Progress 10/01/19 to 09/30/20
Outputs
Target Audience:Dietary bioactive chemicals are defined in this proposal as naturally occurring substances produced by plants or microbes that exert beneficial or undesirable effects when they are consumed or produced by human or microbial metabolism in the body. How these chemicals influence human health, disease development, and food safety is important to everyone. Understanding how to enhance the benefits or minimize the risks of specific dietary compounds is important for agricultural producers, food processors, healthcare professionals, and policy makers charged with determining optimal human nutrition requirements and maintaining the safety of the food supply. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?This project has provided training to visiting scholars, Postdoctoral Fellows, PhD students, technicians, and undergraduate student interns. The individuals on the project received training from Dr. Marco on probiotic bacteria, fermented foods, fermentable fibers/prebiotics, gut microbiology, and mechanisms of intestinal inflammation and diet-induced obesity. These individuals are responsible for conducting animal and bacteriology experiments well as analyzing results in cooperation with Dr. Marco. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Dissemination events include conference presentations, published journal articles, and consultations with local and international food processors and members of the media. Dissemination of knowledge beyond a scientific audience has included on-site tours of the research laboratory and description of the research program to university students, international visitors, casual visitors to the university (members of the public) and stakeholders (representing industrial sectors related to food science, nutrition, and health). What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Activities for the next reporting period encompass the further development of objective 1 to achieve the goals of the project. Specifically in Objective 1 we are examining the effects of phytochemicals and other dietary components on the gut microbiota and intestinal function. We will perform metagenome DNA sequencing to identify the functional genes present in intestinal contents. We will also perform gene knockout and overexpression studies to elucidate the specific mechanisms of beneficial bacteria function in the intestine.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Progress this year was made for investigations on health-benefiting effects of fermented foods and probiotic bacteria. Specifically, we investigated how proteins and metabolites made by Lactiplantibacillus (Lactobacillus) plantarum contained in fresh, fermented fruits and vegetables and ingested as probiotics can stimulate intestinal epithelial cell repair. These studies took the form of tests of cells and metabolites on human intestinal cells in vitro in the laboratory and by the study of the cellular, genetic, and biochemical basis for the outcomes. One particular emphasis was on a specific anti-bacterial (bacteriocin) made by L. plantarum in foods and the digestive tract. We showed that this bacteriocin changes intracellular metal homeostasis in sensitive bacterial cells as well as the intestinal epithelium. In a different vein of the research, we pursued studies to understand how L. plantarum can reduce its extracellular environment through extracellular electron transport pathways. This activity is important in the production of fermented foods and may be useful for modifying the intestinal environment to reduce oxidative stress. Outputs of these studies included peer-reviewed publications, presentations, and the completion of a PhD thesis on the diversity of lactic acid bacteria on plants, including agricultural crops. We also continued our investigations to elucidate how resistant starch type 2 (RS2) and other dietary fibers, including whole grains (WG), may reduce the risk for obesity and type 2 diabetes as a consequence of stimulating (and minimizing) growth of certain bacteria in the large intestine. This work included metataxonomic and metatranscriptomic analysis of intestinal microbiota in response to RS2 and WG diet consumption in the presence of moderate or high levels of fat intake. The findings showed that refined, high-amylose maize high in RS2 results in much greater changes to the intestinal ecosystem than WG, regardless of dietary fat consumed. Besides leading to taxonomic changes, RS2 conferred increased expression of microbial genes specific for starch breakdown as well as genes required for protein folding and stability, possibly due to reductions in lumenal pH. Combining RS2 and WG in the same diet resulted in intermediate rather than additive effects of either diet alone. These findings together with the observed changes in intestinal metabolites (short chain fatty acids) show that future studies may lead to the fine-tuning of dietary fiber composition so that it is more useful for targeting selected bacterial taxa in the intestine that may be needed to achieve a specific and intended health outcome.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Zachary A. Bendiks, Knud E.B. Knudsen, Michael J. Keenan, and Maria L. Marco. 2020. Conserved and variable responses of the gut microbiome to resistant starch type 2. Nutrition Research. 77:12-28. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2020.02.009
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Derrick Risner, Maria L. Marco, Sara A. Pace, and Edward S. Spang. 2020. The potential production of the bioactive compound pinene using whey permeate. Processes. 8(3), 263; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8030263
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
