Progress 03/01/18 to 02/28/23
Outputs
(N/A)
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
We have accomplished all the major objectives as outlined in the original grant and the updated plans of work for each yearly report. Our major findings are outlined below: Consumption of the total Western diet (TWD) in mice has been shown to increase gut inflammation, promote colon tumorigenesis, and alter fecal microbiome composition when compared to mice fed a healthy diet, i.e., AIN93G (AIN). However, it is unclear whether the gut microbiome contributes directly to colitis-associated CRC in this model. The objective of this study was to determine whether dynamic fecal microbiota transfer (FMT) from donor mice fed either the AIN basal diet or the TWD would alter colitis symptoms or colitis-associated CRC in recipient mice, which were fed either the AIN diet or the TWD, using a 2 × 2 factorial experiment design. Time-matched FMT from the donor mice fed the TWD did not significantly enhance symptoms of colitis, colon epithelial inflammation, mucosal injury, or colon tumor burden in the recipient mice fed the AIN diet. Conversely, FMT from the AIN-fed donors did not impart a protective effect on the recipient mice fed the TWD. Likewise, the composition of fecal microbiomes of the recipient mice was also affected to a much greater extent by the diet they consumed than by the source of FMT. In summary, FMT from the donor mice fed either basal diet with differing colitis or tumor outcomes did not shift colitis symptoms or colon tumorigenesis in the recipient mice, regardless of the basal diet they consumed. These observations suggest that the gut microbiome may not contribute directly to the development of disease in this animal model. Black raspberries (BRB) are rich in anthocyanins with purported anti-inflammatory properties. However, it is not known whether dietary supplementation would ameliorate Western-diet enhanced gut inflammation and colon tumorigenesis. We employed a mouse model of colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) to determine the effects of dietary supplementation with 5 to 10% (w/w) whole, freeze-dried BRB in male C57BL/6J mice fed either a standard healthy diet (AIN93G) or the total Western diet (TWD). In a pilot study, BRB suppressed colitis and colon tumorigenesis while also shifting the composition of the fecal microbiome in favor of taxa with purported health benefits, including Bifidobacterium pseudolongum. In a follow-up experiment using a 2 × 2 factorial design with AIN and TWD basal diets with and without 10% (w/w) BRB, supplementation with BRB reduced tumor multiplicity and increased colon length, irrespective of the basal diet, but it did not apparently affect colitis symptoms, colon inflammation or mucosal injury based on histopathological findings. However, BRB intake increased alpha diversity, altered beta diversity and changed the relative abundance of Erysipelotrichaceae, Bifidobacteriaceae, Streptococcaceae, Rikenellaceae, Ruminococcaceae and Akkermansiaceae, among others, of the fecal microbiome. Notably, changes in microbiome profiles were inconsistent with respect to the basal diet consumed. Overall, these studies provide equivocal evidence for in vivo anti-inflammatory effects of BRB on colitis and colon tumorigenesis; yet, BRB supplementation led to dynamic changes in the fecal microbiome composition over the course of disease development.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Rodriguez, D. M., Hintze, K. J., Rompato, G., Van Wettere, A., Ward, R. E., Phatak, S., Neal, C., Armbrust, T., Stewart, E., Thomas, A., & Benninghoff, A. (2022, December 10). Dietary supplementation with black raspberries altered the gut microbiome composition in a mouse model of colitis-associated colorectal cancer, although with differing effects for a healthy versus a Western basal diet. Nutrients, 14, 5270.
