Progress 08/01/18 to 07/31/21
Outputs
Target Audience:Nationwide scientific community of mass spectrometry and pesticide analysis: the results have been presented and shared at national ASMS Conference. Students and faculty of the SCSU community: The results and the resources from this project will provide future opportunities in analytical chemistry and other areas for the University students and faculty members in exploring new scientific topics. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Two undergraduate students, one high school student and one graduate student were trained on the following: Fundamental lab skills: lab safety, cleaning, weighing, solution making, hazardous waste management, data logging, etc. Writing skills and literature searching/reviewing on given topics Quantitative concepts and quantification calculations Sample preparation: QuChERS procedure and standard solution making Instrument principles and operation: Freeze mill, centrifuge, LC and MS principles Communication skills: oral, writing, presentation Time management and accountability The faculty benefited from the following: Received training on pesticide analysis with Agilent software Attended numerous online and in-person seminars/webinars and workshops related to LC-MS Took multiple Agilent on-line courses for new advanced technologies in sample preparation and LC-MS instrumentation. Learned mentoring skills for student researchers Attended and presented at national ASMS Conference and networked with colleagues within the community of interest. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The results have been presented to interested scientific community at 2020 ASMS Reboot Conference, June 1-12, 2020. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
With the strong support of the 1890 Program, an analytical lab equipped with a high-resolution accurate mass spectrometer was established. The main core instrument is an Agilent 6545 Quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (QTOF MS) coupled with 1260 Infinity liquid chromatograph (LC). The system is capable of both qualitative and quantitative analysis. Experimental protocols, including sample preparation (homogenization, extraction, cleanup), LC-MS analytical methods and data processing procedures were developed. Student training plans were developed, including lab safety, quantification calculations, LC and MS principles, lab skills (cleaning, solution making, hazardous waste management, data logging, etc.). Fresh celery was homogenized and extracted following QuEChERS procedures. LC-MS analysis was performed on celery samples to evaluate the effect of various pre-processing methods in reducing pesticide residues levels. The LC-MS data obtained was processed and analyzed using Agilent Mass Hunter programs along with the Agilent All-Ion algorithm. The results were included in a research poster and presented at the national ASMS Conference.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Zaijing Sun, Yaoling Long. A Study of the Organic and Nonorganic Food Ingredients with Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis. Accepted. Radiation Science and Technology, 2021
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Yaoling Long, Ebony Thornton. Evaluation of food processing methods in removing pesticide residues in celery LC/Q-TOF MS analysis. Poster Presentation, 2020 ASMS Reboot Conference, June 1 12, 2020, Virtual
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Progress 10/01/19 to 09/30/20
Outputs
Target Audience: Research individuals/groups who are interested in the use, fate, transformation, toxicology, and regulation of pesticides; Farmers who grow such fruits/vegetables in a conventional (with the use of synthetic pesticides) or non-conventional (organic or natural farming) ways; General public/consumers, especially low-income populations (who are not able to afford organic foods), who are interested in and need more educational information on pesticides residues in foods. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? The project has provided opportunities for the PI and the student attending Agilent mass spectrometry training courses. The PI attended the 68th ASMS conference and attended poster and oral sessions. The PI took on-line courses and workshop for new advanced technologies in LC-MS and reviewed online ASMS conference resources, focusing on research on food safety and small molecules analysis using LC-Q-TOF instrumentation and application on pesticides analysis. The PI has taken multiple Agilent on-line courses for new advanced technologies in sample preparation and LC-MS instrumentation and attended live webinar series, including sample preparation, LC/MS QQQ data acquisition / MassHunter Quantitative Analysis, Advancements in Liquid Chromatography Method Development and Method Optimization, Cannabis analysis, etc. Evaluation of food processing methods in removing pesticide residues in celery - LC/Q-TOF MS analysis" has been submitted and accepted at the ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics. The student did a research presentation on the 68th ASMS conference How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Conference presentation: Yaoling Long, Ebony Thornton,"Evaluation of food processing methods in removing pesticide residues in celery - LC/Q-TOF MS analysis" has been submitted and accepted at the ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics. online, 06/01-12/2020. The student dida research presentation on the 68th ASMS conference. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? The PI will develop method for the analysis of polar pesticides in foods. The PI will conduct polar pesticide analysis using pesticide standards. Sample preparation methods for different type of pesticides will be optimized. Pesticide residues in food samples will be quantified and different food processing methods will be compared.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
