Progress 07/01/18 to 06/30/23
Outputs
Target Audience:Commercial fruit and vegetable producers, crop consultants, USU extension educators, Utah Department of Agriculture and Food inspectors, Natural Resource Conservation Service providers, Master Gardeners, home gardeners, garden industry professionals, plant entomology graduate students, and other researchers interested in brown marmorated stink bug ecology and management. Changes/Problems:None What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Three graduate students (2 MS, 1 PhD) were trained as a part of this UAES project. All students participated in regional and national conferences, and shared project results with Utah fruit and vegetable producers. Interaction with stakeholders concerned about invasive insects provided excellent professional development opportunities for the PI, faculty collaborator and graduate students. More than 20 undergraduate students participated in research and outreach education events. Participants in Project: PI: Dr. Diane Alston, Professor Collaborator: Dr. Lori Spears, Biology Professional Practice Associate Professor Three graduate students: Kate Richardson, MS (2023): USU Extension Insect Diagnostician Zach Schumm, MS (2021): Iowa State University Extension Insect Diagnostician Mark Cody Holthouse, PhD (2020): Oregon Department of Agriculture Invasive Pest Specialist How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Completion of 10 peer-reviewed research publications; publications occur in national and international journals, and have produced broad impacts of this project on fellow researchers studying H. halys biology and management, including biological control. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Project is completed.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
All project objectives were completed. A total of 10 peer-refereed journal publications have been generated from this project (one article is pending acceptance), 4 Extension fact sheets, 4 newsletter articles, and more than 20 outreach and research presentations. The UAES project helped leverage more than $200,000 in extramural grant funds, and ~$40,000 in internal research awards (in addition to the UAES project funds), including an undergraduate student URCO research project. Obj. 1. Determine preferred plant hosts of H. halys. A research manuscript entitled 'Urban host plant utilization by the invasive H. halys in northern Utah' was published in the journal NeoBiota in 2021. The updated and current host plant list for Utah is published on the USU Extension website: https://utahpests.usu.edu/caps/bmsb-host-plants. Obj. 2. Determine the type and severity of tree fruit and vegetable crop injury from BMSB. As tart cherry is an economically important crop in Utah and its susceptibility to BMSB has not been broadly studied, we focused on this tree fruit crop for our crop injury research. A peer-reviewed research paper was published in Journal of Economic Entomology in 2020 on the impact of H. halys on tart cherry fruit injury. Tart cherry is highly susceptible to BMSB prior to the pit-hardening stage of fruit development. Early-season stink bug feeding on tart cherry fruits caused a high level of fruit abscission (drop from the tree). Obj. 3. Determine efficiency of traps and lures for BMSB across seasonal and phenological timings. A research manuscript entitled 'Behavior of H. halys in the Utah agricultural landscape based on trap captures and visual observations' was published in the journal Proceedings of the Washington Entomological Society in 2021. Data from Utah H. halys trapping and phenology studies was contributed to a national-level collaborative publication released in Pest Management Science in 2022: Evaluating invasion risk and population dynamics of the brown marmorated stink bug across the contiguous USA. Obj. 4. Determine the impact of native and introduced beneficial predators and parasitoids on H. halys. Five peer-reviewed research articles on this topic were published, one in Biodiversity Data Journalon surveys for egg parasitoids of H. halys and one in Science Matters Select on non-sib guarding behavior observed in Trissolcus euschisti in 2020, one on comparison of yellow and blue sticky cards for monitoring native and invasive parasitoids of H. halys published in Journal of Insect Science in 2021, one on adventive populations of Trissolcus japonicus discovered in southwestern Idaho in Journal of Integrated Pest Managementpublished in 2022, and one on efficacy of stink bug kairomones in attracting T. japonicus published in Insects in 2023. One more paper on H. halys natural enemies has been submitted to Environmental Entomology in April 2023: Richardson, K. V., M. C. Holthouse, D. G. Alston, and L. R. Spears. (accepted with revision). Landscape effects on native and exotic Trissolcus spp. (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) in northern Utah. Environmental Entomology. Obj. 5. Conduct educational outreach to fruit and vegetable producers, crop consultants, educators, and community and home gardener audiences. The PI and project personnel (graduate students and extension educator) all contributed to more than 28 outreach education presentations and products developed and delivered during 2018-23.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Richardson, K., Alston, D. G., & Spears, L. (2023, February 28). Adventive population of Trissolcus japonicus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), parasitoid of Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), discovered in southwestern Idaho. Journal of Integrated Pest Management, 14(1), 1-4.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Richardson, K., Holthouse, M. C., Alston, D. G., & Spears, L. (in press). Landscape effects on native and exotic Trissolcus spp. (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) in northern Utah. To appear in Environmental Entomology.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Richardson, K. V., Alston, D. G., & Spears, L. (2023, January 25). Efficacy of kairomone lures to attract parasitoids of Halyomorpha halys. Insects, 14(2), 125.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Scalici, M., McCabe, L., Alston, D. G., Peterson, S., Yost, M., & Pitts-Singer, T. (2023, June 18). Blue orchard bee (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) origin and orchard growing region affect female retention at artificial nest sites in cherry orchards. Environmental Entomology.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Scalici, M., McCabe, L., Alston, D. G., & Pitts-Singer, T. (2023, May 05). Effects of geographic origin and temperature on survival, development, and emergence of the managed pollinator, Osmia lignaria. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 11.
|
Progress 10/01/21 to 09/30/22
Outputs
Target Audience:Commercial fruit and vegetable producers, crop consultants, USU extension educators, Utah Department of Agriculture and Food inspectors, Natural Resource Conservation Service providers, Master Gardeners, home gardeners, garden industry professionals, plant entomology graduate students, and other researchers interested in brown marmorated stink bug ecology and management. Changes/Problems:None What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?One graduate student participated in a national conference, and a producer conference. Interaction with stakeholders concerned about invasive insects provided an excellent professional development opportunity for the PI and graduate student. Four undergraduate students participated in research and outreach education events. Participants in Project: PI: Dr. Diane Alston Co-investigator: Dr. Lori Spears One graduate student trained during 2021-22: Kate Richardson, MS (August 2020 - present) Undergraduate students trained during 2021-22: Keegan Cunningham Zachary Ross Kai Gunderson Stephanie Hall How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Completion of 6 peer-reviewed research publications in 2019-2021 with 3 more articles in preparation to be submitted in 2022-23; publications occur in national and international journals, and have produced broad impacts of this project on fellow researchers studying H. halys biology and management, including biological control. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Objectives 1-3 are completed and the results published in a total of six peer-reviewed research papers, multiple extension publications, and the full host plant list is available on the Utah State University Extension Cooperative Agricultural Pest Survey website. Three more research papers are in preparation with anticipated publication in 2023. Completion of publications and research/outreach education activities will continue to address Objectives 4 and 5 in 2022-23.