Source: PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY submitted to
MASTITIS RESISTANCE TO ENHANCE DAIRY FOOD SAFETY
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1014668
Grant No.
(N/A)
Cumulative Award Amt.
(N/A)
Proposal No.
(N/A)
Multistate No.
NE-1748
Project Start Date
Nov 20, 2017
Project End Date
Sep 30, 2022
Grant Year
(N/A)
Program Code
[(N/A)]- (N/A)
Project Director
Hovingh, ER.
Recipient Organization
PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY
208 MUELLER LABORATORY
UNIVERSITY PARK,PA 16802
Performing Department
Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences
Non Technical Summary
Mastitis remains a very prevalent problem on dairy farms, and negatively impacts animal health, well-being, product quality and economic performance. Prevention and treatment of mastitis continue to account for the majority of antibiotic use on dairy farms. Numerous countries, as well as food processors, wholesalers, and retailers have proposed or mandated the reduction of antibiotic use in animal agriculture, including dairy, so it is reasonable to expect that this pressure will increasingly come to bear in Pennsylvania and the USA more broadly. Therefore, in order to effectively address animal health, animal well-being, product quality, and consumer concerns, efforts must be made to reduce new cases of mastitis, identify cases more rapidly when they occur, and manage them more appropriately.We will use on-farm research projects, supported by laboratory studies, to investigate risk factors for sub-optimal udder health, as well as barriers to the implementation and impact of advanced mastitis diagnostics and udder health management. We will explore the impact of personnel training, knowledge, attitudes and behaviors on udder health, and methods to positively affect these factors. Lastly, we will use reactive and proactive on-farm investigation of milk quality problems to improve diagnoses and managment of poor product quality.We anticipate being able to reduce the incidence and prevalence of mastitis in Pennsylvania dairy herds, implement better diagnostic strategies, and improve the stewardship of antibioitcs. We also expect to be able to improve and streamline the diagnosis and resolution of on-farm milk quality concerns.
Animal Health Component
45%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
10%
Applied
45%
Developmental
45%
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
3083450110035%
3113410117035%
3113410110030%
Goals / Objectives
Characterize host mechanisms and pathogenic virulence factors associated with mastitis susceptibility and resistance to improve economic outcomes and animal welfare (ID, LA, MI, OR, PA, NJ, TN, UT, VT, WA, Canada). Assess and apply new technologies that advance mastitis control, milk quality and/or dairy food safety (CT, KT, LA, MI, MN, MO, NY, PA, UT, VA, WA). Identify and apply new strategies associated with the control of mastitis that can reduce the use of antibiotics in dairy herds (CT, ID, ME, MN, MO, NJ, TN, UT, VA, VT, WA, Canada).
Project Methods
Objective 1: Cross-sectional and longitudinal laboratory studies will be used to conduct investigative research into host and pathogen mechanisms associated with mastitis susceptibility and risk factors, with the goal of improving animal welfare and economic performance.Objective 2: Didactic instruction and laboratory sessions; workshops and experiential learning opportunities; on-farm training sessions; and on-line resource development. Cross-sectional and longitudinal on-farm and laboratory studies will be used to conduct investigative research into new technologies and approaches to improve udder health using on-farm data systems, as well as improving milk quality and safety. The impact of outreach/extension efforts will be evaluated on the knowledge level of participants by means of pre- and post-workshop testing, as well as mid- to longer-term followup with extension workshop participants to determine changes in attitudes and behavior.Objective 3: Didactic instruction and laboratory sessions; workshops and experiential learning opportunities; on-farm training sessions; and on-line resource development. Cross-sectional and longitudinal on-farm and laboratory studies will be used to conduct investigative research into strategies that can optimize the use of antibiotics in dairy herds. The impact of these methods will be evaluated on the knowledge level of participants by means of pre- and post-workshop testing, as well as mid- to longer-term followup with extension workshop participants to determine changes in attitudes and behavior.

Progress 10/01/19 to 09/30/20

Outputs
Target Audience:Dairy farmers, veterinarians, industry personnel, undergraduate students Changes/Problems:The SARS-CoV2 pandemic dramatically affected activities in the past year. Laboratory research activity was largely halted. The delivery of trainings, workshops and presentations was significantly curtailed;although, a transition to on-line delivery of educational opportunities permitted the team to provide valuable information, albeit at a reduced level from what had been planned. An administrative/technical assistant who supported the team's activities retired during the project year. Permission to re-fill this position has not been granted by the College administration, which has resulted in decreased productivity. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Trainings were conducted for milking technicians on dairy farms to improve their knowledge and skills for harvesting milk, while protecting udder health and milk safety and quality (Goal 2). Judicious use of antibiotics for the management of mastitis workshops were conducted to provide continuing education for veterinarians (Goal 3). How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results have been disseminated by means of face-to-face meetings (pre-pandemic) and on-line meetings and presentations (during pandemic). What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Continue training of milking crews on PA dairy farms, as well as determining the impact and value of the training. Continue analysis of bimodal milk flow data. Assuming field research can be conducted in the spring/summer of 2021, we plan to carry out one or more projects to investigate the relationship between stimulation time, milk yield and bimodal milk flow (Goal 1). Investigate the usematrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry(MALDI-TOF)to predict the resolution of infection/inflammation in the udders of mastitis cows (Goal 3).

