Source: SOUTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY submitted to NRP
GROWTH, EMPLOYMENT AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT NEXUS: EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION OF SOUTH CAROLINA
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
EVANS-ALLEN
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1016392
Grant No.
(N/A)
Cumulative Award Amt.
(N/A)
Proposal No.
(N/A)
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Aug 1, 2018
Project End Date
Jul 31, 2021
Grant Year
(N/A)
Program Code
[(N/A)]- (N/A)
Recipient Organization
SOUTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY
(N/A)
ORANGEBURG,SC 29117
Performing Department
Agribusiness & Economics
Non Technical Summary
South Carolina continues to lag in national and regional averages that measure economic well-being such as poverty rate and per capita income. For example, in 2015, in terms of per capita income, South Carolina is behind the nation and the neighboring states except Mississippi and Alabama. In the same year, South Carolina has higher poverty rate compared to the Nation, Virginia, North Carolina, and Florida.Appropriate econometric tools will be used to analyze the factors that influence short term and long term economic growth and development by applying historical state and county level data of South Carolina. Some examples of data sources will be US Census, South Carolina Department of Commerce, US Department of Commerce, Bureau of Labor Statistics, and the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond.The ultimate goal of this research is to find the factors that contribute to the economic wellbeing of the state of South Carolina. Examples of wellbeing includes reduction of poverty, reduction of the unemployed, improvement of economic status, and higher educational attainment. The findings can be utilized in developing strategies by state and local agencies.Moreover, this research project will provide an opportunity to faculty and students of South Carolina State University (SC State) to be part of the problem solving process in South Carolina.
Animal Health Component
0%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
100%
Applied
0%
Developmental
0%
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
60861993010100%
Knowledge Area
608 - Community Resource Planning and Development;

Subject Of Investigation
6199 - Economy, general/other;

Field Of Science
3010 - Economics;
Goals / Objectives
Major Goals areto: (1) identify the macroeconomic variables such as capital investment, export, government expenditures, etc.; business climate variables such as, property tax, education, wage and quality of life variables such as infant mortality rate, number of crimes etc. that may influence economicdevelopments; (2) investigate the dynamic causal linkages among the determinants of economic development; (3) investigate the impact of macroeconomic factors on growth of gross state product (GSP) growth; and (4) utilize the findings to recommend the economic development Strategy.
Project Methods
This project will employ the following econometric methodologies Eviews Software: (1) ARDL Bound Test and error-correction econometric techniques; (2) Multivariate E-Garch Econometric technique; (3) Padroni panel cointegration method; (4) Generalized Method of Moments (GMM), (5) Panel Dynamic Least Squares methods (DOLS) and (6) Vector Error-Correction (VECM) to identify variables/factors that have significant positive impact on economic development/growth.