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Obj. 1. Determine preferred plant hosts of H. halys. Primary host plant surveys were completed in 2018 with new hosts added as observed during ongoing research. A research manuscript entitled 'Urban host plant utilization by the invasive H. halys in northern Utah' was published in the journal NeoBiota in 2021. The updated and current host plant list for Utah is published on the USU Extension website: https://utahpests.usu.edu/caps/bmsb-host-plants. This objective is completed. Obj. 2. Determine the type and severity of tree fruit and vegetable crop injury from BMSB. A peer-reviewed research paper was published in Journal of Economic Entomology in 2020 on the impact of H. halys on tart cherry fruit injury. This objective is completed. Obj. 3. Determine efficiency of traps and lures for BMSB across seasonal and phenological timings. A research manuscript entitled 'Behavior of H. halys in the Utah agricultural landscape based on trap captures and visual observations' was published in the journal Proceedings of the Washington Entomological Society in 2021. Data from Utah H. halys trapping and phenology studies was contributed to a national-level collaborative publication released in Pest Management Science in 2022: Evaluating invasion risk and population dynamics of the brown marmorated stink bug across the contiguous USA. This objective is completed. Obj. 4. Determine the impact of native and introduced beneficial predators and parasitoids on H. halys. Three peer-reviewed research articles on this topic were published, one in Biodiversity Data Journalon surveys for egg parasitoids of H. halys and one in Science Matters Select on non-sib guarding behavior observed in Trissolcus euschisti in 2020, and one on comparison of yellow and blue sticky cards for monitoring native and invasive parasitoids of H. halys published in Journal of Insect Science in 2021. Two new publications on this objective are in preparation with expectation for publication in 2023: 1. Richardson, K. V., D. G. Alston, and L. R. Spears. (in preparation). Adventive population of Trissolcus japonicus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), parasitoid of Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), discovered in southwestern Idaho. Journal of Integrated Pest Management. 2. Richardson, K. V., M. C. Holthouse, D. G. Alston, and L. R. Spears. (in preparation). Landscape effects on native and exotic Trissolcus spp. (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) in northern Utah. Environmental Entomology. A third manuscript is in early stages of preparation that will report on studies evaluating the attractiveness of T. japonicus to kairomone compounds (with varying ratios and release rates) of H. halys. Research studies were conducted in a meso-cosm arena and in the field. This manuscript is anticipated to be submitted to a target research journal by Dec 2022 with publication in 2023. Presentations on this research objective since last year's annual report were delivered to: 1. Utah State Horticultural Association Convention, Jan 20-21, 2022, Spanish Fork, UT: Brown marmorated stink bug biocontrol (75 contacts). 2. Entomological Society of America Annual Meeting, Oct 31-Nov 3, 2021, Denver, CO: Strategies for the conservation and enhancement of Trissolcus japonicus (Ashmead), a parasitoid of the invasive Halyomorpha halys (45 contacts). 3. Utah Public Radio Green Thumb Show, Oct 27, 2021, Logan, UT: Invasive insects in Utah (14,000 listeners). Obj. 5. Conduct educational outreach to fruit and vegetable producers, crop consultants, educators, and community and home gardener audiences. The PI and project personnel (graduate students and extension educator) all contributed to outreach education presentations and products developed and delivered during 2021-22. Publications:3 research papers in preparation, with anticipated publication in 2023. Presentations:1 research and 2 outreach with total contacts of 120 and 14,000 radio show listeners.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Illan, J. G., Walgenbach, J. F., Alston, D. G., Spears, L., & Crowder, D. W. (2022, August 03). Evaluating invasion risk and population dynamics of the brown marmorated stink bug across the conterminous USA. Pest Management Science.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Presentations
Williams, M.-K. (Presenter & Author), Cox-Foster, D. (Author Only), Alston, D. G. (Author Only), Joint Annual Meeting of the Entomological Society of America, Entomological Society of Canada, and Entomological Society of British Columbia, "Impacts of microsporidia on development, survivorship, and immune responses in the blue orchard bee (Osmia lignaria Say, Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)," ESA, ESC, and ESBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada. (November 13, 2022 - November 16, 2022)
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Presentations
Rideout, E. (Presenter & Author), Bentz, B. (Author Only), Alston, D. G. (Author Only), Joint Annual Meeting of the Entomological Society of America, Entomological Society of Canada, and Entomological Society of British Columbia, "Phenology of the invasive Adelges piceae in northern Utah," ESA, ESC, ESBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada. (November 13, 2022 - November 16, 2022)
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Presentations
Richardson, K. (Presenter & Author), Alston, D. G. (Author Only), Spears, L. (Author Only), Joint Annual Meeting of the Entomological Society of America, Entomological Society of Canada, and Entomological Society of British Columbia, "Range expansion of Trissolcus japonicus (Ashmead) in Utah and effects of floral resources on its prevalence," ESA, ESC, and ESBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada. (November 13, 2022 - November 16, 2022)
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Presentations
Alston, D. G. (Presenter & Author), USU Extension Pre-Conference Workshop, "Tree and Shrub Insect Pests," USU Extension, Lehi, UT. (March 2, 2022 - March 4, 2022)
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Presentations
Richardson, K. (Presenter & Author), Alston, D. G. (Author Only), Spears, L. (Author Only), Utah State Horticultural Association, "Brown Marmorated Stink Bug Biocontrol," Utah State Horticultural Association, Spanish Fork, UT. (January 20, 2022 - January 21, 2022)
|
Progress 10/01/20 to 09/30/21
Outputs
Target Audience:Commercial fruit and vegetable producers, crop consultants, USU extension educators, Utah Department of Agriculture and Food inspectors, Natural Resource Conservation Service providers, Master Gardeners, home gardeners, garden industry professionals, plant entomology graduate students, and other researchers interested in brown marmorated stink bug ecology and management. Changes/Problems:None What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Two graduate students participated in a national conference, and grower training workshop and several grower outreach meetings where management of H. halys was discussed with professionals in the field. Interaction with stakeholders concerned about invasive insects provided an excellent professional development opportunity for the PI and graduate students. Three undergraduate students participated in research and outreach education events. Participants in Project Co-investigator: Dr. Lori Spears Two graduate students trained during 2020-21: Mark Cody Holthouse, PhD (August 2016 - present) Kate Richardson, MS (August 2020 - present) Undergraduate students trained during 2020-21: Aydin Sessions Keegan Cunningham Zachary Ross How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Completion of 6 peer-reviewed research publications in 2019-2021 in national and international journals has produced broad impacts of this project on fellow researchers studying H. halys biology and management, including biological control. In 2020-21, 15 research and outreach presentations reached over 500 face-to-face contacts and 1,000 remote contacts. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Objectives 1-3 are completed and the results published in three peer-reviewed research papers, multiple extension publications, and the full host plant list is available on the Utah State University Extension Cooperative Agricultural Pest Survey website. Research and outreach will continue to address Objectives 4 and 5 in 2022. Three refereed research papers have been completed as part of Objective 4; however, new avenues of studies on invasive and native parasitoids of H. halys will continue in 2022. Outreach education presentations will be delivered at the Utah State Horticultural Association Conference and Utah Urban and Small Farms Conference.