Source: NORTH CAROLINA A&T STATE UNIV submitted to NRP
A NUTRIMETABOLOMICS APPROACH TO IDENTIFY THE BIOMARKERS OF WHOLE GRAIN INTAKE
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
AFRI COMPETITIVE GRANT
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1016169
Grant No.
2018-67001-28265
Cumulative Award Amt.
$2,816,467.00
Proposal No.
2018-03084
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Jul 1, 2018
Project End Date
Jun 30, 2024
Grant Year
2018
Program Code
[A1342]- Food Specific Molecular Profiles and Biomarkers of Food and Nutrient Intake, and Dietary Exposure
Recipient Organization
NORTH CAROLINA A&T STATE UNIV
1601 EAST MARKET STREET
GREENSBORO,NC 27411
Performing Department
(N/A)
Non Technical Summary
There is growing evidence that whole grain (WG) intake plays an important role in chronic disease prevention. However, numerous human studies have failed to support clear-cut conclusions on the topic, due to individual metabolic variation and a lack of accurate tools to assess dietary intake and internal dosage. To better understand the effects of diet on health maintenance and on the risk of chronic disease, biomarkers for their exposure and effects are needed. The molecular signatures of WG intake remain undefined. The major dietary cereals - wheat, rye, and oat - contain different unique phytochemicals. 5-n-Alkylresorcinols (ARs) are present in high amounts in WG wheat and rye, but are absent from WG oats. ARs and their metabolites have been reported as exposure biomarkers for the intake of WG wheat and rye. In contrast, avenanthramides (AVAs) and oat saponins (avenacosides A and B) are phytochemicals unique to WG oats. Our hypothesis is bioactive WG phytochemicals, and their metabolites, can serve as the biomarkers of WG intake, reflect inter-individual differences, and affect endogenous metabolome. We recently found that the combination of targeted and non-targeted metabolomics approaches can effectively identify biomarkers of WG wheat intake. To test our hypothesis, we will use a targeted metabolomics approach to identify the exposure biomarkers of WG wheat and oat after an acute intake in a pharmacokinetic study in Aim 1. In Aim 2, we will conduct a chronic dose-response human feeding study to validate the exposure biomarkers identified in Aim 1, identify the changes of the endogenous metabolites using non-targeted metabolomics approaches, determine whether obesity, age, and gender are moderators that affect the metabolic response to WG, and investigate the impact of gut microbiota on the metabolism of WG phytochemicals. At the completion of these studies, our expectation is that we will have identified WG phytochemicals and their metabolites as the exposure markers to reflect WG wheat or oat intake, and the endogenous metabolites as the biomarkers of WG wheat or oat intake for their beneficial health effects. Our findings will establish the basis for future mechanistic studies of the role of WGs in health, and provide novel insight into reliable specific biological indicators for WG intake and eventually lead to future individualized nutrition. This knowledge could be utilized to improve how to assess the impact of WG on health.
Animal Health Component
(N/A)
Research Effort Categories
Basic
100%
Applied
(N/A)
Developmental
(N/A)
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
7021549101050%
7021560101050%
Knowledge Area
702 - Requirements and Function of Nutrients and Other Food Components;

Subject Of Investigation
1549 - Wheat, general/other; 1560 - Oats;

