EXPLORING THE ROLE OF MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES IN SOIL AND ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES

• Sponsoring Institution: National Institute of Food and Agriculture
• Project Status: COMPLETE
• Funding Source: HATCH
• Reporting Frequency: Annual
• Accession No.: 1016436
• Project Start Date: Jul 1, 2018
• Project End Date: Jun 30, 2023
• Program Code: [(N/A)]- (N/A)

Recipient Organization
UNIV OF IDAHO
875 PERIMETER DRIVE
MOSCOW,ID 83844-9803

Performing Department
Soil and Water Systems

Non Technical Summary
Soil microbial communities play a key role in determining soil processes, yet our understanding of this role is often incomplete and 'black-boxed'. This proposed project will combine a series of experiments often paired with both stable isotope tracking, and next generation sequencing approaches to open this box in order to better understand the link between soil microbial communities and soil processes.

Animal Health Component

25%

Research Effort Categories

Basic

75%

Applied

25%

Developmental

(N/A)

Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)	Subject of Investigation (SOI)	Field of Science (FOS)	Percent
102	0199	1070	45%
102	0199	1103	45%
102	0199	3100	10%

Knowledge Area
102 - Soil, Plant, Water, Nutrient Relationships;

Subject Of Investigation
0199 - Soil and land, general;

Field Of Science
1103 - Other microbiology; 1070 - Ecology; 3100 - Management;

Keywords

ecosystem processes

soil microbial communities

agricultural management

Goals / Objectives
In this project, we will use a series of experiments and observations to understand how soil microbial communities influence ecosystem function, and in turn the response of soil microbial communities to management decisions. Our specific objectives are:1. Determine the potential drivers of home-field advantage (i.e. greater litter decomposition by a microbial community if it shares a common history with that litter) as it relates to the microbial degradation of leaf litter. Determine the role other factors (i.e. microbial functional breadth, microbial diversity, leaf litter chemistry) play in leaf litter decay.2. Determine the contribution of volatile organic compound (VOC)-derived carbon associated with litter decomposition to the underlying soil C pool. Determine the effect VOCs have on soil microbial community composition and soil processes, including nitrogen cycling.3. Determine the influence antibiotic additions associated with livestock have on soil microbial community composition, antibiotic resistance gene abundance, and C and N cycling.4. Determine the effect of cover crops on soil microbial community composition and soil processes. Determine how multi-species cover crops interact with tillage regimes (conventional versus conservation) to influence soil microbes and the processes that they regulate.5. Determine how aboveground herbivore diversity (i.e. grasshoppers) influences belowground processes and soil microbial communities.