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Obj. 1. Determine preferred plant hosts of H. halys. Primary host plant surveys were completed in 2018 with new hosts added as observed during ongoing research. A research manuscript entitled 'Urban host plant utilization by the invasive H. halys in northern Utah' was published in the journal NeoBiota in 2021. The updated and current host plant list for Utah is published on the USU Extension website: https://utahpests.usu.edu/caps/bmsb-host-plants. Obj. 2. Determine the type and severity of tree fruit and vegetable crop injury from BMSB. A peer-reviewed research paper was published in Journal of Economic Entomology in 2020 on the impact of H. halys on tart cherry fruit injury. Tart cherry (Prunus cerasus Linnaeus) is a major processed agricultural commodity in Utah; yet, its susceptibility to brown marmorated stink bug was unstudied. Feeding by adults and nymphs between petal fall and fruit pit hardening, even at feeding pressures as low as 1.7-4.0 feeding sites per fruit, caused 100% abscission of fruits, significantly reducing marketability when compared with the control treatment. For fruits that escaped abscission and matured, few quality differences were detected among treatments, indicating that brown marmorated stink bug feeding caused minimal detectable quality loss to this processed tree fruit crop. We conclude that tart cherries are at risk of abscission with short-term brown marmorated stink bug feeding between petal fall and pit hardening when overwintered adults or F1 nymphs are present in orchards, and suggest that longer-term feeding may be necessary to cause quality and yield reductions after pit hardening. Obj. 3. Determine efficiency of traps and lures for BMSB across seasonal and phenological timings. A research manuscript entitled 'Behavior of H. halys in the Utah agricultural landscape based on trap captures and visual observations' was published in the journal Proceedings of the Washington Entomological Society in 2021. To evaluate these potential differences, we sampled the BMSB along transects with pyramid and sticky panel traps, and visual plant inspections at nine orchard and community garden site-years (< 2.5 ha). Sites were selected to represent common specialty crops grown in Utah, including peach, apple, pear, tart cherry, and diverse vegetables. Sampling was conducted in four locations within sites; exterior, border, border-interior, and center; and in early, mid-, and late seasonal periods. Results did not support a BMSB preference for field-site borders as found in other regions and crop situations of the U.S. Pyramid traps attracted significantly more BMSB than sticky panel traps throughout the growing season, and significantly more BMSB than visual plant inspections in the mid- and late season. Visual monitoring may be a cost-effective BMSB detection strategy when conducted near pheromone-baited traps in the early season. Overall, positive correlations between pyramid and sticky panel trap catch was weak in both 2018 and 2019. Therefore, we suggest that pyramid traps, especially in combination with visual plant inspections, are optimal for monitoring and detecting BMSB in the Utah agricultural landscape where populations are relatively low and field size is < 2.5 ha. Additionally, border-focused management strategies may be less effective in Utah compared with regions with higher BMSB infestations, larger field sizes, and adjacent agricultural or natural landscapes. Obj. 4. Determine the impact of native and introduced beneficial predators and parasitoids on H. halys. Three peer-reviewed research articles on this topic were published, one in Biodiversity Data Journalon surveys for egg parasitoids of H. halys and one in Science Matters Select on non-sib guarding behavior observed in Trissolcus euschisti in 2020, and one on comparison of yellow and blue sticky cards for monitoring native and invasive parasitoids of H. halys published in Journal of Insect Science in 2021. Additional parasitoid research under this objective is underway: 1) Adult parasitoid wasps can tremendously benefit from floral resources such as nectar and pollen. This objective will focus on cover crops because of their benefits and appropriateness to agricultural production systems. The cover crop plants selected for this study can provide an attractive alternative to harsh insecticides that are only mildly effective in suppressing H. halys. The objective is to quantify the attractiveness of various floral volatiles and measure their effects on T. japonicus lifespan and reproduction. Here, the attractiveness of four cover crops: alfalfa [Medicago sativa (L.)], buckwheat [Fagopyrum esculentum (Moench)], red clover [Trifolium pratense (L.)], and sweet alyssum [Lobularia maritima (L.) Desv.] to T. japonicus were assessed. Preliminary results have not shown significant differences in residence time in y-tube olfactometer assays between volatiles produced by the flower treatments and the blank control. The first choice of the olfactometer arm with a flower treatment vs a blank control by T. japonicusfemale wasps and movement between olfactometer arms are currently being analyzed. 2) Though sentinel BMSB egg masses are a common way to assess wasp parasitism rates, studies have shown that lab-reared egg masses underestimate parasitism rates and attract fewer wasps than wild egg masses (Abram et al. 2017; Holthouse et al. 2020; Jones et al. 2014). This is thought to be because the samurai wasp uses volatile chemicals associated with BMSB during its host location. Research by Malek et al. (2020) found that combining the BMSB host kairomones of n-tridecane and (E)-2-decenal at a ratio of 4:1 was highly attractive to samurai wasp adults in a Y-tube olfactometer experiment. However, another study found the ratio of 9:1 used in a field experiment demonstrated little success, possibly due method of delivery (filter paper) and rapid volatility of the chemicals (J. Kaser, personal communication). There is evidence of wasp attraction to these kairomones in a lab setting, but more research is needed to understand how they perform in agricultural field settings. These results could eventually lead to the creation of an attractive lure for T. japonicus with the potential for use in orchards and vegetable fields to increase T. japonicus populations and parasitism rates of BMSB eggs, thereby reducing BMSB populations and crop damage. In 2021, out of 92 BMSB egg masses deployed in the kairomone study only 13 had attempted parasitism. Of the total number of egg masses, the native wasp T. euschisti parasitized 6.5%, T. japonicus parasitized 5.4%, and 2.2% were parasitized by unknown species. The kairomone lure composed of 1:0 n-tridecane to e-2-decenal showed more parasitism overall compared to both the controls and the 4:1 and 9:1 n-tridecane to e-2-decenal lures. The lures containing e-2-decenal (4:1 & 9:1) had lower amounts of emerged parasitoids when compared to the control, although results were not statistically significant due to overall low parasitism rates. The kairomone lure study will be repeated in 2022. Obj. 5. Conduct educational outreach to fruit and vegetable producers, crop consultants, educators, and community and home gardener audiences. The PI and project personnel (graduate students and extension educator) all contributed to outreach education presentations and products developed and delivered during 2020-21. Publications:3 research and 1 outreach. Presentations:15 research and outreach. Presentation numbers in 2020-21 were lower than in previous years due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on industry and Extension meetings.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Holthouse, M. C., Alston, D. G., & Spears, L. (2021, January 28). Urban host plant utilization by the brown marmorated stink bug, Halymorpha halys (Stal) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), in northern Utah. NeoBiota, 64, 87-101.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Hotlhouse, M. C., Spears, L., & Alston, D. G. (2021, August 31). Comparison of yellow and blue sticky cards for detection and monitoring parasitoid wasps of the invasive Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Journal of Insect Science, 21(5), 1-10.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Presentations
Alston, D. G. (Panelist), Entomological Society of America Annual Meeting, "Ask a Department Head," ESA, Denver, CO. (October 31, 2021 - November 3, 2021)
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Presentations
Richardson, K. (Presenter & Author), Alston, D. G. (Author Only), Spears, L. (Author Only), Entomological Society of America Annual Meeting, "Strategies for the conservation and enhancement of Trissolcus japonicus (Ashmead), a parasitoid of the invasive Halyomorpha halys," ESA, Denver, CO. (October 31, 2021 - November 3, 2021)
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Presentations
Alston, D. G. (Presenter & Author), Utah Public Radio Green Thumb Show, "Insect Science Tips and Fun Facts," Utah Public Radio, Logan, UT. (January 20, 2021 - October 27, 2021)
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Presentations
Alston, D. G. (Presenter & Author), Utah State Horticultural Association Annual Convention, "Orchard pest management update," Utah State Horticultural Association, Virtual. (January 20, 2021 - January 21, 2021)
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Progress 10/01/19 to 09/30/20
Outputs