Field Of Science
1010 - Nutrition and metabolism;
Goals / Objectives
The major goals of thi sproject are:our specific aims are:1. Identify the exposure biomarkers of WG wheat and oat after an acute intake in a pharmacokinetic study.2. Validate the biomarkers of WG wheat and oat after daily intake in a chronic dose-response study. In this aim, we willvalidate the exposure biomarkers (phytochemicals in WGs) identified in Aim 1 use our established LC/MS methods;identify the changes of the endogenous metabolites using non-targeted metabolomics approaches;evaluate whether obesity, age, and gender are moderators that affect the metabolic response to WG;investigate the impact of gut microbiota on the metabolism of WG phytochemicals, especially the formation of DH-AVAs.
Project Methods
Aim 1: Identify the exposure biomarkers of WG wheat and oat after an acute intake in a pharmacokinetic study. We will conduct a randomized crossover acute human feeding study of whole grain (WG) wheat and oat to collect blood and urine samples at different time points for a pharmacokinetic study of biomarkers. We will develop LCMS methods and use a targeted metabolomics approach to identify the exposure markers of WG wheat and oat intake and further develop analytical methods to study their pharmacokineticsAim 2: Validate the biomarkers of WG wheat and oat after daily intake in a chronic dose-response study. We will conduct a randomized crossover human feeding study. Both male and female subjects with various BMIs and ages will be included. Three different doses (0, 2, and 4 servings) of WG wheat or WG oat foods will be given to participants. Each subject will participate in 5 treatment phases. Each treatment phase will be two weeks in length with a one-week washout period. During each phase, plasma, urine, and fecal samples will be collected at 0, 1 and 2 weeks. In this aim, we willvalidate the exposure biomarkers (phytochemicals in WGs) identified in Aim 1 use our established LC/MS methods;identify the changes of the endogenous metabolites using non-targeted metabolomics approaches;evaluate whether obesity, age, and gender are moderators that affect the metabolic response to WG;investigate the impact of gut microbiota on the metabolism of WG phytochemicals, especially the formation of DH-AVAs.

Progress 07/01/18 to 06/30/24

Outputs
Target Audience:The target audiences of this research are members of the scientific community who have interests in the area of whole grain research for human health; also the food industries who may be looking to develop value-added functional foods, especially whole grains to prevent chronic diseases. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?We trained postdocs, research associate, and research technician to study the biomarkers of WG wheat and oat intake using targeted and untargeted metabolomic approaches. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?We disseminated our results through publication and presentations at regional, national, and international scientific meetings. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Aim 1 1. We analzyed the pharmacokinetics of the major wheat phytochemicals and their metabolites 2. We analzyed the pharmacokinetics of the major wheat phytochemicals and their metabolites 3. We analzyed the pharmacokinetics of more than 15 betain derivatives as the general biomarkers for whole grain wheat and oat intake 4. We built our in-house WG library Aim 2 1. We validated the major WG wheat and oat biomarkers in the samples collected from the 2-week dose-response study 2. We finished the untargeted metabolomic analysis of both plasma and urine samples from the2-week dose-response study and identified the changes of WG related endogenous metabolites. 3. We are analyzing the impact of body weight, age, and gender on the changes of both endogenous and WG biomarkers 4. We analyzed the microbiome changes after the 2-week treatment of WG wheat and oat. Several manuscripts are in the pipeline and will be submitted this year and early next year.

Publications

  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Sang, S. The impact of gut microbiota on oat avenanthramide metabotype. The 3rd ICC Asia-Pacific Grain Conference, Zhengzhou, China, November 8-10, 2023 (Virtual).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Sang, S. Metabolomics as a powerful tool for food and agricultural research at 1890 institutions. The 2024 Association of 1890 Research Directors (ARD) Biennial Research Symposium, Nashville, TN, April 4-10, 2024.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Sang, S. Hu, C.; Tang, Y.; Novotny, J.A.; Baer, D. Avenanthramides and their microbial metabolites as the novel biomarkers of whole oat intake. Curr. Dev. Nutr. 7, 2024.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Dong, W.; Zhang, S.; Lee, P.; Sang, S. Impact of probiotics and prebiotics on the function and abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii 268th ACS National Meeting, Denver, CO, August 18-22, 2024.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Li, Y.; Sang, S. Can betainized metabolites be the biomarkers of whole grain intake? 268th ACS National Meeting, Denver, CO, August 18-22, 2024.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2024 Citation: Sang, S. Whole grain bioactives for optimizing human health International Conference on Advances in the Health Benefits of Agri-Foods, Winnipeg, Canada, October 2-4, 2024.