Project Methods
Objective 1In order to meet Objective 1, we will use a full factorial reciprocal transplant experiment that crosses 6 soil inocula with 6 litter species. The samples will be collected from 6 locations across the United States. There will be 3 sets of soil and litter samples collected from the Western part of the US (Idaho) and 3 soil and litter samples collected from the Eastern part of the US (Virginia). The species that will be used from Idaho are blue bunch wheat grass (Pseudoroegneria spicata), trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides), & ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa). From Virginia, the species used will be panic grass (Panicum virgatum), white pine (Pinus strobus), and rhododendron (Rhododendron maximum). The purpose of collecting from these locations will be to investigate differences at local and geographic scales and to capture a range in litter quality. Soil samples will include 5-6 soil cores (4-5 cm in depth) at each site to be used as the inoculum source. Once collected, litter will be milled (4mm) and sterilized. Microcosms composed of sterilized litter and a soil inoculum (6 litters × 6 soil inocula × 5 reps) will be combined in 50ml centrifuge tubes. We will then assess C-mineralization associated with these microcosms for 180 days using an infrared gas analyzer. Cumulative C-mineralization will be determined via integration, and home-field-advantage, as well as, functional breadth will be calculated. We will employ an Information Theoretic Approach to determine the model or models that explain the greatest variance in home-field advantage. This approach allows the simultaneous comparison of multiple linear and non-linear models that are developed a priori and based in current theory. This overcomes many of the limitations associated with classical multiple regression (i.e. nesting and selection in a stepwise fashion) and allows for us to attribute causality to multivariate models. Using this approach, we will also determine particular parameters that are likely important determinants of home-field advantage.Objective 2 In order to meet Objective 2, we will set-up a microcosm experiment. This experiment aims to identify the contribution of VOC-C derived from leaf litter to the underlying soil. This experiment will also aim to assess the potential influence VOCs have on the soil nitrogen cycle. In order to accomplish this, we will use a common soil and expose this soil to VOCs from four, 13C-labelled litter species (tulip poplar, white pine, rhododendron, stilt-grass) across 2 months. Treatments will include: 1) soil only control for determination of 13C and 15N natural abundance (n=4); 2) litter only controls to determine respiration derived from the litter (n=4; 4 reps × 4 litters = 16 units); 3) soil and litter combinations (n=4; 4 reps × 4 litters = 16 units). In total, we will have 36 experimental units. We will quantify background levels of CO2 before each 24hour incubation (Note: this will serve as our initial CO2 and 13CO2 measurement).We will set up microcosms using-pint size mason jars (~473ml). For the soil-only controls, we will add 25g of dry mass equivalent soil to the jars and place an empty 25ml beaker on the soil surface. For the litter only controls, we will add 2g air-dry mass equivalent litter to 20 mL scint vials that will then be placed into soil-less jars. For the soil-litter combinations, we will add 25g of dry mass equivalent soil into the jars and then place a 20ml scint vial containing 2g air-dry equivalent litter on the soil surface. A soil inoculum will be prepared by blending 1 g dry mass equivalent soil in 99 mL of deionized water. The litter will be inoculated with 700 μL of inoculum/gram dry mass equivalent litter. Soil will be adjusted to 65% WHC and litter will be adjusted to 50% water holding capacity. We will measure soil and litter weights on a weekly basis to assure that they are not drying out, adding water if necessary. We will also add 0.00434 mg 99 atom% 15NH415NO3 to the soil in the "soil only" and "soil + litter" microcosms. The N addition is added at such a low concentration as to limit any N fertilization effects but still enables us to determine the influence of VOCs on the fate of soil N. Across the 90-day experiment, we will track microcosm total respiration and will subsample twice in the first week and weekly after that to determine 13CO2.Objective 3To examine how antibiotics influence biogeochemical cycling of C, and N, we will conduct an experiment that couples a common garden approach with stable-isotope pulse-tracking techniques. In this experiment, we will combine both a short-term pulse-tracking experiment, aimed at elucidating the cycling and fate of recent inputs entering agroecosystems, and a long-term pulse-tracking experiment, aimed at elucidating the retention or loss of these inputs. For this experiment, we will amend soils with one of three treatments: manure sourced from cows receiving no antibiotics or from cows receiving one of two antibiotics used in "dry cow therapy". We will then conduct short-term pulse-tracking experiments annually during the spring for 3 years. These short-term pulse-tracking experiments will enable us to determine how antibiotic inputs are directly influencing the cycling of C and N across time. We will also conduct a long-term pulse-tracking experiment that will allow us to determine the cumulative effect of antibiotic inputs on the retention of C and N in these systems.Objective 4Utilizing a series of experimental plots established in 2016, we will assess both cover crops, and the interaction between cover cropping and tillage on soil characteristics. Treatments associated with these experimental plots include the following treatments: 1) conventional tillage without high-residue cover crops; 2) conventional tillage with high-residue cover crops; 3) conservation tillage without high-residue cover crops; and 4) conservation tillage with high-residue cover crops. Soil cores from 15 and 30 cm depths will be collected from these treatments at the following time points: 1) planting of cover crop (baseline); 2) termination of cover crop, and 3) planting of summer cash crop. Samples will be analyzed for biologically-relevant properties, including microbial biomass, C and N, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), substrate-induced respiration (SIR) for active microbial biomass, catabolic response profile (CRP) for microbial functional capacity, 60 day C mineralization assays for bioavailable C, particulate organic matter (POM) and mineral C fractions, and fungal:bacterial dominance, which has been equated to greater "soil health" and ecosystem self-regulation.Objective 5To examine the effects of grasshopper diversity on ecosystem processes, we will create 4 levels of species richness using two functional groups: grass feeders (2 species) and mixed feeders (2 species) in experimental cages. On soils collected from each of these treatments, we will determine bacterial and fungal community composition on a pooled initial sample and again at the end of the second year in the 0, 1, and 4 species, unfertilized treatments (36 samples; samples from the remaining treatments will be stored at -80°C for potential future analysis). DNA will be extracted from the soil and community composition will be assessed via amplicon sequencing (Caporaso et al. 2012) of the V4-V5 region of the bacterial/archeal 16S gene (primer set: 515f/806r) and the fungal ITS1 region (primer set: ITS1f/ITS2). Sequencing will be conducted on an Illumina HiSeq2000 using the 2 × 100 bp paired-end protocol with quality filtering and processing of reads. Sequences will be rarified and QIIME will be used for all further downstream analyses. Bacterial and fungal diversity will be determined using Shannon's diversity index and Faith's phylogenetic diversity. Fungal-to-bacterial dominance will be determined via quantitative PCR.

