Progress 09/01/22 to 08/31/23
Outputs
Target Audience:The target audience includes farmers, farm consultants, agricultural industry, bankers, farm service agencies, extension professionals, graduate students, post docs, faculty and administrators. Changes/Problems:Dr. Burrows has left Montana State University. Dr. McKelvy has assumed thePI position for this project in July of 2023. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?This grant graduated 2 PhDstudents and a Master's student. This fall the grant providedtravel scholarships for 17 graduate students to attend and present their research at the biennial joint meeting of the North American Pulse Improvement Association which was held in South Carolina at Clemson University (November 5-9, 2023). How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results from this project have been disseminated to lentil growers and consultants through field days and grower conventions such as MT Pulse Crop Field Day - 30 attendees, 406 Agronomy Summit - 200 attendees, and conference events such as Northern Pulse Growers- Montana and North Dakota - 600 attendees. In addition to these annual events Dr. Mary Burrows and Dr. Uta McKelvy have extension appointments and routinely disseminate crop disease information at grower meetings, in local newspapers, Crop and Pest School,emailed 'Ag Alerts' (1871 subscribers), Montana Ag. Experiment Station Field Days (approximately 200 attendees at 7 experiment stations), and Montana Ag Live (20,000 viewers of a weekly TV show broadcast through PBS). What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We are on schedule with all objectives. Objective 1. Characterize Fusarium pathogens causing disease in lentil growing regions. This objective is complete. Both PhD students, one from Montana State University and one from North Dakota State University, have completed and published their dissertations. Objective 2. Breeding lentil for durable resistance to Fusarium. We are continually investigating the selection signals in Lens species using two approaches, XP-CLR and FST & π ratio analysis. 117 selective sweeps were identified, covering 1.4 Mb and harboring 40 genes when L. orientalis was compared with L. ervoides. We then compared L. culinaris landrace with L. ervoides, showing 1701 selective sweeps with 753 protein-coding genes. Comparing L. culinaris landrace with L. orientalis, we identified 3522 selective sweeps covering 59.6 Mb and containing 2103 candidate genes. Within these genes, we found genes encoding starch synthase within the selective sweeps, indicating potential alteration of starch accumulation. Flowering time regulation genes and disease-related genes were also detected in the regions under selection. To identify selective sweeps associated with domestication-related traits, we compared L. culinaris cultivated with L. culinaris landrace. 2474 selective sweeps covering 40 Mb with 1022 candidate genes were detected. GO enrichment analysis revealed that flavonoid biosynthetic process and chalcone isomerase activity were enriched within the sweeps. Moreover, disease resistance R genes encoding TIR-NBS-LRR and CC-NBS-LRR were detected in the regions. These findings indicated that there was a strong selection against biotic stress during lentil breeding. Concurrently, 181 lentil lines from the Lentil Single Plant Core collection are screened in replicated greenhouse trials for resistance to a second species of Fusarium, Fusarium oxysporum. Previous trials screened lentil resistance to F. avenaceum. F. oxysporumis considered the most abundant pathogeninfecting lentil, although it is not considered to be the most aggressive. Four replications of non-inoculated and inoculated plants were assessed for each greenhouse trial. Digital images were taken of each inoculated and non-inoculated plant and disease severity, plant height, and root area are being determined from these photographs. Dry shoot and root weights were determined for each plant in both trials. Comparisons between inoculated and non-inoculated plants of each line evaluated will be used to determine genes or quantitative trait loci associated with the disease resistance based on the different parameters evaluated. Lines identified with the best genetic resistance toF. oxysporumwill be provided to breeders to improveF. oxysporumresistance in lentil. Objective 3. Agronomic trials testing fertility, roll timing, seeding rates and seed treatments. All field trials are complete. One more manuscript has been published, and a second has been resubmitted for publication. Objective 4. Extension outreach to stakeholders and educating the next generation of scientists. We will continue our extension activities and maintain a presence online and at conferences with scientific presentations, outreach activities, and updating our webpage. We will conduct a stakeholder survey for the fifth year this winter, which will coincide with local, regional, and national conferences in the Great Plains area, including Northern Pulse Growers, Western Pulse Growers and the USA Dry Pea and Lentil conferences in November through February.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
There are many noteworthy project IMPACTS: 1) Lentil growers will be much more aware of sulfur fertility needs for lentil and the potential for significant return on investment, and also aware of the need to continue to inoculate lentil with rhizobia even if a field has been previously inoculated (Miller et al. 2023). 2) Lentil growers will be aware of growth stages when land rolling should be used cautiously and should consider increasing seeding rate to improve economic returns (Bourgault et al. accepted). 3) A whole genome sequenced lentil diversity panel of 240 lines, including 40 crop wild relatives, will provide the densest lentil marker set for disease genetic studies.This genome data set of 103 million single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variants is set for release upon acceptance of the manuscript for publication (under co-author review). 4) Breeder-friendly markers have been developed from the resistance SNPs identified (Heineck et al. 2023). 5) New experimental results tested the lentil diversity panel 'AGILE' of 321 lentil lines and screened for reaction to Aphanomyces euteiches isolate RB84. Data analysis and genome-wide association studies are underway to identify SNP markers linked to resistance. 6) The identification of genomic loci and associated markers offers opportunities for precision breeding and marker-assisted selection, thereby accelerating the development of improved lentil cultivars with enhanced agronomic traits and increased adaptability to diverse environmental conditions. 7) The investigation of selective sweeps in various Lens species facilitated a deeper understanding of the evolutionary history and domestication of lentils. The research underscores the influence of human-driven selection on the genetic composition and adaptive traits of lentils. This is the fifth year of a year project that investigates agronomic, pathological and genetic aspects of root rot management in lentils, a commonly grown pulse crop throughout the northern region of the USA and southern Canada. PIs gathered for two stakeholder meetings in person and online in February 2023 and June 2023. Coordination of work was discussed and the future direction of the project, as well as the extension of the project into the sixth year to complete research and publications that were delayed due to COVID-19 closures. PIs and researchers attended and presented 17 talks at regional and national conferences. Eleven publications have been accepted or are in process in conjunction with this project since the last reporting period. PIs and researchers presented findings and are actively involved with the Northern Pulse Growers Association which hosts meetings in Montana and North Dakota, as well as the Western Pulse Growers meeting held in Idaho (Nov 2022 - Jan 2023). This is the fourth year of our pulse grower survey which had the highest number of responses thus far with 147 respondents that manage 697,100 acres in the pulse growing region. Growers accounted for 63% of the responses, 23% were consultants and 14% were county agents/or other. The 32 consultants that responded to the survey account for the majority of the acreage for all three pulse crops and are an important audience to consider when planning future outreach and education programs. Peas were grown by 43% of the growers, followed by lentils at 28% and chickpeas at 27%. Ascochyta blight was mentioned most frequently as a disease for which "a lot of disease pressure" was perceived by survey respondents during the 2022 growing season. At least half of the respondents rated all the listed diseases as "no pressure". Of the known diseases Aphanomyces root rot had the most "not sure" ratings, suggesting that respondents may not know how to identify this disease. We have had a persistent drought through 2022, and respondents listed weather and weed management as their greatest challenges to growing pulse crops. When asked questions about crop rotation, only 20% of the growers plant peas or