IPM Symposium March 19-22, 2019 Baltimore, MD. D. J. Collins, L. Ross, and Q. Collins 2019 Agricultural Research and Extension Experiences for K-12 Students: Alcorn State University's Novel Approach to Recruiting and Engaging Women and Girls in Plant Pathology Research and Education. Jackson State University Women in STEM Symposium. Jackson, MS 2019. Natchez Community Garden IPM Project Lane Ross, Derrick Owens, and Kaleab Robinson are assisting me in the planting, and management of a Community Garden in north Natchez, MS. The students are incorporating the latest IPM research and extension practices in growing organic fresh vegetable and fruit for clientele in the Maryland Heights community. This project is impacting over 200 people, students are getting hands on experience in plant diagnostic in plant pathology, entomology, and plant nutrition and soil fertility. Mound Bayou Vegetable Workshop Lane Ross, Derrick Owens, and Kaleab Robinson assisted Dr. Rashid and I with an IPM workshop in Mound Bayou, MS 2018 Awarded B.S. Degree in Agricultural Sciences Tim Peoples B.S. Agricultural Sciences Fall 2019 James Johnson B. S. Agricultural Sciences Spring 2018 with Honors (Cum Laude) What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Investigators and student participants would actively gather results and analyze them and present in regional and national conferences in their respective fields. The research plots would be used as demonstration plots for farmer training.

    Impacts
    What was accomplished under these goals? One graduate student and four undergraduate students were identified to work in the research project. The project involved field experiments. An ideal site was intiatially identified and prepared for conductiong the experiments. Researchers were also designed and develped plans for conducting IPM in vegetable crops.

    Publications