Progress 11/15/18 to 11/14/23
Outputs
Target Audience:This annual project report provides information to a diverse target audience on the NNF project activities and achievements for the fiscal year. Specifically, the project will benefit the forest products industry, pulp and paper companies, animal science and technology, and food science, as well as swine farms and society as a whole. In addition, we have presented at local and national conferences, where many experts in the field were participated, including governmental officers, industry researchers, university faculty, and graduate students. In addition, we had activities targeting high school and middle school students to provide an awareness of STEM careers. The NNF program support together with our capabilities and resources has provided opportunities for enhanced biomass utilization towards oligosaccharide production, which are the sustainable solutions capable of promoting the well-being of society, while minimizing the environmental impact. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Faculty members and graduate students have served as co-developers and teaching assistants for the four grant-supported online courses: The Sustainable Bioeconomy, Biomass Conversion, Strategic Business Analysis for the Bioeconomy, and Environmental Life Cycle Analysis. These experiences provided graduate students with teaching practice and exposed them to student-centered pedagogical practices. In addition, two of our Fellows had an opportunity for professional development (a) Internship at University of Maine. This was a six-month research intern. Fellow student was able to interact with the leaders and learn/contribute to their research work. (b) Teaching a course at North Carolina Central University. Fellow student taught the class (ENSC 1000 Introduction to Sustainable Planet) for their sophomore students. NCCU is one of the strong historically black colleges in North Carolina. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?- Journal publication as reported - Conference presentations at local and national conferences. - Teaching classes with the content from this project. - STEM program for high school and middle school students - In addition, the graduate students have been mentoring undergraduate students who are assisting in the development of lab activities. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
The objective of this proposal is to develop an education program for a new generation of researchers who understand both the areas of Forest Resources and Animal Production, and can analyze this coupled system using a life cycle analysis approach.This experience has effectively honed the laboratory skills of our three students, leading to a substantial amount of learning and valuable research experience gained. Has improved communication skills for scientific presentations and for communicating with laymen. Two of them completed the Ph.D. program, and one of them is in her Ph.D. candidacy. For two Ph.D. graduates, one moved to Carthage Inc. as a nutritionist (Carthage is the 6th largest pig producer in the US), and the other is a postdoc at the University of Maine.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
Baker, J. T., M. E. Duarte, and S. W. Kim. 2024. Effects of dietary xylanase supplementation on growth performance, intestinal health, and immune response of nursery pigs fed diets with reduced metabolizable energy. Journal of Animal Science. 2024, DOI:10.1093/jas/skae026
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Baker, J. T., M. E. Duarte, and S. W. Kim. 2023. 273 Effects of reducing metabolizable energy and supplemental fat on intestinal health, mucosa associated microbiota and growth performance of nursery pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 101 (Suppl. 3):193. doi:10.1093/jas/skad281.234.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Baker, J. T., M. E. Duarte, A. R. Gormley, K. B. Jang, and S. W. Kim. 2023. 275 Effects of increased NSP with or without NSPase supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, intestinal health, immune status, and modulation of the intestinal microbiome of nursery pigs and the subsequent implications on early and late grower phase performance. J. Anim. Sci. 101 (Suppl. 3):192. doi:10.1093/jas/skad281.233.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Baker, J. T., Duarte, M. E. and S. W. Kim. 2022. 275 Effects of reduced metabolizable energy by reducing fat supplementation on growth performance and intestinal health of nursery pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 100 (Suppl. 3):120-120. doi:10.1093/jas/skac247.230.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Baker, J. T. and S. W. Kim. 2022. 265 Effects of non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzymes+lysophospholipids in feed with varied ME contents on growth performance and nutrient utilization of ipgs from 25 to 75 kg BW. J. Anim. Sci. 100 (Suppl. 3):116-116. doi:10.1093/jas/skac247.223.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Baker, J. T., M. E. Duarte, D. M. Holanda, and S. W. Kim. 2021. Friend or foe? Impacts of dietary xylans, xylooligosaccharides, and xylanase on intestinal health and growth performance of monogastric animals. Animals 11:609. doi:10.3390/ani11030609.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
Forfora, N.; Azuaje, I; Kanipe, T.; Gonzalez, J.A.; Lendewig, M.; Urdaneta, I.; Venditti, R.; Gonzalez, R.; Argyropoulos, D. Are Starch-Based Materials More Eco-Friendly than Fossil-Based? A Critical Assessment. Journal of Cleaner Production, accepted
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Kanipe, T.; Meza, L.; Chang, H.; Park, S.; Venditti, R. Developing a Chemical Platform Based on Cottonseed Oil to Develop Value Added Chemicals. Conference Proceedings, Vol. II Poster Presentations, ISWFPC 2023, Venice, Italy, 4th-7th July 2023, C. Crestini, H. Lange, M. Gigli, M. Sgarzi (eds.)