lentils fewer than 3 years apart, and most growers plant pulse crops at least 3 years apart. The top three IPM strategies used by respondents continue to be crop rotation for disease management (89%), agronomic practices for a healthy crop (82%), and monitor/scout for diseases (82%). When asked about barriers to IPM, major barriers were cost of personnel (27%), and the high uncertainty of pest outbreaks (27%). In the previous year's survey, cost of most effective pesticides and the risks of lower profits were the major concerns (both at 39%), both of these measures were reduced in 2023 to 25% and 21%, respectively. The PhD student at North Dakota State University has defended and published their dissertation.The North Dakota doctoral student compiled Fusarium root rot samples from Washington, Idaho, Montana and North Dakota providing a comprehensive look at the pathogenicity and aggressiveness of allFusariumspp. isolated, either alone or in combination with other species on lentils. The results indicate thatF. oxysporummay be the most important member of Fusarium root rot complex in lentil; however, isolates of seven species of Fusarium caused severe root rot and may be contributing to disease severity in the field. The results from these studies are an extremely important first step in developing valuable disease management resources and recommendations for lentil growers such as resistant varieties. We are continuing our exploration of the candidate genes associated with Fusarium root rot (FRR) resistance through Genome-wide Association Studies (GWAS). A significantly associated SNP was identified in the coding region of a candidate gene Lcu.2RBY.7g004590 encoding a toll-interleukin receptor nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat (TIR-NBS-LRR), which is known as one of the most important resistance gene families in plants functionally responsible for plant resistance to pathogens. In addition, we detected a significant SNP in ABP19a, encoding an auxin-binding protein. ABP19a is an ortholog of the rice OsGLP that has been previously shown to be involved in general plant defense responses. Furthermore, we conducted haplotype analysis and found this candidate gene had eight major haplotypes. The favorable haplotype is dominant in the accessions originated from South Asia, while a high frequency of unfavorable haplotype was observed in the Spring Large/Medium lentil market group. A large-scale GWAS was carried out for 13 agronomic traits. Phenotypic data were collected on 10 agronomic traits in 2020-2022, including plant stand, days to flowering, days to swollen pods, days to maturity, canopy height, plant height, lodging, height to lowest pod, biomass, seed yield, while three traits, including pod shatter, pod drop and seed weight, were assessed only in 2022. A total of 700, 530, and 1018 associated peaks were identified for agronomic traits in 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively. Among them, 175, 119, and 261 arose from genetic regions and up/downstream. No association signals for the same traits were shared across three years except one SNP (Chr3: 242919031) associated with days to flowering, whereas traits with the higher heritability, such as days to flowering and days to swollen pods, were those that had the highest number of shared association signals.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Murphy, Carmen. July 25, 2023. Seed and soil testing for pulse crop diseases. Montana Pulse Day. Richland, MT
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Porter, Lyndon. Dec 2022. Strategies to Manage Root Rot in Pulses. Western Pulse Growers meeting in Moscow, ID. Presentation
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Miller, P.R., S.C. Atencio, C.A. Jones, E. Eriksmoen, W. Franck, J. Rickertsen, S.I. Fordyce, M. Ostlie, P.F. Lamb, D.L. Fonseka, M.A. Grusak, C. Chen, P.M. Carr, M. Bourgault, S.T. Koeshall and K.W. Baber. Inoculant and fertilizer effects on lentil yield and protein in the northern Great Plains. Accepted to Agronomy Journal 5 Oct, 2023.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Submitted
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Bourgault, M., P.R. Miller, S.I. Fordyce, P.F. Lamb, S.T. Koeshall, J.A. Holmes and P.M. Carr. How do roll timing and seeding rates affect lentil yields? Crop, Forages and Turfgrass Management. Revised and resubmitted Oct, 2023
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Heineck, G. C., Casanova, J., and Porter, L. D. 2023. Suitable methods of inoculation and quantification of Fusarium root rot in lentil. Plant Disease 107:1316-1328.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Brelsford, Monica, S. Moparthi, L. Parikh, M. Burrows, O. Perez-Hernandez, Uta McKelvy and Kevin McPhee. The diversity and aggressiveness of Fusarium species associated with chickpea in Montana. Poster presentation at the International Conference of Plant Pathology. Lyon, France. August 2023
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Bugingo, C., Brelsford, M., & Burrows, M. 2023. Fungicide sensitivity of Fusarium oxysporum f. Sp. Lentis and Fusarium acuminatum affecting lentil in the Northern Great Plains. Plant Disease.https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/10.1094/PDIS-07-23-1440-SC
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Bugingo, C., Brelsford, M., McPhee, K., & Burrows, M. 2023. Pathotype-characterization of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis (Fol) Isolates in North America. Plant Health Progress. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHP-06-23-0055-RS
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Under Review
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Bugingo, C., Brelsford, M., Fonseka, D., Pasche, J., & Burrows, M. 2023. Seedborne Fusarium spp. Associated with Root Rot of Lentils (Lens culinaris) in the Northern Great Plains.
- Type:
Theses/Dissertations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Fonseka, D. L., Markel. 2023. Dissertation: Management of Fusarium Root Rot of Lentil and Ascochyta Blight of Field Pea on the Northern Great Plains. Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University. Fargo, ND.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Under Review
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Fonseka, D. L., Markel, C. Bugingo, M. Burrows, M. Ebert, and J. Pasche. Identification and Characterization of Fusarium Species Associated with Root Rot of Lentil across Northern Great Plains and Pacific Northwest
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Under Review
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Fonseka, D. L., Markel, S. Atencio, M. Burrows, P. Miller, M. Ebert and J. Pasche. Management of Fusarium Root Rot of Lentil on the Northern Great Plains with Fungicide Seed Treatments and Genetic Resistance
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Ma, Y., Main, D., Burrow, M., Heineck, G., Porter, L., Coyne, C., McGee, R. Resequencing of 238 lentil accessions provides insights into diversity, domestication, and genetic basis of important traits. Plant & Animal Genome Conference 30, January 13-18, 2023, San Diego, CA. (Poster presentation)
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Under Review
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Ma, Y., Main, D., Burrows, M., Porter, L.D., Heineck, G., Warburton, M., Uhdre, R., Bourland, B., Bett, K.E., Coyne, C.J., McGee, R.J. Resequencing of 238 lentil accessions provide insights into diversity, domestication and genetic basis of important traits. Nature Communication.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Murphy, Carmen, U. McKelvy, M. Brelsford, E. Gunnink Troth and M. Burrows. Predicting soilborne disease risk of pulse crops in Montana. International Congress of Plant Pathology. Lyon, France. August 2023.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Murphy, Carmen, U. McKelvy, M. Brelsford, E. Gunnink Troth and M. Burrows. Monitoring for soilborne diseases of pulse crops in Montana. North American Pulse Improvement Association. Greensville, SC. November 2023.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Burrows, Mary
Nov 29, 2022. Root rots of pulse crops: identification and current research at 406 Agronomy Summit
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Burrows, Mary. Nov 30, 2022. Moderator: research review panel at NPGA/MGGA meeting
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Burrows, Mary. Feb 15, 2023. Montana pulse research update at Pulse Crop Working Group meeting.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
McKelvy, Uta. Nov 22 IPM Workshop: Diagnosing Plant Health Problems. Nov 28, 2022. Diseases of Montana field crops: Review of 2022 and outlook for 2023. 406 Agronomy Summit for consultants and growers, Havre, MT.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
McKelvy, Uta. Dec 8 , 2022. Plant Disease Jeopardy. Wilbur-Ellis Grower Meeting, Joplin, MT.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Murphy, Carmen. Nov 29, 2022 Root rot of pulse crops: identification and current research, 406 Agronomy Summit, Havre, MT
|
Progress 09/01/21 to 08/31/22