Progress 10/01/19 to 09/30/20

Outputs
Target Audience:During this period the target audiences reached included the general public, producers, and the scientific community. The general public was reached via presentations. Finaly, the scientific community was reached via peer reviewed publications, and presentations at regional, national, and international meetings. Changes/Problems:While we were able to make progress on all of our objectives, the pandemic deffinetly slowed down progress. This is especially true with regards to outreach and presenting our results to a live audience. Hopefully, we will be able to connect with our audience more directly next year. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?This project has provided trainging for 3undergraduates, 4graduate students, and 1 postdoctoral associate. The undergraduates have gained research experience related to both lab and field experiments. The graduate students and postdoctoral associate have gained experience in research project management, personnel managemnt, and writing and presentation experience. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The results of this research have been disseminated to communities of interest through the publication of peer reviewed manuscripts and presentations at international, national, and regional meetings. Results have also been disseminated throgh the popular press and meetings with stakeholders. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?During the next reporting period, we plan to continue presenting the results of this work at meetings and through peer reviewed publications. We are also initiating several new experiments aimed in particular at anwering additional questions related to Objectives 2, 3, 4, and 5.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? During this period, we have accomplished much with regards to the project goals/objectives.For Objective 2, we have presented the results of this research at a national meeting, and have one publications(in Ecology) reporting results from this research. Additionally, for Objective 2, we have completed a series of experiments that examine the link between VOC profiles and microbial community composiiton during leaf litter decomposiiton.For Objective 3, we have presented the results of this research at a national meeting, we have one manuscript published in Applied Soil Ecology reporting the results of this work. We have also complete two field experiments related to this Objective.For Objective 4, we are in the third year of an experiment examining the effect of cover crop diversity on soil microbial community composition and ecosystem function. For Objective 5, we published on manuscript in Soil Biology & Biochemistry, and a second manuscript is currently in review (and will likely be published during the next reporting period).

Publications

• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: McBride, S.G., Choudoir, M., Fierer, N., Strickland, M.S. 2020. Volatile organic compounds from leaf litter decomposition alter soil microbial communities and carbon dynamics. Ecology, 101: e03130.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: McBride, S., Wepking, C., Hedin, M.L., Thompson, R.C., Barrett, J.E., Strickland, M. 2020. Livestock manure and antibiotics alter extracellular enzyme activity. Applied Soil Ecology, 155: 103667.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Lucas, J.M., McBride, S.G., Strickland, M.S. 2020. Trophic level mediates soil microbial community composition and function. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 143: 107756.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Lucas, J.M., Strickland, M.S. 2020. Mapping the resistome: How environmental levels of antibiotic resistance vary geographically. Presented at: Ecological Society of America Annual Meeting, Virtual.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: McBride, S.G., Lucas, J.M., Osburn, E.D., Barrett, J.E., Strickland, M.S. 2020. The effect of volatile organic compounds and dissolved organic carbon on soil chemistry, and microbial communities. Presented at: Ecological Society of America Annual Meeting, Virtual.