Progress 08/01/18 to 07/31/21

Outputs
Target Audience:Professional researchers and policy makers in economic development areas - county development and state levels. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The research Project provided the opportunity to: Publish two refereed-journal research articles. Present thirteen research papers at professional conferences How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results are disseminated through presentations at different professional conferences; publications in peer-reviewed journals and publication of Research Bulletin accessible in our Library and 1890 Research. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? We studied the dynamic impact of export and import on economic growth, measured by growth of gross state product (GSP) of South Carolina for the period 1980-2018. The vector- error model (VECM) shows export has negative and import has positive effect on economic growth. The dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) estimates (which provide long-term impact) indicate that import has highly significant positive and export positive but not significant effect on economic growth. The generalized method of moments (GMM) estimate for short term relationship shows export has significant positive and import has negative (not significant) impact on economic growth of South Carolina. The coefficient of the error-term (ECM (t-1)) is negative, as expected, and autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) F-bound test is significant at 1 percent level. Results indicate there exists long-rum equilibrium relationship among the variables with reinforcing feedback effects. Impulse response analysis shows growth of gross state product (LGSP) has positive response to export. IMPACT #1. Export has positive but not significant impact on the growth of Gross State Product Growth. Import has significant positive impact on economic growth. IMPACT #2. The long- run results find that both imports and exports have significant positive impact on the growth of total employment of South Carolina. IMPACT #3. Capital investment and high school graduate rate have significant positive impact on per capita income growth. Poverty and death rate have significant negative on impact on income growth. This result is interesting because a number of studies show imports have negative impact on employment. We find that imports are beneficial for the state employment situation which leads us to argue that imports are not necessarily bad. Policy makers should promote both export and import for economic development of South Carolina Objectives are to: Investigate the dynamic causal nexus of per capita income growth, business climate and quality of life variables in South Carolina at county level. Empirically analyze the impact of quality variables such as crime rate, poverty rate, number of vehicle registration, and business climate variables such as capital investment, wage, and education on employment growth. Examine the volatility spillovers (squared of previous period residuals) between growth of gross state product, capital investments, export, and government expenditures for South Carolina. Investigates the dynamic short-run and long-run relationship among the growth in per capita income, and macroeconomic variables such as export, capital investment, government expenditure and new business establishment Completed the objective # 1. Specified the model for the objective. Collected data. Estimated the models and reported the results. The results are used to prepare research paper, which is used to write research paper, which is presented in professional conferences, research papers are prepared and published in peer-reviewed journals. Completed the objective #2. We specified the econometric estimable models, collected the relevant data, used appropriate econometric models (ARDL Bound) are estimated. Results are utilized to prepare 3 presentations and prepared two research papers and published in two peer-reviewed refereed journals. Completed the objective #3 and 4. We specified the econometric estimable models, collected the relevant data and using appropriate econometric techniques, models are estimated. Results are utilized to prepare 3 presentations and presented at three professional conferences.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: 1. Mustafa, M., Selassie, H Export- Import Led Economic Growth in South Carolina: Evidence from ARDL Bound, DOLS, GMM and Vector Error Correction Models International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Vol 1, No 3, 2020, pp 137-153.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: 2. Mustafa, M., Selassie, H. Do Export Create and Import Kill Jobs? Evidence from ARDL Bound Approach, Dynamic OLS, GMM, and VE C European Journal of Business, Economics and Accountancy (EJBEA) volume 8, number 2, 2020, PP 59-72.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: 1. Mustafa, M. and Selassie, H. Export and Import-led Economic Growth in South Carolina: Evidence from ARDL Bound Approach, DOLS, GMM and Vector Error Correction 57th Annual Conference of Academy of Economics and Finance, Virtual Presentation February 5-8, 2021.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: 7. Mustafa, M. and Selassie, H Economic Growth and Business Climate Nexus: Evidence from Panel Co-integration, GMM and DOLS Estimates. Presentation at the 2019 ARD Research Symposium, Jacksonville, FL. March 30 - April 3,
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: 8. B. Guinyard*, H. Selassie, and M. Mustafa, Analysis of Small Farm and Non-Farm Businesses in a Tri-County Region of Bamberg, Calhoun and Orangeburg in the State of South Carolina, Presentation at the 2019 ARD Research Symposium, Jacksonville, FL. March 30 - April 3, 2019.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: 2. Mustafa, M. and Selassie, H. Business Climate and Growth Nexus: Evidence from Panel Co-Integration, Dynamic OLS, GMM and VEC Estimates Analysis Midwest Economics Virtual Annual Conference, March 22-28, 2021.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: 3. Mustafa, M. and Selassie, H. Business Climate and Growth Nexus: Evidence from Panel Co-Integration, Dynamic OLS, GMM and VEC Estimates Analysis, Southeastern Decision Science Institute, Charleston, SC, February 12-14, 2020.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: 4. Mustafa, M. and Selassie, H  Faculty Research Conference at Columbus State University Virtual Presentation, November 4-5, 2020. Dynamic Linkages among Economic Growth, Business Climate and Quality of Life Variables: Evidence from Cointegration, GMM and DOLS Analysis. Academy of Economics and Finance (AEF). St. Petersburg, Fl. February 6-9, 2019.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: 5. Mustafa, M. and Selassie, H Impact of Capital Investment, Export, Education, and Growth of State Produce: Evidence from ARDL, DOLS, and GMM Estimates. Presentation at the Federation of Business Discipline. The 49th Annual Meeting of Southeast Decision Sciences Institute (SE DSI) will be held in Savannah, GA February 20 - 22, 2019.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: 6. Mustafa, M. and Selassie, H. Macroeconomic determinants of Economic Growth: Evidence from ARDL Bound Approach. Presentation at the Federation of Business Disciplines (FBD)-Southwestern Society of Economists, Houston, Tex. March 13-16, 2019.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: 9. C. Owczarz, M. Mustafa, and H. Selassie, Employment Growth in Metro and Non-Metro Counties of South Carolina: An Investigation Presentation at the 2019 ARD Research Symposium, Jacksonville, FL. March 30 - April 3, 2019.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: 10. Mustafa, M. and Selassie, Income Growth, Business and Quality of life: Evidence from Cointegration, GMM, DOLS and Dumittrecu Causality Tests 55th Annual Conference of Academy of Economics and Finance, Houston, TX, February 14 -17, 2018.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: 11. Mustafa, M. and Selassie, H. Short-and Long-run Linkages between Employment Growth, Taxes, Business Climate and Quality of Life Variables: A Cross-County Investigation Southeast Decision Sciences Institute, Wilmington, NC February 21-23, 2018.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: 12. Mustafa, M. and Selassie, H. Short-run and Long-run Determinates of Economic Growth: Evidence from ARDL Approach, GMM, and Dynamic OLS, Southwestern Society of Economists, Albuquerque, NM. March 8, 2018.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: 13. Mustafa, M. and Selassie, H. Business Climate, Quality of Life, Tax and Job Growth Nexus: Evidence from South Carolina A Multidisciplinary Approach: Cultivating Professional Development through, Research, Collaborations, and Partnership sponsored by College of Graduate and Professional Studies Research Symposium, April 6, 2018.