Outputs
Target Audience:The target audience includes farmers, farm consultants, agricultural industry, bankers, farm service agencies, extension professionals, graduate students, post docs, faculty and administrators. Changes/Problems:Dr. Porter lost his post doc in October of 2021 and has not been able to hire a new post doc to fill the position. There has also been an issue in developing an inoculation technique for Fusarium oxysporum on lentil that can reliably infect the lentil lines with the pathogen. An invasive technique appears to be necessary that requires the wounding of the root system prior to inoculation with the pathogen. An effective and reliable invasive inoculation technique for greenhouse studies needs to be developed. Dr. Grusak's lab had a minor set back due to illness, and staffing and access issues. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?In addition to research, this project is providing numerous opportunities for professional development and collaborative research across several research teams in the northern growing region. PIs have been meeting regularlyto share results and ideas. Many of these outcomes are directly translatable to pulse growers, such as roll timing, nutrient additions, seeding rates and seed treatments. Students and technicians are communicating regularly with producers and have formed excellent relationships, with quality on farm research. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results from this project have been disseminated to lentil growers through field days (seven field days occur annually across Montana with approximately 200 attendees at each location), two workshops (MT Pulse Field Day- 50 attendees, and IPM soil workshop-25 attendees), presentations (regional- 125 attendees and national conferences- 250 attendees), social media (twitter and Facebook), TV (MT Ag Live, 20,000 viewers/appearance), Montana AgAlerts (1703 email and 168 text subscribers) and podcasts (Growing Pulse Crops- 45 episodes and 8900downloads). What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We are on schedule with all objectives. Objective 1. Characterize Fusarium is complete. The PhD graduate student from Montana State University has completed and published his dissertation. The PhD graduate student from North Dakota State University is finishing up their dissertation.Objective 2.Breeding lentil for durable resistance to Fusarium.During the next reporting period, we will (1) validate the developed KASPar markers in a segregating population (Please check), (2) perform GWAS to identify QTL/genes associated with agronomically important traits in the WGS Lc diversity population, (3) submit one manuscript to peer-reviewed journal. We will validate a new greenhouse inoculation technique for Fusarium oxysporum involving wounding of the root system will be established and three different lentil populations will be screened for resistance to this pathogen: 1) 422 lines from the Lentil Collection located in Pullman, WA. 2) 186 lentil lines from the Lentil Single Plant Core Collection, and 3) 55 lines from the Whole Genome Sequenced-cultivated lentil population. Objective 3. Agronomic trials testing fertility, roll timing, seeding rates, and seed treatments field trials are complete. Results have been presented and published throughout the year. One more manuscript is in preparation for submission to Agronomy Journal.Objective 4. We will continue with extension, and maintaining a presence online at conferences, and with presentations, extension activities, and updating our webpage. The student exchange has not been used due to COVID 19 pandemic and travel restrictions.We will conduct a stakeholdersurvey this winter, which will coincide with local, regional and national conferences in the Great Plains area, including Northern Pulse Growers, Western Pulse Growers and the USA Dry Pea and Lentil conference in February 2023.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
IMPACTS: 1) Although root rot caused by Fusarium avenaceum is an emerging concern in both the United States and Canada, this research identified two lentil lines (W6 27760 and PI 299116) with improved genetic resistance to F. avenaceum that would help improve resistance over the current most resistant commercial cultivar Pardina. In addition, using what is called Genome-Wide Association Studies, a gene coding for a nonsymbiotic hemoglobin protein that has previously been associated with plant defense to root infecting pathogens was significantly associated with resistance to Fusarium avenaceum and may be used in marker-assisted breeding to develop root rot resistant lentil cultivars more rapidly. 2) This project was the first comprehensive agronomic study of lentil in Montana and North Dakota and these results promise to secure greater lentil productivity. Full adoption of a low rate of S fertilizer (5 lb/ac), costing less than $5/ac, could return 20% of lentil growers a yield increase of 200 lb/ac worth approximately $50/ac. 10:1 ROI rates are increasingly rare for such a simple change in crop management. This was the fourth year of a project to investigate agronomic, pathological, and genetic aspects of root rot management in lentils, a commonly grown pulse crop throughout the northern region of the USA and southern Canada. PIs gathered for three stakeholder meetings in person and online in February 2022, June 2022 and October 2022. Coordination of work was discussed as well as the future direction of work within this project and beyond. PIs and student researchers attended and presented 7 talks and posters at regional and national pulse meetings. Nine publications are accepted or in process in conjunction with this project since the last reporting period. PIs and researchers are presenting work at the Northern Pulse Growers meetings in Montana and North Dakota, as well as the Western Pulse Growers meeting in Idaho (November 2022 - January 2023). The PhD student at Montana State University has defended and published his dissertation. We were able to conduct an online pulse grower (93%) and consultant (7%) survey for the third year. 2021 was not a big disease year due to severe drought in most of the growing region. Grower disease issues included Ascochyta blight, Fusarium root rots, and powdery mildew. Ascochyta blight disease pressure increased slightly from 2% to 6% from 2020 to 2021. The greatest challenge cited on this survey was lack of moisture, then weed/herbicide rotations and disease. The top three IPM strategies used by respondents continue to be crop rotation for disease management (97%), agronomic practices for a healthy crop (87%), and monitor/scout for diseases (72%). Nearly all respondents listed that major barriers have increased, with the two highest being the cost of most effective pesticides and the risk of lower profits (39% for both). This growing season was the final year of the Fusarium-inoculated lentil variety trials that were conducted at four locations in Montana and three locations in North Dakota. The Montana doctoral student looked at the presence of Fusarium on and in lentil seed. We now know that Fusarium infests lentil seeds in all three components tested; seed coat, cotyledon, and embryo. An understanding of the virulence/aggressiveness of the seed-borne Fusarium spp. isolated provided useful insights on the importance of these pathogens and can help us to target management strategies. Fungicide efficacy was observed with thirty isolates from two species, Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium acuminatum. Four single ingredient fungicides that are classified as three modes of action (2 DMIs, QoI, and MBC) were tested with isolates in vitro. Both species showed a wide range of sensitivity to the fungicides. Testing indicates that isolates from both species are sensitive to the DMI fungicides. A genome-wide association study was conducted on 186 lentil lines screened for resistance to Fusarium avenaceum. These lines were from the Lentil Single Plant Core Collection and had previously been genotyped using single nucleotide polymorphisms. The lentil reference genome CDC Redberry v. 2.0 was used to predict putative genes in each linkage disequilibrium block. Two genes (Kinesin light chain and Serine/Threonine-kinase HT1-like) were associated with root rot severity; one gene (CASP-like protein) was associated with changes in shoot weight between inoculated and non-inoculated plants; two genes (Non-symbiotic hemoglobin 1 and Protein TIC 62) were associated with changes in root and shoot weight between inoculated and non-inoculated plants; one gene (Ethylene response factor) was associated with root rot severity and changes in root weight between inoculated and non-inoculated plants; four genes (Catalytic region zinc finger, uncharacterized protein, Ankyrin repeat protein and a NOP56-like pre-RNA processing ribonucleoprotein) were associated with changes in shoot weight; and three genes (Afadin/alpha-actinin-binding protein, Histone H4 and a DUF761 domain protein) were associated with changes in shoot length. These genes will be further investigated for the potential to be utilized in marker-assisted selection