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Kanipe, T.; Meza, L.; Park, S.; Venditti, R. Developing a Functional Finish Based on Cottonseed Oil. Oral Presentation at 74th Annual Southeast Regional Meeting of the American Chemical Society in Durham, NC, October 25-28, 2023.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Meza, L.; Kanipe, T.; Rasines, A.; Chang, H.; Park, S.; Venditti, R. Epoxidized Cottonseed Oil: Preparation, Characterization, and Applications. Poster Presentation at Valmet Workshop, Raleigh, NC, October 27, 2022.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
A. Miller, L. Wang, D. Gardner, R. Venditti, S. Park*, Toughened renewable bio-polyester blends achieved through crystallization retardation by acetylated cellulose fibers, ACS Applied Polymer Materials, 5: 690-699 (2022)
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Progress 11/15/21 to 11/14/22
Outputs
Target Audience:This annual project report provides information to a diverse target audience on the NNF project activities and achievements for the fiscal year. Specifically, the project will benefit forest products industry, pulp and paper companies, animal science and technology, and food science as well as swine farm and, and society as a whole. In addition, we have presented at local and national conferences, where many experts in the field were participated, including governmental officers, industry researchers, university faculty, and graduate students. The NNF program support together with our capabilities and resources has provided opportunities for enhanced biomass utilization towards oligosaccharide production, which are the sustainable solutions capable of promoting the well-being of society while minimizing the environmental impact. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Faculty members and graduate students have served as co-developers and teaching assistants for the four grant-supported online courses: The Sustainable Bioeconomy, Biomass Conversion, Strategic Business Analysis for the Bioeconomy, and Environmental Life Cycle Analysis. These experiences provided graduate students with teaching practice and exposed them to student-centered pedagogical practices. In addition, two of our Fellows had an opportunity for professional development (a) Internship at University of Maine. This was a six-month research intern. Fellow student was able to interact with the leaders and learn/contribute to their research work. (b) Teaching a course at North Carolina Central University. Fellow student taught the class (ENSC 1000 Introduction to Sustainable Planet) for their sophomore students. NCCU is one of the strong historically black colleges in North Carolina. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?- Journal publication as reported - Conference presentations at local and national conferences. - Teaching classes with the content from this project. - In addition, the graduate students have been mentoring undergraduate students who are assisting in the development of lab activities. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We will follow the schedule as described in the project proposal.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
The objective of this proposal is to develop an education program for a new generation of researchers who understand both the areas of Forest Resources and Animal Production, and can analyze this coupled system using a life cycle analysis approach. We have two new journal articles published this year. Here are the abstracts: This study aimed to investigate efficacy of the combinational use of non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzymes (NSPase) and lysophospholipids (LPL) on growth performance and nutrient utilization in pigs fed feeds with varied metabolizable energy (ME) levels. Grower pigs (n = 270; 28.1 ± 0.6 kg BW) were allotted in a randomized complete block design with a 3 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments fed for 51 d in 2 phases (30 and 21 d, respectively). Two factors were ME (3,260, 3,335, and 3,410 kcal/kg) and NSPase + LPL (ELPL at 0.00, 0.05, and 0.10%). Growth performance and backfat were measured. Blood was collected to measure plasma urea nitrogen (PUN) concentrations. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure on SAS 9.4. Increasing ME tended to increase (P = 0.066) ADG during Grower 2 and increased (P < 0.05) G/F during the overall period. Increasing ELPL supplementation increased (P < 0.05) both ADG and ADFI during Grower 2, whereas it tended to reduce (P = 0.084) G/F during the overall period. Supplemental effects of ELPL on increasing ADG was prominent (P < 0.05) at high ME content (3% above NRC requirement). Supplementation of ELPL tended to reduce (P = 0. 057) G/F during Grower 2 at low ME content (3% below NRC requirements). Backfat thickness and NEFA were not influenced by 2 factors. Increasing ME increased (P < 0.05) PUN during Grower 1 whereas increasing ELPL tended to increase (P = 0.077) PUN during Grower 2. In conclusion, supplementation of ELPL enhanced growth and feed intake of pigs from 50 to 75 kg BW, especially when dietary ME was above NRC requirement (3%) by fat supplementation (4%). These improvements may be due to increased nutrient utilization as indirectly indicated by increased PUN during fed status. This study aimed to investigate the effects of reducing metabolizable energy (ME) by reducing fat supplementation on growth performance and intestinal health of nursery pigs. Nursery pigs (n = 120; 7.3 ± 0.6 kg BW) were allotted in a randomized complete block design with sex and initial BW as blocks. Pigs were assigned to 5 dietary treatments with decreasing ME levels (3,400, 3,375, 3,350, 3,325, and 3,300 kcal/kg ME). ME content was gradually reduced by reducing fat supplementation (2%). Pigs were fed for 35 d in 2 phases (P1: 14 d and P2: 21 d). Titanium dioxide was added (0.4%) to P2 diets as an indigestible external marker to measure apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of nutrients. At d 35, a pig with median BW of each pen in 2 treatments (3,400 and 3,300 kcal/kg) was euthanized for sampling jejunal mucosa to analyze oxidative stress and immune status. Jejunal digesta was collected to measure viscosity. Ileal digesta was collected to analyze AID of nutrients. Data were analyzed using SAS. Reducing ME level by 3% (100 kcal/kg) had no effect on growth performance. The 3,300 kcal/kg diet reduced (P < 0.05) AID of DM (59.5 to 47.3%), GE (59.1 to 43.0%), CP (63.4 to 44.6%), and EE (67.7 to 55.2%), increased (P < 0.05) digesta viscosity (1.7 to 2.2 cP) and VH:CD (1.64 to 1.80), and decreased (P < 0.05) VH (467 to 433 µm) when compared with 3,400 kcal/kg diet. Additionally, the 3,300 kcal/kg diet increased (P < 0.05) the concentration of protein carbonyl (0.18 to 0.40 nmol/mg) in the jejunal mucosa. In conclusion, reducing ME by reducing fat supplementation by 2% increased the viscosity of jejunal digesta and protein carbonyl in the jejunal mucosa, resulting in decreased villus height and nutrient digestibility, without affecting growth performance.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Jonathan T. Baker, Marcos E. Duarte, Debora M. Holanda and Sung Woo Kim, Friend or Foe? Impacts of Dietary Xylans, Xylooligosaccharides, and Xylanases on Intestinal Health and Growth Performance of Monogastric Animals, Animals, 2021, 11(3):609
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Baker, J. T., Duarte, M. E. and S. W. Kim. 2022. 275 Effects of reduced metabolizable energy by reducing fat supplementation on growth performance and intestinal health of nursery pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 100 (Suppl. 3):120-120. doi:10.1093/jas/skac247.230.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Baker, J. T. and S. W. Kim. 2022. 265 Effects of non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzymes+lysophospholipids in feed with varied ME contents on growth performance and nutrient utilization of ipgs from 25 to 75 kg BW. J. Anim. Sci. 100 (Suppl. 3):116-116. doi:10.1093/jas/skac247.223.
