Source: KANSAS STATE UNIV submitted to NRP
ALTERNATIVE INGREDIENTS AND FEED ADDITIVES INFLUENCE ON FEED PROCESSING FOR LIVESTOCK AND PET FOOD PRODUCERS
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
HATCH
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1014799
Grant No.
(N/A)
Cumulative Award Amt.
(N/A)
Proposal No.
(N/A)
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Nov 28, 2017
Project End Date
Sep 30, 2022
Grant Year
(N/A)
Program Code
[(N/A)]- (N/A)
Recipient Organization
KANSAS STATE UNIV
(N/A)
MANHATTAN,KS 66506
Performing Department
Grain Science & Industry
Non Technical Summary
An expert panel convened by the American Association for the Advancement of Science stated that food production must double by 2050 to meet the increase in global food demand (Lane, 2010). However, as the world's population expands in a geometric fashion, the production of sustenance to maintain the growing population increases arithmetically. Limited resources propose a problem for increasing food production at the rate demanded by the growing population. The population is predicted to increase to 9.3 billion people in 2050 (Lee, 2011). In addition, there is a projected 44, 132, and 75% increase in the world's pork, chicken, and egg production, respectively, by 2030 (Bruinsma, 2003). These increases will lead to an increased need for animal feeds. Corn and soybean meal represent two major energy and protein sources for both human and animal consumption; therefore, creating a direct competition. Increasing harvestable cropland to meet these increases in demand is unrealistic (Brown, 2004). In order to sustain the current growth in animal production to meet the needs for human consumption alternative ingredients and methods to improve efficiencies need to be explored. As competition for feedstuffs increases so does the cost of those feedstuffs, thus identification of new feedstuffs and methods to increase nutrient utilization from available feedstuffs is important to the sustainable profitability of livestock production systems. Our ability to include novel feedstuffs and feed additives becomes an important aspect of ensuring the financial profitability of livestock production systems. Inclusion of byproducts from fuel production such as distillers, dried grains with solubles (Stein and Shurson, 2009), and defatted microalgae (Gatrell et al. 2014) become increasingly important as nutrients become more expensive. For example, the demand for corn increased with introduction of ethanol production. This drove the price of corn to record highs and drastically increased the cost of livestock production. Producers were able to reduce diet cost by including dried distillers grains with solubles, a by-product from ethanol production, into livestock diets. Rapid quantification of the nutritive characteristics, toxicities, feeding qualities, handling characteristics and animal performance impacts is essential as new feedstuffs are introduced or familiar feedstuffs are modified.This project will address the challenges with using alternative feed ingredients and feed additives in livestock and pet nutrition. Ultimately, results of these projects will help feed mill managers, nutritionist, livestock producers, and petfood producers implement new diet formulations to optimize feed and livestock production systems. PhD and MS graduate students, undergraduate researchers and postdoc will be trained through this project to obtain advanced knowledge and gain hands-on research skills in feed science.
Animal Health Component
75%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
25%
Applied
75%
Developmental
(N/A)
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
30252301010100%
Knowledge Area
302 - Nutrient Utilization in Animals;

Subject Of Investigation
5230 - Feed and feed additives;

Field Of Science
1010 - Nutrition and metabolism;
Goals / Objectives
The overall objective of this project is to determine the influence of new feed additives and ingredients on nutrition and feed mill performance criteria. The objectives of this HATCH project are to: 1. Determine the influence of feed additives and new ingredients on feed processing and animal nutrition2. Determine the influence of thermal processing on enzyme stability
Project Methods
Project#1. Determine the influence of feed additives and new ingredients on feed processing and animal nutrition. To determine the practical application of new ingredients and feed additives, an understanding of how they influence feed mill processes and animal performance is needed. It is important to determine accurate nutrient values, account for ingredient variation, formulate on a digestible amino acid basis, and valuing the energy impact on the diet when deciding to use alternative ingredients. However, it is also important to consider how new ingredients influence processes at the feed mill, such as handling characteristics, bulk density, production rate, etc. Alternative ingredients will be derived as by products from the food and beverage industry and other agriculture commodities. Feed additives tested will include exogenous enzymes, pellet binders, and antibiotic replacements. Experimental diets will be made at the O.H. Kruse Feed Technology Innovation Center.Project#2. Determine the influence of thermal processing on enzyme stability. In this project we will perform exploratory research to determine stability of commercially available enzymes during thermal processing. Previous research at Kansas State University has explored the functional properties of ingredients after thermal processing. However, with the increased use of exogenous enzymes and increasing conditioning temperatures it is important to understand the stability of these enzymes throughout the pelleting process to insure animals are receiving expected nutrients. We propose a series of experiments to examine to effects of conditioner temperature and retention time, pellet die specs, and moisture on retention of enzymes and the subsequent effects on animal performance. Exogenous enzyme stability experiments will be conducted at the O.H. Kruse Feed Technology Innovation Center.