to determine lentil lines with resistance to Fusarium avenaceum. Two inoculation techniques were evaluated to determine the best method to inoculate lentils with the root rot pathogen Fusarium oxysporum, which tends to infect differently than Fusarium avenaceum and does not tend to be as aggressive. The first method tested was a non-invasive technique using sorghum seed infested with F. oxysporum to infest the soil. Two thousand grams of soil were inoculated with 20 grams of F. oxysporum-colonized sorghum seed. The lentil varieties Cedar, Red Chief and two plant introduction lines (PI592998 and PI339319) were inoculated using this method. This method was assessed twice but was not successful in infecting the lines and was dropped as a potential means to screen lentil genetic resources. for resistance to F. oxysporum due to lack of infection. A second inoculation method was developed by pre-sprouting lentil lines in sterile petri plates and nicking the tip of the emerging root with a sterile scalpel blade. The nicked roots were then placed in either a spore solution of F. oxysporum at 1 x 106 or a sterile water solution acting as a control for 1 minute. The seeds were then placed on sterile, prewetted germination paper. The paper was gently rolled around the seed and then placed in a beaker with 1 inch of sterile distilled water maintained in an incubator at 25C with a 14-hour light cycle to allow the plants to grow. This technique resulted in infection of plant roots with Fusarium oxysporum but it was time consuming and the germination paper impacted the normal growth of lentil shoots. Lentil shoot length is a critical measurement needed to assess differences in resistance between lines, thus impacting the value of this approach. It appears the wounding is necessary to get infection by F. oxysporum, so we are looking to develop a better technique to assess the resistance of wounded lentil roots inoculated with F. oxysporum under greenhouse conditions. Once this technique is improved, we will screen different collections of lentil lines as previously described in the grant. Being able to develop a reliable inoculation technique for F. oxysporum on lentil has impeded progress in screening different lentil populations for resistance to this pathogen. In addition to research, this project is providing numerous opportunities for professional development and collaborative research across several research teams in the northern growing region. PIs have been meeting regularly online and at online conferences to share results and ideas. Many of these outcomes are directly translatable to pulse growers, such as roll timing, nutrient additions, seeding rates and seed treatments.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Baber, K., C. Jones, P. Miller, and S. Koeshall. 2022. Lentil nitrogen fixation response to fertilizer and inoculant in the northern Great Plains. Great Plains Soil Fertility Conference Proceedings. 19: 45-50. March 8-9. https://greatplainssoilfertility.org/files/2022_GPSFC_Proceedings.pdf
- Type:
Theses/Dissertations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Baber, Kaleb W. 2022. Pulse crop management to enhance biological nitrogen fixation in the northern Great Plains. M.Sc.Thesis. Montana State University, Bozeman. 153 pp. [https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/16839]
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Baber, K., S. Atencio, P, Miller, C. Jones, C. Chen, B. Franck, S. Fordyce, P. Carr, P. Lamb, M. Ostlie, J. Rickertsen, M. Bourgault and S. Koeshall. 2022. Lentil yield and nitrogen fixation response to inoculant and fertilizer. Montana Fertilizer eFacts, No. 81. 3p. [http://landresources.montana.edu/fertilizerfacts/index.html]
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Bari, Md. A., Zheng, P., Viera, I., Worral, H., Szwiec, S., Ma, Y., Main, D., Coyne, C., McGee, R., Bandillo, N. Harnessing genetic diversity in the USDA pea germplasm collection through genomic prediction. Frontiers in Genetics. 2021.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Bourgault, M., S.I. Fordyce, P.F. Lamb, S.T. Koeshall, P.M. Carr and P.R. Miller. How do roll timing and seeding rates affect lentil yields? In preparation for submission to Crop, Forages and Turfgrass Management.
- Type:
Theses/Dissertations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Bugingo, Collins. 2022. Characterization and assessing fungicide sensitivity of Fusarium spp. Causing root rot and wilt in lentils in the northern great plains. PhD Dissertation, Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Pp 214.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Das, S., Porter, L.D., Ma, Y., Coyne, C.J., Chaves-Cordoba, B., Naidu, R.A. Resistance in lentil (Lens culinaris) genetic resources to the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum). Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. 2022, 170:755-769
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Fonseka, D.L., Ebert, M.K., and Pasche, J.S. (2022). Identification and characterization of Fusarium species associated with root rot of lentil in North Dakota. APS Plant Health. August 6-10. Poster presentation.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Fonseka, D.L., Ebert, M.K., and Pasche, J.S. (2022). Identification and characterization of Fusarium species associated with root rot of lentil in North Dakota. 8th International Legume Root Diseases Workshop. August 23-26. Poster presentation (virtual).
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Heineck, G. C., Altendorf, K. R., Coyne, C. J., Ma, Y., McGee, R., and Porter, L. D. 2022. Phenotypic and genetic characterization of the lentil single plant-derived core collection for resistance to root rot caused by Fusarium avenaceum. Phytopathology 112: 1979-1987.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Heineck, G., Casanova, J., and Porter, L. D. 2022. Suitable methods of inoculation and quantification of Fusarium root rot in lentil. Plant Disease. Published online https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-07-221658-RE
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Heineck, G. C., Altendorf, K. R., Coyne, C. J., Ma, Y., McGee, R., and Porter, L. D. Genetic Resistance to Fusarium avenaceum in Lentil. Virtual presentation at the Pulse Crops Working Group Annual Meeting. Feb. 14, 2022. Bozeman, MT.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Heineck, G. C., Altendorf, K. R., Coyne, C. J., Ma, Y., McGee, R., and Porter, L. D. Phenotypic and genetic characterization of lentil genetic resources for resistance to Fusarium root rot. Virtual poster presentation at the 8th International Legume Root Disease Workshop. August 25, 2022, Rennes, France.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Ma, Y., Main, D., Burrows, M., Heineck, G., Porter, L.D., Bett, K.E., Coyne, C.J., McGee, R.J. Resequencing of 238 lentil accessions provide insights into diversity, domestication, and genetic basis of important traits. Nature Communications. Expect for submission on Dec 31, 2022.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Miller, P., S. Atencio, C. Jones, E. Eriksmoen, B. Franck, & and K. Baber. 2022. Lentil inoculant, potassium, sulfur, and micronutrient effects on yield and protein in the northern Great Plains. Great Plains Soil Fertility Conference Proceedings. 19:83-89. https://greatplainssoilfertility.org/files/2022_GPSFC_Proceedings.pdf
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Miller, P.R., S.C. Atencio, C.A. Jones, E. Eriksmoen, W. Franck, J. Rickertsen, S.I. Fordyce, M. Ostlie, P.F. Lamb, M.A. Grusak, C. Chen, P.M. Carr, M. Bourgault, S.T. Koeshall and K.W. Baber.
Inoculant and fertilizer effects on lentil yield and protein in the northern Great Plains. In preparation for submission to Agronomy Journal.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Rajendran, K., Coyne, C.J., Zheng, P., Saha, G., Main, D., Amin, N., Ma, Y., Kisha, T., Bett, K., McGee, R.J, Kumar, S. Genetic diversity and GWAS of agronomic traits using an ICARDA lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) Reference Plus collection. Plant Genetic Resources. 2021: 1-10.
- Type:
Book Chapters
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Vasconcelos MW, Grusak MA, Pinto E, Gomes A, Ferreira H, Bal�zs B, Centofanti T, Ntatsi G, Savvas D, Karkanis A, Williams M, Vandenberg A, Toma L, Shrestha S, Akaichi F, Barrios CO, Gruber S, James EK, Maluk M, Karley A, Iannetta P (2020) The biology of legumes and their agronomic, economic, and social impact. In: Hasanuzzaman M, Ara�jo S, Gill SS (eds) The Plant Family Fabaceae: Biology and Physiological Responses to Environmental Stresses. Springer Singapore, Singapore, pp 325. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4752-2_1
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Yu Ma, Dorrie Main, Mary Burrows, Clarice Coyne, Garett Heineck, Lyndon Porter, Rebecca McGee. 2022. Resequencing of 238 lentil accessions provide insights into diversity, domestication, and genetic basis of important traits. Presentation at Crop Science Society of America Annual Meeting, Baltimore, Maryland, November 6-9, 2022.