|
Progress 03/01/21 to 02/28/22
Outputs
Target Audience:global scientific community Changes/Problems:As the full results for aim 1 were revealed, including all tumor phenotypic data as well as the full microbiome results, we determined that the hypothesis that changes in the microbiome caused by dietary supplementation with whole black raspberries (BRB) appeared not to be linked to tumor outcomes. More specifically, while BRB supplementation did substantially alter the microbiome in favor of some health-promoting taxa, as we anticipated, BRB supplementation did not alter inflammation in the gut nor reduce tumorigenesis in mice fed either a standard diet or a Western diet. A few select results are provided below to illustrate these findings, selected from recent presentations to the American Society of Nutrition and the American Council for Medicinally Active Plants. These results are being prepared for publication, with anticipated submission to Nutrients. The lack of an effect of BRB on inflammation and tumorigenesis in this NIFA project was a surprise, given that these data contradicted the pilot data used to support the proposed project. In both the pilot study and the funded NIFA study, however, we did observe profound changes in the microbiome with BRB supplementation. At this time, we do not have a robust explanation for this difference (the same source of BRB was used, same mouse strain, same mouse vendor, same breeding protocols, same dosing protocols, etc.), other than such effects are notoriously challenging to reproduce. Indeed, exceedingly few research groups have shown repeated effects of dietary supplementation with polyphenols in separate studies, which suggests that this issue of reproducibility is one that needs greater attention by the research community. With this finding in hand, performing the large-scale gene expression analyses to determine effects of BRB on inflammation pathways was not useful, as we saw no effects on histological inflammation measures nor symptoms of colitis. The resulting data would likely only confirm that consumption of the TWD promotes these inflammatory gene expression pathways, a finding that has already been published [1]. This change in the plan has left a sizable budget remainder, with which we asked USDA NIFA to pursue an alternative approach as outlined above as the plan of work for the next budget period. 1. Benninghoff, A.D., et al., Nutrients, 2020. 12(2). What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?One graduate student, Daphne Rodriguez, has overseen this work as part of her dissertation research. She has participated in several professional development workshops (research presentations, data management, etc.) and training series offered by our Graduate School. She presented her research at the American Society of Nutrition conference in June 2021, which was held as a virtual conference due to the pandemic. Additionally, in the past year, four undergraduate students worked as laboratory research assistants on this project, where they learned about experiment design, animal husbandry, study management, animal necropsy, data analysis and presentation preparation. Students also learned bench life science skills through the preparation of fecal samples for high-throughput sequencing. All students interacted closely with the PI through weekly meetings or one-on-one appointments, and these students worked very closely with other research personnel, including other graduate students. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Preliminary results of this work were shared at the American Society of Nutrition annual meeting in 2021. Students also presented at local meetings, including an undergraduate research conference and our university's research week event. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?In early 2022 a second no-cost extension was approved for this project (details below in changes/problems). In the last year of this project, we propose to extend the work beyond black raspberries as the outcomes for this function food with respect to inflammation and colon tumor measures were equivocal when comparing between the pilot study that supported this project and the data resulting from Aim 1. An alternative approach, should we not see a benefit of black raspberries for prevention of inflammation-associated colorectal cancer, was to consider other functional food items. Cocoa powder contains high amounts of flavonoids, including the monomers (-)-epicatechin and catechin and various catechin-based polymers, termed procyanidins. Some cocoa-derived products can deliver as much or more polyphenolic antioxidants as other fruit or tea products. Most in vivo studies on the effects of cocoa polyphenols have employed cocoa powder or a commercial cocoa or chocolate product enriched in polyphenols. Supplementation with a cocoa polyphenol-rich extract suppressed DSS-induced acute ulcerative colitis in mice, with corresponding suppression of nitric oxide production, COX2 expression and active STAT1 and STAT3 transcription factors [1]. Consumption of a cocoa-rich diet (up to 12% w/w) also reduced development of pre-neoplastic lesions in rats initiated with AOM [2, 3]. In healthy human volunteers, consumption of a cocoa drink with high polyphenol content for 4 wk significantly increased Bifidobacteriumspp. as well as Lactobacillusand Enterococcusspp., while abundance of