This 1890 sponsored project was created to investigate pesticide residues in foods which are certain vegetables and fruits. An analytical lab (with power, temperature control, fume hood, and other lab supplies and equipment etc.) has been set up and an Agilent 6545 liquid chromatography quadruple time of flight mass spectrometer (LC Q-TOF MS) has been purchased and installed in the lab. The LC Q-TOF MS is the dedicated instrument for the analysis of pesticide residues. The training on the operation and maintenance of the instrument has been completed. One undergraduate student was trained on lab safety, literature review, sample preparation in a systematic way from sample cleaning to homogenization, extraction and SPE clean-up, LC-MS instrumentation, data processing, etc. Celery was preprocessed with different processing methods and homogenized under liquid N2 using a freezer mill. All the homogenized samples were extracted and further purified using QuEChERS method before LC-MS analysis. The food processing methods include: (1) No washing; (2) Rinsing with tap water for 1 minute; (3) Soaking in 1% Veggie-wash for 10 minutes and then rinsing with tap water for 1 minute; (4) Soaking in water for 10 minutes and then rinsing with tap water for 1 minute. (5) Scrubbing with salt for 1 minute and then rinsing with tap water for 1 minute; (6) Scrubbing with Veggie-wash for 1 minute and then rinsing with tap water for 1 minute; (7) Sonication at 35 ºC, 80 KHz for 10 minutes and then rinsing with tap water for 1 minute; (8) Scrubbing with kitchen vinegar for 1 minute and then rinsing with tap water for 1 minute; (9) steam for 1 minute and then rinsing with tap water for 1 minute; (10) Scrubbing with baking powder for 1minute and then rinsing with tap water for 1 minute. Extracted celery samples were analyzed with LC-MS using the Agilent All ions MS/MS technique and pesticide candidates were found in the samples after data processing and database searching. Before ordering pesticide standards for testing on LC-MS, pesticide candidates were further checked and selected in raw data, by manually comparing with fragments/precursor ion graphs in PCDL database. Lab supplies including pesticide standards and consumables were requested and ordered afterwards. Preliminary results regarding the comparison of different celery (organic and conventional) and different food processing methods were obtained. Abstract "Evaluation of food processing methods in removing pesticide residues in celery - LC/Q-TOF MS analysis" has been submitted and accepted at the ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics. The student did a research presentation on the 68th ASMS conference. The PI attended the 68th ASMS conference and attended poster and oral sessions. The PI took on-line courses and workshop for new advanced technologies in LC-MS and reviewed online ASMS conference resources, focusing on research on food safety and small molecules analysis using LC-Q-TOF instrumentation and application on pesticides analysis. The PI has taken multiple Agilent on-line courses for new advanced technologies in sample preparation and LC-MS instrumentation and attended live webinar series, including sample preparation, LC/MS QQQ data acquisition / MassHunter Quantitative Analysis, Advancements in Liquid Chromatography Method Development and Method Optimization, Cannabis analysis, etc. A literature review report was drafted by the undergraduate student. A technical report and a poster were drafted for the analysis of metals in organic and non-organic foods.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Yaoling Long, Ebony Thornton, Evaluation of food processing methods in removing pesticide residues in celery LC/Q-TOF MS analysis. The 68th ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics, online, 06/01-12/2020
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Progress 10/01/18 to 09/30/19
Outputs
Target Audience:
Nothing Reported
Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The PI attended the 67th ASMS conference and met with Agilent scientists and engineers by attending Agilent events including the users meeting, the seminars, Agilent booth and hospitality suite, consulted the LC-Q-TOF instrumentation and application on pesticides analysis. Attended poster and oral sessions, and closing event, communicating with colleagues a lot and mainly focused on food safety and small molecules analysis (identification and quantitation), LC/MS sample preparation, etc. The development of polymeric LC columns improves the analysis of pesticides (and other compounds). How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?