|
Progress 09/01/20 to 08/31/21
Outputs
Target Audience:Target audience includes farmers, agricultural industry, bankers, farm service agency, extension professionals, graduate students, post-docs, faculty and administrators. Changes/Problems:At the Washington site, the post doc that had been conducting this research recently took a new job with the United States Department of Agriculture in October and a new post doc will need to be hired to continue this research. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?In addition to research, this project is providing numerous opportunities for professional development and collaborative research across several research teams in the northern growing region. PIs have been meeting regularly online and at online conferences to share results and ideas. Many of these outcomes are directly translatable to pulse growers, such as roll timing, nutrient additions, seeding rates and seed treatments. Students and technicians are communicating regularly with producers and have formed excellent relationships, with quality on farm research. Due to COVID, most relevant meetings have been online and as a consequence sharing of research and cooperation between groups have moved to social media. Through this means, information transfer and problem solving is happening more quickly. This grant provided free registration to 41 graduate students and post docs to the biennial joint meetings of North American Pulse Improvement Association and the Bean Improvement Cooperative, of which fourteen of the students were from Canada. This event was completely online with participation from eight countries and 248 participants. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results from this project have been disseminated to lentil growers through field days (sevenfield days occur annually across Montana with approximately 200 attendees at eachlocation), twoworkshops (MT Pulse Field Day- 50 attendees, and IPM soil workshop-25 attendees), presentations (regional- 125 attendees and national conferences- 250 attendees), social media (twitter and Facebook), TV (MT Ag Live, 10,000 viewers), Montana AgAlerts (1152 email and 183 text subscribers) and podcasts (Growing Pulse Crops- 5000 downloads). What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We are on schedule with all objectives. Objective 1. Characterize Fusarium. We have completed all field collections and greenhouse bio-assays. We are currently testing the efficacy of commercially available and research (essential oil)seed treatments with Fusarium isolates collected from fields. The graduate student at North Dakota State University will finish their dissertation. Objective 2. We are characterizing the Lentil Diversity Panel for resistance to Fusarium and root architecture associated with root rot, we will screen three lentil genetic germplasm collections (Lentil Single Plant Collection, Lentil Whole Genome Sequence Collection, and the Wild Lentil Collection) for resistance to Fusarium oxysporum and determine the genes associated with this resistance using genome-wide association mapping. This process has been completed for Fusarium avenaceum. We will (1) design breeder-friendly KASPar markers in reference to the LSP population-based GWAS and validate them on the LSP population, (2) perform GWAS to identify QTL/genes associated with Fusarium root rot resistance, as well as agronomically important traits on WGS population, and (3) submit two manuscripts to peer-reviewed journals. Objective 3. Agronomic trials testing fertility, roll timing, seeding rates, and seed treatments are completed. There will be a final year of the lentil variety trial at sevenlocations in Montana and North Dakota. The graduate student at Montana State University will finish their dissertation. Results are being presented at national and regional meetings and field days. Nutritional quality of lentil seed is in process as we continue to process 2020 field samples for protein and mineral concentrations. All samples have been ground for these analyses. We've completed the protein analyses on almost all samples and minerals on approximately 15% of the samples. Lab work was slowed due to COVID restrictions. We have received some 2021 samples and are prepping them (grinding) for protein and mineral analyses as soon as possible. Objective 4. We will continue with extension, and maintaining a presence online at conferences, and with presentations, extension activities, and updating or webpage. The student exchange has not been used due to COVID 19 pandemic, but we are hopeful to have lab exchange learning opportunities in the summer of 2022 and are advertising for participants. We will conduct an online stake holder's survey this winter, which will coincide with the USA Dry Pea and Lentil conference.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
This is the third year of a four-year project to investigate agronomic, pathological, and genetic aspects of root rot management in lentils, a commonly grown pulse crop throughout the northern region of the USA and southern Canada. PIs gathered for three stakeholder meetings online in December 2020, February 2021 and in August 2021. Coordination of work was discussed as well as the future direction of work within this project and beyond. PIs and student researchers attended and presented 14 talks and posters at regional and national pulse meetings. The MS student at Montana State University has defended and published her thesis. We were able to conduct an online pulse grower (58%) and consultant (31%) survey for the second year. We had 43 respondents representing seven states from Oregon to Minnesota, with the majority from Montana (31 respondents). Grower disease issues included white mold, root rots, powdery mildew, and botrytis grey mold. Ascochyta blight disease pressure was reduced in 2020 as compared to 2019, likely due to weather patterns (drought). Disease and weed management were cited as the greatest challenges by growers, followed by weather and climate. The top three IPM strategies used by respondents continue to be crop rotation for disease management (88%), monitor/scout for diseases (78%), and agronomic practices for a healthy crop (68%). Fungicide use patterns were notably different from 2020, with respondents indicating that 'fungicides are always used' at 28% - a 58% decrease compared to 2019. Seventy percent of respondents reported using IPM; 13% were unsure. The cost of most effective pesticides, which increased slightly over last year, remains the top barrier. The risk of lower profits has also increased substantially as a major barrier over last year (31% vs 22%). There were no respondents who grow only organic this year, possibly a reflection of how the survey was distributed in 2020 (online responses only, advertised by major agricultural representative groups). The use of online resources was significantly increased and the average usefulness ratings increased significantly for online webinars and online videos. The Growing Pulse Crops Podcast rated significantly higher than "podcasts" from the previous year. Field studies were completed and results from three years have been presented at the North American Pulse Improvement Association (NAPIA) meeting. Some key highlights from these agronomic studies indicate that rhizobial inoculant increased seed yield by an average of 39% in six of 20 site-years (P<0.05) and that sulfur fertilizer increased seed yield in four of 20 site-years (P<0.05), by an average of 14%. Rolling the crop after planting is crucial for effective harvesting and was not detrimental to the crop even when rolled up to ten weeks after planting. Seeding density affected crop yield in six site-years. Target densities 50% and/or 100% higher than currently recommended produced higher yields, suggesting that recommended seeding rates may be too low for lentil production in Montana. Yield differences ranged from 100 up to 470 lb/ac. Field trials looking at seed treatment and lentil varieties have been successfully planted at 7 locations in Montana and North Dakota for three years. Harvested yields were consistently 50% lower this year than in previous years due to persistent drought conditions in the region and one trial location was lost this year due to the drought. Several seed treatments appear to be somewhat effective on Fusarium root rot disease, CruiserMaxx Vibrance Pulse (thiamethoxam, thiabendazole, sedaxane, mefenoxam, and fludioxonil) reduced disease severity in 3 of 8 site years, and Rancona Summit (ipconazole and metalaxyl) reduced disease severity in two of four site years. During the reporting period, we collected agronomical trait (flowering time, plant height, canopy height, etc.) data from the whole genome shotgun (WGS) and the lentil diversity panel (LDP) population in the field for a second season. The genetic variants discovered for the two lentil populations through whole genome sequencing and genotyping provide valuable framework to understand the genetic basis underlying the ecologically important traits and will accelerate lentil cultivar development. Population genetics and evolution analysis of the WGS population indicates that Lens orientalis could be the wild progenitor of Lens culinaris and the Near East region of the world was the center of origin for lentil. These genomics resources provide further clarification of the domestication and evolutionary history of lentil. We have screened 422 lentil lines for resistance to F. avenaceum and identified five lines with excellent resistance that can be used in breeding programs to improve genetic resistance to this pathogen. Through genome-wide association study (GWAS) on the lentil single-plant derived (LSP) population, quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with Fusarium root rot resistance were identified and will be used to enable marker-assisted breeding in lentil. Genetic resistance is one of the most economical management practices for growers to manage this pathogen since available chemical controls have been limited. Sixteen genetic markers were also identified in associated with resistance to F. avenaceum. These markers can be further developed to rapidly select for lines containing resistance traits that can improve early selection of breeding material that can advance the development of future lentil cultivars with resistance to this disease. This project also refined a protocol to disinfect lentil seed while maintaining the ability of the seed to germinate and grow normally. In addition, an automated image analysis system was developed to detect lentil root rot severity and can likely replace visual scoring of lentil roots and lower stems which can often be subjective and vary significantly. In addition to research, this project is providing numerous opportunities for professional development and collaborative research across several research teams in the northern growing region. PIs have been meeting regularly online and at online conferences to share results and ideas. Many of these outcomes are directly translatable to pulse growers, such as roll timing, nutrient additions, seeding rates and seed treatments. Students and technicians are communicating regularly with producers and have formed excellent relationships, with quality on-farm research conducted.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Rica Amor Gregorio Saludares, J. Steffes, L. Piche, H. Worral, A. Ross, C. Coyne, R. Mcgee and Nonoy Bandillo (2021). Genetic Dissection of Protein Content and Seed Yield Using Multi-Variate Approach in Dry Pea. Crop Science Society of America, Meetings November 2021.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Grusak, Michael. (2021). USDA-ARS Pulse Quality Network: Current Directions and Future Opportunities. Presentation given at the US Pea & Lentil Trade Association Annual Meeting, in September.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Grusak, Michael. (2021) Pulse Quality Network: Current Directions and Future Opportunities for Pulse. Presentation (virtual) at the North American Pulse Improvement Association meeting online, November 2-4.