Target Audience:Commercial fruit and vegetable producers, crop consultants, USU extension educators, Utah Department of Agriculture and Food inspectors, Natural Resource Conservation Service providers, Master Gardeners, home gardeners, garden industry professionals, plant entomology graduate students, and other researchers interested in brown marmorated stink bug ecology and management. Changes/Problems:None What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Three graduate students participated in a national conference, and grower training workshop and several grower outreach meetings where management of H. halys was discussed with professionals in the field. Interaction with stakeholders concerned about invasive insects provided an excellent professional development opportunity for the PI and graduate students. Two undergraduate students participated in outreach education events to Utah's public at gardeners' markets and extension booths. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Four peer-reviewed research publications in 2019 and 2020 in national and international journals has provided for broad impacts of this project on fellow researchers studying H. halys and its biological control. Sixteen research and 19 extension presentations reached over 2,500 face-to-face contacts. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Objective 1 is completed and the results are published in a peer-reviewed research paper, multiple extension publications, and the full host plant list is available on the Utah State University Extension Cooperative Agricultural Pest Survey website. Research and outreach will continue to address Objectives 2-5 in 2021. Outreach education presentations will be delivered at the Utah State Horticultural Association Conference and Utah Urban and Small Farms Conference.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Obj. 1.Determine preferred plant hosts of H. halys. Host plant surveys were completed in 2018. A research manuscript on the objective results was written and submitted to the journal NeoBiota on October 27, 2020, and is awaiting completion of the review process.The current host plant list for Utah: https://utahpests.usu.edu/caps/bmsb-host-plants. To document which plant species harbor H. halys, surveys were conducted in 17 urban/suburban sites in four counties during 2017 and 2018. H. halys was more abundant in Salt Lake and Utah counties than in the more northern counties of Davis and Weber. H. halys was found on 53 plant species, nine of which hosted two or more developmental stages in both years. The majority of hosts were in the families Fabaceae, Rosaceae, and Sapindaceae. Northern catalpa, Catalpa speciosa (Warder), was the most consistent host, supporting a majority of H. halys detections in all life stages; thus we identify it as a sentinel host. Twenty-nine species were novel hosts in North America; of these, Acer ginnalaMaxim, Populus tremuloidesMichx., Prunus armeniaca x domestica 'Flavor King', and Prunus virginiana 'Schubert' L. were detected with two or more life stages of H. halys in both years. Peak populations of H. halys occurred from mid-June to mid-September. We describe H. halys plant utilization by life stage and seasonal period to aid future detection and management of this invasive insect in the greater Intermountain West region. Obj. 2.Determine the type and severity of tree fruit and vegetable crop injury from BMSB. A peer-reviewed research paper was published in Journal of Economic Entomology on the impact of H. halys on tart cherry fruit injury. Tart cherry (Prunus cerasus Linnaeus) is a major processed agricultural commodity in Utah; yet, its susceptibility to brown marmorated stink bug is unstudied. Limb cages with six brown marmorated stink bug adults, nymphs, or no brown marmorated stink bug were established in a randomized complete block design in a tart cherry orchard to determine feeding impact on different fruit developmental stages. After 1 wk of feeding, half of the fruits in each cage were removed to assess feeding intensity, and the remainder left through maturity to assess marketability and quality. Feeding by adults and nymphs between petal fall and fruit pit hardening, even at feeding pressures as low as 1.7-4.0 feeding sites per fruit, caused 100% abscission of fruits, significantly reducing marketability when compared with the control treatment. For fruits that escaped abscission and matured, few quality differences were detected among treatments, indicating that brown marmorated stink bug feeding caused minimal detectable quality loss to this processed tree fruit crop. We conclude that tart cherries are at risk of abscission with short-term brown marmorated stink bug feeding between petal fall and pit hardening when overwintered adults or F1 nymphs are present in orchards, and suggest that longer-term feeding may be necessary to cause quality and yield reductions after pit hardening. Obj. 3.Determine efficiency of traps and lures for BMSB across seasonal and phenological timings. A research manuscript on the objective was written and submitted to the journal Proceedings of the Washington Entomological Society. It is awaiting completion of the review process. To evaluate these potential differences, we sampled the BMSB along transects with pyramid and sticky panel traps,and visual plant inspections at nine orchard and community garden site-years (< 2.5 ha). Sites were selected to represent common specialty crops grown in Utah, including peach, apple, pear, tart cherry, and diverse vegetables. Sampling was conducted in four locations within sites; exterior, border, border-interior, and center; and in early, mid-, and late seasonal periods. Results did not support a BMSB preference for field-site borders as found in other regions and crop situations of the U.S. Pyramid traps attracted significantly more BMSB than sticky panel traps throughout the growing season, and significantly more BMSB than visual plant inspections in the mid- and late season. Visual monitoring may be a cost-effective BMSB detection strategy when conducted near pheromone-baited traps in the early season. Overall, positive correlations between pyramid and sticky panel trap catch was weak in both 2018 and 2019. Therefore, we suggest that pyramid traps, especially in combination with visual plant inspections, are optimal for monitoring and detecting BMSB in the Utah agricultural landscape where populations are relatively low and field size is < 2.5 ha. Additionally, border-focused management strategies may be less effective in Utah compared with regions with higher BMSB infestations, larger field sizes, and adjacent agricultural or natural landscapes. Obj. 4.Determine the impact of native and introduced beneficial predators and parasitoids on H. halys.Two peer-reviewed research articles on this topic were published this past year, one in Biodiversity Data Journalon surveys for egg parasitoids of H. halys and one in Science Matters Select on non-sib guarding behavior observed in Trissolcus euschisti. Native and non-native biological control agents, namely parasitoid wasps, have been assessed for efficacy.Trissolcus japonicus (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) is an effective egg parasitoid of H. halys in its native range of southeast Asia and has recently been documented parasitizing H. halys eggs in North America and Europe. Field surveys for native and exotic egg parasitoids using wild (in situ) and lab-reared H. halys egg masses were conducted in suburban and agricultural sites in northern Utah from June to September 2017-2019. Seven native wasp species in the families Eupelmidae and Scelionidae were discovered guarding H. halys eggs and adult wasps from five of these species completed emergence.Native species had low mean rates of adult emergence from wild (0.5-3.7%) and lab-reared (0-0.4%) egg masses. In 2019, an adventive population of T. japonicus was discovered for the first time in Utah, emerging from 21 of the 106 wild H. halys egg masses found that year, and none from lab-reared eggs. All T. japonicus emerged from egg masses collected on Catalpa speciosa (Warder). Our results support other studies that have observed biological control of H. halys from T. japonicus and improved parasitoid wasp detection with wild as compared to lab-reared H. halys egg masses. Wasps in the genus Trissolcus (Hymenoptera:Scelionidae) are parasitoids of stink bugs and other insects in the Pentatomoidea superfamily (Order Heteroptera) and typically undergo sib-mating behavior where males emerge first from parasitized host insect eggs and remain near the natal site to mate with sib-females as they emerge. Although common in certain groups of parasitoid wasps, sib-mating often leads to inbreeding and subsequent reduced genetic diversity and fitness. During field surveys for native and exotic natural enemies of the invasive brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB, Halyomorpha halys Stål) in northern Utah, we discovered a male Trissolcus euschisti guarding a green stink bug (Chinavia hilaris Say) egg mass that was determined post-observation be a non-sib male based on the timing of its presence to subsequently emerging T. euschistimales and females.This finding suggests alternative mechanisms for avoiding inbreeding depression in a sib-mating species, and that outbreeding may be more prevalent than once thought in this sib-mating system. Obj. 5.Conduct educational outreach to fruit and vegetable producers, crop consultants, educators, and community and home gardener audiences. The PI and project personnel (graduate students and extension educator) all contributed to outreach education presentations and products developed and delivered during 2019. Publications:4 research and 9 outreach. Presentations:16 research and 19 outreach.
Publications
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Periodicals
Alston, D. G. (2020). Despite COVID-19, the Utah Pests Team is Still Here for You! (Spring ed., vol. 14, pp. 1). Logan, UT: Utah Pests Quarterly Newsletter.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Holthouse, M. C., Schumm, Z., Talamas, E., Spears, L., & Alston, D. G. (2020, August 13). Surveys in northern Utah for egg parasitoids of Halymorpha halys (Stal) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) detect Trissolcus japonicus (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae). Biodiversity Data Journal, 8(e53363).
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Schumm, Z. R., Alston, D. G., & Spears, L. (2020, December). Behavior of the brown marmorated stink bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae; Halyomorpha halys Stal) in the Utah agricultural landscape based on trap captures and visual sampling studies. To appear in Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 123(1).