Progress 10/01/19 to 09/30/20

Outputs
Target Audience:Commercial and Integrated Feed Mills, Pet Food Processors, Swine and Poultry Producers and Nutritionist Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?This project has led to the training and professional development of many undergraduate and graduate students, as well as industry professionals in the area of pet food processing, feed manufacturing, and animal nutrition. Over the past year Dr. Aldrich has trained 2 undergraduate reserachers, 3 M.S., 7 Ph.D., and 1 post-doctoral student in the area of pet food processing and nutrition. He has also trained multiple industry professionals through continued education short courses that he host. Dr. Paulk and Dr. Stark have trained 4 M.S., 5 Ph.D., and 5 undergraduate researchers in the area of livestock and poultry feed manufacturing and nutrition. They have also trained multiple industry professionals through continued education short courses. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results for this project have disseminated through a multitude of oral and written communication routes. Dr. Aldrich has published 14 perreviewed journal articles and his team has provided a total of 36 presentations. Dr. Paulk and Dr. Stark have published extension reports, 14 journal articles, and their team has provided a total of 16 presentations. These publications are shared to reach different types of audiences based on the conference, magazine, journal, or website in which they are published. In addition, we have increased our presence in social media to reach new audiences and provide access to these materials. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Corn and soybean meal represent two major energy and protein sources for both human and animal consumption; therefore, creating a direct competition. Increasing harvestable cropland to meet these increases in demand is unrealistic (Brown, 2004). In order to sustain the current growth in animal production to meet the needs for human consumption alternative ingredients and methods to improve efficiencies need to be explored. This is the task our team has worked to accomplish over the last year. A number of projects have been completed to determine the use of alternative ingredients in diets for livestock and pets. In addition, our group conducted experiments determining the efficacy and potential use of feed additives in livestock and pet diets to improve growth performance, health, and feed safety. We have also determined how these additives influences and survive the feed manufacturing process. Feed additives tested include sodium bisulfate, medium chain fatty acids, antioxidants, phytase and protease enzymes, and crystalline amino acids.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2020 Citation: Truelock, C. N., M. D. Tokach, C. R. Stark, and C. B. Paulk*. 2020. Pelleting and starch characteristics of diets containing different corn varieties. Translational Animal Science. In Press.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2020 Citation: Truelock, C. N., C. J. Delfeder, R. S. Beyer, J. M. Lattimer, A. N. Baker, C. B. Paulk**, J. S. Drouillard. 2020. Effect of Enogen� feed corn on pelleting characteristics of a poultry diet and subsequent broiler growth performance and carcass traits. International Journal of Poultry Science In Press.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Idan, F., T.N.N. Nortey, C.B. Paulk, R.S. Beyer, C.R. Stark. 2020. Evaluating the effect of feeding starters crumbles on the overall performance of broilers raised for 42 days. Journal of Applied Poultry Research. 29:692-699. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japr.2020.05.003
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Saensukjaroenphon, M., C.E. Evans, C.B. Paulk, J.T. Gebhardt, J.C. Woodworth, C.R. Stark, J.R. Bergstrom, and C.K. Jones. 2020. Impact of storage condition and premix type on fat-soluble vitamin stability. Translational Animal Science. txaa143. doi.org/10.1093/tas/txaa143
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Saensukjaroenphon, M., C.E. Evans, C.B. Paulk, J.T. Gebhardt, J.C. Woodworth, C.R. Stark, J.R. Bergstrom, and C.K. Jones. 2020. Impact of storage condition and premix type on phytase stability. Translational Animal Science. 4: 1-8. doi.org/10.1093/tas/txaa049
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Goehring, D.L., F. Wu, J.M. DeRouchey, R.D. Goodband, M.D. Tokach, J.C. Woodworth, C. B. Paulk, and S.S. Dritz. 2019. The effects of soybean hulls level, distillers dried grains with solubles, and net energy formulation on nursery pig performance. Translational Animal Science. 3(4):1335-1348. doi.org/10.1093/tas/txz126
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Goehring, D.L., F. Wu, J.M. DeRouchey, R.D. Goodband, M.D. Tokach, J.C. Woodworth, C. Paulk, and S.S. Dritz. 2019. The effects of dietary soybean hulls particle size and diet form on nursery and finishing pig performance. Translational Animal Science. 4(1):22-33. doi.org/10.1093/tas/txz119
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Beckman, N., C. Evans, H. Wecker, C. Stark, and C. Paulk. 2020. The effect of screen hole diameter and hammer tip speed on the particle size of ground corn analyzed with and without sieving agent. International Poultry Scientific Forum. pp 18. Atlanta, GA. February, 2020.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Pezzali, J.G., H.L. Acuff, W. Henry, C. Alexander, K.S. Swanson, and C.G. Aldrich. 2020. Effects of different carbohydrate sources on taurine status in healthy Beagle dogs. J. Anim. Sci: vol:page (doi:10.1093/jas/skaa010).