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Presentations, workshops and trainings were conducted to promote the judicious and strategic use of antibiotics to prevent and manage mastitis. Workshop materials were developed to allow participants to evaluate the efficacy of treatment decisions by chronicity of infection and the pathogen causing the infection (Goal 3). A 12-month long investigation of the relationship between milk line wash temperature and milk quality/safety parameters was concluded (Goal 2). Data analysis is pending. Research projects that were planned for spring/summer 2020 were unfortunately placed on hold due to the SARS-CoV2 pandemic.

Publications


    Progress 10/01/18 to 09/30/19

    Outputs
    Target Audience:Dairy farmers, veterinarians, industry personnel, undergraduate students Changes/Problems:A research support technician resigned during the project year. There was a significant delay in hiring a replacement, so this impacted productivity of the team to some degree What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Dairy Production Medicine (DPM) Certificate Modules were conducted for veterinarians. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results have been communicated to veterinarians by means of the DPM modules referred to above, as well as in one-on-one meetings, and on-farm trainings. Findings from mastitis field investigations and research projects have been presented in lectures given to undergraduate students at Penn State University. Workshops were conducted for dairy farm owners, managers and employees. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Continue training of milking crews to determine impact and value of training. Continue analysis of bimodal milk flow data. Evaluate inter- and intra-operator agreement of 4-channel vacuum recorder data. Produce and disseminate udder health & mastitis educational material.

    Impacts
    What was accomplished under these goals? Goal 1. Investigation of Campylobacter in a permitted raw milk herd was undertaken, with Campylobacter being isolated from the udder of a cow with an elevated somatic cell count. Removal of this cow from the herd resolved the issue of Campylobacter being found in the bulk tank milk. Goal 2. A study into the repeatability of bimodal milk flow patterns was continued by evaluation of milk flow patterns of ~120 cows during 15 sequential milkings, using 4-channel vacuum recorders and in-line milk meters. Prep-lag time and stimulation time were also recorded for each cow-milking. Data collection is complete, although data analysis is still in progress. Goals 2 and 3. Veterinarians were trained to evaluate herd udder health records, as well as conducting milking-time evaluations to identify mastitis risk factors. Dairy farm personnel trainings were conducted in English and Spanish to improve milking crews' udder health and milking procedures knowledge and skills.

    Publications


      Progress 11/20/17 to 09/30/18

      Outputs
      Target Audience:Dairy farmers, veterinarians, industry personnel, undergraduate students Changes/Problems:A research support technician resigned during the project year. There was insufficient funding available to hire a replacement, so this impacted productivity of the team to some degree. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Dairy Production Medicine (DPM) Certificate Modules were conducted for veterinarians. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Veterinarians were trained to evaluate herd udder health records, as well as conducting milking-time evaluations to identify mastitis risk factors. Dairy farm personnel trainings were conducted to improve milking crews' udder health and milking procedures knowledge and skills. Results have been communicated to veterinarians by means of the DPM modules referred to above, as well as in one-on-one meetings, and on-farm trainings. Findings from mastitis field investigations and research projects have been presented in lectures given to undergraduate students at Penn State University. Workshops were conducted for dairy farm owners, managers and employees. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Continue analysis of bimodal milk flow data. Continue training of milking crews to determine impact and value of training. Evaluate inter- and intra-operator agreement of 4-channel vacuum recorder data. Produce and disseminate udder health & mastitis educational material.

      Impacts
      What was accomplished under these goals? A study was undertaken to assess the use of MALDI-TOF MS for the identification of host-pathogen related biomarkers for the enhanced diagnosis of intramammary infection. This project found that none of the biomarkers investigated were economically and epidemiologically superior to current diagnostic modalities. A study into the repeatability of bimodal milk flow patterns was undertaken by evaluation of milk flow patterns of ~120 cows during 15 sequential milkings, using 4-channel vacuum recorders and in-line milk meters. Prep-lag time and stimulation time were also recorded for each cow-milking. Data collection is complete, although data analysis is still in progress.

      Publications

      • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Beaver, A., R.W.Sweeney, E.Hovingh, D.R.Wolfgang, Y.T.Gr�hn, Y.H.Schukken. Longitudinal relationship between fecal culture, fecal quantitative PCR, and milk ELISA in Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis-infected cows from low-prevalence dairy herds. J Dairy Sci. 2017. 100(9):7507-7521.