Source: TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY submitted to NRP
PEANUT AND GUAR BREEDING AND GENETICS
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
HATCH
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1014516
Grant No.
(N/A)
Cumulative Award Amt.
(N/A)
Proposal No.
(N/A)
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Oct 2, 2017
Project End Date
Sep 27, 2022
Grant Year
(N/A)
Program Code
[(N/A)]- (N/A)
Recipient Organization
TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY
750 AGRONOMY RD STE 2701
COLLEGE STATION,TX 77843-0001
Performing Department
Lubbock-TAMU Agr Res Cntr
Non Technical Summary
This project attempts to address major problems of peanut and guar in Texas and potentially neighboring states by breeding new varieties. Problems to be addressed are: (1) profitability of production and suboptimal levels of market acceptance due to seed quality factors, (2) decline in irrigation water levels in the West Texas region, (3) losses due to diseases and pests, and (4) the need for improvement in methods of making selection for needed traits. This project will work towards development of breeding lines and varieties of peanut and guar. There are four key objectives. (1) The first objective is improved yield and shellout in peanut, and improved yield in guar; in addition we will address seed-related traits of improved maturity, flavor and oil chemistry in peanut, and improved maturity and gum content in guar. (2) The second objective is tolerance to abiotic stress, namely water deficit and heat stress in peanut, and water deficit in guar. We will also collaborate in developing high-throughout methods of screening for tolerance to water deficit in peanut. (3) We will select for improved resistance to leaf spots, Sclerotinia blight, root-knot nematodes, and tomato spotted wilt virus, and guar varieties with resistance to Alternaria leaf spot. (4) We will develop and use single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) DNA-based markers as an aid in selecting traits in early generations of the breeding program. The goals are release of new varieties, specifically (1) release of varieties with improved yield, shellout, and seed quality traits such as maturity, oil composition (in peanut) or gum content (in guar). Likewise, we will (2) release varieties that can be produced profitably with reduced levels of irrigation, as well as identify additional sources of tolerance, and more-efficient methods of screening. (3) We will also incorporate improved resistance to disease in new varieties, and work towards making new alleles for resistance to nematodes available to breeders. (4) Finally, we use improved DNA-based tools for assisting with selecting for needed traits.
Animal Health Component
40%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
10%
Applied
40%
Developmental
50%
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
2011830108015%
2021830108110%
2022242108110%
2031830108025%
2041830108110%
2121830108010%
2122242108110%
2121830108110%
Knowledge Area
212 - Pathogens and Nematodes Affecting Plants; 204 - Plant Product Quality and Utility (Preharvest); 203 - Plant Biological Efficiency and Abiotic Stresses Affecting Plants; 202 - Plant Genetic Resources; 201 - Plant Genome, Genetics, and Genetic Mechanisms;

Subject Of Investigation
2242 - Gums; 1830 - Peanut;

Field Of Science
1081 - Breeding; 1080 - Genetics;
Goals / Objectives
Peanut and guar are two legumes grown in Texas. Planted acreage of peanut was 300,000 in 2015, however, only 190,000 acres were harvested. Challenges that peanut production faces include declining water, disease, and edible seed quality. Guar is heat and drought tolerant, with Texas acreage typically from 10,000 to 40,000. Domestic production comprises 1-2% of U.S. guar usage; increased yield and disease resistance are needed (with crop insurance and more efficient industrial processing) if acreage is to increase.A. Yield, Grade, and Seed Quality.Peanut. (i) Yield and grade. The goals are to develop cultivars with increased yield and shellout (75% to 80%) to keep farms profitable. (ii) Maturity, flavor, and oil composition. We will release high oleic cultivars for their oxidative stability and association with reduced coronary disease. Improved maturity in runners is needed to reduce the chance of off-flavors.Guar. Most guar