Progress 10/01/18 to 09/30/19

Outputs
Target Audience:During this period the target audiences reached included the general public, producers, and the scientific community. The general public was reached via two outreach events, and presentations to general audiences. Finaly, the scientific community was reached via peer reviewed publications, and presentations at regional, national, and international meetings. Additionally, one manuscript inEcology Letterswas covered by EOS news and other sources includingLab ManagerandThe Cattle Site?. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?This project has provided traingin for 4undergraduates, 3 graduate students, and 1 postdoctoral associate. The undergraduates have gained research experience related to both lab and field experiments. The graduate students and postdoctoral associate have gained experience in research project management, personnel managemnt, and writing and presentation experience. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The results of this research have been disseminated to communities of interest through the publication of peer reviewed manuscripts and presentations at international, national, and regional meetings. Results have also been disseminated throgh the popular press and meetings with stakeholders. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?During the next reporting period, we plan to continue presenting the results of this work at meetings and through peer reviewed publications. We are also initiating several new experiments aimed in particular at anwering additional questions related to Objectives 2, 3, and 4.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? During this period, we have accomplished much with regards to the project goals/objectives. For Objective 1, one graduate sudent (Peter Hoch) successfully defended his thesis. Research reported in this thesis is currently in prep for publication.For Objective 2, we have presented the results of this research at both regional andnational meetings, have two publications (one in Biogeochemistry, and one in Soil Biology & Biochemistry) reporting results from this research. For Objective 3, we have presented the results of this research at regional,national, and international meetings, we have one manuscript published in Ecology Lettersreporting the results of this work. For Objective 4, we initiated a new set of experiments examinign cover crop diversity and have published one manucript in Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment. For Objective 5, we are continuingto prepare a manuscript that should be submitted by the end of the next reporting period.