C. histolyticumwas reduced [4]. Cocoa consumption in rats was also shown to modulate the gut microbiome, leading to a decrease in abundance of members of the Bacteroides, Clostridiumand Staphylococcusgenera, but no apparent changes in abundance of Lactobacilllusor Bifidobacterium[5]. Finally, a number of reports have shown that cocoa proanthocyanidins are metabolized by the gut microbiome [6, 7]. In a one-year no-cost extension, we plan to replicate Aim 1 of the original proposal using cocoa powder (CP) at a similar dosing level to black raspberries (BRB). CP will be obtained as the flavanol-rich supplement CocoaVia® (Mars, Inc.), which yields approximately 55 mg flavanols/g powder. Prior studies have employed cocoa-rich diets that typically yield 1 g flavanols/kg diet [2, 8, 9], requiring addition of cocoa to the basal diet at concentrations ranging from 10 to 12% (w/w). However, the corresponding amounts of cocoa are not reasonably achievable in the human diet using those cocoa sources. The CocoaVia product is generated through a patented extraction process that preserves and enriches cocoa flavanols to a much greater extent that traditional cocoa powders [10]. Because the CocoaVia CP supplement is substantially more enriched in flavanols, the planned study will require adding this CP to the diet at only a 2% (w/w) concentration to achieve a similar flavanol content (1.1 g/kg diet). In this NCE project, we will have the capacity to test a single concentration of CP; a positive outcome would prompt further investigations using a dose-response with a lower concentration of 0.4% (w/w), corresponding to a daily half serving of the flavanol-rich CocoaVia supplement or a single 100 g serving of unsweetened baker's chocolate. Prior to use in the animal studies, the coca powder will be subjected to analytical testing for micronutrient composition, including a complete profile of polyphenols, using the services of the Food Composition Laboratory at the Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University. Diets will be prepared by Envigo Research Models and Services (formerly Harlan Teklad), with whom we have worked extensively on related projects. Importantly, the profile of polyphenols in cocoa is quite distinct from BRB, those these polyphenols have also been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects. Thus, although our work with BRB was contradictory in terms of tumor response, we may have different a different outcome with a different polyphenol profile. Our experimental design will mimic that of the original Aim 1, using 2x2 design testing the AIN standard diet and the total Western diet (TWD) each with/without 2% cocoa powder (CP) as outlined in Figure 6, however we will truncate the study timeline to 47 days. Our group has shown in more than five repeated studies that in this model of colitis-associated colorectal cancer, symptoms of colitis measured by the disease activity index and histopathology assessment of colon inflammation and mucosa injury positively correlate with tumor multiplicity and tumor burden. As our goal is to understand the interactions of basal diet and polyphenols with the gut microbiome during the early stages of disease development, an assessment of tumors is not needed. This change also reduces the number of animals needed for the experiment, which is in line with the need of the scientific community to reduce, refine and replace animal models. 1. Andujar, I., et al., J Agric Food Chem, 2011. 59(12):6474-83. 2. Rodriguez-Ramiro, I., et al., Mol. Nutr. Food Res., 2011. 55(12):1895-9. 3. Hong, M.Y., et al., Nutr Cancer, 2013. 65(5):677-85. 4. Martin, F.P., et al., J. Proteome Res., 2012. 11(12):6252-63. 5. Massot-Cladera, M., et al., Arch Biochem Biophys, 2012. 527(2):105-12. 6. Fogliano, V., et al., Mol. Nutr. Food Res., 2011. 55 Suppl 1:S44-55. 7. Tzounis, X., et al., Br. J. Nutr., 2008. 99(4):782-92. 8. Massot-Cladera, M., et al., Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 2012. 527(2):105-12. 9. Rodriguez-Ramiro, I., et al., Br. J. Nutr., 2013. 110(2):206-15. 10. Romanczyk, L.J., et al., U.S. Patent, Editor. 1996, Mars, Incorporated, McLean, Va: USA.1-107.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
At this point, the two key animal studies for Aims 1 and 2 have been completed and all the data analyzed, including statistical analyses of the phenotype data (body weight, body composition, food and energy intakes, colitis symptoms, histopathology, tumor outcomes, etc.) and microbiome data (alpha and beta diversity and metagenomeSeq and lefse analysis to identify differentially abundant taxa). The paper for results from aim 1 is in final edits for submission, and the manuscript for aim 2 is in preparation.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Aardema, N. D., Rodriguez, D. M., Van Wettere, A., Benninghoff, A., & Hintze, K. J. (2021, March 09). The Western Dietary Pattern Combined with Vancomycin-Mediated Changes to the Gut Microbiome Exacerbates Colitis Severity and Colon Tumorigenesis. Nutrients, 13(3), 881.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Gilley, K. N., Wierenga, K. A., Chauhuan, P. S., Wagner, J. G., Lewandowski, R. P., Ross, E. A., Lock, A. L., Harkema, J. R., Benninghoff, A., & Pestka, J. J. (2020, May 15). Influence of total western diet on docosahexaenoic acid suppression of silica-triggered lupus flaring in NZBWF1 mice. Plos One, 15(5), e0233183.