- Type:
Book Chapters
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Vasconcelos MW, Grusak MA, Pinto E, Gomes A, Ferreira H, Balázs B, Centofanti T, Ntatsi G, Savvas D, Karkanis A, Williams M, Vandenberg A, Toma L, Shrestha S, Akaichi F, Barrios CO, Gruber S, James EK, Maluk M, Karley A, Iannetta P (2020) The biology of legumes and their agronomic, economic, and social impact. In: Hasanuzzaman M, Araújo S, Gill SS, eds., The Plant Family Fabaceae: Biology and Physiological Responses to Environmental Stresses. Singapore: Springer, pgs. 3-25. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4752-2_1.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Marzougui, A., Rajendran, A., Mattinson, D.S., Ma, Y., McGee, R.J., Garcia-Perez, M., Ficklin, S.P., Sankaran, S. Evaluation of biogenic markers based phenotyping for Aphanomyces root rot resistance in field pea. Information Processing in Agriculture. 2021.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Marzougui, A., Ma, Y., McGee, R.J., Khot, L., Sankaran, S. Generalized linear model with elastic net regularization and convolutional neural network for evaluating Aphanomyces root rot severity in Lentil. Plant Phenomics. 2020.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Miller, P. (2021). Fertilizer and inoculant effects on lentil yield in the Northern Great Plains. Montana Pulse Days. November 9-10. Poster presentation.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Miller, P. (2021). Lentil agronomy research in Montana- Presentation (in person). Bozeman Field Day 8 July.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Murphy C, Burrows M, Brelsford M (2021) Management of Aphanomyces root rot on field pea and lentil with greenhouse crop rotation. Talk presented at the North American Pulse Improvement Association meeting online, November 2-4.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Murphy , C. Presented talk on Aphanomyces root rot at the Integrated Pest Management- Soil tour in Bozeman, September 23, 2021.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Murphy C, Burrows M, Brelsford M (2021) Impact of rotational crops on Aphanomyces root rot of pulses. Talk presented at the pacific division of the American Phytopathological Society online, June 16-18.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Murphy C, Burrows M, Brelsford M (2021) Root rot mitigation in pulse crops. Talk presented at the 66th Annual Conference on Soilborne Plant Pathogens online, March 23-24.
- Type:
Theses/Dissertations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Atencio, S.C. (2021). Role of crop fertility and seed treatments in managing Fusarium root rot of lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) in the Northern Great Plains. Master⿿s Thesis. Land Resources and Environmental Sciences. Montana State University. Pp. 172
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Brelsford, M., S. Atencio and M. Burrows (2021). Fusarium inoculated lentil variety trials in Montana. Montana Pulse Days. November 9-10. Poster presentation.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Bugingo, Collins (2021) ⿿ Role of seedborne inoculum in the spread of fusarium root rot in lentils- talk (virtual), APS Pacific Division June 16-18, 2021.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Bugingo, Collins (2021). Management of disease in lentils. Presentation (in person). Moccasin Field day, 13 July.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Bugingo, Collins (2021) ⿿ Assessing fungicide sensitivity of fusarium oxysporum f. sp lentis in the northern Great Plains- Poster (virtual) presented at the North American Pulse Improvement Association meeting online, November 2-4.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Burrows, M (2021). Managing pulse root rots. MonDak Ag Summit. February 11, 2021.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Burrows, M (2021). Pulse crop research activities. Pulse Crop Working Group. February 15, 2021.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Burrows, M (2021). Management of diseases in Montana Crops. Seminar series, Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology. October 25, 2021.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Coyne, C. (2021) Rain in the desert: bringing machine learning to pulse plant genetic resources. Presentation (virtual) at the North American Pulse Improvement Association meeting online, November 2-4.
|
Progress 09/01/19 to 08/31/20
Outputs
Target Audience:Target audience includes farmers, agricultural industry, bankers, farm service agency, extension professionals, graduate students, post-docs, faculty and administrators. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?In addition to research, this project is providing numerous opportunities for professional development for students, with 11 presentations at 3 meetings. In addition, travel awards were presented to ten students from the US and Canada to attend the North American Pulse Improvement Association meeting in Fargo, ND. This meeting gave participants an opportunity to meet and exchange ideas with pulse researchers from the US, Canada, and Australia. Due to COVID, most relevant meetings have been cancelled but the travel funds opportunity is regularly shared at pulse meetings and via social media. We anticipate this will pay off and a number of research exchanges will be funded in the final two years of the project. We are considering extending the opportunity to post-doctoral fellows in addition to graduate students. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?See outputs for specific numbers. Presentations, field days, workshops, social media (Facebook, Twitter), traditional media (radio, television, newspaper, press releases), Montana AgAlerts (email and text), Montana Urban Alerts (email and text), websites. Stakeholder advisory committee meeting. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We are on schedule with all objectives. Objective 1. Characterize Fusarium. We will continue to conduct bio-assays on aggressiveness of Fusarium isolates.Objective 2. Breeding lentil for durable resistance to Fusarium. Hyp. 2a. Characterization of a Lentil Diversity Panel for resistance to Fusarium and root architecture associated with root rot resistance will provide phenotypes for gene identification. Hyp. 2b. Exome capture will provide high gene-coverage genotypes for genome-wide association mapping to determine genes or QTL associated with resistance to Fusarium root rot. During the next reporting period, we will perform genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify QTL or genes associated with Fusarium root rot resistance. To achieve this goal, we will (1) generate a systematic and comprehensive genomic data by integrating SNPs detected from this study on the 240 lentil lines and SNPs previously identified by Dr. Kirstin Bett at University of Saskatchewan using exome capture on AGILE population, (2) analyze Fusarium root rot related phenotypic data carried out in Hyp. 2a, (3) perform GWAS using GAPIT/PLINK with genotypic and phenotypic data collected on this worldwide lentil diversity population. In addition to this, we will collect post-harvest trait (yield, biomass, etc.) data from the field trial conducted in this summer on 185 lentil lines, and identify QTL or genes linked to the important agronomic traits collected. Objective 3. Agronomic studies will continue at the 7 research centers in Montana and North Dakota. Objective 4. We will continue with extension education, and maintaining a presence online at conferences, and with presentations, extension activities, and updating our webpage. The student exchange has not been activated due to COVID19 pandemic, but we are hopeful to have lab exchange learning opportunities in the summer 2021. We will conduct an online stake holder's survey this winter, which will coincide with normal meeting times of the US Dry Pea and Lentil conference and the Pulse Day conferences.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