varieties were released 30-40 years ago by a collaboration between Texas A&M and the USDA-ARS. Recent development efforts were conducted by Texas Tech, and the PI has now been asked to assume leadership. (i) Yield. Improved yield is needed, as cultivars released decades ago are still grown commercially, namely Kinman (1975), Lewis and Santa Cruz (1984); the newer cultivar Matador (2004) does not yield better, and Monument (2004) has a lower yield. Attention to branching, flowering patterns, and height of first flowers needed for selection for yield. Cultivars may be useful for forage and edible markets- forage quality of guar is similar to hay or alfalfa (Imel, 2015), and guar is also consumed as fried immature pods in Asian communities, but longer pods are desired. (ii) Gum content and composition. Enhanced gum content is needed for greater profitability for industry, as in the U.S., guar seed is grown predominantly for gum, which is used for thickening and strengthening in food, pharmaceutical, petroleum extraction, and mining industries. Matador was released for higher gum content. Gum measurement is tedious, and a rapid method is needed for breeding programs. (iii) Maturity. Earlier maturity is desirable, allowing earlier harvest, improving gum quality, or allowing planting after failed crops. Monument, a single stalk cultivar (85-90d), matures over a month before Matador.B. Abiotic Stress Tolerance. Peanut. Peanut cultivars that yield profitably under reduced irrigation are needed in West Texas. On-going depletion of the Ogallala Aquifer has reduced ability of growers to irrigate. (i) Water deficit stress tolerance. Populations developed for combining tolerance to water deficit and other traits need to be evaluated. Screen of the US peanut minicore collection has identified accessions that outyield commercial cultivars under water deficit and have favorable field responses (SPAD chlorophyll, canopy temperature, transpiration efficiency, transpiration, flowering during drought, harvest index, and paraheliotropism, but lack certain needed traits. These accessions are being used as donors for tolerance to water deficit stress. (ii) Heat. Identification of tolerant accessions will allow us to use these as parents. We have occasionally observed failure to set pods under heat stress or water deficit stress. (iii) High throughput phenotyping. Improved methods of physiological screening are needed and will be developed. Current field response measurements are labor-intensive, impractical for screening large numbers of progeny. Sensors or high-resolution cameras can provide visible or infrared data, and in other crops have been used to monitor plant water status, chlorophyll content, leaf area, canopy temperature, and biomass, and have been used effectively in selection.Guar. (i) Water deficit. Guar has been shown able to yield profitability on dryland to limited irrigation (6 in/yr) in the Vernon and Brownfield, TX and Altus, OK regions, and testing will be aimed at selecting for yield under these conditions. Limited, infrequent irrigation is where guar is most competitive economically, and these conditions are best for selection.C. Disease. Peanut. We will work at developing cultivars with improved resistance to disease. Resistant cultivars are needed, for peanut is susceptible to many diseases: (i) Leafspot. Early leafspot [ELS] and late leafspot [LLS] cause serious losses worldwide (Porter et al., 1982) and in South Texas. Release of cultivars with resistance will reduce costs for growers, or increase yields when chemical treatments are not used. (ii) Sclerotinia blight Sclerotinia blight (S. minor) limits peanut production in Central Texas, and occurs in parts of West Texas. Several resistant cultivars have been released, and resistance needs to be incorporated into early-maturing runner and Virginia breeding lines. (iii) Tomato spotted wilt virus. Outbreaks occur sporadically in Central and South Texas and make selection difficult. We will continue work on this, however. Resistant cultivars exist, and markers in Tifrunner could be used for selection. (iv) Root-knot nematodes. Additional resistant cultivars are needed, as well as work towards incorporating additional genes for resistance. The source of resistance is TxAG-6, and resultant cultivars include Webb and Tifguard. Additional resistance genes are present in