Publications

• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: McBride, S.G., Strickland, M.S. 2019. Quorum sensing modulates microbial efficiency by regulating bacterial investment in nutrient acquisition enzymes. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 136: 1-4.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: McBride, S.G., Osburn, E.D., Barrett, J.E., Strickland, M.S. 2019. Volatile methanol and acetone additions increase labile soil carbon and inhibit nitrification. Biogeochemistry, 145: 127-140.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Wepking, C., Badgley, B., Barrett, J.E., Knowlton, K.F., Lucas, J.M., Minick, K.J., Ray, P.P., Shawver, S.E., Strickland, M.S. Prolonged exposure to manure from livestock?administered antibiotics decreases ecosystem carbon?use efficiency and alters nitrogen cycling. Ecology Letters, 22: 2067-2076.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Strickland, M.S., Thomason, W.E., Avera, B., Franklin, J., Minick, K., Yamada, S., Badgely, B.D. 2019. �����Short-term effects of cover crops on soil microbial characteristics and biogeochemical processes across actively managed farms. Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment, 2: 180064.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Lucas, J.M. and Strickland, M.S. Antibiotics and temperature disrupt soil communities and their function. Presented at: British Ecological Society Meeting, Belfast, Ireland, 2019.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Wepking, Carl, Badgley, B., Barrett. J.E., Knowlton, K., Lucas, J., Minick, K., Ray, P., Shawver, S., Strickland, M.S. Exposure to antibiotics alters microbial communities and terrestrial elemental cycling. Presented at: Ecological Society of America Annual Meeting, Louisville, KY, USA, 2019.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: McBride, S., Fierer, N., Strickland, M.S. Volatile organic compounds produced during leaf litter decomposition enter soil organic matter. Presented at: Ecological Society of America Annual Meeting, Louisville, KY, USA, 2019. (*Awarded New Phytologist Best Graduate Student Oral Presentation)
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Lucas, J.M. and Strickland, M.S. Antibiotics and temperature disrupt soil communities and their function. Poster presented at: EPSCoR Annual Meeting, Columbia, SC, USA, 2019.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Lucas, J.M. and Strickland, M.S. Antibiotics and temperature disrupt native Palouse soil communities and their function. Poster presented at: Multi-Omics for Microbiomes Conference at PNNL, Richland, WA, USA, 2019.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Lucas, J.M. and Strickland, M.S. Antibiotics and temperature disrupt soil food webs and their function. Presented at: Soil Ecology Society Meeting, Toledo, OH, USA, 2019.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: McBride, S., Fierer, N., Strickland, M.S. Volatile organic compounds produced during leaf litter decomposition enter soil organic matter. Presented at: Soil Ecology Society Meeting, Toledo, OH, USA, 2019. (*Awarded Best Graduate Student Oral Presentation)
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Wepking, Carl, Badgley, B., Barrett. J.E., Knowlton, K., Lucas, J., Minick, K., Ray, P., Shawver, S., Strickland, M.S. Exposure to antibiotics alters microbial communities and terrestrial elemental cycling. Presented at: Soil Ecology Society Meeting, Toledo, OH, USA, 2019.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Mcbride, S.G., Fierer, N., Strickland M.S. Volatile organic compounds produced from decomposing leaf litter enrich microbial biomass and soil carbon pools. Presented at: American Society for Microbiologists. San Francisco, CA, USA, 2019.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Lucas, J.M. and Strickland, M.S. Ecosystem Health in the age of antibiotics. Presented at: Science on the Palouse Series. Colfax County Library, Colfax, WA, USA, 2019.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Strickland, M.S. Litter Decomposition: Legacy Effects and VOCs. Presented at: Washington State University  Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Pullman, WA, USA, 2018. Invited.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: McBride, S., Fierer, N., Strickland, M.S. Volatile organic compounds from decomposing leaf litter fuel microbial metabolism and alter community composition. Presented at: Mid-Atlantic ESA Meeting, Bowie, MD, USA, 2018. (*Honorable Mention Graduate Student Oral Presentation).
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Palouse Prairie 7th Graders, Kuhle, A., Strickland, M.S. Super Soil or Dastardly Dirt? Turning Soil into Science. Presented at: IRIC Lunch & Learn, Moscow, ID, USA, 2019.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Lucas, J.M. and Strickland, M.S. Antibiotics and temperature disrupt soil communities and their function. Poster Presented at: University of Idahos Center for Health in Humans Systems Symposia, Moscow, ID, 2019. (*Awarded Best Postdoctoral Presentation)
• Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Hoch, P. 2019. The Effect of Leaf Litter Legacies and Nutrient Additions on Microbial Function.

Progress 07/01/18 to 09/30/18

Outputs
Target Audience:During this period the target audiences reached included the general public, producers, and the scientific community. The general public was reached via an interview provided by PI Strickland to the Moscow-Pullman Daily News Farm and Ranch Quarterly on soil health. Producers were reached via PI Stricklands participation in a the Spring Meeting of the Desert Mountain Grass-fed Beef Cooperative in McCall, Idaho. During this meeting, PI Strickland discussed the effect of grazing management strategies on soils. Finaly, the scientific community was reached via peer reviewed publications, and presentations at regional and national meetings. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?This project has provided traingin for 3 undergraduates, 3 graduate students, and 1 postdoctoral associate. The undergraduates have gained research experience related to both lab and field experiments. The graduate students andpostdoctoral associate have gained experience in research project management, personnel managemnt, and writing and presentation experience. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The results of this research have been disseminated to communities of interest through the publication of peer reviewed manuscripts and presentations at national and regional meetings. Results have also been disseminated throgh the popular press and meetings with stakeholders. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?During the next reporting period, we plan to continue presenting the results of this work at meetings and through peer reviewed publications. We are also initiating several new experiments aimed in particular at anwering additional questions related to Objectives 2, 3, and 4.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? During this period, we have accomplished much with regards to the project goals/objectives. For Objective 1, we presented the results of this research at 2 meetings and are are currently preparing a manuscript that should be submitted by the end of the next reporting period. For Objective 2, we have presented the results of this research at a national meeting, have one manuscript in review, and are preparing a second manuscript for submission. For Objective 3, we have presented the results of this research at both regional and national meetings, we areare currently preparing a manuscript that should be submitted by the end of the next reporting period, and completed one Doctoral Dissertation. For Objective 4, we are currently completing data collection and have published one manucript. For Objective 5, we arecurrently preparing a manuscript that should be submitted by the end of the next reporting period.