Progress 10/01/19 to 09/30/20

Outputs
Target Audience: Professional conference participants such as ARD and other conferences Through articles published in professional journals South CarolinaDevelopment agencies - State level and County agencies Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The faculty and students have gained significant experience in exploring and analyzing secondary data to arrive at conclusions. Faculty were able to write professional research papers, publish in peer reviewed journals, and present them in professional conferences. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results are dissimilated through articles published in publicly available peer reviewed journals and professional paper presentations. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? This research project investigates the dynamic impact of export and import on economic growth and employment measured by growth of gross state product of South Carolina for the period 1980-2018. Results indicate there exists long-rum equilibrium relationship among the variables with reinforcing feedback effects. Impulse response analysis shows growth of gross state product (LGSP) has positive response to export. Also, import has positive response to export. There is evidence of complementarity between exports and imports. Results imply that export and import play pivotal role in propelling South Carolina's economic growth both in the short and in the long run. South Carolina development policy makers should remain pro-active in trade. It is important to note that our results indicate contrary to the widespread belief that imports have negative impact on economic growth and employment growth. We conclude that imports should not be discouraged. We identified the factors that have significant positive impact on economic growth - proxies by growth per capita income growth and growth of South Carolina Gross State Product. We identified the determinants of employment growth in South Carolina. Based on the long-term and short-term econometric analysis we made, the results show two important findings. The impact of exports and imports on employment were significant. The impact of exports and imports on economic growth as measured by growth of gross state product (GSP) in South Carolina were significant. These findings are particularly important because there is wide spread notion that imports have negative impact on employment and economic growth.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Mustafa, M., Selassie, H. Export- Import Led Economic Growth in South Carolina: Evidence from ARDL Bound, DOLS, GMM and Vector Error Correction Models International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Vol 1, No 3, 2020, pp 137-153.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Mustafa, M., Selassie, H. Export and Import-led Economic Growth in South Carolina: Evidence from ARDL Bound Approach, DOLS, GMM and Vector Error Correction. Presented at the 57th Annual Conference of Academy of Economics and Finance, Atlanta, GA, February 5-8, 2020.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Mustafa, M., Selassie, H. Business Climate and Growth Nexus: Evidence from Panel Co-Integration, Dynamic OLS, GMM and VEC Estimates Analysis, Southeastern Decision Science Institute, Charleston, SC, February 12-14, 2020
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Mustafa, M., Selassie, H. Short-Run and Long-Run Determinates of Economic Growth: Evidence from ARDL Approach, GMM and Dynamic OLS. Presented at the Southwestern Economic Conference, San Antonio, TX, March 11-14, 2020.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Mustafa, M., Selassie, H. Impact of Export and Import on Employment: Evidence From ARDL Bound Approach, Dynamic Ordinary List Squares, Generalized Method of Moments and Vector Error Correction Estimates at the Faculty Research Conference at Columbus State Universitys Virtual Presentation in November 4-5, 2020.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2021 Citation: Mustafa, M., Selassie, H. Export and Import-led Economic Growth in South Carolina: Evidence from ARDL Bound Approach, DOLS, GMM and Vector Error Correction is accepted for presentation at the 57th Annual Conference of Academy of Economics and Finance, Virtual Presentation February 5-8, 2021.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2021 Citation: Mustafa, M., Selassie, H. Business Climate and Growth Nexus: Evidence from Panel Co-Integration, Dynamic OLS, GMM and VEC Estimates Analysis is accepted for presentation at the Midwest Economics Virtual Annual Conference, March 22-28, 2021.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Shana Dukes. Analysis of Small Farm and Non-Farm Businesses in a Tri-County Region of Bamberg, Calhoun and Orangeburg in the State of South Carolina at the 77th Annual Professional Workers Conference (PAWC), December, 2019.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Mustafa, M., Selassie, H. Do Export Create and Import Kill Jobs? Evidence from ARDL Bound Approach, Dynamic OLS, GMM, and VEC European Journal of Business, Economics and Accountancy (EJBEA) volume 8, number 2, 2020, PP 59-72.