the introgression population (Burow et al., 2014), and incorporation into cultivars could reduce the chance of a breakdown of resistance.Guar. (i) Foliar disease resistance. Greater resistance to Alternaria leaf spot and bacterial blight are needed. Lewis, Kinman, and Matador have limited resistance, but Monument is highly susceptible.D. Genetic diversity and molecular genetics.Peanut. SNP-based markers are needed. SSR markers were the most widely-used marker in peanut, but the polymorphism rate was low, and mapping and QTL analysis were time consuming. (i) Development of SNP-based markers. Transcriptome and low-density genomic sequencing (Clevenger et al.,2017a) have identified large numbers of SNPs. The challenge is to identify markers for traits and use these cost-effectively and rapidly. Needed are methods for economical genotyping for QTL discovery, and for breeding, a method for few markers but many accessions. (ii) Genetic diversity and GWAS. Studies of genetic diversity have used core and minicore collections for identification of resistance to disease, for early maturity, and tolerance to abiotic stress. SSR-trait associations (MTAs) were identified for response to water deficit. SNPs and additional phenotypic data need to be analyzed, and used in selection. (iii) QTL identification. QTLs have been identified in this and other programs for some of the key traits in this project - water deficit, high O/L, resistance to nematodes, leafspot, and TSWV. Identification of additional QTLs for abiotic stress tolerance, maturity, and resistance to Sclerotinia blight are needed. (iv) Marker-assisted selection. Numerous markers have been identified. Effective integration into the breeding program, especially for selection in early generations is needed.Guar (i) Genetic diversity. Identification of diversity in the TTU collection and in PIs is needed to identify sources of traits. Studies of genetic diversity have been conducted by others on accessions from India, Pakistan, and the U.S. PI system. (ii) GWAS. Despite diversity studies using allozymes, RAPDs, or AFLP markers, no markers exist for phenotypic traits. As we need to conduct a diversity study, GWAS would appear to be a useful method for marker identification.
Project Methods
A. Yield, Grade, and Seed Quality.Peanut. (i) Yield and Grade. Yield will be measured in two-row plots, approx. 10 to 20 feet long, in 3 or 4 replications, evaluated at AgriLife and on growers' farms. Grade will be measured as Percent Total Sound Mature Kernels, and weight of 100 sound mature kernels will be taken. (ii) Maturity, flavor, and oil analysis. Maturity will be determined on 50 pod samples, removing the exocarp and scoring color above the proximal seed. Oil composition will be performed using either an NIR or using KASP markers, and flavor analysis on release candidates out-sourced.Guar. (i) Yield and maturity. Guar will be planted in row plots with 3 or 4 replications. Plots will be harvested and seeds weighed after threshing and pod removal. Pod maturity will be evaluated by visual observation. (ii) Gum content. Measurement of gum content is labor-intensive, and will be performed by MIR or NIR if possible. We will collaborate with Dr. Abidi in developing an IR system for this purpose.B. Abiotic stress.Peanut (i) Water deficit stress tolerance. Breeding populations will be grown under full irrigation and under water deficit, measuring yield and grade. Water deficit, with a target of 25% ET replacement, will be imposed from the onset of flowering until ca. 105 DAP, after which both treatments will be irrigated at full irrigation (75% ET replacement). Additional field measurements will be made in germplasm collections (U.S. peanut minicore and selected CAP RIL populations) to identify accessions to use as parents, and for GWAS. (ii) Heat stress tolerance. Heat stress tolerance will be measured on the U.S. peanut minicore collection as acquired thermotolerance. (iii) High throughput phenotyping. We will collaborate in high-throughput phenotyping for tolerance to water deficit. This will compare ground measurements of flowering, SPAD, canopy temperature and coverage, paraheliotropism, yield, transpiration, transpiration efficiency, and harvest index on the peanut minicore to values from an infrared camera, LIDAR, and UAVs with high-resolution RGB cameras.Guar. (i) Water deficit. Yields