Source: MICHIGAN STATE UNIV submitted to NRP
SUSTAINABLE AGRI-FOOD-RESOURCE BUSINESS SYSTEMS AND GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1016173
Grant No.
(N/A)
Cumulative Award Amt.
(N/A)
Proposal No.
(N/A)
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Aug 1, 2018
Project End Date
Jul 31, 2023
Grant Year
(N/A)
Program Code
[(N/A)]- (N/A)
Recipient Organization
MICHIGAN STATE UNIV
(N/A)
EAST LANSING,MI 48824
Performing Department
Agricultural, Food, & Resource Economics
Non Technical Summary
Long term sustainability of the economy critically depends on the speed with which the current economic system moves from unsustainable resource use patterns toward sustainable and renewable sources, from myopic profit maximization oriented businesses toward socially and environmentally responsible business organizations, and from development assistance toward integrated sustainable international development that includes institutional capacity building and entrepreneurship. The overarching goal of this research project is to critically analyze current public policies, technologies and business systems with a long-term sustainability lens, and to develop improved policies, decision tools and practices.The first theme of this research aims to analyze sustainability management practices and trends in agri-food firms, and develop improved policies, analytical tools and practices.Example topics include sustainability accounting, environmental finance, life cycle assessment, environmental marketing, sustainability management systems, new business models for renewable energy, ecosystem services, and closing the material loops through recycling, etc. Increasing environmental variability also necessitates building resiliency in supply chains, infrastructure and organizational strategies. Another major recent development is the emergence of social media as a strong force that is simultaneously affecting corporate as well as stakeholder behavior and strategies. This research theme also aims to address issues relating to social media and big data analytics in sustainability management.A second theme of this research takes a "Bottom of the Pyramid (BOP)" approach to international development and agribusiness strategy. The BOP approach views serving the needs of over 4-5 billion extremely poor consumers mostly in rural areas and less developed countries who are stuck in high cost ecosystems, as the biggest untapped market and the next business frontier. Agri-food business and international development strategies need to develop new approaches, organizational designs, and creative business models to exploit these BOP market opportunities for US producer firms, and to meet the millennium sustainable development goals (SDG). This research aims to analyze drivers of successful BOP business strategies and development policies, and develop insights and recommendations for future policy-making and business strategy development.The proposed work is directly relevant to the following priority Knowledge Areas of AgBioResearch.KA 601, Economics of Agricultural production and Farm Management; especially sustainable agriculture and agricultural profitability.KA 605 Natural Resource and Environmental Economics, especially, land resource use and management, waste management, weather and climate change, and agrochemical management.KA 606 International Trade and Development, especially International economic growth and development, and Foreign market development. The insights and results from this research will be useful for agri-food-resource businesses, public policy makers, governments and international development agencies.
Animal Health Component
100%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
(N/A)
Applied
100%
Developmental
(N/A)
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
6010499301050%
6050210310035%
6060210000115%
Goals / Objectives
This project aims to broadly address the following research questions under its two themes, namely sustainability management in businesses, and BOP business strategies.Sustainability Management in Businesses.How have firm sustainability management strategies, processes and practices evolved over time, across different industry sectors, and what are the drivers of these changes?What are the emerging business models and financing mechanisms in renewable energy technologies, environmental commodities (e.g. tradable pollution permits), ecosystem services, and green product and certification businesses?How do firms make tradeoffs among triple bottom line objectives of people, planet and profits, and short run and long run performance?How do firms measure, benchmark and compare their triple bottom line performance? How successful are the emerging global sustainability reporting initiatives?How are social media and big data analytics influencing sustainability management practices?What is the appropriate sustainable energy mix for the future? What role can businesses play in achieving that mix given the tradeoffs with respect to food supply, land use, and ecological impacts?How effective are current policy tools aimed at promoting biomaterials, remanufacturing, recycling, composting, Design for the Environment and green chemistry? What innovations are needed to improve their effectiveness?These research questions will specifically be framed to address knowledge areas KA 601, Economics of Agricultural production and Farm Management:sustainable agriculture and agricultural profitability, and KA 605 Natural Resource and Environmental Economics: especially, land resource use and management, waste management, weather and climate change, and agrochemical management. However the main mechanism will be through changing business strategies and practices. Bottom of the Pyramid (BOP) Business strategiesWhat innovations in technology, products, business models and collaborations between businesses, governments and civic organizations, have been successful in meeting the BOP needs?What are the contextual, cultural, regulatory and policy drivers of success of BOP approaches especially in the agrifood business sector?How effective are traditional public policy interventions compared to private business oriented value chain interventions in the agri-food sector in achieving development goals?How can US based agri-food firms use BOP approaches to expand trade and market opportunities within US and abroad? These research questions will specifically be formulated to address knowledge area KA 606 International Trade and Development: especially International economic growth and development, and foreign market development. Again, the main mechanism explored will be changing business strategies and value chain practices instead of conventional foreign-aid and public policy interventions.
Project Methods
The above research questions will be addressed using appropriate combinations of quantitative and qualitative analyses.To illustrate, one of the research sub-projects under sustainable business theme aims to explore and analyze the role of social media in moderating and mediating the relationship between firm sustainability performance, and the firm financial performance and consequent stock market responses. The hypothesis is that social media will have significant influence on these linkages because outcomes of environmental/social responsibility are most often public goods or non-experiential credence goods that have socio-emotional appeal rather than direct effects on consumer's utility/Investor's own wealth. I plan to analyze effects of the volume of social media communications, the choice of the channel of communication, as well as the emotional content of social media communications on the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) efforts and firm financial and market performance. Statistical analyses will be tailored to the conceptualized hypotheses, meditating/moderating pathways, sampling limitations, etc. and will include: stock market event studies, generalized linear models, structural equation modeling using MIMIC techniques.In the area of BOP strategies, the goal is to assess economic, environmental and organizational performance of alternative BOP approaches in specific agri-food value chains. The initial approach will be qualitative syntheses of case studies of both successful and unsuccessful BOP initiatives. Econometric methods will be employed in evaluating socio-economic impacts of specific BOP initiatives. For example, a specific research project aims to assess the effectiveness of various value chain configurations for buffalo milk in Nepal and propose interventions. This analysis will be based on qualitative info drawn from interviews and field visits.. However, impact evaluation of proposed interventions will draw on rigorous experimental designs and quantitative data analyses.