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Guazzelli Pezzali, J., C.G. Aldrich. 2019. Effect of ancient grains and grain-free carbohydrate sources on extrusion parameters and nutrient utilization by dogs. J. Anim. Sci. 97:3758-3767. (doi:10.1093/jas/skz237)
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Braun, M., C. Truelock, K. Dunmire, C. Stark, S. Llamas Moya, and C. Paulk. 2020. Effect of Multi-carbohydrase enzymes on broiler nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) of pelleted feed. International Poultry Scientific Forum. pp 87. Atlanta, GA. February, 2020.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Halpin, M.Y., T.L. Douthit, C.E. Evans, M.B. Braun, C.R. Stark, C.B. Paulk, and J. M. Lattimer. 2020. Acceptability of Milne blueberry juice and blueberry puree in horse feed. Journal of Animal Science. In Press. Omaha, NE, March, 2020.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Evans, C., M. Saensukjaroenphon, C. Paulk, and C. Stark. 2020. Effect of die speed on pellet quality and xylanase stability. International Poultry Scientific Forum. pp 99. Atlanta, GA, February, 2020.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Evans, C. E., C. K. Jones, C. B. Paulk, and C. R. Stark. 2020. The effect of different inclusion levels of corn starch and fine ground corn with different conditioning temperatures or die thickness on pellet quality. Journal of Animal Science. In Press. Omaha, NE, March, 2020.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2020 Citation: Funk, D. C. Evans, H. Wecker, C. Stark, and C. Paulk. 2020. Effect of storage environment on the flowability of crystallie tryptophan and lysine. International Poultry Scientific Forum. pp 98. Atlanta, GA, February, 2020.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Evans, C., M. Saensukjaroenphon, C. Jones, C. Wyatt, C. Paulk, and C. Stark. 2020. Effect of cooling method, sample preparation, storage condition and storage time on phytase activity of a corn-soy diet. International Poultry Scientific Forum. pp 100. Atlanta, GA. February, 2020.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2020 Citation: Donadelli, R.A., H. Dogan, G. Aldrich. 2020. The effects of fiber source on extrusion parameters and kibble structure of dry dog foods. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. (accepted: pending publication date).
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Haverkamp, M., G. Aldrich. 2020. Evaluation of protein quality of chicken proteins intended for pet food. J. Am Holis Vet Med Assoc. 60:37-45.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Pezzali, J.G., A. Suprabha-Raj, K. Siliveru, and C.G. Aldrich. 2020. Characterization of white and red sorghum flour and their potential use for production of extrudate crisps. Plos ONE. 15(6):30234940. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.PONE.0234940 .