Progress 07/01/22 to 06/30/23

Outputs
Target Audience:The target audiences of this research are members of the scientific community who have interests in the area of whole grainresearch for human health; also the food industries who may be looking to develop value-added functional foods, especiallywhole grains to prevent chronic diseases. Changes/Problems:Our NCE was approved. The new ending date is 06/30/2024. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?We trained postdocs and research associate to study the biomarkers of WG wheat and oat intake using targeted anduntargeted metabolomic approaches. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?We disseminated our results through publication and presentations at regional, national, and international scientific meetings. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?1. Publish at least 5 more manuscripts 2. Validate the in-house WG library 3. Create a panel of WG phytochemicals and metabolites as WG biomarkers

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? For Aim 1: We finished the analysis of wheat and oat phytochemicals and their metabolites in human plasmain Aim 1 and are finalyzing the following manuscripts. a.The pharmacokinetics of avenanthramides and their microbial metabolites DH-AVAs in human plasma b.The pharmacokinetics of steroidal saponins and their microbial metabolites DH-AVAs in human plasma c.The pharmacokinetics of the major wheat phytochemicals and their metabolites in human plasma For Aim 2: 1. Untargeted metabolomic analysis a.Then we conducted a full metabolomic analysis of the plasma samples collected from the daily feeding study using our established LC/MS methods (C18 positive, C18 negative, and Hillic) and our metabolomic platform. Over 1000 metabolites were identified based on our in-house library and online database. Our biostatistician Dr. Wei Sha conducted statistical analysis of the known metabolites as well as the corresponding pathway analysis of these metabolites. We found WG oat intake made a greater impact than WG wheat intake on the endogenous metabolon. b.We now processed both known and unknown metabolites (over 10,000 mass features) and sent them to Dr. Sha for further statistical and pathway analysis. The including of unknown metabolites can provide a more solid finding on pathway analysis. c.We also finished a metabolomic analysis of the urine samples collected from the daily feeding study using our established LC/MS methods. Once Dr. Sha finished the analysis of plasma samples, we will transfer the urine data to her. 2.Investigate the impact of microbiota on biomarkers of WG wheat and oat intake. We did the 16S sequencing of the stool samples collected from the daily feeding study.Our collaborator Dr. Fodor's lab analyzed the 16S data, but did not find significant changes of the microbiome, suggesting two-week treatment is not long enough tosignificantly impact the microbiome. His lab is waiting from Dr. Sha's lab to give him the metabolomic data. Then his lab can determine whether there are correlations between the changes of certain metabolites with those of the gut microbes.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Djorgbenoo, R.; Hu, J.; Hu, C.; Sang, S. Fermented oats as a novel functional food. Nutrients 2023, 15, 3521
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Wang, W.; Zhu, Y.; Sang, S. Barley phenolamides effectively scavenge harmful methylglyoxal in vitro and in mice. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2023, 67, e2200709.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Sang, S. The impact of gut microbiota on avenanthramide metabotype from whole grain oat intake. 266th ACS National Meeting, San Francisco, CA, August 13-17, 2023
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Sang, S. Metabolomics in combination with in-house food library as a tool to study food-based biomarkers. The 9th Annual Omics Symposium (2023): Advances, applications, and translation in nutrition and epidemiology. Harvard University, Boston, MA, June 8-9, 2023.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Sang, S. Let the farm be the pharmacy: functional foods for chronic disease prevention 264th ACS National Meeting, Chicago, IL, August 21-25, 2022.