Progress 10/01/19 to 09/30/20

Outputs
Target Audience:The results have been communicated through 1. Journal articles and working papers to academic, professional, and policy audiences; 2. Presentations to academic, professional and policy audiences; 3. Students through class room teaching Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?One undergraduate student participated in data collection, cleaning and basic analyses of the social media data. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The results have been communicated through 1. Journal articles and working papers to academic, professional, and policy audiences; 2. Presentations to academic, professional and policy audiences; 3. Students through class room teaching What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?The planned work over the next year will continue the research on social media effects on sustainability performance. The goal is to publish at least two manuscripts in top tier journals. Similarly, progress will be made toward ultimate publication of two manuscripts analyzing interdependence between innovation, employment and economic growth, and social media ratings of hospital performance, which are currently in different stages of submission/publication process. Depending on the success of the grant proposal, new research projects will be launched in the area of value added products from agricultural wastes. The findings from these projects will be disseminated through journal publications, newsletters, and presentations at professional and industry conferences.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? A current project under the sustainable business theme aims to analyze the role of social media in moderating and mediating the relationship between firm sustainability performance, and the firm financial performance and consequent stock market responses. A database containing information on firm specific, sustainability related social media posts was assembled with additional financial support from the Center for Business Analytics at MSU. We have classified the emotional content of these social media communications using lexicographic techniques into eight emotions (e.g. anger, disgust, joy and surprise), for a sample of 1,795 firm-year observations from 234 public firms in 5 industries for the 10-year period from 2008 to 2017. The results from statistical analyses suggest that firms are sensitive to emotional content of social media postings and differentially respond by trying to optimize the levels of CSR strengths and weaknesses. A manuscript presenting these findings was submitted for presentation at two conferences. Our submission to the "12th Annual Alliance for Research in Corporate Sustainability (ARCS) Research Conference" in Milan, Italy was accepted for presentation. Unfortunately the conference was cancelled due to Covid-19 concerns. We also submitted the manuscript to the Annual Research conference of the Academy of Management and to the Academy of Management Journal. Currently the manuscript is being revised for re-submission to another journal. Another research project analyzing the moderating effect of emotional content of social media information on stock market reactions to changes in composition of Dow Jones Sustainability Index is progressing. Another manuscript analyzing value drivers of acquisitions of previous alliance partners was accepted for presentation at the Annual Research conference of the Academy of Management and published in the Proceedings of AOM research conference. A manuscript has been submitted to Strategic Management Journal. Another manuscript analyzing the correlation between social media on-line hospital ratings (Google Star) and more comprehensive scientific hospital quality ratings provided by Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services, was submitted to the British Medical Journal- Open Quality and is being revised in response to review reports. Progress has been made in the other continuing project analyzing the differences in patenting rates between urban and rural areas, using a large county level database covering patenting rates as well as various drivers of innovation, such as R&D investments, industry structure, human and social capital, etc. A co-authored manuscript from this research was published the "Journal of Urban Affairs". One more manuscript from this research is in ready for submission. A Research project on processing food waste using bag in box brining technology, in collaboration with USDA-ARS Food Science Research Unit at NC State University and additional funding from Rakham Foundation was completed and final report submitted. A large grant proposal to USDA-NIFA program ($5 million) on value added and sustainable products from agricultural residues and wastes is being developed for re-submission.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Giri Raj Aryal, John Mann, Scott Loveridge, Satish Joshi (2020) Drivers of differences in inventiveness across urban and rural regions, Journal of Urban Affairs, 2020/2/15, pp 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/07352166.2020.1712151
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: S. Joshi, R Krishnan, D Mani, (2020), Pricing Your Outsourcing Contract in Uncertainty, Strategic Finance, 101 (11), 21-22
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: H Nguyen, R Krishnan, SV Joshi, (2020) Value Drivers from Prior Alliances with Targets in Mergers and Acquisitions, Academy of Management Proceedings 2020 (1), 13936