Nothing Reported
What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? The PI will be trained by Agilent application scientist for the LC/MS pesticide analysis. The PI will start LC/MS method development for pesticide analysis (polar, mid-polar and non-polar pesticides) using pesticide standards which were detected in celery samples. Sample preparation methods for different type of pesticides will be optimized. Pesticide residues in celery samples will be quantified and different food processing methods will be compared. Other fruits and vegetables like strawberry, grape, spinach etc. will be test after celery test is completed. The PI will start hands on training on undergraduate students in sample preparation, instrumentation, method development, etc.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
The lab has been evaluated and inspected by Physical Plant for the purpose of remodeling, including the electrical outlet, ceiling, fume hood, and internet. The ceiling has been modified to fit the mass spectrometer instrument. 8KVA UPS has been installed by our facilities team by changing the original wire to 60 Amp 3-conductor wires and breaker, which will provide conditioned power for the LC-Q-TOF system. A water purification system for LC/MS and sample preparation, freezer, freezer mill and centrifuge, fume hood have been installed in the lab. Supplies for sample preparation and new lab set-up are ordered. Installation of the main instrument LC-Q-TOF was completed. The PI was trained and got familiarized with the operation of the instrument. Regular Celery and Organic Celery with different processing methods were homogenized under liquid N2 using the freezer mill. Part of the homogenized samples were extracted and further purified using QuEChERS method before LC-MS analysis. The food processing methods include: (1) No washing; (2) Rinsing with tap water for 30 seconds; (3) Scrubbing with baking powder for 30 seconds and then rinsing with tap water for 30 seconds; (4) Scrubbing with kitchen vinegar for 30 seconds and then rinsing with tap water for 30 seconds; (5) Scrubbing with Veggie-wash for 30 seconds and then rinsing with tap water for 30 seconds; (6) Sonication at 35 ºC, 80 KHz for 2 minutes and then rinsing with tap water for 30 seconds; (7) Scrubbing with salt for 30 seconds and then rinsing with tap water for 30 seconds; (8) Soaking in hot water (~80 ºC) for 10 seconds and then rinsing with tap water 30 seconds. Calibration curve of pesticide standards was obtained with good linearity. Regular Celery and Organic Celery Preliminary / No Washing samples and some processed samples were analyzed with LC-Q-TOF. Preliminary data analysis results were obtained. Several pesticide candidates such as Trifloxystrobin (fungicide), Methoxyfenozide (insecticide), Empenthrin, Linuron (herbicide) were found in regular celery, but not in organic celery using the Agilent All Ions MS/MS technique after PCDL database searching. Different food processing methods may remove some pesticides efficiently, however, it may not be able to remove all of them. For example, scrubbing with baking powder can remove several pesticides, but the candidate herbicide Linuron was still detected. Standards will need to be ordered to confirm and quantify the pesticide residues in celery samples. The PI attended the 67th ASMS conference and met with Agilent scientists and engineers by attending Agilent events including the users meeting, the seminars, Agilent booth and hospitality suite, consulted the LC-Q-TOF instrumentation and application on pesticides analysis. Attended poster and oral sessions, and closing event, communicating with colleagues a lot and mainly focused on food safety and small molecules analysis (identification and quantitation), LC/MS sample preparation, etc. The development of polymeric LC columns improves the analysis of pesticides (and other compounds).
Publications
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Progress 08/01/18 to 09/30/18
Outputs
Target Audience:
Nothing Reported
Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?
Nothing Reported
How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?
Nothing Reported
What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Installation of the main instrument LC/MS will be completed. The PI will be trained and get familiarized with the operation of the LC/MS instrument. The PI will start method development for pesticide analysis using pesticide standards.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
The PI and the instrument company has discussed and verified the configurations of the Q-TOF LC/MS system for the analysis of pesticides. Extra components (a Sample Chiller and a Thermostated Column Compartment) for LC system have been added at no cost. The main instrument, Agilent 6545 Q-TOF LC/MS system has been ordered. The lab has been evaluated and inspected by Physical Plant for the purpose of remodeling, including the electrical outlet, ceiling, fume hood, and internet. Part of the electrical system has been renovated. The ceiling has been modified partially to fit the mass spectrometer instrument. The lab will need to be further renovated. Physical Plant arranged the bidding for the hood construction. The requisition has been generated. One phone has been installed in the lab. Door lock to the lab has been fixed. The freezer in the lab has been inspected by Thermo contractors. The compressor was damaged and has to be replaced. However, repairing the freezer (repairing cost $4000-$6000, warranty > $5000 for 5 years) is not cost effective comparing to purchasing a new freezer. Large equipment such as water purification system for LC/MS, centrifuge for sample preparation has been ordered, a UPS system for protecting the Q-TOF LC/MS system will be ordered; A supply list for sample preparation and new lab set-up is prepared and will be ordered soon.
Publications
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