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Schumm, Z. R., Alston, D. G., Spears, L., & Manlove, K. (2020, July 02). Impact of brown marmorated stink bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) feeding on tart cherry (Rosales: Rosaceae) quality and yield in Utah. Journal of Economic Entomology, 113(5), 2328-2334.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Schumm, Z., Alston, D. G., Holthouse, M. C., & Spears, L. (2020, April 24). Non-sib male guarding behavior observed in Trissolcus euschisti (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae). ScienceMatters, 202004000005.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Presentations
Alston, D. G., Utah Public Radio Green Thumb Show, "Insect science and management tips," Utah State University, Logan, UT. (January 28, 2020 - December 21, 2020)
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Presentations
Alston, D. G. (Presenter & Author), Mountainland Fruit Grower Spring/Summer Meetings, "Insect and mite pest management update," Mountainland Packing and Utah State University Extension, Videoconference. (March 31, 2020 - June 23, 2020)
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Presentations
Alston, D. G. (Presenter & Author), Utah Urban and Small Farms Conference, "Key insect pests of raspberry," Utah State University Extension, West Valley City, UT. (March 4, 2020 - March 5, 2020)
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Presentations
Holthouse, M. C. (Presenter & Author), Alston, D. G. (Author Only), Spears, L. (Author Only), Utah State University Extension Annual Conference, "Common stink bugs of Utah and their management," Utah State University, Logan, UT. (February 26, 2020)
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Presentations
Alston, D. G. (Presenter & Author), Utah State Horticultural Association Convention 2020, "Persistent leafhoppers and aphids - how to diminish them," Utah State Horticultural Association, Spanish Fork, UT. (January 23, 2020 - January 24, 2020)
|
Progress 10/01/18 to 09/30/19
Outputs
Target Audience:Commercial fruit and vegetable producers, crop consultants, USU extension educators, Utah Department of Agriculture and Food inspectors, Master Gardeners, home gardeners, plant entomology graduate students, and other researchers interested in BMSB ecology and management. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The two graduate students participated in a national conference, and grower training workshop and several grower outreach meetings where management of BMSB was discussed with professionals in the field. Interaction with stakeholders concerned about invasive insects provided an excellent professional development opportunity for the PI and graduate students. Two undergraduate students participated in outreach education events to Utah's public at gardeners' markets and extension booths. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Five research and 15 extension presentations reached over 1,100 face-to-face contacts. Presentations (research): Alston, D. 2019. Brown marmorated stink bug: a new invasive pest to Utah, February 12, Utah Pest Control and Lawncare Association, Layton, UT (150 attendees). Alston, D. and K. Daane. 2019. Western region update on BMSB distribution and pest status. USDA NIFA SCRI Brown Marmorated Stink Bug Stakeholder Advisory Panel Meeting, February 19, Columbus, OH (40 attendees). Alston, D., L. Spears, M. C. Holthouse, and Z. Schumm. 2019. BMSB phenology and voltinism in Utah. USDA NIFA SCRI Brown Marmorated Stink Bug Stakeholder Advisory Panel Meeting, February 19, Columbus, OH (40 attendees). Holthouse, M. C., D. Alston, and L. Spears. 2019. Urban habitats as sources of brown marmorated stink bugs for agricultural lands. Utah State Horticultural Association, January 24-25, Spanish Fork, UT (75 attendees). Schumm, Z., D. Alston, and L. Spears. 2019. Brown marmorated stink bug damage to tart cherry and peach. Utah State Horticultural Association Convention, January 24-25, Spanish Fork, UT (75 attendees). Presentations (extension): Schumm, Z. 2019. Brown marmorated stink bug feeding on tart cherry. Grower Field Day. USU Extension and Utah State Horticultural Association, Santaquin, UT. (July 9, 2019) (50 attendees) Spears, L. 2019. Trapping for brown marmorated stink bug. Grower Field Day. USU Extension and Utah State Horticultural Association, Santaquin, UT. (July 9, 2019) (50 attendees) Holthouse, M.C. 2019. Wheeler Historic Farm Sunday Market Master Gardener Extension Booth. Wheeler Farm, Murray, UT. (June 9, 2019) (50 attendees) Schumm, Z. R., Holthouse, M. C., Berdahl, E., Morgan, K., and Hall, S. 2019. Invasive Insect Surveying and Collection Methods. Wasatch Gardens Education Programs, Salt Lake City, UT. (July 3, 2019) (22 attendees) Schumm, Z. R., Holthouse, M. C., Berdahl, E., Morgan, K., and Hall, S. 2019. Invasive Insect Surveying and Collection Methods. Wasatch Gardens Education Programs, Salt Lake City, UT. (July 11, 2019) (20 attendees) Schumm, Z. R., Holthouse, M. C., Berdahl, E., Morgan, K., and Hall, S. 2019. Invasive Insect Surveying and Collection Methods. Wasatch Gardens Education Programs, Salt Lake City, UT. (July 18, 2019) (9 attendees) Schumm, Z.R. 2019. Pioneer Park Farmer's Market Extension Booth. Salt Lake City, UT. (June 15, 2019) (223 attendees) Schumm, Z.R. 2019. Wheeler Historic Farm Sunday Market Master Gardener Extension Booth. Wheeler Farm, Murray, UT. (June 16, 2019) (120 attendees) Spears L. 2019. Biological control of brown marmorated stink bug. Utah Association of County Agricultural Agents, West Jordan, UT. (Jun 5, 2019) (5 agents) Spears L. 2019. Invasive pest surveys, research, and outreach. Seasonal Inspectors, Utah Department of Agriculture and Food, Salt Lake City, UT. (May 7, 2019) (20 seasonal inspectors) Spears L. 2019. The search for the samurai wasp. Master Gardener Guest Lecture (2 locations) (May 1, 2019) (30 Master Gardeners) Spears L. 2019. Invasive insect update. Utah Urban and Small Farms Conference, West Valley, UT. (Feb 21, 2019) (40 producers) Spears L. 2019. Invasive insect update. Utah State Horticultural Association, Spanish Fork, UT. (Jan 24, 2019) (80 producers) Extension Meetings/Workshops Invasive Fruit Pest Workshop for Commercial Producers, Spanish Fork Fairgrounds (Mar 6, 2019) (32 commercial producers) What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Research and outreach will continue to address Objectives 2-5 in 2020. Host plant surveys will be extended into agricultural areas, trapping trials will focus on orchard and vegetable production areas, and natural enemy surveys will be expanded in agricultural areas. Outreach education presentations will be delivered at the Utah State Horticultural Association Conference and Utah Urban and Small Farms Conference.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Obj. 1. Determine preferred plant hosts of the Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (BMSB). Host plant surveys were completed in 2018. Host plants documented in Utah currently include 21 plant families and 63 species. The current host plant list for Utah: https://utahpests.usu.edu/caps/bmsb-host-plants. In 2019, trapping studies were repeated in two apple or pear/peach orchard sites and a tart cherry orchard site was added. Transects in the peach/apple orchard had the highest BMSB capture in traps placed from the edge to the center, and least exterior to the orchard (edge, 17; interior, 18; center, 17; exterior, 9). The majority of BMSB in the pear/peach orchard were trapped on the edge (5 edge; 1 interior; 0 center; 1 exterior). In the new tart cherry orchard, the majority were trapped on the orchard edge (3 edge; 0 interior; 2 center; 0 edge). In mixed vegetable sites, one site had the highest trap catch on the edge (33 edge; 20 interior; 11 center; 14 exterior) while the second site had the highest capture in interior traps (6 edge; 15 interior; 9 center; 4 exterior). There are not consistent location preferences across sites. Data on voltinism and survivorship of egg, nymph, and adult BMSB life stages on key host plants in Utah were collected weekly between June and October in 2018 and May through October in 2019. This data includes host plant species catalpa (Catalpa speciosa) and tart cherry (Prunus cerasus) in 2018, with peach (Prunus persica) being added as a third host plant in 2019. In 