Progress 10/01/18 to 09/30/19

Outputs
Target Audience:Academics, policy makers, students through journal publications, presentations and class room discussions Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Two undergraduate students participated in data collection, cleaning and basic analyses of the social media data. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The results have been communicated through 1. Journal articles and working papers to academic, professional, and policy audiences; 2. Presentations to academic, professional and policy audiences; 3. Students through class room teaching What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?The planned work over the next year will continue the research on social media effects on sustainability performance. The goal is to complete and submit at least two manuscripts to journals and to see at least one published. Similarly, progress will be made toward ultimate publication of three other manuscripts analyzing rural-urban gaps in innovation, and social media ratings of hospital performance, which are currently in different stages of submission/publication process. Depending on the success of the grant proposals, new research projects will be launched. The findings from these projects will be disseminated through journal publications, newsletters, and presentations at professional and industry conferences.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? A current project under the sustainable business theme aims to analyze the role of social media in moderating and mediating the relationship between firm sustainability performance, and the firm financial performance and consequent stock market responses. A database containing information on firm specific, sustainability related social media posts has been assembled with additional financial support from the Center for Business Analytics at MSU. We have classified the emotional content of these social media communications using lexicographic techniques into eight emotions (e.g. anger, disgust, joy and surprise), for a sample of 1,795 firm-year observations from 234 public firms in 5 industries for the 10-year period from 2008 to 2017. The results from statistical analyses suggest that firms are sensitive to emotional content of social media postings and differentially respond by trying to optimize the levels of CSR strengths and weaknesses. A manuscript outlining these findings is ready for journal submission. Another research project analyzing the moderating effect of emotional content of social media information on stock market reactions to changes in composition of Dow Jones Sustainability Index is in data analysis stage. A third project analyzes the correlation between social media on-line hospital ratings (Google Star) and more comprehensive scientific hospital quality ratings provided by Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services, with a goal to assess if on-line ratings lead to biased choices by consumers. A co-authored manuscript from this research has been submitted to the British Medical Journal- Quality & Safety. Another co-authored article analyzing the evolution of corporate sustainability management systems in western counties and China was prepared and published in the journal China Management Accounting Review. Another continuing project analyzes the rural-urban divide in innovation, as reflected in the differences patenting rates. A large county level database covering patenting rates as well as various drivers of innovation, such as R&D investments, industry structure, human and social capital, etc. has been assembled and analyzed. A co-authored manuscript from this research was submitted to the "Journal of Urban Affairs" and it has gone through three rounds of revisions. One more manuscript from this research is in progress. A Research project on processing food waste (both on farm rejects, and supermarket unsold produce) using bag in box brining technology, is continuing in collaboration with USDA-ARS Food Science Research Unit at NC State University. A potential patent application from this research in undergoing evaluation. Participated in preparing and submitting two large grant proposals one to USAID ($80 Million) and another to USDA ($5 million) to procure additional funds for the research in the areas of international development and integrated health programs (USAID), and value added and sustainable products from agricultural residues and wastes (USDA).

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Satish Joshi, Hema Krishnan & Ranjani Krishnan, (2018). Evolution of sustainability management systems in China. China Management Accounting Review V6(4) pp1104-115.(Invited article-translated to Chinese)


Progress 08/01/18 to 09/30/18

Outputs
Target Audience: Nothing Reported Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Nothing Reported How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Nothing Reported What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?The planned work over the next year focuses on analyzing social media effects on sustinability performance.A large data set of social media data from Infegy has been accessed. Similarly another data set from Tucost on sustianability performance of over 6000 firms has been accessed and downlaoded. Financial performance data from Wharton Research database will be accessed. Statistical analyses of the relationship between corporate environmental./CSR perforamce and firm financial performance and the mediating effects of social media on this relationship will be carried out. Work will continue onan ongoingresearch project analyzing rural urban gaps in innovation rates. Two articles from this research will be finalized and submitted to journals. A third project analyzing socio-economic impacts of gene-editing technologies on animal agriculture will be planned and work initiated. Initial scopingof a project in Nepal looking at BOP approaches to dairy development will be carried out.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? This project was initiated just two months back. As a result,most of the work specific to this project is still in planning stages. However some of the work fromprevious project is contnuuing,mainly in the form of revising and resubmitting articles in progress.

Publications