will be measured under dryland to limited irrigation, from 0 in to 6in of applied irrigation, where yields range from ca. 400 to 1100 lb seed/ac.C. Disease resistance.Peanut. (i) Leafspot. Runner populations have been developed and others will be made from crosses between BC3-derived wild species introgression lines and AgriLife runner breeding lines or cultivars for which markers have been published. Early selection will be performed using DNA markers where available. Replicated breeding lines will be tested for resistance and yield. Spanish breeding lines have already been developed. (ii) Sclerotinia blight. Screening will commence with F3 or F4 breeding lines. Fields will be inoculated with sclerotia, and ratings in the fall taken on a 0-10 scale indicating proportion of diseased plants. (iii) TSWV. Populations will be made from crosses between AgriLife materials and TSWV-resistant cultivars. Published markers for TSWV resistance will be used for selection. (iv) Root-knot nematodes. Initial selection for root-knot nematode resistance will proceed using DNA markers. Final testing of advanced lines will be performed in fields where nematode infestion already occurs, or by greenhouse testing. We will advance other BC3-derived introgression lines, to develop near-isogenic introgression lines by marker-assisted backcrossing and nematode screening.Guar (i) Foliar diseases. Foliar diseases (Alternaria leaf spot, bacterial blight) will be assayed as they occur. Evaluation in Lubbock may be suitable, or if necessary, we will seek a more humid location such as Vernon that is more conducive to disease. Disease will be measured on a 0 to 5 scale.D. Genetic diversity and molecular genetics.Peanut. (i) Develop a set of SNP-based markers useful for interspecific and cultivated crosses, to be the primary marker platform. RNA-Seq data, RAD-Seq analysis of the peanut minicore and AgriLife breeding lines, or sequences used to develop the peanut SNP chip will be used to identify SNPs between parents of selected crosses. SNPs will be converted to KASP markers, distinguishing homologs from homoeologs by comparison to diploid A and B genome reference sequences. We will continue development of a multiplex PCR/genotype-by-resequencing method for QTL analysis. (ii) GWAS. We will expand our previous SSR-based association mapping of the U.S. peanut minicore collection for response to water deficit stress, and also use data on leaf spot, rust, pod rot, and Verticillium wilt. RAD-Seq data will be used for this analysis. High-throughput phenotyping for response to water deficit stress results will be compared to data obtained by use of the peanut SNP chip. (iii) QTL identification and mapping. Markers will be developed using introgression population field data for leafspot resistance, or from B genome diploid data from the greenhouse. Markers will be KASP-based, QTL analysis of new populations will depend on mid- or high-throughput SNP analyses. We will collaborate in evaluation of populations (currently C76-16 x Florida 07) as part of the Peanut Genome Initiative. (iv) Marker-assisted selection. Markers will be used to select early generation progeny (F2, F3). To preserve population size, we may select heterozygotes as well as homozygotes, self, then re-select for homozygotes. Available markers include root-knot nematode resistance, tolerance to water deficit, FAD2A and FAD2B, resistance to leaf spots in BC3-derived introgression lines. Markers for resistance to Sclerotinia, TSWV and leaf spots in cultivated materials have been published.Guar (i) Genetic diversity. We will perform field analysis on 130 accessions of the Texas Tech guar collection, measuring maturity, branching habit, and height of the first flowering node, yield, plant height, flowering pattern, leaf texture, pod length, days to maturity, and 100 seed weight. Plant introductions assayed by Morriswill be included, as well as accessions from TTU breeding populations. (ii) GWAS and Rad-Seq. We will send DNA of accessions for RAD-Seq analysis. Bioinformatics will initially involve de novo assembly of RAD-tags and calling variant alleles. We will align RAD-tags against the diploid reference genomes Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean) and Cajanus cajan (pigeonpea), using BWA or Bowtie, and call the variants using GATK. GWAS will be performed as for peanut.