2019, we also transferred several cohorts of third instar nymphs from both catalpa and tart cherry to peach to analyze the effects of multiple host plant feeding on voltinism and survivorship. Results from 2018 and 2019 showed that BMSB is univoltine in northern Utah; however, it can experience a partial second generation (up to third instar nymphs) on tart cherry. Obj. 2. Determine the type and severity of tree fruit and vegetable crop injury from BMSB. In 2019, this experiment was repeated beginning at the early fruit stage, and subsequent replicates were initiated each week until harvests occurred. In all fruit stages, adults and nymphs had significantly more feeding than did controls. BMSB feeding caused complete or nearly complete abscission of fruits in the pre-pit-hardening stages. Obj. 3. Determine efficiency of traps and lures for BMSB across seasonal and phenological timings. BMSB was monitored from May through October in commercial fruit and vegetable crops, and urban-suburban landscapes in northern Utah with three primary types of traps baited with the Trece dual lure [AgBio 4 ft Dead-Inn pyramid (not in vegetable sites), Trece clear dual panel adhesive (sticky), and Trece dual funnel (urban-suburban sites only)]. A total of 142 BMSB were caught in traps; 141 adults and 1 nymph. In orchards, where trap comparisons are being conducted, the majority of bugs were captured in pyramid traps (11 in pyramid [11 adults; 0 nymph] vs. 6 in sticky). In vegetable sites, pyramids also had higher numbers (45 in pyramid [44 adults; 1 nymph] vs. 22 in sticky [22 adults; 0 nymphs]). Surveys (beat sheet samples and hand checking) of all plant material within 1 meter (or two nearest plants if no plants within 1 meter) revealed 40 adults in orchard sites, and 3 adults in vegetable sites. In orchards and vegetable sites where only sticky panel traps were used, a total of 23 adults (19 in orchards, 4 in vegetables) (0 nymphs) were captured. The earliest trap catch of wild adults was on April 22, 2019; the photoperiod on that day was 13 hours and 35 minutes. A degree-day model based on photoperiod and temperature is under development for BMSB in northern Utah. Obj. 4. Determine the impact of native and introduced beneficial predators and parasitoids on BMSB. The parasitoid wasp native to the same geographic range as BMSB, the samurai wasp, Trissolcus japonicus was discovered in Salt Lake City in northern Utah attacking two 'wild' BMSB egg masses. This is the first discovery of Trissolcus japonicus in Utah and in the Intermountain West region. The two BMSB egg masses were found on northern catalpa (Catalpa speciosa) leaves in Salt Lake City, Utah on June 17, 2019 (N40o 46' 15.069" W111o 51' 18.619"). A lab colony has been initiated from emerged wasps. Both yellow and blue sticky cards were deployed biweekly to assess local presence of parasitoid wasps in Utah. Both card types were deployed in urban, commercial orchard, and vegetable garden sites. Historically, only yellow sticky cards have been used to find parasitoid wasps in the search for BMSB biological control, but our lab has interest in whether or not blue sticky cards may be an alternate approach. The number of Anastatus, Telenomus, and Trissolcus wasps along with the number of by-catch from orders Diptera, Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Lepidoptera, Thysanoptera, and class Arachnid are all being compared by card color. It is thought that blue cards may attract wasps while avoiding as much by-catch as can be found on yellow sticky cards. These data are under processing and analysis. Following small numbers of sentinel egg mass releases in both 2017 and 2018, a greater investment of time in resources is underway on sentinel egg mass release in northern Utah in 2019. Data are under analysis. Obj. 5. Conduct educational outreach to fruit and vegetable producers, crop consultants, educators, and community and home gardener audiences. The PI and project personnel (graduate students and extension educator) all contributed to outreach education presentations and products developed and delivered during 2019. Publications (research and extension): Acebes-Doria, A. et al. 2019. Season-long monitoring of the brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stal) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), throughout the United States using commercially available traps and lure. Journal of Economic Entomology https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/toz240. Holthouse MC, Z Schumm, L Spears, and D Alston. 2019. Seasonal development and occurrence of brown marmorated stink bug in Utah. Utah Pests News, Utah Plant Pest Diagnostic Laboratory and Utah State University Extension. Vol 13 (Spring): 5-6. http://utahpests.usu.edu/files/up-newsletter/2019/UtahPests-Newsletter-spring19.pdf Holthouse MC, ZR Schumm, DG Alston, and LR Spears. 2019. Common stink bugs of Utah. Fact Sheet ENT-209-19. Utah State University Extension and Utah Plant Pest Diagnostic Laboratory, Logan, UT (8 pp). https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3015&context=extension_curall Schumm ZR, MC Holthouse, Y Mizuno, DG Alston, and LR Spears. 2019. Parasitoid wasps of the invasive brown marmorated stink bug in Utah. Fact Sheet ENT-198-19. Utah State University Extension and Utah Plant Pest Diagnostic Laboratory, Logan, UT (6 pp). https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2991&context=extension_curall Schumm Z, MC Holthouse, L Spears, and D Alston. Biological control of brown marmorated stink bug. Utah Pests News, Utah Plant Pest Diagnostic Laboratory and Utah State University Extension. Vol 13 (Spring): 6-7. http://utahpests.usu.edu/files/up-newsletter/2019/UtahPests-Newsletter-spring19.pdf Spears, LR, DG Alston, E Brennan, C Cannon, J Caputo, R Davis, L Hebertson, C Keyes, D Malesky, D McAvoy, A Mull, R Ramirez, T Rodman, and K Watson. 2019. First detector guide to invasive insects: biology, identification, and monitoring. Utah State University Extension and Utah Plant Pest Diagnostic Laboratory. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3016&context=extension_curall (Updated edition) Spears LR. 2019. Biological control of brown marmorated stink bug. Utah Pests News, Utah Plant Pest Diagnostic Laboratory and Utah State University Extension. Vol 13 (Winter): 8-9. http://utahpests.usu.edu/files/up-newsletter/2019/UtahPests-Newsletter-winter19.pdf
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Acebes-Doria, A., Agnello, A., Alston, D. G., Andrews, H., Beers, E., Bergh, C., Bessin, R., Blaauw, B., Buntin, G. D., Burkness, E., Chen, S., Cottrell, T., Daane, K., Fann, L., Fleischer, S., Guedot, C., Gut, L., Hamilton, G., Hilton, R., Hoelmer, K., Hutchison, W., Jentsch, P., Krawcyzk, G., Kuhar, T., Lee, J., Milnes, J., Nielsen, A., Patel, D., Short, B., Sial, A., Spears, L., Tatman, K., Toews, M., Walgenbach, J., Welty, C., Wiman, N., van Zoeren, J., & Leskey, T. (2019, September). Season-long monitoring of the brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stal) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), throughout the United States using commercially available traps and lures. Journal of Economic Entomology/Entomological Society of America.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Holthouse, M. C., Schumm, Z., Alston, D. G., & Spears, L. (2019). Common stink bugs of Utah. (vol. ENT-209-19, pp. 1-8). Logan, UT: Utah State University Extension
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Schumm, Z., Hotlhouse, M. C., Minzuno, Y., Alston, D. G., & Spears, L. (2019). Parasitoid wasps of the invasive brown marmorated stink bug in Utah. (vol. ENT-198-19, pp. 1-6). Logan, UT: Utah State University Extension
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Presentations
Alston, D. G., Utah Public Radio Green Thumb Show, "Insect management tips," Utah Public Radio, Logan, UT. (January 2019 - November 2019)
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Presentations
Schumm, Z. (Presenter & Author), Alston, D. G. (Author Only), Spears, L. (Author Only), Entomological Society of America Annual Meeting, "Impact of brown marmorated stink bug feeding on tart cherry quality and yield in Utah," Entomological Society of America, St. Louis, MO. (November 16, 2019 - November 20, 2019)
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Presentations