This was the second year of the 4 year project to investigate agronomic, pathological, and genetic aspects of root rot management in lentils, a commonly grow pulse crop through the northern region of the USA, and southern Canada. PIs gathered for three stakeholdermeetings in North Dakota, November 2019, Washington February 2020, and online August 2020. Coordination of work was discussed and future directions within the scope of this project and beyond. PI's and student researchers attended and presented 14 talks and posters at regional and national pulse meetings. In coordination with these meetings and presentations, audiences weresurveyed for their relationship to the pulse industry and their future needs. We found throughsurveys that our audiences were made of 69% growers, and 41% were consultants and industry from5 states. Of the 123,000 acres represented, 67% of the acreage was in pea, 56% lentil and 40% was in chickpea. The major disease concern area of concern was a foliar disease, Ascochyta blight (20%), followed by unknown root rots (10%), Aphanomyces root rot (9%) and Fusarium root rots (8%). Therefore, the root rot complex is a major disease of concern for the industry. Growers rely on University personnel, in-person meetings and university publications as their most useful sources of information. Growers are hoping to gain information on disease identification in combination with effective use of fungicides, and they are willing to stretch out rotation cycles if it will pay off over the long term. Over the past year, our researchers have worked directly with 54 growers in 3 states. We have been able to conduct research on 134 grower fields, in addition to our targeted research that occurs on 7 state/federal research centers in the 3 key states. A key outcome of this project in Y1 was the identification of species of Fusarium causing root rot of lentil in three states. We found that Fusarium oxysporum, which causes wilt, was the most common species, although many others were identified. This will assist breeders in targeting their efforts. A student has taken on a complementary project to identify the races of Fusarium oxysporum in lentil production regions of the US and Canada. Through dissection of seed, we have found that Fusarium predominantly infests the seed coat, although it can also infest cotyledons and embryos. This helps us in our evaluation of both conventional and organic seed treatment options. Isolates recovered from seed were pathogenic on lentil, suggesting that seed can facilitate the movement of root rot pathogens. Preliminary data from Y2 field trials suggest that essential oils are doing as well as conventional seed treatments in limiting fusarium root rot disease. This is an extension of complementary funding from a Montana Department of Agriculture Specialty Crop Block Grant. Lentil accessions and wild relatives are being screened for resistance to Fusarium, although there have been some delays due to laboratory shutdowns as a result of the COVID epidemic. Two hundred and forty lentil lines from a wide variety of sources have been genotyped and phenotyped by planting in the greenhouse and the field. Characteristics such as height, flower color, and other agronomic characteristics were recorded. Genomic and genetic data will provide a valuable framework and road map to facilitate lentil cultivar improvement, and also accelerate our understanding of genetic basis of lentil Fusarium root rot, as well as other agronomically important traits. Field studies have tested rhizobial inoculant type, the timing of rolling the crop after seeding, seed treatments, variety selection, and sulfur fertility with inconsistent results in Y1. Y1 was relatively dry and root rot was not severe in either Montana or North Dakota. Increased root rot was observed in Y2 but data have not been analyzed. Detailed results for research objectives are below. In addition to research, this project is providing numerous opportunities for professional development for students, with 11 presentations at 3 meetings. In addition, travel awards were presented to ten students from the US and Canada to attend the North American Pulse Improvement Association meeting in Fargo, ND. This meeting gave participants an opportunity to meet and exchange ideas with pulse researchers from the US, Canada, and Australia. Due to COVID, most relevant meetings have been cancelled but the travel funds opportunity is regularly shared at pulse meetings and via social media. We anticipate this will pay off and a number of research exchanges will be funded in the final two years of the project. We are considering extending the opportunity to post-doctoral fellows in addition to graduate students, pending approval from the NIFA NPL.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Parikh, L.P., Moparthi S., Burrows M.E., and Agindotan, B.O. Efficacy of five herbal essential oils for management of Didymella rabiei. North American Pulse Improvement Association, Biennial Meeting, Fargo, ND. 8th November 2019.NAPIA conference
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Monica Brelsford, M. Burrows, C. Coyne, M. Grusak, R. McGee, P. Miller, L. Porter, J. Pasche. Building a Better Lentil.NAPIA 2019
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Fonseka, D. L., Lamppa, R. S., Zitnick-Anderson, K., and Pasche, J. S.Insensitivity to Pyraclostrobin in Peyronellaea pinodes affecting field pea. NAPIA 2019
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Zitnick-Anderson K., Sharma Poudel, R., Bruggeman, R., and Pasche, J. S.Genetic characterization of Aphanomyces euteiches. NAPIA 2019
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Zitnick-Anderson K., Bandillo, N., Friskop, A., and Pasche, J. S.Importance of Fusarium species in the field pea: cereals rotation. NAPIA 2019
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Ma, Yu, Clare Coyne, and Rebecca McGee. Integration of Traditional and Image-Based Phenotyping Tools to Identify QTL for Aphanomyces Root Rot Resistance in Lentil. Napia 2019
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Moparthi S., Parikh, L.P.,Burrows M.E., and Agindotan, B.O.Identification and Prevalence of Seedborne Botrytis spp. in Pulses
of Montana. NAPIA 2019
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Murphy,Carmen and Burrows M.E.In-Field Distribution of Aphanomyces euteiches in Montana. NAPIA 2019
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Burrows, M.E.Root rots of pulse crops in the Northern Great Plains of the United States. Emerging Opportunities for Pulse Production: Genetics, Genomics, Phenomics, and Integrated Pest Management. Workshop, June 2019
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Burrows, M.E. Crop rotation and pulses. Montana Agribusiness Association. Conference, January 2020
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Burrows, M.E. Montana pulse research update. Workshop at Pulse Crop Working Group. February 2020
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Monica Brelsford, M. Burrows, C. Coyne, M. Grusak, R. McGee, P. Miller, L. Porter, J. Pasche. Building a Better Lentil. Western Pulse Growers meeting. November 2019
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Coyne, C., Porter, L. D., Boutet, G., Ma, Y., McGee, R., Lesne, A., Baranger, A., Pilet-Nayel,M. 2019. Confirmation of Fusarium root rot resistance QTL Fsp-Ps 2.1 of pea Under controlled conditions. BMC Plant Biology 19:98.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Ma, Y., Marzougui, A., Coyne, C.J., Sankaran, S., Main, D., Porter, L.D., Mugabe, D., Smitchger, J., Zhang, C., Amin, M.N., Rasheed, N., Ficklin, S., and McGee, R. 2020. Dissecting the genetic architecture of Aphanomyces root rot resistance in lentil by QTL mapping and genome-wide association study. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 21: 2129.