Progress 10/01/19 to 09/30/20

Outputs
Target Audience:Texas Peanut Producers Board, Lubbock TX Peanut Genome Initiative U.S. peanut farmers, shellers, consumers Peanut farmers in Ghana, Senegal, and Burkina Faso, via Peanut Innovation Lab (USAID) Changes/Problems:No major changes have occurred. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The project is currently training three graduate students - two PhD (peanut) and one MS (guar). The MS student has successfully defended his thesis, and is revising it before submitting it to the Graduate School. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Through journal articles, scientific presentations, and multiplication of seed of peanut cultivars. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Analyze data from multi-year, multi-location Virginia trials and write up a proposal to release a high oleic Virginia peanut cultivar. Write up experiments identifying abiotic stress tolerance in peanut, test and advance populations to introduce abiotic stress tolerance into new varieties. Continue develop of SNP-based markers for peanut, and write up results for publication. Continue QTL analysis for leaf spot resistance. Continue evaluation of guar populations for yield, seed size, and disease resistance to determine whether there are any breeding lines that can be released as a superior cultivar.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Yield, Grade, and Seed Quality - Peanut. We have identified high-oleic Virginia breeding lines with superior yield, and are working on multi-year pooled analysis of data to determine which to release as a new cultivar. We have also performed breeder seed increase of the leading candidates. Yield, Grade, and Seed Quality - Peanut. We have performed breeder seed increases of Tamrun OL18L and Tamrun OL19, for which release proposals have been submitted. Yield, Grade, and Seed Quality - Guar: We evaluated two guar populations in the field for yield for the 3rd or 4th years. Several lines with yield and seed size superior to check varieties were identified, and a few lines also had superior resistance to Alternaria leaf spot.. Abiotic stress tolerance - peanut: A runner population was evaluated for yield and grade under water deficit and full irrigation. We also evaluated Virginia release candidates for yield and grade under water deficit to determine whether any of these have tolerance to water deficit. Disease resistance - peanut. A segregating runner/Spanish population was developed and is being tested for resistance to leaf spots in Ghana, and SSR-based QTLs were validated in a cross made by parents with a Spanish peanut background. Single plants of the population were grown out for increase in Texas, and were selected for Spanish plant type, and leaf samples were collected for DNA extraction and marker-assisted backcrossing into a high-oleic Spanish background suitable for cultivation in TX. Genetic diversity and molecular genetics - Peanut. We have also obtained SNP chip data on the US peanut minicore collection, and are being used for GWAS for traits related to response to water deficit stress.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Kulkarni, R, R. Chopra, J. Chagoya, C. E. Simpson, M. R. Baring, A. Hillhouse, N. Puppala, K. Chamberlin, and M. D. Burow. 2020. Use of targeted amplicon sequencing in peanut to generate allele information on allotetraploid sub-genomes. Genes Genes 11:1220; doi:10.3390 /genes11101220.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Farber, C., L. Sanchez, S. Rizevsky, A. Ermolenkov, B. McCutchen, J. Cason, C. Simpson, M. Burow, and D. Kurouski. 2020. Raman spectroscopy enables non-invasive identification of peanut genotypes and value-added traits. Sci. Rep. 10.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Sanon, E., K. Dao, F. B. Neya, B. M'Bi Zagr�, M. Burow, and Philippe Sankara. 2019. Essai de lutte int�gr�e combinant les pratiques culturales, la r�sistance vari�tale et chlorothalonil pour le contr�le des cercosporioses de l'arachide au Burkina Faso. Annale de lUniversit� Joseph KI-ZERBO S�rie C, vol. 015. pp 2424-7545.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Burow, M. D., J. Chagoya, R. Kulkarni, V. Belamkar, R. Chopra, M. Baring, C. E. Simpson J. Cason, P. Payton, and J. Mahan. (Jan. 2020) Validation of the Utility of GWAS-Derived Markers for Tolerance to Water Deficit in a Segregating Peanut Breeding Population. Intl. Plant and Animal Genome.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Tengey, T. K., C. E Simpson, N. Denwar, P. Sankara, J. Wilson, J. Chagoya, A. Hillhouse, V. Mendu, and M. D. Burow (Jan. 2020) Identification of QTLs for leaf spot and rust resistance in a BC3F6 interspecific peanut introgression population in West Africa and Texas using SNP markers. Intl. Plant and Animal Genome
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Pooja, S., P. Joshi, J. Devi Mura, V. Vadez, J. Pasupuleti, S. S. Singh1, M. Pandey, R. Varshney, P. Payton, M. Burow, and N. Puppala. (Mar. 2020) Identification and Mapping of QTLs Associated with Drought-Responsive Traits in a JUG-03 X Valencia-C Peanut Population Measured in the Field and Root Cylinders. Interdrought.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Pham, H., M. Gomez Selvaraj, K. R. Kottapalli, G. Burow, N. Puppala, P. Payton, J. J. Burke, and M. D. Burow. (Jul. 2020) Evaluation of Screening Methods for Heat Stress Tolerance in Peanut at Reproductive Stage. Proc. Amer. Peanut Res. Educ Soc.