Holthouse, M. C. (Presenter & Author), Alston, D. G. (Author Only), Schumm, Z. (Author Only), Spears, L. (Author Only), Entomological Society of America Annual Meeting, "Voltinism and parasitoids of brown marmorated stink bug in Utah," Entomological Society of America, St. Louis, MO. (November 16, 2019 - November 20, 2019)
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Presentations
Alston, D. G., Utah State University Extension CEU Pesticide Education Course, "Integrated pest management practices for horticultural crops," Utah State University Extension, Logan, UT. (July 19, 2019 - August 19, 2019)
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Presentations
Alston, D. G., Utah Urban and Small Farms Conference, "Raspberry fruit-feeding insects," Utah State University Extension, West Valley City, UT. (February 21, 2019)
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Presentations
Alston, D. G. (Presenter & Author), Utah Urban and Small Farms Conference, "Berry insect basics," Utah State University Extension, West Valley City, UT. (February 20, 2019)
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Presentations
Alston, D. G. (Presenter & Author), Spears, L. (Author Only), Holthouse, M. C. (Author Only), Schumm, Z. (Author Only), USDA NIFA SCRI Brown Marmorated Sink Bug Stakeholder Advisory Panel Meeting, "BMSB phenology and voltinism in Utah," USDA NIFA SCRI, Columbus, OH. (February 19, 2019)
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Presentations
Alston, D. G. (Presenter & Author), Daane, K. (Author Only), USDA NIFA SCRI Brown Marmorated Sink Bug Stakeholder Advisory Panel Meeting, "Western region update on BMSB distribution and pest status," USDA NIFA SCRI, Columbus, OH. (February 19, 2019)
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Presentations
Alston, D. G., Utah Pest Control and Lawncare Association, "Brown marmorated stink bug: a new invasive pest to Utah," Utah Pest Control and Lawncare Association, Layton, UT. (February 12, 2019)
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Presentations
Schumm, Z. (Presenter & Author), Alston, D. G. (Author Only), Spears, L. (Author Only), Utah State Horticultural Association Convention, "Brown marmorated stink bug damage to tart cherry and peach," Utah State Horticultural Association, Spanish Fork, UT. (January 24, 2019 - January 25, 2019)
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Presentations
Holthouse, M. C. (Presenter & Author), Alston, D. G. (Author Only), Spears, L. (Author Only), Utah State Horticultural Association Convention, "Urban habitats as sources of brown marmorated stink bug for agricultural lands," Utah State Horticultural Association, Spanish Fork, UT. (January 24, 2019 - January 25, 2019)
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Periodicals
Holthouse, M. C., Schumm, Z., Spears, L., & Alston, D. G. (2019). Seasonal development and occurrence of brown marmorated stink bug in Utah. (Spring 2019 ed., vol. 13, pp. 5-6). Logan, UT: Utah Pests News, Utah State University Extension.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Periodicals
Schumm, Z., Holthouse, M. C., Spears, L., & Alston, D. G. (2019). Biological control of brown marmorated stink bug. (Spring 2019 ed., vol. 13, pp. 6-7). Logan, UT: Utah Pests News, Utah State University Extension.
|
Progress 07/01/18 to 09/30/18
Outputs
Target Audience:Commercial fruit and vegetable producers, crop consultants, USU extension educators, Utah Department of Agriculture and Food inspectors, Master Gardeners, home gardeners, plant entomology graduate students, and other researchers interested in BMSB ecology and management. Changes/Problems:A late spring frost in 2018 reduced peach bud fruit set. Therefore, the peach fruit injury trial was reduced in scope. The trial will be repeated in 2019. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The two graduate students participated in the First Detector Workshop held in Midvale, UT, September 22, 2018. Interaction with stakeholders concerned about invasive insects provided an excellent professional development opportunity for the PI and graduate students. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?One presentation: Holthouse, C., Z. Schumm, L. Spears, and D. Alston. 2018. Brown marmorated stink bug. First Detector Training Workshop for Master Gardeners, Midvale, UT. (Sep 21, 2018) (55 contacts). What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Research will continue to address all objectives in 2019. Host plant surveys will be extended into agricultural areas, tree fruit crop injury studies will be repeated in tart cherry and peach, trapping trials will focus on orchard and vegetable production areas, and natural enemy surveys will be expanded in agricultural areas. Outreach education presentations will be delivered at the Utah State Horticultural Association Conference (January 24-25, 2019, Spanish Fork, UT), the Utah Pest Control and Lawncare Association (February 12-13, 2019, Layton, UT), and the Utah Urban and Small Farms Conference (February 20-21, 2019, Salt Lake City, UT).
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Obj. 1. Determine preferred plant hosts of Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (BMSB). Host plant transects in urban-suburban landscapes (including community gardens) near and adjacent to agricultural areas revealed a total of 62 plant species from 24 families with Aceraceae, Fabaceae, and Rosaceae as the most common families. The Utah BMSB host plant list was updated at: https://utahpests.usu.edu/caps/bmsb-host-plants. Previous urban BMSB trap data suggested a small, partial second generation may develop before the onset of winter diapause. In 2018, a voltinism study was conducted that provided data on BMSB phenology and host oviposition preference. Wild caught spring emerged BMSB adults (F0 Generation) were placed in mesh bags on tart cherry and catalpa trees on June 4, 2018 and their subsequent progeny (F1, F2) monitored once a week until mid-October. The 40 F0 adults placed on tart cherry produced 96 egg masses that resulted in 59 surviving F1 adults by October 8. The F1 adults produced 4 egg masses from which one nymph survived and reached the third-instar stage (middle-aged nymph) by October 1. On catalpa, the 30 F0 adults produced 84 egg masses resulting in 38 surviving F1 adults by October 8. F1 adults did not successfully oviposit on catalpa. These results are congruent with the current understanding that BMSB is primarily univoltine (single generation) in Utah. Obj. 2. Determine the type and severity of tree fruit and vegetable crop injury from BMSB. In a randomized complete block design, four cages of six BMSB nymphs or adults, plus four control cages, were placed on each of five tart cherry developmental stages for one week before removal: bud, flower, early fruit, pit hardening, and mature fruit. To assess immediate injury, half of the reproductive structures within each cage were harvested and stained with acid fuchsin to count feeding holes and stink bug stylet sheaths. Cages were resealed until fruits matured on 7 July, when the remaining fruits were assessed for quality, including mass, diameter, external appearance (scarring), firmness, and sugar content. Stink bug injury increased with advancing fruit development stages; fruit exposed to BMSB had significantly more holes and stylet sheaths than did controls (p < 0.05, all stages), but feeding did not induce differences in fruit quality measurements. Feeding caused complete abscission of harvestable fruits in the early fruit stage (proportion for nymph and adult = 0%, for control = 98%; p < 0.0001), but not in other stages. BMSB management targeted to protection of early fruit development stages, prior to pit hardening, appears to be the most critical for prevention of tart cherry crop loss. This same study was conducted in peaches for the bud and early fruit stages. The peach orchard experienced spring frost damage to buds and flowers causing a low fruit set. Obj. 3. Determine efficiency of traps and lures for BMSB across seasonal and phenological timings. In 2018, a total of 1,157 BMSB (646 adults and 51 nymphs) were caught in traps (fewer than in 2017); peak capture was during July in urban sites, and during September in orchard and vegetable sites (later than in 2017). In ornamental landscapes, the majority of adults and nymphs were caught in pyramid