. Riley L. Hughes, Mary E. Kable, Maria L. Marco, Nancy L. Keim, 2019. The role of the gut microbiome in predicting response to diet and the development of precision nutrition models. Part II: Results. Advances in Nutrition. Nov 1;10(6):979-998. https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmz049
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Dietary modulation of the gut microbiota to improve and sustain health: the gut microbiome. Nutrient delivery and impact on human health workshop sponsored by the International Center for Mechanical Sciences, Udine Italy
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Invited Speaker. Foods-Guts-Microbes. Pioneer High school Woodland, CA
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Solomon A. Mekonnen, Daniel Merenstein, Claire M. Fraser, and Maria L. Marco. 2020. Molecular mechanisms of probiotic prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Current Opinion in Biotechnology. 61:226-234
|
Progress 10/01/18 to 09/30/19
Outputs
Target Audience:Dietary bioactive chemicals are defined in this proposal as naturally occurring substances produced by plants or microbes that exert beneficial or undesirable effects when they are consumed or produced by human or microbial metabolism in the body. How these chemicals influence human health, disease development, and food safety is important to everyone. Understanding how to enhance the benefits or minimize the risks of specific dietary compounds is important for agricultural producers, food processors, healthcare professionals, and policy makers charged with determining optimal human nutrition requirements and maintaining the safety of the food supply. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?This project has provided training to visiting scholars, Postdoctoral Fellows, PhD students, technicians, and undergraduate student interns. The individuals on the project received training from Dr. Marco on probiotic bacteria, fermentable fibers, gut microbiology, and mechanisms of intestinal inflammation and diet-induced obesity. These individuals are responsible for conducting animal and bacteriology experiments well as analyzing results in cooperation with Dr. Marco. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Dissemination events include conference presentations, published journal articles, and consultations with local and international food processors and members of the media. Dissemination of knowledge beyond a scientific audience has included on-site tours of the research laboratory and description of the research program to university students, international visitors, casual visitors to the university (members of the public) and stakeholders (representing industrial sectors related to food science, nutrition, and health). What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Activities for the next reporting period encompass the further development of objective 1 to achieve the goals of the project. Specifically in Objective 1 we are examining the effects of phytochemicals and other dietary components on the gut microbiota and intestinal function. We will perform metagenome DNA sequencing to identify the functional genes present in human rodent intestinal contents. We will also perform gene knockout and overexpression studies to elucidate the specific mechanisms of beneficial bacteria function in the intestine.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Progress this year included experiments examining the impact of dietary fermentable fibers on the structure and function of the gut microbiome. We tested several forms of a dietary fiber known as a resistant starch to examine how the differences in fiber structure affect host cellular responses to diets high in animal protein and fats. The findings showed that not all forms of dietary fiber are equivalent in their capacity to modulate the gut microbiota, and correspondingly host responses. Our results show that dietary fiber containing multiple fiber types (e.g. in the form of whole grains) are most likely to benefit human health as indicated by they way they support gut microbiota diversity and intestinal cell responses via the production of SCFA and other metabolites. Also in our research, we continued to pursue the health-benefiting effects of probiotic bacteria. This work is aimed to mitigate the risks of Western diets high in fats and sugars and includes studies designed to uncover the mechanistic basis for probiotic conferred health benefits. Outputs on these studies included the completion of a PhD thesis on an antimicrobial made by certain probiotic Lactobacillus species and the development of a new direction investigating how the oxidation state of the intestine could alter probiotic and host cell responses. These findings show that specific bioactive compounds made by bacteria in fermented foods and the intestine are sufficient to improve gut barrier integrity and systemic metabolism.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Departmental seminar series invited speaker. Ecological and functional interactions of Lactobacillus plantarum in the digestive tract. Department of Food Science and Nutrition Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO (2018 October 25)
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Invited speaker. Improving health with microbes, Natural Products Expo, Anaheim, CA (2019 March 9)
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Invited speaker. Use of Lactobacillus to off-set the effects of obesogenic diets, American Society for Microbiology Annual Conference, San Francisco, CA. (2019 June 22)
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Zachary A. Bendiks, Justin Guice, Diana Carvajal-Aldez, Ryan Page, Anne M Raggio, Holiday A Durham, James Geaghan, David Welsh, Christopher Taylor, Meng Luo, Eugene Banks, Christine Pelkman, Claudia Husseneder, Roy Martin, Diana Coulon, Michael J Keenan, Maria L. Marco. Fermentable dietary fibers differentially alter the rat gut microbiome . FoodMicro 2018
(September 1-4, 2018).