  • Type: Other Status: Submitted Year Published: 2020 Citation: Baring, M. R., J. M. Cason, M. D. Burow, C. E. Simpson, J. Chagoya, and B. D. Bennett (submitted) Proposal to Release AG18' Peanut.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Burow, M. D., J. Chagoya, R. Kulkarni, M. Baring, C. E. Simpson, J. Cason, P. Payton, J. Mahan (Jul. 2020). Use of Marker-Assisted Breeding to Combine Tolerance to Water Deficit Stress with Disease Resistance and Edible Seed Quality. Proc. Amer. Peanut Res. Educ Soc.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Cason, J. M., A. Chang, B. D. Bennett, M. R. Baring, M. D. Burow, C. E. Simpson, and J. A. Landivar (Jul. 2020) Developing Phenotyping Tools Using Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) for Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Proc. Amer. Peanut Res. Educ Soc.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Commey, L., H. Sudini, H. Falalou, T. K. Tengey, M. D. Burow, and V. Mendu. (Jul. 2020) Seed Coat Biochemicals Mediates Aspergillus flavus Resistance in Peanut. Proc. Amer. Peanut Res. Educ Soc.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Simpson, C. E., J. M. Cason, M. R. Baring, M. D. Burow, B. D. Bennett. (Jul. 2020) Evaluating Emergence of Spanish Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) for Organic Peanut Production. Proc. Amer. Peanut Res. Educ Soc.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Sung, C.-J., P. Payton, J. Mahan, J. Chagoya and M. D. Burow. (Jul. 2020) Effect of Irrigation Levels on Peanut Production and Profitability. Proc. Amer. Peanut Res. Educ Soc.


Progress 10/01/18 to 09/30/19

Outputs
Target Audience:Texas Peanut Producers Board, Lubbock TX Peanut Genome Initiative U.S. peanut farmers, shellers, consumers Peanut farmers in Ghana, Senegal, and Burkina Faso, via Peanut Innovation Lab (USAID) Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The project is currently training three graduate students - two PhD (peanut) and one MS (guar). How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Through journal articles, scientific presentations, and multiplication of released peanut cultivars. A manuscript for registration of TAMVal OL14 was published. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Analyze data from multi-year, multi-location Virginia trials and write up a proposal to release a high oleic Virginia peanut cultivar. Write up experiments identifying abiotic stress tolerance in peanut, test and advance populations to introduce abiotic stress tolerance into new varieties. Continue develop of SNP-based markers for peanut, and write up results for publication. Continue QTL analysis for leaf spot resistance. Continue evaluation of guar populations for yield, seed size, and disease resistance to determine whether there are any breeding lines that can be released as a superior cultivar. Evaluate guar germplasm accessions to identify potential parents for crossing.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Yield, Grade, and Seed Quality - Peanut. We analyzed data from multi-location trials of the past three years and identified two runner breeding lines with superior combinations of yield and maturity. Likewise, we have identified high-oleic Virginia breeding lines with superior yield. Yield, Grade, and Seed Quality - Guar: We evaluated two guar populations in the field for yield for the 2nd or 3rd year. Several lines with yield and seed size superior to check varieties were identified. Abiotic stress tolerance - peanut: A population was evaluated for yield and grade under water deficit and full irrigation. Disease resistance - peanut. A segregating runner/Spanish population was developed and is being tested for resistance to leaf spots in Ghana, and QTLs identified in a runner population were validated in a cross made by parents with a Spanish peanut background. The population is being increased and selected for Spanish plant type or for marker-assisted backcrossing into a high-oleic Spanish background suitable for cultivation in TX. Genetic diversity and molecular genetics - peanut. We have worked on refining a SNP-based map of an interspecific peanut population.