traps [564 in pyramid (240 adults and 324 nymphs), 168 on sticky (119 adults and 49 nymphs), and 65 in funnel (39 adults and 26 nymphs)]. In orchards, the majority of bugs were also caught in pyramid traps [134 on pyramid (77 adults and 57 nymphs) vs. 18 in sticky traps (16 adults and 2 nymphs)] (differed in 2017). Pyramid traps were placed in vegetable sites in 2018 (compared to only sticky traps in 2017). Pyramid traps also had higher numbers [149 bugs in pyramid (110 adults and 39 nymphs) vs. 59 in sticky traps (45 adults and 14 nymphs)]. The extreme heat and drought in 2018 likely played a role in reducing BMSB populations and trap capture. Obj. 4. Determine the impact of native and introduced beneficial predators and parasitoids on BMSB. In 2018, 102 lab-reared BMSB egg masses, and three wild BMSB egg masses, were deployed in urban-suburban and agricultural landscapes of northern Utah from June to October to detect parasitoids. Sentinel eggs were attached to the underside of catalpa, black locust, boxelder, eastern redbud, apple, peach, apricot, tart cherry and sunflower. Parasitoids were collected parasitizing 12 BMSB egg masses (11.8% of deployed masses). None of the wasps from 2018 collections have been identified yet. We also retrieved 20 egg masses (from both BMSB and native stink bugs), with four parasitoids actively stinging the eggs upon collection (20% of egg masses), which have not yet been identified. Yellow sticky cards were deployed in urban-suburban and agricultural sites to attract predators and parasitoids. Removal of insects from traps, and initial identification, are still underway. The parasitoid genus Trissolcus was the most common parasitoid wasp detected. Identification to species remains to be completed. Obj. 5. Conduct educational outreach to fruit and vegetable producers, crop consultants, educators, and community and home gardener audiences. The PI and graduate students all contributed to outreach education presentations and products developed and delivered in 2018. The team published a Utah State University Extension fact sheet on BMSB management, published an updated plant host list online, expanded BMSB resources on the USU Extension Cooperative Agricultural Pest Survey Program website (including a public BMSB sighting report page), and published BMSB activity and management updates in the USU Extension IPM Advisories. Publications: Spears, L., D. Alston, and M. Murray. 2018. Brown marmorated stink bug management for fruits and vegetables in Utah. ENT-187-18, 6 pp. (August 2018), Utah State University Extension, Logan, UT. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2906&context=extension_curall BMSB Plant Hosts of Utah: https://utahpests.usu.edu/caps/bmsb-host-plants Report an Invasive Pest in Utah: https://utahpests.usu.edu/caps/report-invasive-pest USU Extension Pest Advisories: https://pestadvisories.usu.edu/ Evaluation tools: the team conducted a stakeholder survey during the 2018 Utah State Horticulture Association Convention (January 17-19). Eighteen growers reported that they are very concerned about BMSB, 14 reported that they were somewhat concerned, 1 person was not at all concerned, and 2 people was unsure. The area of BMSB research that was of most interest to convention attendees was biological control (18), followed by insecticides (15), monitoring/threshold (14), cultural control (9), and phenology models (3).
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Alston, D. G. (Presenter & Author), Utah Public Radio Green Thumb Show, "Fun insect biology and pest management facts," Utah Public Radio, Logan, UT. (January 2018 - December 2018)
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Withers, J. (Presenter & Author), Linford, L. (Presenter & Author), Holthouse, M. C. (Author Only), Alston, D. G. (Author Only), Biology Undergraduate Student Research Symposium, "Detection of microsporidia and nematode pathogens in the brown marmorated stink bug," Department of Biology, Logan, UT. (November 28, 2018)
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Mizuno, Y. (Presenter & Author), Holthouse, M. C. (Author Only), Schumm, Z. (Author Only), Alston, D. G. (Author Only), Biology Undergraduate Student Research Symposium, "Inhabitation status of egg parasitoid wasps of brown marmorated stink bug, Halymorpha halys (Stal) in Utah," Department of Biology, Logan, UT. (November 28, 2018)
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Schumm, Z. (Presenter & Author), Alston, D. G. (Author Only), Spears, L. (Author Only), Entomological Society of America Joint Annual Meeting, "Brown marmorated stink bug feeding damage on tart cherry in Utah," Entomological Society of America, Canadian Entomological Society, Vancouver, BC, Canada. (November 11, 2018 - November 14, 2018)
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Alston, D. G. (Presenter & Author), Spears, L. (Author Only), Holthouse, M. C. (Author Only), Schumm, Z. (Author Only), Cannon, C. (Author Only), Entomological Society of America Joint Annual Meeting, "Status of BMSB in Utah: a mountain west state," Entomological Society of America, Canadian Entomological Society, Vancouver, BC, Canada. (November 11, 2018 - November 14, 2018)
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Holthouse, M. C. (Presenter & Author), Alston, D. G. (Author Only), Spears, L. (Author Only), Entomological Society of America Joint Annual Meeting, "Tracking brown marmorated stink bug in Utah's urban-agricultural landscapes," Entomological Society of America, Canadian Entomological Society, Vancouver, BC, Canada. (November 11, 2018 - November 14, 2018)
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Holthouse, M. C. (Presenter & Author), Alston, D. G. (Author Only), Spears, L. (Author Only), Pacific Branch of the Entomological Society of America 102nd Annual Meeting, "Brown marmorated stink bug in the urban landscape of northern Utah: host plants, trap efficacy and biological control," Pacific Branch of the Entomological Society of America, Reno, NV. (June 10, 2018 - June 13, 2018)
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Schumm, Z. (Presenter & Author), Alston, D. G. (Author Only), Spears, L. (Author Only), Pacific Branch of the Entomological Society of America 102nd Annual Meeting, "Brown marmorated stink bug overwintering success and survey for natural enemies in Utah," Pacific Branch of the Entomological Society of America, Reno, NV. (June 10, 2018 - June 13, 2018)
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Alston, D. G. (Presenter & Author), Spears, L. (Author Only), Holthouse, M. C. (Author Only), Schumm, Z. (Author Only), Pacific Branch of the Entomological Society of America 102nd Annual Meeting, "Impact of BMSB on fruit and vegetable production in Utah, a Mountain West State," Pacific Branch of the Entomological Society of America, Reno, NV. (June 10, 2018 - June 13, 2018)
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Alston, D. G. (Presenter & Author), Mountainland Tree Fruit Grower Meetings, "Tree fruit pest management update sessions," Mountainland Packing, Santaquin, UT. (March 27, 2018 - May 8, 2018)
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Alston, D. G. (Presenter & Author), USU Extension Master Gardener Course, "IPM concepts and common fruit and vegetable insect and mite pests," USU Extension, West Jordan, Lehi and Provo, UT. (February 13, 2018 - February 15, 2018)
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Alston, D. G. (Presenter & Author), USU Extension Master Gardener Course, "Integrated pest management for the garden and landscape: insect and mite pests," USU Extension, Kanab, St. George, and Cedar City, UT. (February 6, 2018 - February 8, 2018)
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Alston, D. G. (Presenter & Author), Murray, M. (Author Only), Northern Utah Fruit Growers Meeting, "New codling moth biofix model and cat-facing insect update," Utah State University Extension, Brigham City, UT. (February 1, 2018)
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Spears, L. (Presenter & Author), Holthouse, C. (Author Only), Schumm, Z. (Author Only), Cannon, C. (Author Only), Alston, D. G., Orchard Pest and Disease Management Conference, "Invasion history of brown marmorated stink bug in Utah," OPDMC, Portland, OR. (January 10, 2018 - January 12, 2018)
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