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Eric T. Stevens, Sara T. Sanz, Samuel H. Light, Caroline M. Ajo-Franklin, Maria L. Marco. Electro-fermentation potential of Lactobacillus plantarum. Molecular Foundry 2019 Annual User Meeting, Berkeley, CA (August 21-22, 2019).
- Type:
Theses/Dissertations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Heeney, Dustin. Doctoral Dissertation. The bacterial protein targeted by the class IIb bacteriocin plantaricin EF and the potential of plantaricin EF to improve metabolic health (2019)
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Tina S. Nielsen, Zach Bendiks, Bo Thomsen, Matthew E. Wright, Peter K. Theil, Benjamin L. Scherer, and Maria L. Marco. 2019. High-amylose maize, potato and butyrylated starch modulate large intestinal fermentation, microbial composition and oncogenic miRNA expression in rats fed a high protein meat diet. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20(9).
|
Progress 02/01/18 to 09/30/18
Outputs
Target Audience:Dietary bioactive chemicals are defined in this proposal as naturally occurring substances produced by plants or microbes that exert beneficial or undesirable effects when they are consumed or produced by human or microbial metabolism in the body. How these chemicals influence human health, disease development, and food safety is important to everyone. Understanding how to enhance the benefits or minimize the risks of specific dietary compounds is important for agricultural producers, food processors, healthcare professionals, and policy makers charged with determining optimal human nutrition requirements and maintaining the safety of the food supply. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?This project has provided training to visiting scholars, Postdoctoral Fellows, PhD students, technicians, and undergraduate student interns. The individuals on the project received training from Dr. Marco on probiotic bacteria, fermentable fibers, gut microbiology, and mechanisms of intestinal inflammation and diet-induced obesity. These individuals are responsible for conducting animal and bacteriology experiments well as analyzing results in cooperation with Dr. Marco. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Dissemination events include conference presentations, published journal articles, and consultations with local and international food processors and members of the media. Dissemination of knowledge beyond a scientific audience has included on-site tours of the research laboratory and description of the research program to university students, international visitors, casual visitors to the university (members of the public) and stakeholders (representing industrial sectors related to food science, nutrition, and health). What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Activities for the next reporting period encompass the further development of objective 1 to achieve the goals of the project. Specifically in Objective 1 we are examining the effects of phytochemicals and other dietary components on the gut microbiota and intestinal function. We will perform metagenome DNA sequencing to identify the functional genes present in human rodent intestinal contents. We will also perform gene knockout and overexpression studies to elucidate the specific mechanisms of beneficial bacteria function in the intestine.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Genomics methods were applied to determine how the gut microbiota respond to increased dietary fiber and to correlate those responses to reductions of obesity and type 2 diabetes risk in rodent models and humans. We tested the hypothesis that secreted peptides made by probiotic bacteria are effectors that modulate intestinal epithelial barrier function.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Dustin D. Heeney, Zhengyuan Zhai, Zach Bendiks, Javad Barouei, Alice Martinic, Carolyn Slupsky, and Maria L. Marco. 2018. Lactobacillus plantarum bacteriocin maintains epithelial barrier integrity to reduce diet-induced obesity. Gut Microbes https://doi.org/10.1080/19490976.2018.1534513
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Kara Marlatt, Ursula White, Robbie Beyl, Courtney Peterson, Corby Martin, Maria L. Marco, Michael Keenan, Roy Martin, Kayanush Aryana, and Eric Ravussin. 2017 Role of Resistant Starch on Diabetes Risk Factors in People with Prediabetes: Design, Conduct, and Baseline Results of the STARCH Trial. Journal of Contemporary Clinical Trials. 65:99-108. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2017.12.005
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Courtney M. Peterson, Robbie A. Beyl, Kara L. Marlatt, Corby K. Martin, Kayanush J. Aryana, Maria L. Marco, Michael J. Keenan, and Eric Ravussin. Effect of 12 weeks of resistant starch supplementation on cardiometabolic risk factors in adults with prediabetes: a randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 108(3) 492 -501. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqy121
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Knud Erik Bach Knudsen, Helle N. Lærke, Mette Skou Hedemann, Tina Skau Nielsen, Anne Krog Ingerslev, Ditte Sivsø Gundelund, Peter K Theil, Stig Purup, Stine Hald, Anne Grete Schioldan, Maria L. Marco, Søren Gregersen, Kjeld Hermansen. Impact of diet-modulated butyrate production on intestinal barrier function and inflammation. Nutrients 10(10), 1499. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10101499
|
|