Publications

  • Type: Book Chapters Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Gangurde, S. S., R. Kumar, A. K. Pandey, M. Burow, H. E. Laza, S. N. Nayak, B. Guo, B. Liao, R. S. Bhat, N. Madhuri, S. Hemalatha, H. K. Sudini, P. Janila, P. Latha, H. Khan, B. N. Motagi, T. Radhakrishnan, N. Puppala, R. K. Varshney, and M. K. Pandey. 2019. Climate-smart groundnuts for achieving high productivity and improved quality: current status, challenges, and opportunities in Genomic Designed of Climate-Smart Oilseed Crops. Springer. Cham, Switzerland. Pages 133-172.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Burow, M. D., M. R. Baring, J. Chagoya, C. Trostle, N. Puppala, C. E. Simpson, J. L. Ayers, J. M. Cason, A. M. Schubert, A. Muitia, and Y. L�pez. (2019) Registration of 'TAMVal OL14' Peanut. J. Plant Regist.13(2), 134-138.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Cobos, C.J., T. K. Tengey, V. K. Balasubramanian, L. D. Williams, H. K. Sudini, R. K. Varshney, H. Falalou, M. D. Burow, and V. Mendu. (2018) Employing Peanut Seed Coat Cell Wall Mediated Resistance Against Aspergillus flavus Infection and Aflatoxin Contamination. Preprints 2018, 2018080292 (doi: 10.20944/preprints201808.0292.v1).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Tengey, T. K. , C. E Simpson, N. Denwar, P. Sankara, A. Hillhouse, V. Mendu, and M. D. Burow. 2018. Identification of QTLs for leaf spot and rust resistance in a BC3F6 interspecific peanut introgression population in West Africa and Texas using SNP markers. Advances in Arachis Genomics and Biotechnology, Dakar SN.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Tengey, T. K. , C. E Simpson, N. Denwar, P. Sankara, A. Hillhouse, V. Mendu, and M. D. Burow. 2019. QTLs for leaf spot resistance, yield, and maturity in an interspecific peanut introgression population in West Africa and Texas using KASP marker. Proc. Amer Peanut Res Educ Soc., Auburn Ala.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Burow, M. R. Oteng-Frimpong, I. Faye, and C. Simpson. 2019. Breeding and Enhancement of Resistance to Leaf Spot, Tolerance to Water Deficit, and Improved Oil Composition in Groundnut. Peanut Innovation Lab Groundnut Projects Launching Workshop, Tamale, Ghana.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Kulkarni, R., K. S. Dorman, H. Wang, A. Wilkey, N. Weeks, M. D. Burow, and S. B. Cannon. (2019). Modeling for ambiguous SNP calls in allotetraploid peanut. National Association of Plant Breeders, Pine Mountain, Ga.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Cason, J. M., B. D. Bennett, C. E. Simpson, M. R. Baring, and M. D. Burow. 2019. Screening for resistance to Sclerotinia minor (Jagger). Proc. Amer Peanut Res Educ Soc., Auburn Ala.
  • Type: Other Status: Submitted Year Published: 2019 Citation: Burow, M. D., M. R. Baring, J. Chagoya, C. E. Simpson, J. M. Cason, and Y. L�pez. Proposal to Release 'Tamrun OL19' Peanut
  • Type: Other Status: Submitted Year Published: 2019 Citation: Burow, M. D., M. R. Baring, J. Chagoya, C. E. Simpson, J. M. Cason, and Y. L�pez. Proposal to Release Tamrun OL18L' Peanut


Progress 10/02/17 to 09/30/18

Outputs
Target Audience:Texas Peanut Producers Board Peanut Genome Initiative Texas and other U.S. peanut farmers, shellers, consumers Peanut farmers in Ghana and Burkina Faso, via Peanut and Mycotoxin Innovation Lab (USAID) Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The project graduated one student with a PhD (peanut), and is currently training two graduate students - one PhD (peanut) and one MS (guar). How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Through journal articles, scientific presentations, and multiplication of released peanut cultivars. A manuscript for registration of TAMVal OL14 was submitted for publication. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Analyze data from multi-location trials of the past three years and write up a proposal to release a second-generation early runner peanut cultivar. Write up experiments identifying abiotic stress tolerance in peanut, test and advance populations to introduce abiotic stress tolerance into new varieties. Continue develop of SNP-based markers for peanut, and write up results for publication. Continue QTL analysis for leaf spot resistance. Continue evaluation of guar populations to see if can release a new cultivar. Evaluate guar germplasm accessions to identify potential parents for crossing.