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Corsato Alvarenga, I., D. Holt, and C.G. Aldrich. 2020. Evaluation of faba beans as an ingredient in dog diets: Apparent total tract digestibility of extruded diets with graded levels of dehulled faba beans (Vicia faba L.) by dogs. J. Anim. Sci. 98: (https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa085)
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Lema, K.A., and C.G. Aldrich. 2020. Supplementation of sorghum flour-based rotary molded pet treat with soluble animal proteins. Petfood Forum Connect, Sep 9-10, 15-17.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Lierz, R. and C. G. Aldrich.2020. Evaluating wicking of applied fat on pelleted, extruded, and baked animal foods. Petfood Connect Virtual Meeting. August 9-10 and 15-17.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Holt, D., I. Alvarenga, R. Donadelli, K. Lema, A. Deliephan, and C. G. Aldrich. Fermentation characteristics of non-traditional fiber sources for pet foods. Petfood Connect Virtual Meeting. August 9-10 and 15-17, 2020
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Dhakal, J., and C. G. Aldrich. 2020. Effect of coating dry dog food with medium chain fatty acids (MCFA) on canine palatability. Pet food Forum, Virtual Meeting, September 9-10 and 15-17.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Acuff, H.L., C.G. Aldrich. 2020. Evaluation of graded levels of Bacillus coagulans (GBI-30, 6086) on apparent nutrient digestibility, stool quality, and intestinal health indicators in healthy adult dogs - PSVI-23. ASAS-CSAS Virtual Annual Meeting, July 19-23.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Aldrich. G., 2019. Effects of Processing on Pet Nutrition. ASAS 2019 Annual Meeting. Invited talk. July, Corbin Award Presentation. Austin, TX


Progress 10/01/18 to 09/30/19

Outputs
Target Audience:Commercial and Integrated Feed Mills, Pet Food Processors, Swine and Poultry Producers. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?This project has led to the training and professional development of many undergraduate and graduate students, as well as industry professionals in the area of pet food processing, feed manufacturing, and animal nutrition. Over the past year Dr. Aldrich has trained 2 undergraduate reserachers,3 M.S.,7 Ph.D., and 1 post-doctoral student in the area of pet food processing and nutrition. He has also trained multiple industry professionals through continued education short courses that he host. Dr. Paulk and Dr. Stark have trained 3 M.S., 5 Ph.D., and5 undergraduate researcher in the area of livestock and poultry feed manufacturing and nutrition. They have also trained multiple industry professionals through continued education short courses. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results for this project have disseminated through a multitude of oral and written communication routes. Dr. Aldrich has published 12 magazine articles and9 perreviewed journal articles and his team has provided a total of 28 presentations. Dr. Paulk and Dr. Stark have published 11 magazine articles, 4 extension reports, 6 journal articles, and their team has provided a total of 64 presentations. These publications are shared to reach different types of audiences based on the conference, magazine, journal, or website in which they are published. In addition, we have increased our presence in social media to reach new audiences and provide access to these materials. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Corn and soybean meal represent two major energy and protein sources for both human and animal consumption; therefore, creating a direct competition. Increasing harvestable cropland to meet these increases in demand is unrealistic (Brown, 2004). In order to sustain the current growth in animal production to meet the needs for human consumption alternative ingredients and methods to improve efficiencies need to be explored. This is the task our team has worked to accomplish over the last year. A number of projects have been completed to determine the use of alternative ingredients in diets for livestock and pets. These include dried distillers grains with solubles, high protein dried distillers grains with solubles, sugar beet pulp, dehulled faba beans, poultry meal, sorghum fractions, and ancient grains. In addition, our group conducted experiments determining the efficacy and potential use of feed additives in livestock and pet diets to improve growth performance, health, and feed safety. We have also determined how these additives influences and survive the feed manufacturing process. Feed additives tested include sodium bisulfate, medium chain fatty acids, antioxidants, phytase and protease enzymes, and crystalline amino acids.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Nana S. Frempong, Thomas N. N. Nortey, C. B. Paulk, Charles R. Stark. 2019. Evaluating the Effect of Replacing Fish Meal in Broiler Diets with Either Soybean Meal or Poultry By-product Meal on Broiler Performance and Total Feed Cost per Kilogram of Gain. Journal of Applied Poultry Research. Accepted for publication, July, 2019.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Saensukjaroenphon, M., C.E. Evans, C.K. Jones, C.H. Fahrenholz, C.B. Paulk, and C.R. Stark. 2019. The effect of liquid application time and wet mix time with different mixer types on uniformity of mix. Journal of Animal Science and Research 3: 1-4. dx.doi.org/10.16966/2576-6457.126.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Yoder, A.D., C.K. Jones, C.B. Paulk, B. J. Bradford, K.J. Herrick, and C.R. Stark. 2018. Effects of low oil DDGS on pellet quality and pellet mill motor electrical efficiency. Applied Engineering in Agriculture 35: 103-108. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.12931