Progress 10/01/18 to 09/30/19

Outputs
Target Audience: Professionals in economic development areas and agencies; South Carolina Development Policy Makers Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?We developedthree professional presentations at three professional conferences. The first research paper is accepted for presentation in Southeast Decision; the second paper is accepted by the Academy of Economics and Finance, Federation of Business Discipline (Southwestern Society of Economists), How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results were disseminated through professional presentations and publications in professional journals. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We are planning to present at least three Presentations at professional conferences and publish at least two papers in refereed journals.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? We collected and analyzed relevant data and used appropriate econometrics techniques to develop four research papers. Mustafa, M. and Selassie, H. Economic Growth and Business Climate Nexus: Evidences from Panel Cointegration, GMM and DOLS Estimates," Association of Research Directors (ARD), 19th Biennial Research Symposium, Jacksonville, FL March 30 - April 3, 2019. Mustafa, M. and Selassie, H. Macroeconomic Determinants of Economic Growth: Evidences from ARDL Bound Approach, GMM and Dynamic OLS" FBD- Southwestern Economic conference, Huston, TX, March 14-15, 2019. Mustafa, M. and Selassie, H. Dynamic Linkages among Economic Growth, Business Climate andquality of Life: Evidence from Cointegration, GMM and DOLS. 56th Annual Conference of Academy of Economics and Finance, St. Pete, Beach FL, February 6-9, 2019. Mustafa, M. and Selassie, H. "Impact of Capital Investment, Export, Education, and Growth of State Product: Evidence from ARDL, DOLS, and GMM Estimates" Southeast Decision Sciences Institute" Southeast Decision Sciences Institute, February 20-22, 2019, Charleston, SC.

Publications

  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2019 Citation: 1. Mustafa, M. and Selassie, H. Economic Growth and Business Climate Nexus: Evidences from Panel Cointegration, GMM and DOLS Estimates, Association of Research Directors (ARD), 19th Biennial Research Symposium, Jacksonville, FL March 30  April 3, 2019.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2019 Citation: 2. Mustafa, M. and Selassie, H. Macroeconomic Determinants of Economic Growth: Evidences from ARDL Bound Approach, GMM and Dynamic OLS FBD- Southwestern Economic conference, Huston, TX, March 14-15, 2019.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2019 Citation: 3. Mustafa, M. and Selassie, H. Dynamic Linkages among Economic Growth, Business Climate and quality of Life: Evidence from Cointegration, GMM and DOLS. 56th Annual Conference of Academy of Economics and Finance, St. Pete, Beach FL, February 6-9, 2019.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2019 Citation: 4. Mustafa, M. and Selassie, H. Impact of Capital Investment, Export, Education, and Growth of State Product: Evidence from ARDL, DOLS, and GMM Estimates Southeast Decision Sciences Institute Southeast Decision Sciences Institute, February 20-22, 2019, Charleston, SC.