Progress 07/01/21 to 06/30/22

Outputs
Target Audience:The target audiences of this research are members of the scientific community who have interests in the area of wholegrain research for human health; also the food industries who may be looking to develop value-added functional foods,especially whole grains to prevent chronic diseases. Changes/Problems:Due to Covid-19 pandemic, this project is delayed and will require one year No-Cost-Extension after Year 5Report. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?We trained postdocs and research associate to study the biomarkersof WG wheat and oat intake using targeted and untargeted metabolomic approaches. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?We disseminated our results through publication and presentations at regional, national, and internationalscientific meetings. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?1. We will submittwo manuscripts out of results from Aim 1. 2. We will continute to interpretate our metabolomic data from the analysis of plasma and stool samples collected from the chronic feeding studies. 3. We will finish the validation of the biomarkers identified in Aim 1 using samplesollected from the chronic feeding studies.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Aim 1.Identify the exposure biomarkers of WG wheat and oat after an acute intake in a pharmacokinetic study. We have complete this aim and are organizing our data for multiple manuscripts. Aim 2.Validate the biomarkers of WG wheat and oat after daily intake in a chronic dose-response study. 1. We are developing targeted metabolomic method to validate the biomarkers identified in Aim 1 and are building our in-hourse library for WG wheat and oat intake. 2. We just finished the metabolomic analysis of the plasma samples and are interpretating the data to identify the changes of important endogenous metabolites. 3. We did the 16S sequencsing of the stool samples collected from this the chronic feeding study and are planning to conduct the fecal metabolomic analysis.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Wang, W.; Sang, S. Biotransformation of barley phenolamide by mice and the human gut microbiota and quantitative analysis of the major metabolites in mice. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2022, 66, e2200134.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Hu, C.; Tang, Y.; Snooks, H.D.; Sang, S. Novel steroidal saponins in oat identified by molecular networking analysis and their levels in commercial oat products. J Agric Food Chem 2021, 69, 7084-7092.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Sang, S. The application of metabolomics to study food biomarkers 262nd ACS National Meeting, Atlanta, GA, August 22-26, 2021.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Sang, S. The impact of gut microbiota on avenanthramide metabotype from whole grain oat intake 262nd ACS National Meeting, Atlanta, GA, August 22-26, 2021.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Sang, S. Dietary biomarkers for precision nutrition. Xenobiotic Metabolism, Carcinogenesis and Disease Prevention: In Celebration of Professor Chung S. Yang's 50-Year Contribution to Education and Research, Piscataway, NJ, June 10, 2022.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Wang, P.; Zhang, S.; Yerke, A.; Ohland, C.L.; Gharaibeh, R.Z.; Fouladi, F.; Fodor, A.A.; Jobin, C.; Sang, S. Avenanthramide Metabotype from Whole Grain Oat Intake is Influenced by Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in Healthy Adults. North Carolina Research Campus 10th Annual Catalyst Symposium, Kannapolis, NC, March 18, 2022.


Progress 07/01/20 to 06/30/21

Outputs
Target Audience:The target audience of this research are members of the scientific community who have interests in the area of whole grain research for human health; also the food industries who may be looking to develop value-added functional foods, especially whole grains to prevent chronic diseases. Changes/Problems:Due to Covid-19 pandemic, this project is delayed and will require one year No-Cost-Extension after Year 5. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?We trained postdocs and research associate to study the chemical profile and metabolic profiles of WG wheat and oat bioactives. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?We disseminated our results through publication and scientific presentation. 1. Published threepeer-reviewed articles. 2. Presented our research at the food biomarker meeting organized by Harvard Unviersity.. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?1. We will continue to study the metabolic profiles of phytochemicals in WG wheat and oat. 2. We will develop LCMS method to quantify the concentrations of the major phytochemicals in WG wheat and oat and their metabolites in the human samples collected from the daily feeding studies. 3. We will develop targeted and untargeted metabolomic methods to study the biomarkers of WG wheat and oat intake.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? For Aim 1 1.We further studied chemical composition of oat by purifying,identifying, and quantifyingnew steroidal saponins in oat samples.This work has been accepted for publication by JAFC. 2.We studied the metabotype of oat avenanthramides and identify the microbe that is responsible to metabolize avenanthramides to their double reduced metabolites, which was published in JN. 3.We analyzed the oat avenanthramides and their microbial metabolites in human plasma and urine samples collected from the PK study. We are working with our collaborators at USDA, Drs. Novotny and Baer, to write the manuscript. 4.We analyzed the major wheat phytochemical and their metabolites in human urine samples collected from the PK study. For Aim 2 We developed the novel LC/MS based method to study the biomarkers of whole grain wheat, oat, as well as other foods, which was published in MNFR. We conducted initial metabolomic analysis of urine samples collected from Phase I visit and obtained promising results. Our biostatistician Dr. Wei Sha helped us analyzed the initial metabolomic results. We are further developing our metabolomic platform to analyze all the plasma and urine samples from the daily grain study. We submitted the fecal samples collected from the daily grain study for 16S rRNA sequencing. Our collaborator Dr. Fodor's lab is analyzing the sequencing data now.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2021 Citation: Hu, C.; Tang, Y.; Snooks, H.D.; Sang, S. Novel steroidal saponins in oat identified by molecular networking analysis and their levels in commercial oat products. J Agric Food Chem 2021
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Wang, P.; Zhang, S.; Yerke, A.; Ohland, C.L.; Gharaibeh, R.Z.; Fouladi, F.; Fodor, A.A.; Jobin, C.; Sang, S. Avenanthramide Metabotype from Whole Grain Oat Intake is Influenced by Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in Healthy Adults. J Nutr 2021 (In press, nxa006)
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Yao, T.; Zhu, Y.; Sang, S. A novel LC-MS based targeted metabolomic approach to study the biomarkers of food intake. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2020, 64, 2000615.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: 2. Sang, S. Critical roles of phytochemicals in food biomarker research Dietary Biomarker Symposium: Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions in Food Biomarker Research. (A virtual symposium organized by The Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University). November 16, 2020. (Oral presentation, Invited speaker)