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: 5. Guazzelli Pezzali, J., C.G. Aldrich 2019. Effect of ancient grains and grain-free carbohydrate sources on extrusion parameters and nutrient utilization by dogs. J. Anim. Sci. 97:3758-3767. (doi:10.1093/jas/skz237)
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Donadelli, R., D. Stone, C.G. Aldrich, R. Beyer. 2019. Effect of fiber source and particle size on chick performance and nutrient utilization. J. Poultry Sci. 0:111 (doi:10.3382/ps/pez382)
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Corsato-Alvarenga, I., C.G. Aldrich, 2019. The effect of increasing levels of dehulled faba beans (Vicia faba L.) on extrusion and product parameters for dry expanded dog food. Foods 8:26-35 (doi:20.3390/foods8010026)
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: 10. Mansilla, W.D., A.K. Shoveller, C.P.F Marinangeli, K.J. Ekenstedt, G. Aldrich, J.A. Larsen, D.A. Columbus, L. Weber, and S.K. Abood. 2018. The association between pulse ingredients and canine dilated cardiomyopathy: addressing the knowledge gaps before establishing causation. J. Anim. Sci. (97:983-997 doi:10.1093/jas/sky488)
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Gebhardt, J.T., C. B. Paulk, M. D. Tokach, J. M. DeRouchey, R. D. Goodband, J. C. Woodworth, J. A. DeJong, K. F. Coble, C. R. Stark, C. K. Jones, and S. S. Dritz. 2018. Effect of roller mill configuration on growth performance of nursery and finishing pigs and milling characteristics. Journal of Animal Science 96: 2278-2292. https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/sky147
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2019 Citation: Donadelli, R.A., C.G. Aldrich. 2019. The effects of diets varying in fiber sources on nutrient utilization, stool quality, and hairball management in cats. J. Anim. Sci (Accepted, Pending Publication Date).
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2019 Citation: Donadelli, R.A., E.C. Titgemeyer, C.G. Aldrich. 2019. In vitro fermentation of selected fiber sources used in pet foods by a canine fecal inoculum. J. Anim. Sci. (Accepted, Pending Publication Date).
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2019 Citation: 3. Donadelli, R., C.G. Aldrich. 2019. The effects on nutrient utilization and stool quality of Beagle dogs fed diets with beet pulp, cellulose, and Miscanthus grass. J. Anim. Sci. (Accepted, Pending Publication Date)
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2019 Citation: Dhakal, J., C.G. Aldrich, C. Knueven. 2019. Assessing the efficacy of sodium bisulfate and organic acid treatments to control Salmonella typhimurium in rendered chicken fat applied to pet foods. J. Food Protection. (Accepted, Pending Publication Date)
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Dunmire, K., J. Dhakal, K.Stringfellow, C. Stark, and C. Paulk. 2019. Determining reactive lysine and amino acid availability in soybean meal using near-infrared reflectance and reference analysis. Poult. Sci. 98(E-Suppl. 1).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Truelock, C., C. Delfelder, R. Donadelli, M. Barrios, C. Stark, R. Beyer, J. Gonzalez, and C. Paulk. 2019. Effects of dietary lysine and exogenous protease inclusion on apparent ileal amino acid digestibility in turkeys. Poult. Sci. 98(E-Suppl. 1).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Braun, M., K. Dunmire, C. Evans, C. Stark, and C. Paulk. 2019. Effects of grinding corn with different moisture concentrations on subsequent particle size and flowability characteristics. Poult. Sci. 98(E-Supple. 1).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Ogles, A., C. E. Evans, C. R. Stark, and C. B. Paulk. 2019. Effects of increasing concentration of cracked corn on pellet quality of broiler diets. International Poultry Scientific Forum. Page 83.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Beeman, R., C. E. Evans, M. Saensukjaroenphon, C. R. Stark, and C. B. Paulk. 2019. The effect of pellet mill knife setting and production rate on pellet quality. International Poultry Scientific Forum. Page 83
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Kort, R., C. E. Evans, C. R. Stark, and C. B. Paulk. 2019. Evaluating the methodology of the Holmen NHP100 for determining pellet durability index. International Poultry Scientific Forum. Page 84.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Truelock, C. N., N. E. Ward, J. W. Wilson, C. R. Stark, and C. B. Paulk. 2019. Effect of steam pressure and conditioning temperature on phytase stability. 2019. International Poultry Scientific Forum. Page 91.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Truelock, C. N., C. J. DelFelder, M. A. Barrios, R. S. Beyer, C. R. Stark, and C. B. Paulk. 2019. Effects of dietary lysine and protease inclusion on turkey performance. 2019. IPPE.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Aldrich. G., 2019. Effects of Processing on Pet Nutrition. ASAS 2019 Annual Meeting. Invited talk. July, Corbin Award Presentation. Austin, TX
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Aldrich. C.G., 2019. Where is pet food safety heading? IFT invited talk. Symposium Pet Food Safety. June, New Orleans, LA
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Aldrich. C.G. 2019. Proteins in modern pet foods: nutrient quality, processing and shelf-life considerations. AOCS invited presentation May 2019. St. Louis.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Dhakal J., Aldrich C. G. 2019. Use of Medium Chain Fatty Acids (MCFA) to mitigate Salmonella Typhimurium (ATCC 14028) in Dry Pet Food Kibbles. International Association for Food Protection, Louisville, KY.