|
Progress 03/01/20 to 02/28/21
Outputs
Target Audience:global scientific community Changes/Problems:The findings from the black raspberry (BRB) study have proved very interesting, and rather complicated in terms of plans moving forward. First, though the preliminary study suggested a robust effect of BRB supplementation on symptoms of colitis and tumorigenesis in our mouse model of inflammation-associated colorectal carcinogenesis, the larger study completed in Aim 1 appears not to have replicated that observation. Yet, we did observe very marked changes in the microbiome. Given the increasingly recognized problems in reproducibility of dietary intervention microbiome studies, we think that one additional study with BRB to attempt to verify either the preliminary study or the results for Aim 1 is needed. Thus, this will be accomplished in the next year. A no-cost extension for this project was approved. As noted above, the progress for this work is highly affected by the university's response to the pandemic, as well as ongoing effects on supply chain. Many of the reagents needed for processing samples for sequencing are the same as needed for covid testing, and thus have been very limited in availability. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?One graduate student, Daphne Rodriguez, has overseen this work as part of her dissertation research. She has participated in several professional development workshops (research presentations, data management, etc.) and training series offered by our Graduate School. She presented her research at the American Society of Nutrition conference in June 2020, which was held as a virtual conference due to the pandemic. Additionally, in the past year, four undergraduate students worked as laboratory research assistants on this project, where they learned about experiment design, animal husbandry, study management, animal necropsy, data analysis and presentation preparation. Students also learned bench life science skills through the preparation of fecal samples for high-throughput sequencing. All students interacted closely with the PI through weekly meetings or one-on-one appointments, and these students worked very closely with other research personnel, including other graduate students. During the time when research activities were largely restricted due to the pandemic, students still interacted remotely and engaged in literature review and journal club discussions. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Preliminary results of this work was shared at the American Society of Nutrition annual meeting. Students also presented at local meetings, including an undergraduate research conference and our university's research week event. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Delays in progressing through sample analyses are ongoing due to supply chain problems. However, we expect to complete the microbiome sequencing for Aim 2 in the next year. We expect to complete all statistical analyses of Aim 1 and prepare the first manuscript for publication.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
The past year was markedly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, which lead to delays in the start of the second animal study (modified as outlined in the prior report) and subsequent sample analyses. In this third year of the project, we completed analysis of the gut microbiome samples from Aim 1. The animal study for aim 2 (fecal transfer from mice fed either standard diet or Western diet to recipient mice fed either standard or Western diet, in a 2x2 design) was also completed. In addition, the graduate student and PI have focused on further developing analytical and data visualization skills, particularly as pertaining to the microbiome data. For example, both have learned a new platform Microbiome Analyst and have expanded analyses to include functional diversity analysis, which had not been part of our repertoire previously.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Presentations
Benninghoff, A. (Presenter Only), Rodriguez, D. (Author Only), Hintze, K. J. (Author Only), American Council on Medicinally Active Plants 10th Annual Conference, "Dynamics of the gut microbiome in response to dietary intervention with black raspberries in the context of a standard or Western type diet in a mouse model of inflammation-associated colorectal cancer," Virtual. (June 24, 2021 - June 25, 2021)
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Presentations