Progress 08/01/18 to 09/30/18

Outputs
Target Audience: Professional in economic development areas and agencies. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Developed Professional presentations at professional conferences.The following four are by Muhammad Mustafa and Haile M. Selassie. Dynamic Linkages among Economic Growth, Business Climate and Quality of Life Variables: Evidences from Cointegration, GMM and DOLS Analysis. Academy of Economics and Finance (AEF). St. Petersburg, FL. February 6-9, 2019. Impact of Capital Investment, Export, Education, and Growth of State Produce: Evidence from ARDL, DOLS, and GMM Estimates. Presentation at the Federation of Business Discipline. The 49th Annual Meeting of Southeast Decision Sciences Institute (SE DSI) will be held in Savannah, GA February 20 - 22, 2019. Macroeconomic determinants of Economic Growth: Evidence from ARDL Bound Approach. Presentation at the Federation of Business Disciplines (FBD)-Southwestern Society of Economists, Houston, Tex. March 13-16, 2019. Economic Growth and Business Climate Nexus: Evidences from Panel Co-integration, GMM and DOLS Estimates. Presentation at the 2019 ARD Research Symposium, Jacksonville, FL. March 30 - April 3, 2019. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Will be disseminated through professional presentations and publications in professional journals. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Continue working on Goal 1 and Objective 1 and report the results. In addition, we will report the results and apply feedbacks from our presentations from conference/professional attendees. In addition, we also plan to develop research paper for submission to a peer reviewed journal.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Update the literature review and collect the relevant data related objective #1. Developed four faculty abstracts and two student abstracts are submitted for presentations at 3 professional conferences - including 2019 ARD research symposium. The following four are by Muhammad Mustafa and Haile M. Selassie Dynamic Linkages among Economic Growth, Business Climate and Quality of Life Variables: Evidences from Cointegration, GMM and DOLS Analysis. Academy of Economics and Finance (AEF). St. Petersburg, FL. February 6-9, 2019. Impact of Capital Investment, Export, Education, and Growth of State Produce: Evidence from ARDL, DOLS, and GMM Estimates. Presentation at the Federation of Business Discipline. The 49th Annual Meeting of Southeast Decision Sciences Institute (SE DSI) will be held in Savannah, GA February 20 - 22, 2019. Macroeconomic determinants of Economic Growth: Evidence from ARDL Bound Approach. Presentation at the Federation of Business Disciplines (FBD)-Southwestern Society of Economists, Houston, Tex. March 13-16, 2019. Economic Growth and Business Climate Nexus: Evidences from Panel Co-integration, GMM and DOLS Estimates. Presentation at the 2019 ARD Research Symposium, Jacksonville, FL. March 30 - April 3, 2019. The following two abstracts are submitted as student presentations at the 2019 ARD Symposium, Jacksonville, FL. 1. B. Guinyard*, H. Selassie, and M. Mustafa, Analysis of Small Farm and Non-Farm Businesses in a Tri-County Region of Bamberg, Calhoun and Orangeburg in the State of South Carolina 2. C. Owczarz, M. Mustafa, and H. Selassie, Employment Growth in Metro and Non-Metro Counties of South Carolina: An Investigation

Publications

  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2019 Citation: 1. M. Mustafa, and H. Selassie. Dynamic Linkages among Economic Growth, Business Climate and Quality of Life Variables: Evidences from Cointegration, GMM and DOLS Analysis. Academy of Economics and Finance (AEF). St. Petersburg, FL. February 6-9, 2019.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2019 Citation: 2. M. Mustafa, and H. Selassie. Impact of Capital Investment, Export, Education, and Growth of State Produce: Evidence from ARDL, DOLS, and GMM Estimates. Presentation at the Federation of Business Discipline. The 49th Annual Meeting of Southeast Decision Sciences Institute (SE DSI) will be held in Savannah, GA February 20 - 22, 2019.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2019 Citation: 3. M. Mustafa, and H. Selassie. Macroeconomic determinants of Economic Growth: Evidence from ARDL Bound Approach. Presentation at the Federation of Business Disciplines (FBD)-Southwestern Society of Economists, Houston, Tex. March 13-16, 2019.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2019 Citation: 4. M. Mustafa, and H. Selassie. Economic Growth and Business Climate Nexus: Evidences from Panel Co-integration, GMM and DOLS Estimates. Presentation at the 2019 ARD Research Symposium, Jacksonville, FL. March 30 - April 3, 2019.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2019 Citation: 5. B. Guinyard*, H. Selassie, and M. Mustafa, Analysis of Small Farm and Non-Farm Businesses in a Tri-County Region of Bamberg, Calhoun and Orangeburg in the State of South Carolina. Presentation at the 2019 ARD Research Symposium, Jacksonville, FL. March 30 - April 3, 2019.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2019 Citation: 6. C. Owczarz, M. Mustafa, and H. Selassie, Employment Growth in Metro and Non-Metro Counties of South Carolina: An Investigation. Presentation at the 2019 ARD Research Symposium, Jacksonville, FL. March 30 - April 3, 2019.