  • Type: Book Chapters Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: A. Deliephan, J. Dhakal, and C. G. Aldrich 2019. Assessing the efficacy of sodium bisulfate (SBS) in tempering water to control Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) in wheat. IAFP, Louisville, KY.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Dainton, A.N., J.G. Pezzali, D. Tomlinson, and C.G. Aldrich. 2019. The effect of copper source on appearance, off colors, and other degradation products in a canned pet food. IFT Abstract 2019, New Orleans
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Pezzali JG, Acuff H, Alexander C, Swanson KS, Aldrich CG. 2019. Effects of different carbohydrate sources on taurine status in healthy Beagle dogs. Animal Science Joint Annual Meeting; Austin, TX. Oral presentation.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: 8. Dainton, A. N.; J. M. Zurschmiede; R. S. Beyer; C. G. Aldrich. 2019. Evaluation of the protein quality of various dried chicken, egg, and pea proteins used in diets for dogs and cats. Joint Annual Meeting American Society of Animal Science. Poster presentation.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: M. Morts, I. Silva, and C. G. Aldrich. 2019. Pepsin-pancreatin protein digestibility of various protein sources intended for pet food. ASAS Annual Meeting. Austin, TX.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Briana Yokum, Julia Guazzelli Pezzali, Charles Gregory Aldrich. 2019. Red and White Sorghum Acceptability Test. Petfood Forum 2019 (undergraduate research presentation)
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Acuff, H.L. and Aldrich, C.G. (2019). Application Strategies & Efficacy of Probiotics in Pet Food: A Review [Abstract]. In: Pet Food Forum Conference Proceedings; 27-29 April 2019; Kansas City, MO.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: M. Morts and C. G. Aldrich. 2019. Effect of storage time and antioxidant on oxidation measures in frozen and freeze-dried meat patties. (Invited Presentation) Petfood Forum. Kansas City, KS
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Pezzali, J.G., Aldrich C.G. 2019 Effect of ancient grains and grain free carbohydrate sources on nutrient digestibility and stool consistency in dogs. In: Petfood Forum; Kansas City, MO. Oral presentation
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Donadelli, R.A.; C.G. Aldrich. 2019. Effects of fiber source on organic matter disappearance and fermentation end-products by an in vitro dog fecal inoculum model. Petfood Forum. Poster presentation.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Aldrich, G. 2018. Grain-Blame: Is there solid evidence behind Pet Foods angst over starches. AACCi (abstr), London, UK. Oct 23, 2018


Progress 11/28/17 to 09/30/18

Outputs
Target Audience:Commercial and Integrated Feed Mills, Pet Food Processors, Livestock, Animal Nutritionists, Feed Scientists, and Poultry Producers. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?This project has led to the training and professional development of manyundergraduate and graduate students, as well as industry professionals in the area of pet food processing, feed manufacturing, and animal nutrition.Over the past year Dr. Aldrich has trained 2 undergraduate reserachers, 2 M.S., 5 Ph.D., and 1post-doctoral student in the area of pet food processing and nutrition. He has also trainedmultiple industryprofessionals through continued education short courses that he host.Dr. Paulk and Dr. Stark have trained3 M.S., 5 Ph.D., and 4 undergraduate researcher inthe area oflivestock and poultry feed manufacturingand nutrition. They have also trainedmultiple industryprofessionals through continued education short courses. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results for this project have disseminated through a multitude of oral and written communication routes. Dr. Aldrich has published 11 magazine articles and 13 perreviewed journal articles and his team has provided a total of 29 presentations. Dr. Paulk and Dr. Stark have published 12 magazine articles, 4 extension reports, 3 journal articles, and their team has provided a total of 19 presentations. These publications are shared to reach different types of audiences based on the conference, magazine, journal, or website in which they are published. In addition, we have increased our presence in social media to reach new audiences and provide access to these materials. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Corn and soybean meal represent two major energy and protein sources for both human and animal consumption; therefore, creating a direct competition. Increasing harvestable cropland to meet these increases in demand is unrealistic (Brown, 2004). In order to sustain the current growth in animal production to meet the needs for human consumption alternative ingredients and methods to improve efficiencies need to be explored. This is the task our team has worked to accomplish over the last year. A number of projects have been completed to determine the use of alternative ingredients in diets for livestock and pets. These include dried distillers grains with solubles, high protein dried distillers grains with solubles, sugar beet pulp, dehulled faba beans, poultry meal, sorghum fractions, and ancient grains. In addition, our group conducted experiments determining the efficacy and potential use of feed additives in livestock and pet diets to improve growth performance, health, and feed safety. We have also determined how these additives influences and survive the feed manufacturing process. Feed additives tested include sodium bisulfate, medium chain fatty acids, antioxidants, phytase and protease enzymes, and crystalline amino acids.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Martinez, C. K. Jones, C. R. Stark, L. J. McKinney, K. C. Behnke, and C. B. Paulk. 2018. Evaluating flushing procedures to prevent nicarbazin carryover during medicated feed manufacturing. Anim. Feed. Sci. and Tech. 242:1-7.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Submitted Year Published: 2019 Citation: Dhakal, J., C.G. Aldrich, C. Knueven. 2018. Assessing the efficacy of sodium bisulfate and organic acid treatments to control Salmonella typhimurium in rendered chicken fat applied to pet foods. J. Food Protection. (Submitted)
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Under Review Year Published: 2019 Citation: Donadelli, R., D. Stone, C.G. Aldrich, R. Beyer. 2018. Effect of fiber source and particle size on chick performance and nutrient utilization. J. Poultry Sci. (Submitted)
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Under Review Year Published: 2019 Citation: Corsato-Alvarenga, I., C.G. Aldrich, 2018. Extrusion Processing of Dog Diets Containing Increasing Levels of Dehulled Faba Beans (Vicia faba L.) Foods (Accepted pending revisions)
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Under Review Year Published: 2019 Citation: Mansilla, W.D., A.K. Shoveller, C.P.F Marinangeli, K.J. Ekenstedt, G. Aldrich, J.A. Larsen, D.A. Columbus, L. Weber, and S.K. Abood. 2018. The association between pulse ingredients and canine dilated cardiomyopathy: addressing the knowledge gaps before establishing causation. J. Anim. Sci. (Accepted pending revisions)
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2018 Citation: Koppel, K., B. Di Donfrancesco, C. Aldrich. 2018. Pet and owner acceptance of dry dog foods manufactured with sorghum and sorghum fractions. J. Cereal Sci. (83:42-48).