Publications

• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Wilson, C., Strickland, M.S., Hutchings, J., Bianchi, T., Flory, S. 2018. Grazing enhances belowground carbon allocation, microbial biomass, and soil carbon in a subtropical grassland. Global Change Biology, 24: 2997-3009.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2018 Citation: Stewart, R.D., Jian, J., Gyawali, A.J., Thomason, W.E., Badgley, B.D., Reiter, M.S., Strickland, M.S. 2018. What we talk about when we talk about soil health. Agricultural Environmental Letters, IN PRESS.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2018 Citation: Benbow, M.E., Barton, P.S., Ulyshen, M.D., Beasley, J.C., DeVault, T.L., Strickland, M.S., Tomberlin, J.K., Jordan, H.R., Pechal, J.L. 2018. A necrobiome framework for bridging decomposition ecology of autotrophically- and heterotrophically-derived organic matter. Ecological Monographs, IN PRESS.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2018 Citation: Strickland, M.S. Ecosystem processes in the age of antibiotics. Presented at: University of Idaho  Environmental Science, Moscow, ID, USA, 2018.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2018 Citation: Carl Wepking. Interconnections of the Soil-Food-Human Microbiome. Invited Panelist. Presented at: Conference on Connections Between Soil Health and Human Health organized by the Soil Health Institute. Silver Spring, MD, USA. 2018.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2018 Citation: Wepking, Carl, Brian Badgley, John E. Barrett, Matthew Hedin, Katharine Knowlton, Kevan Minick, Partha Ray, Michael Strickland. Livestock antibiotics alter soil microbial communities and ecosystem function. Oral Presentation at: Virginia Tech Interfaces of Global Change Research Symposium. Global Change Center. Blacksburg, VA, USA. 2018.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2018 Citation: Wepking, Carl, Brian Badgley, John E. Barrett, Matthew Hedin, Katharine Knowlton, Kevan Minick, Partha Ray, Michael Strickland. Livestock antibiotics alter soil microbial communities and ecosystem function. Oral Presentation at: Virginia Tech Department of Biological Sciences Research Day, Blacksburg, VA, USA, 2018.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2018 Citation: Wepking, Carl. Antibiotic resistance and soil ecosystem function. Oral presentation at: USDA Project Director's Meeting, Washington DC, USA, 2018.
• Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2018 Citation: Carl Wepking. Soil microbial function in a time of global change: effect of dairy antibiotics on soil microbial communities and ecosystem function. Virginia Tech. Biological Sciences. Blacksburg, VA, USA. 09 August 2018.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Strickland, M.S. Ecosystem processes in the age of antibiotics. Presented at: Washington State University  Department of Entomology, Pullman, WA, USA, 2018.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2018 Citation: Strickland, M.S. Ecosystem processes in the age of antibiotics. Presented at: University of Florida  Department of Agronomy, Gainesville, FL, USA, 2018.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2018 Citation: McBride, S., Osburn, E., Strickland, M.S. Volatile dining fare: VOCs affect carbon dynamics of soil microbial communities. Oral Presentation at: ESA Annual Meeting, New Orleans, LA, USA, 2018.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2018 Citation: Hoch, P.J., Strickland, M.S. Investigating the drivers of home-field advantage and functional breadth during leaf litter decomposition. Oral Presentation at: ESA Annual Meeting, New Orleans, LA, USA, 2018.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2018 Citation: Hoch, P.J., Strickland, M.S. Investigating the effect of the historical legacies of microbial communities on current ecosystem function across a latitudinal gradient. Poster presented at: Northwest Forest Soils Council, Ellensburg, WA, USA, 2018.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2018 Citation: Lucas, J.M. 2018. From microbial communities to ecosystem processes: How antibiotics and herbivores shape soil and human health. Oral Presentation at: Integrative Research and Innovation Centers Lunch and Learn presentation, Moscow, ID.