Progress 07/01/19 to 06/30/20

Outputs
Target Audience:The target audience of this research are members of the scientific community who have interests in the area of whole grainresearch for human health; also the food industries who may be looking to develop value-added functional foods, especiallywhole grains to prevent chronic diseases. I assisted Ms. Reber Markus,the science writerfor Swiss technology companyBühler Group., write a story about whole grain oat and human health. We gave the following presentations on results from this project at scientific annual meetings. 1. Hu, C.; Tang, Y.;Sang, S."" 258thACS National Meeting, San Diego, CA, August 25-29,2019. (Oral presentation) 2. Zhu, Y.; Wang, P.; Zhang, S.; Tang, Y.;Sang, S. "Phytochemicals and their metabolites as the exposure biomarkers of whole grain intake" 67thASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics, Atlanta, GA, June 2-6,2019(Poster presentation). Changes/Problems:Due to Covid-19, some of the participants did not finish the chronic studies and we did not budget to include new participants. This may affect the power of our future analysis. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?We trained postdocs and research associate to study the chemical profile and metabolic profiles of WG wheat and oat bioactives. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?We disseminated our results through publication and scientific presentation. 1. Published five peer-reviewed articles, fourof themin Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry (JAFC) and one in NutritionReviews. In addition, we submitted a new manuscript to The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2. Presented our research at two scientific meetings. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?1. We will continute to establish the chemical profiles of WG wheat and oat and further study the metabolic profiles ofphytochemicals in WG wheat and oat. 2. We will develop LCMS method to quantify the concentrations of the major phytochemicals in WG wheat and oat and theirmetabolites in the human samples collected from the acute feeding studies. 3. We will develop targeted and untargeted metabolomic methods to study the biomarkers of WG wheat and oat intake.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? We mainly worked on first aim of this project by doing the following research. 1. We purified the major avenanthramides with two double bonds in oats especially sprouted oats and quantified their levels in differnt commercial oat products. This work has been published in Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry this year. 2. We purified the major triterpenoid saponins in oats, elucidated their structures based on NMR and LCMS analysis, and quantified their levels in commerical oat products.This work has been published in Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry this year. 3. We studied the additive and synergistic effects of alkylresorcinols in whole grain (WG) wheat and butyrate, the microbialderivedmetabolite of whole grain fiber against colon cancer.This work has been published in Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry this year. 4. We further studied the microbial-derived metabolites of oat avenanthramides (AVAs) in humans and the pharmacokinetics ofavenanthramides and their microbial-derived metabolites, and identified the microbiota that is responsible for the metabolism of AVAs. 5. We finished the acute feeding studies of WG wheat and oat. Blood, urine and fecal sample collections were collected. 6. We also finished the chronic feeding studies of WG wheat and oat.Blood, urine and fecal sample collections were collected. Unfortunately, due to Covid-19, some of the participants did not finish the entire study.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Under Review Year Published: 2020 Citation: Wang, P.; Zhang, S.; Yerke, A.;Ohland, C.L.; Gharaibeh, R.Z.; Fouladi, F.; Fodor, A.A.; Jobin, C.; Sang, S. Avenanthramide Metabotype from Whole Grain Oat Intake is Influenced by Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2020 (Under review)
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Hu, C.; Tang, Y.; Sang, S. Quantitative analysis, bioactive evaluation, and biotransformation of oat avenanthramides with two double bonds 258th ACS National Meeting, San Diego, CA, August 25-29, 2019.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Zhu, Y.; Wang, P.; Zhang, S.; Tang, Y.; Sang, S. Phytochemicals and their metabolites as the exposure biomarkers of whole grain intake 67th ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics, Atlanta, GA, June 2-6, 2019 (Poster presentation).
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Zhao, Y.; Shi, L.; Hu, C.; Sang, S. Wheat bran for colon cancer prevention: The synergy between phytochemical alkylresorcinol C21 and intestinal microbial metabolite butyrate. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2019, 67, 12761-12769.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Hu, C.; Tang, Y.; Zhao, Y.; Sang, S. Quantitative Analysis and Anti-inflammatory Activity Evaluation of the A-Type Avenanthramides in Commercial Sprouted Oat Products. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2020 (In press).
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2020 Citation: Sang, S.; Idehen, E.; Zhao, Y.; Chu, Y. Emerging Science on Whole Grain Intake and Inflammation. Nutr Rev. 2020 (Accepted).
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Hu, C.; Sang, S. Triterpenoid Saponins in Oat Bran and Their Levels in Commercial Oat Products. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2020, 68, 6381-6389.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Wang, W.; Snooks, H.D.; Sang, S. The Chemistry and Health Benefits of Dietary Phenolamides. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2020, 68, 6248-6267.