Rodriguez, D. (Presenter & Author), Owens (Author Only), Bartlett, A. (Author Only), Mortensen, E. (Author Only), Horrocks, A. (Author Only), Hintze, K. J. (Author Only), Benninghoff, A., Nutrition 2021, "Black raspberry supplementation alters the gut microbiome and improves alpha diversity in a mouse model of inflammation-associated colorectal cancer," American Society of Nutrition, Virtual. (June 7, 2021 - June 10, 2021)
|
Progress 03/01/19 to 02/29/20
Outputs
Target Audience:Research scientists Changes/Problems:We are still keen to apply a fecal microbiome transfer approach to better understand the contribution of the gut microbiome - especially one influenced by a Western dietary pattern - on gut inflammation and tumorigenesis, as this is a main goal of the project. However, to include a BRB intervention arm at this point would not be appropriate, as the study from which the fecal samples were obtained demonstrated (based on our preliminary assessment) no strong benefit. Thus, with the modification to focus on the two basal diets, we think our alternate strategy will the best use of resources to generate impactful data. Aim 2 will be modified to be a cross-over fecal transfer study using the azoxymethane+dextran sodium sulfate model of inflammation-associated colorectal carcinogenesis as follows: G1 will be fed standard AIN diet and transplanted with fecal microbiota from mice fed AIN diet in Aim 1 (negative control group, typified by no to mild inflammation and low tumor response); G2 will be fed AIN diet and given microbiota from mice fed the total western diet (TWD) in Aim 1 (should increase inflammation and tumor response relative to G1); G3 will be fed TWD and given microbiota from mice fed AIN diet in Aim 1 (should decrease inflammation and tumor response relative to G4); and G4 will be fed TWD and given microbiota from mice fed TWD diet in Aim 1 (positive control group, typified by high inflammation and very high tumor response). Assessments will be as outlined in Aim 2 of the original project proposal. To address the question of the reproducibility of the BRB study, the PI has prepared an exploratory grant to the AFRI foundational RFA to better understand the contributions of anthocyanin from diverse food sources (including black raspberries, red raspberries, strawberries, chokeberries, bilberries, elderberry, etc.) to changes in the microbiome, with the issue of reproducibility as a main feature. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?One graduate student, Daphne Rodriguez, has largely overseen this work as part of her dissertation research. She has participated in several professional development workshops (research presentations, data management, etc.) and training series offered by our Graduate School. She has presented her research at the national American Society for Nutrition annual conference (2019). Additionally, five undergraduate students participated routinely in this project, where they learned about experiment design, animal husbandry, study management, animal necropsy, data analysis and presentation preparation. These students included two in our university Honors program, one of whom completed a capstone project and the other who completed an honors contract experience associated with this work. All students interacted closely with the PI through weekly meetings or one-on-one appointments, and these students worked very closely with other research personnel, including other graduate students. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Preliminary results of this work were presented at the American Society for Nutrition annual meeting 2019. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Based on our preliminary observations of colitis disease activity for the repeated experiment in Aim 1, we do not expect to see robust benefit of 10%BRB in this project, which contradicts rather surprisingly with results of the preliminary data that were gathered in support of the grant proposal application. We are proceeding with assessment of gut microbiome samples in the expectation that those findings may help explain these contradictory findings, should those colitis disease activity data be reflected the tumor outcomes (as is typical for this model). If we find no changes with BRB supplementation in the gut microbiome, then we may surmise that the prior benefit of BRB was related to changes in bifidobacteria, for example, (preliminary study) that were not repeated in this study. Or, if we do see a change in the gut microbiome that is not associated with the phenotypic outcome, then we may be able to determine that these phenomenon are not related. In either case, the apparent lack of reproducibility of a beneficial effect of BRB requires a rethinking of the 2nd aim of the project (discussed in more detail below).