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Progress 11/15/20 to 11/14/21
Outputs
Target Audience:This annual project report provides information to a diverse target audience on the NNF project activities and achievements for the fiscal year. Specifically, the project will benefit forest products industry, pulp and paper companies, animal science and technology, and food science as well as swine farm and, and society as a whole. In addition, we have presented at local and national conferences, where many experts in the field were participated, including governmental officers, industry researchers, university faculty, and graduate students. The NNF program support together with our capabilities and resources has provided opportunities for enhanced biomass utilization towards oligosaccharide production, which are the sustainable solutions capable of promoting the well-being of society while minimizing the environmental impact. Changes/Problems:One Fellow decided to leave the program by the end of Dec 2021. A new Fellow will be soon recruited to fill in the position. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Faculty members and graduate students have served as co-developers and teaching assistants for the four grant-supported online courses: The Sustainable Bioeconomy, Biomass Conversion, Strategic Business Analysis for the Bioeconomy, and Environmental Life Cycle Analysis. These experiences provided graduate students with teaching practice and exposed them to student-centered pedagogical practices. In addition, two of our Fellows had an opportunity for professional development (a) Internship at Eastman Chemicals. This was a five-month research intern. Fellow student was able to interact with the industry leaders and learn/contribute to their research work. (b) Teaching a course at North Carolina Central University. Fellow student taught the class (ENSC 1000 Introduction to Sustainable Planet) for their sophomore students. NCCU is one of the strong historically black colleges in North Carolina. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?- Journal publication as reported - Conference presentations at local and national conferences. - Teaching classes with the content from this project. - In addition, the graduate students have been mentoring undergraduate students who are assisting in the development of lab activities. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We will follow the schedule as described in the project proposal.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
The objective of this proposal is to develop an education program for a new generation of researchers who understand both the areas of Forest Resources and Animal Production, and can analyze this coupled system using a life cycle analysis approach. We have a journal article published this year. Here is the abstract: This paper discusses the structural difference and role of xylan, procedures involved in the production of xylooligosaccharides (XOS), and their implementation into animal feeds. Xylan is non-starch polysaccharides that share a β-(1-4)-linked xylopyranose backbone as a common feature. Due to the myriad of residues that can be substituted on the polymers within the xylan family, more anti-nutritional factors are associated with certain types of xylan than others. XOS are sugar oligomers extracted from xylan-containing lignocellulosic materials, such as crop residues, wood, and herbaceous biomass, that possess prebiotic effects. XOS can also be produced in the intestine of monogastric animals to some extent when exogenous enzymes, such as xylanase, are added to the feed. Xylanase supplementation is a common practice within both swine and poultry production to reduce intestinal viscosity and improve digestive utilization of nutrients. The efficacy of xylanase supplementation varies widely due a number of factors, one of which being the presence of xylanase inhibitors present in common feedstuffs. The use of prebiotics in animal feeding is gaining popularity as producers look to accelerate growth rate, enhance intestinal health, and improve other production parameters in an attempt to provide a safe and sustainable food product. Available research on the impact of xylan, XOS, as well as xylanase on the growth and health of swine and poultry, is also summarized. The response to xylanase supplementation in swine and poultry feeds is highly variable and whether the benefits are a result of nutrient release from NSP, reduction in digesta viscosity, production of short chain xylooligosaccharides or a combination of these is still in question. XOS supplementation seems to benefit both swine and poultry at various stages of production, as well as varying levels of XOS purity and degree of polymerization; however, further research is needed to elucidate the ideal dosage, purity, and degree of polymerization needed to confer benefits on intestinal health and performance in each respective species.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Jonathan T. Baker, Marcos E. Duarte, Debora M. Holanda and Sung Woo Kim, Friend or Foe? Impacts of Dietary Xylans, Xylooligosaccharides, and Xylanases on Intestinal Health and Growth Performance of Monogastric Animals, Animals, 2021, 11(3):609