Progress 07/01/18 to 06/30/19

Outputs
Target Audience:The target audience of this research are members of the scientific community who have interests in the area of whole grain research for human health; also the food industries who may be looking to develop value-added functional foods, especially whole grains to prevent chronic diseases. Changes/Problems:We did not experience any problems and do not expect to make any changes of the original aims. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?1. We trained postdocs and research associate to study the chemical profile and metabolic profiles of WG bioactives 2. The PI, Dr. Sang attended one metabolomics workshop at the American Society of Mass Spectrometry (ASMS) annual conference. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?We disseminated our results through publication and scientific presentation. 1. Published one article in Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry (JAFC) and submitted another article to Nutrition Reviews. 2. Presented our research at the American Society of Mass Spectrometry (ASMS) annual conference. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?1. We will continute to establish the chemical profiles of WG wheat and oat and further study the metabolic profiles of phytochemicals in WG wheat and oat. 2. We will develop LCMS method to quantify the concentrations of the major phytochemicals in WG wheat and oat and their metabolites in the human samples collected from the acute feeding studies. 3. We will start the chronic human feeding studies.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? We mainly worked onfirst aimof this project by doing the following research. 1. We were purifying the major avenanthramides with two double bonds in oats especially sprouted oats, which should be done in this August. 2. We studied the additive and synergistic effects of alkylresorcinols in whole grain (WG)wheat and butyrate, the microbial-derived metabolite of whole grain fiber against colon cancer. 3. We studied the microbial-derived metabolites of oat avenanthramides in humans and the pharmacokinetics of avenanthramides and their microbial-derived metabolites. 4. We started the acute feeding studies of WG wheat and oat. Blood, urine and fecal sample collections from human subjectsshould be done in one month.

Publications

  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2019 Citation: Zhu, Y.; Wang, P.; Zhang, S.; Tang, Y.; Sang, S. Phytochemicals and their metabolites as the exposure biomarkers of whole grain intake 67th ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics, Atlanta, GA, June 2-6, 2019.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Sang, S. Biomarkers of whole grain intake. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2018, 66, 10347-10352.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Under Review Year Published: 2019 Citation: Sang, S.; Idehen, E.; Zhao, Y.; Chu, Y. Emerging Science on Whole Grain Intake and Inflammation. Nutr Rev. 2019 (Under review)
  • Type: Book Chapters Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Tang, Y.; Yerke, A.; Sang, S. Oats in Whole grains and their bioactives: composition and health, 2019, Chapter 3. 45-61 (Editors: Jodee Johnson and Taylor C. Wallace; John Wiley & Sons, Ltd).