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
As of the last report, we had completed the first animal study, Aim 1, that was designed to determine the impact of dietary supplementation with black raspberries (BRB) on colitis, colitis-associated colon tumorigenesis and composition of the gut microbiome in mice fed a total Western diet or standard AIN93G diet. In the second year of this project, we first completed the data analyses of this study and reviewed histopathology from the samples. We determined that a significant cohort effect skewed the data, meaning that the tumor response was different for each cohort (~50% of the animals for each treatment group), and this could not be appropriately accounted for in the statistical analyses because we traced the problem back to an error in carcinogen dosing. Thus, we repeated Aim 1 in year 2, with a corrected dosing protocol and slightly modified 2x2 experiment design: [ standard diet vs. total Western diet] x [control vs. 10% BRB]. This study was completed fall of 2019, and samples (tumors, fecal samples for microbiome) are in the process of being evaluated.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Presentations
Benninghoff, A. (Presenter & Author), Phatak, S. (Author Only), Hintze, K. J. (Author Only), Nutrition 2019, "Consumption of Black Raspberries Altered the Composition of the Fecal Microbiome in Mice Fed a Western Type Diet," American Society for Nutrition, Baltimore, MD. (June 8, 2019 - June 11, 2019)
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Presentations
Rodriguez, D. (Presenter & Author), Brubaker, M. (Author Only), Park, E. (Author Only), Neal, C. (Author Only), Hintze, K. J., Benninghoff, A. (Author Only), Nutrition 2019, "Dietary Intervention with Black Raspberries to Reduce Colitis Symptoms in Mice Fed Either Standard AIN93G Diet or the Total Western Diet," American Society for Nutrition, Baltimore, MD. (June 8, 2019 - June 11, 2019)
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Presentations
Phatak, S. (Presenter & Author), Thomas, A. (Author Only), Kaundal, R. (Author Only), Jones, R. (Author Only), Hintze, K. J., Benninghoff, A. (Author Only), Nutrition 2019, "Impact of the Total Western Diet for Rodents on Colon Mucosal Gene Expression in a Multigenerational Murine Model of Colitis-associated Colorectal Cancer," American Society for Nutrition, Baltimore, MD. (June 8, 2019 - June 11, 2019)
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Presentations
Brubaker, M. (Presenter & Author), Campbell, K. (Author Only), Neal, C. (Author Only), Speas, E. (Author Only), Phatak, S. (Author Only), Li, M. (Author Only), Broadbent, J. R., Benninghoff, A., 2019 National Conference on Undergraduate Research, "Fermentation of prebiotics in whole food powders by probiotic lactic-acid producing bacterial strains to identify synbiotic combinations.," Council on Undergraduate Research. (April 11, 2019 - April 13, 2019)
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Presentations
Rodriguez, D. (Author Only), Hintze, K. J. (Author Only), Benninghoff, A. (Author Only), Research Week: Student Research Symposium, "Impact of the introduction of black raspberries in a standard diet and a western-style diet on colitis and colorectal cancer risk in mice," Utah State University, Logan, UT. (April 8, 2019 - April 12, 2019)
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Presentations
Horrocks, A. (Presenter & Author), Rodriguez, D. (Author Only), Hintze, K. J. (Author Only), Benninghoff, A. (Author Only), Research Week: Student Research Symposium, "The azoxymethane and dextran sodium sulfate mouse model of inflammation-associated colorectal cancer for preclinical study of dietary interventions to reduce cancer risk," Utah State University, Logan, UT. (April 8, 2019 - April 12, 2019) 1178, 1407
|
Progress 03/01/18 to 02/28/19
Outputs
Target Audience:Research scientists Changes/Problems:No changes are necessary at this time, and we have not encountered any major problems at this time. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?One graduate student, Daphne Rodriguez, has largely overseen this work as part of her dissertation research. She has participated in several professional development workshops (research presentations, data management, etc.) and training series offered by our Graduate School. She has presented her research at the national American Society for Nutrition annual conference (2018). Additionally, five undergraduate students participated routinely in this project, where they learned about experiment design, animal husbandry, study management, animal necropsy, data analysis and presentation preparation. These students included two in our university Honors program, who completed capstone projects associated with this work. All students interacted closely with the PI through weekly meetings or one-on-one appointments, and these students worked very closely with other research personnel, including other graduate students. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results of this work are scheduled for presentation at the American Society of Nutrition meeting in summer 2019 via an oral presentation (Benninghoff) and a poster (Daphne Rodriguez). What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Our plan of work will continue as outlined above, with the following milestones for the second year (by quarters over three years Q1 to Q12, with Q1 at start of grant): Aim 1 - complete immunohistochemistry analyses; Q3 to Q5 RNA sequencing and Fluidigm qPCR; Q4 to Q6 Gut microbiome sequencing; Q5 to Q6 Data analysis and manuscript preparation; Q3, Q5, Q8 Aim 2 Begin mouse-to-mouse fecal transfer experiment; Q7 to Q9
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
We have completed the first animal study (Aim 1) that was designed to determine the impact of dietary supplementation with black raspberries (BRB) on colitis, colitis-associated colon tumorigenesis and composition of the gut microbiome in mice fed a total Western diet or standard AIN93G diet. We have met all of the milestones for Q1-Q4 (Aim 1, Perform experiment with (black raspberries with total western diet)) and are ahead of schedule with the histopathology analyses from those samples also complete.
Publications
|
|