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Progress 11/15/19 to 11/14/20
Outputs
Target Audience:This annual project report provides information to a diverse target audience on the NNF project activities and achievements for the fiscal year. Specifically, the project will benefit forest products industry, pulp and paper companies, animal science and technology, and food science as well as swine farm and, and society as a whole. In addition, we have presented at local and national conferences, where many experts in the field were participated, including governmental officers, industry researchers, university faculty, and graduate students. The NNF program support together with our capabilities and resources has provided opportunities for enhanced biomass utilization towards oligosaccharide production, which are the sustainable solutions capable of promoting the well-being of society while minimizing the environmental impact. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Faculty members and graduate students have served as co-developers and teaching assistants for the four grant-supported online courses: The Sustainable Bioeconomy, Biomass Conversion, Strategic Business Analysis for the Bioeconomy, and Environmental Life Cycle Analysis. These experiences provided graduate students with teaching practice and exposed them to student-centered pedagogical practices. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Graduate students also presented conference presentations at local and national conferences. In addition, the graduate students have been mentoring undergraduate students who are assisting in the development of lab activities. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We will follow the schedule as described in the project proposal.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
The objective of this proposal is to develop an education program for a new generation of researchers who understand both the areas of Forest Resources and Animal Production, and can analyze this coupled system using a life cycle analysis approach. We have successfully recruited three Ph.D. students and they are currently working in this program. This year, we have focused on the second goal - Development and testing of novel biomaterials. Specifically, the production of a high-value xylooligosaccharide (XOS) prebiotic were studied. With an increased awareness of health and wellness, prebiotics have received a great amount of attention recently. Autohydrolyzate (hydrothermal treatment) of hardwood or non-woody biomass was characterized to have a better understanding on its chemistry. It was found that over 30% of the XOS in autohydrolyzate was found to be likely associated with lignin, all of which was removed during the hydrophobic resin treatment process along with over 90% of the dissolved lignin. In addition, the autohydrolyzate was evaluated for its prebiotic effect by fermentation of Lactobacillus brevis strain. It showed that mixed oligosaccharides in the autohydrolyzate from Miscanthus have considerable potential as a prebiotic and are comparable with commercial xylooligosaccharides derived products.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Griffin Miller, Richard Venditti, and Sunkyu Park, Utilization of Autohydrolysis as a Pathway to Value-Added Products and Sustainable Materials from Biomass, AIChE Meeting, Virtual, November 2020.
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Progress 11/15/18 to 11/14/19
Outputs
Target Audience:This annual project report provides information to a diverse target audience on the NNF project activities and achievements for the fiscal year. Specifically, the project will benefit forest products industry, pulp and paper companies, animal science and technology, and food science as well as swine farm and, and society as a whole. In addition, we have presented at local and national conferences, where many experts in the field were participated, including governmental officers, industry researchers, university faculty, and graduate students. The NNF program support together with our capabilities and resources has provided opportunities for enhanced biomass utilization towards oligosaccharide production, which are the sustainable solutions capable of promoting the well-being of society while minimizing the environmental impact. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Faculty members and graduate studentshave served as co-developers and teaching assistants for the four grant-supported online courses: The Sustainable Bioeconomy, Biomass Conversion, Strategic Business Analysis for the Bioeconomy, and Environmental Life Cycle Analysis. These experiences provided graduate students with teaching practice and exposed them to student-centered pedagogical practices. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?
Nothing Reported
What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We will recruit two more NNF Fellows.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
One student has been successfully recruited for the project. His name is Griffin Miller. We will have two more NNF Fellows to join for Spring 2020.
Publications
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