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2018 Citation: R.A. Donadelli, Aldrich, C.G., C.K. Jones, and S.R. Beyer. 2018. The amino acid composition and protein quality of various popular poultry and vegetable proteins commonly used in the production of dog and cat diets. J Poultry Sci. pey462, https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pey462
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Corsato-Alverenga, I., C.G. Aldrich. 2018. The effect of sorghum fractions on apparent total track digestibility and antioxidant capacity by dogs. PLOS ONE 13(10):e0206090.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Alvarenga, I.C., Z. Ou, S. Thiele, S. Alavi, C.G. Aldrich. 2018. Effects of milling sorghum into fractions on yield, nutrient composition, and their performance in extrusion of dog food. J. Cereal Sci. 82:121-128.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Frempong, N., C. B. Paulk, C. R. Stark. 2018. Evaluating the effect of replacing fish meal with soybean meal and poultry by-product meal on broiler performance and cost of production. IPPE.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Idan, F., C. B. Paulk, C. R. Stark. 2018. Evaluating the effect of feeding starter crumbles on the overall performance of broilers raised for forty-two (42) days. IPPE.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Wecker, H. K., C. Evans, R. S. Beyer, C. R. Stark, J. M. Gonzalez, M. A. Barrios, C. B. Paulk. 2018. The effects of dietary lysine level with and without added protease on growth performance of broiler chickens. IPPE.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Dhakal, J., C.G. Aldrich, C. Knueven. 2018. Effects of sodium bisulfate and organic acids on Salmonella mitigation in rendered chicken. Arkansas Association of Food Protection (2nd Place). Sep 17-19, Fayetteville AR.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Corsato-Alvarenga, I., G. Aldrich. 2018. Extrusion Processing of Dog Diets Containing Increasing Levels of Dehulled Faba Beans (Vicia faba L.). IFT18, Division: Food Engineering, abstract P04 - ID 011.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Guazzelli-Pezzali, J., C.G. Aldrich, W. Henry. 2018. Effects of Ancient Grains and Grain Free Dog Food on Extrusion Parameters and Kibble Traits. IFT18, Division: Carbohydrate, abstract P05 - ID 037.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Morts, M., G Aldrich, N. Senanayake. 2018. The Effects of Antioxidants and Time in Storage on Measures of Shelf-life in Raw Pet Foods. IFT18, Division: Refrigerated & Frozen Foods, abstract P  AD 122.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Smith, S., G. Aldrich. 2018. - Evaluation of next generation-distillers dried grain as a dietary ingredient in dog and cat diets. J. Anim. Sci. Abstract #373
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Dhakal, J., C. Aldrich, and C. Knueven. 2018. Assessing the Efficacy of Chemical Treatments to Control Salmonella typhimurium in Rendered Chicken Fat Applied in Pet Foods. Proceedings of the International Association of Food Protection, St. Lake City, UT. Abstract #P1-34, p 68.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Dhakal, J., G. Aldrich, and C. Knueven. 2018. Evaluation of the efficacy of chemical treatments to control Salmonella typhimurium. (abstr  oral) Proceedings Petfood Forum, Kansas City, Mo. April 24-25, 2018. p. 10.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Submitted Year Published: 2019 Citation: Cochrane, R.A., A.R. Huss, G.C. Aldrich, C.R. Stark, and C.K. Jones. 2018. Use of sodium bisulfate and pelleting for reduction of Enterococcus faecium counts in broiler feed. J. Appl. Poult. Res. Submitted.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: C. N. Truelock, A. D. Yoder, C. E. Evans, C. R. Stark, S. S. Dritz, J. W. Wilson, N. E. Ward, and C. B. Paulk. 2018. Stability of four commercial microbial phytase sources under extreme pelleting conditions. Poultry Science Association.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Evans, C. E., M. Saensukjaroenphon, K. H. Sheldon, C.K. Jones, C.B. Paulk, and C. R. Stark. 2018. The effect of hammermill screen hole diameter and hammer tip speed on particle size and flow ability of ground corn. Midwest Animal Science.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Morts, M., G. Aldrich. 2018. Protein quality evaluation of different chicken protein sources for pet food. (abstr-oral) Proceedings Petfood Forum, Kansas City, Mo. April 24-25, 2018. p. 11.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Smith, S., G. Aldrich, S. Tilton. 2018. Effect of next generation-distillers dried grains on processing parameters of extruded dog and cat food. (abstr-oral) Proceedings Petfood Forum, Kansas City, Mo. April 24-25, 2018. p 11-12.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Booth, N.*, G. Aldrich, and S. Smith. 2018. The evaluation of legume seed and vegetable source protein quality by a chick growth assay. (abstr-poster) Proceedings Petfood Forum, Kansas City, Mo. April 24-25, 2018. p 12. (*undergraduate research)
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Corsato-Alvarenga, I., G. Aldrich. 2018. Evalution of faba beans (Vicia faba L.) as a dietary ingredient in dog diets. (abstr-poster) Proceedings Petfood Forum, Kansas City, Mo. April 24-25, 2018. p. 13.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Guazzelli-Pezzali, J., G. Aldrich, W. Henry. 2018. Impact of ancient grains and grain-free starches on processing parameters and palatability in dogs. (abstr-poster) Proceedings Petfood Forum, Kansas City, Mo. April 24-25, 2018. p. 14.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: S. Smith, G. Aldrich. 2018. Repletion of pea protein concentrate protein quality with spray-dried egg and amino acids. (abstr-poster) Proceedings Petfood Forum, Kansas City, Mo. April 24-25, 2018. p. 15.