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Progress 09/01/18 to 08/31/19
Outputs
Target Audience:Target audience includes farmers, agricultural industry, bankers, farm service agency, extension professionals, graduate students, post-docs, faculty and administrators. Changes/Problems:Dr. Julie Pasche has accepted another position at North Dakota State University and will be transitioning off of this project starting in Feb 2020. We are planning for this change and do not forsee any barriers to completion of the project. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Students have presented their research at field days. Three graduate students and one post doc were hired for the project. Most or all will attend the North American Pulse Improvement Association meeting in November in Fargo, ND. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?See outputs for list of stakeholder meetings, social media, extension publications, trade publications, radio, television, websites, field days, extension presentations, scientific presentations, etc. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?In Year 2, the lentil survey and field studies will proceed as conducted in Y1, as will lab research and administrative coordination. Some alterations to the survey instrument will be made to answer questions raised by results in Y1. Funding for student travel and research experiences should increase due to publicity.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
This was the first year of the 4 year project to investigate agronomic, pathological, and genetic aspects of root rot management in lentils. PIs hired staff, field trials were established in Montana and North Dakota, field surveys were performed in four states. Genetic materials were obtained and are being processed. Currently (August 2019) we are in the midst of harvest so results are largely pending and will be compiled this fall and winter. Extension and evaluation goals, as well as project coordination goals, were met. In Montana, two graduate students (Collins Bugingo and Sydney Atencio) were hired for a PhD and MS degree. All field trials were established at the four research centers. These include a study of fertility, roll timing, variety selection and fungicide seed treatments as they affect disease. Low disease was generally observed. The variety trial and seed treatment trial were inoculated with five isolates of Fusarium spp. Surveys conducted in North Dakota in 2017/2018 identified the most commonly isolated species: F. oxysporum (36 / 38%), F. graminearum (11 / 6%), F. sporotrichioides (10 / 4%), F. acuminatum (8 / 21%), F. equiseti (7 / 6%), F. culmorum (6 / 0%), F. avenaceum (3 / 6%) and F. redolens (3 / 19%). Based on that survey, we used two isolates of F. oxysporum, and one isolate each of F. avenaceum, F. acuminatum and F. redolens for field inoculations. These were the top 5 most pathogenic species based on greenhouse trials and represents the higher frequency of F. oxysporum. All isolates used in Montana were originally isolated in Montana, and those used in North Dakota were obtained from North Dakota. For the field survey, lentils from twenty five locations were collected and sent to NDSU for processing to identify the primary Fusarium species causing root rot. We are currently collecting seed samples from those fields prior to harvest. In addition, weeds were collected from 29 fields in five counties to determine if weeds could be important alternative hosts of the Fusarium spp. associated with root rot. Based on brown and black discoloration of lateral and tap roots, weeds were categorized as symptomatic (36 plants) and asymptomatic (81 plants). Based on colony color, spore size and shape, preliminary results showed successful isolation of Fusarium from 16 weed species. Fusarium isolates from weeds with a positive host status will be identified to species and tested for pathogenicity on lentils. In North Dakota, Dimitri Lakshan was hired for an MS degree in the lab of Dr. Pasche. He performed the lentil survey and coordinated field operations at research centers.Lentil samples from surveys in Washington, Montana, and North Dakota were sent to NDSU for processing via traditional plating techniques and GBS.Overall, disease pressure was low and very few significant differences were seen in plant establishment, canopy cover, nodulation and disease severity in the fertility, plant variety, and seed treatment trials. Dr. Mike Grusak's lab at USDA-ARS in Fargo, ND received lentil seed samples (greenhouse study) from Clare Coyne and Rebecca McGee for mineral analysis and we have started to digest and analyze this material. Dr. Grusak has had phone conversations and/or email exchanges with team members regarding field sampling to get clean seeds for seed quality analyses (minerals and protein). Seed is currently being collected from survey sites and field plots for analysis after harvest. Dr. Lyndon Porter at USDA-ARS in Prosser, WA conducted a survey of 25 lentil fields in Washington and Idaho and sent samples to NDSU. He is currently characterizing the isolates of pathogens used for the field study for use in breeding efforts.Drs. Rebecca McGee and Clarice Coyne at USDA-ARS in Prosser, WA have hired a post doc (Yu Ma) and organized the lentil diversity panel (LDP) at the Pullman site, a total of 564 lines (cultivars, landraces, wild lentils). After discussions with our North Dakota project Co-PD, they decided to focus phenotyping on lentil root rot caused by Fusarium avenaceum. The first 324 LDP lines were distributed to Prosser site for greenhouse disease screening for reaction to F. avenaceum. This will give us our first understanding of the genetics controlling genetic resistance in lentil to this pathogen. SNPs for exome capture of these 324 LDP were re-mapped to the new lentil reference genome (LenRef 2.0). LenRef 2.0 is far superior assembly to the first reference genome LenRef 1.2 as it includes additional long reads and Hi-C sequence data. DNA has been extracted from an additional 240 LDP lines and submitted for sequencing at U.C. Berkeley Vincent J. Coates Genomics Sequencing Lab, & Computational Genomics Resources Lab using Illumina NovaSeq PE150 technology. 2020 field study of the 564 LDP lines has been designed to assist in identifying agronomically superior lines with high levels of resistance to F. avenaceum. The PIs have conducted a number of presentations, field days, media alerts, and radio and television appearances to raise awareness about root rot of pulse crops, as listed in our outputs. A website was established at http://www.montana.edu/legumes/. PIs have met formally three times and informally countless times in person, via email and phone. A stakeholder kickoff meeting was held and regular updates are being sent. Stakeholders are being put to work helping with aspects of the project, which increases engagement with the group. This REEport and a report following harvest summarizing this year's results will be sent to all stakeholders and cooperators. Graduate students have been given the opportunity to present at field days and most will be attending the North American Pulse Improvement Association meeting in Fargo, ND in November 2019. This is an excellent opportunity to meet the genetics and pathology leaders in the field from the US, Canada, Europe, Australia, and other countries. The travel scholarship and research experience funding availability has been advertised via the website, direct emails, and the NAPIA website and email solicitations (https://www.bic-napia.org/). We conducted the lentil production practice survey 4 times to a total of 89 participants in 4 states. The survey represented 52k acres of peas, 44k acres of lentils, and 56k acres of chickpeas (152k total acres). Most respondents were experienced pulse growers (>4y). For all growers, the main target for disease management is Ascochyta blight. There were very few growers using organic growing methods, indicating we largely missed this audience during the surveys. Growers used most IPM practices, with agronomic practices and crop rotation being the most dominant. Growers in newer production areas were most interested in disease ID. On average, seed testing was reported as an IPM practice by only 40% of growers. We don't know if this is because growers don't test seed or if they are relying on their seed supplier to do the testing. This bears further investigation. Fungicide use for seed and foliar disease management varied by production area. On average, 50% of growers were using fungicide resistance management as an IPM technique, while only 24% were interested in more information on the topic. Interestingly, when asked where they get their information about pulse disease management, growers primarily used personal communications and websites. Zero percent chose social media as a principle source of information. One can speculate that growers may be alerted to problems via social media but do not rely on it for decision making. This also bears further investigation.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
G. Vandemark, H. Yeager and B. Pittendrigh. 2019. Emerging Opportunities for Pulse Production: Genetics, Genomics, Phenomics and Integrated Pest Management. NIFA Conference white paper. https://sites.google.com/view/pulseconference/conference-materials (Burrows, Coyne, McGee, Pasche, Porter participated in this meeting)
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
M. Burrows, L. Porter and J. Pasche. 2018. Game of Crops: managing pulse root rots. Take Your Pulse Magazine (USA Dry Pea and Lentil Association). http://pubhtml5.com/gtwd/knox
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
M. Burrows. 1 May, 2019. Seed and foliar fungicide tables for pulse crops and foliar table for wheat. Montana AgAlert. Over 1000 email, text, and fax subscribers.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
M. Burrows. 14 May, 2019. Sites requested: Lentil root rot. Montana AgAlert. Over 1000 email, text, and fax subscribers.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
M. Burrows. 8 July, 2019. It started raining: prevalent diseases in cereals and pulses. Montana AgAlert. Over 1000 email, text, and fax subscribers.
- Type:
Websites
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Project website. http://www.montana.edu/legumes/
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Kalil, A., and Pasche, J. 2019. Lentil Root Rot. North Dakota State Cooperative Extension Service - Crop and Pest Report. August 15, 2019 (14):8-9.
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