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Yield, Grade, and Seed Quality - Peanut. Seed are being multiplied for the high oleic Valencia cultivar TAMVal OL14. This is the first high-oleic Valencia peanut developed by Texas A&M AgriLife, and outyields the check New Mexico Valencia C by 19%, and is expected to improve grower profitability. The high oleic trait improves shelf life and contributes to improved coronary health. Abiotic stress tolerance - peanut: QTLs for abiotic stress tolerance by association mapping were used to advance breeding lines for replicated trials. Another population was also evaluated for yield and grade under water deficit and full irrigation. Disease resistance - peanut. Two leafspot-resistant runner varietal releases proposals were submitted in Ghana. A segregating runner/Spanish population was developed and is being tested for resistance to leaf spots in Ghana, and is being increased for testing in Texas. Genetic diversity and molecular genetics - peanut. Preliminary analysis has identified SNP-based QTLs for resistance to leaf spots in an interspecific population, using a SNP marker map that we have developed.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Neya, F. B., K. Koita, S. Elise, B. M⿿bi Zagre, A. T. Nana, M. D. Burow, and P. Sankara. (2017) Agro-morphological Diversity of Six Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Breeding Lines from Three Geographical Areas. J. Exptl Agric International. 2017_JEAI_37686.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Chu, Y., C. C. Holbrook, T.G. Isleib, M. Burow, A. K. Culbreath, B. Tillman, J. Chen, J. Clevenger, and P. Ozias-Akins (2018) Phenotyping and genotyping parents of sixteen recombinant inbred peanut populations. Peanut Sci 45: 1-11.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Chopra, R., C. E. Simpson, A. Hillhouse, P. Payton, J. Sharma, and M. D. Burow. (2018) SNP Genotyping Reveals Major QTLs for Plant Architectural Traits between A- Genome Peanut Wild Species. Mol. Gen. Genom. 293:1477-1491.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Puppala, N., P. Payton, M. Burow, K. Chamberlin, L. L. Dean, A. Muitia, J. Chintu, and L. Makweti. (2017) NuMex-02 ⿿ AS High Oleic Valencia Peanut with Partial Resistance to Sclerotinia Blight. Proc. Amer. Peanut Res. Educ Soc.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Chu, Y. C. C. Holbrook, T. G. Isleib, M. Burow, A. K. Culbreath, B. Tillman, J. Chen, and P. Ozias-Akins. (2017) Phenotyping and Genotyping Parents of Sixteen Recombinant Inbred Peanut Populations. Proc. Amer. Peanut Res. Educ Soc.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Burow, M. D., R. Chopra, R. Kulkarni, T. Tengey, V. Belamkar, J. Chagoya, J. Wilson, M. G. Selvaraj, C. E. Simpson, M. R. Baring, F. Neya, P. Sankara, and N. Denwar. (2017) Development of SNP-Based Molecular Markers for a Peanut Breeding Program. Proc. Amer. Peanut Res. Educ Soc.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Chagoya, J., M. D. Burow, and M. R. Baring. (2017) Validation of Drought-Associated markers in Segregating Populations. Proc. Amer. Peanut Res. Educ Soc.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Tengey, T. K., R. Chopra, C. E. Simpson, A. Hillhouse, V. Mendu, and M. D. Burow. (2018) Development of a SNP-Based Map of a Peanut Wild Species Introgression Population by High-Throughput Analysis. Plant and Animal Genome Conf
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Kulkarni, R., R. Chopra, J. Chagoya, P. Grozdanov, C. E. Simpson, N. Puppala, K. Chamberlin, and M. D. Burow (2017) Targeted Resequencing in Peanuts using the Fluidigm Access Array. Proc. Amer. Peanut Res. Educ Soc.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Tengey, T. K., J. N. Wilson, R. Chopra, C. E. Simpson, J. Chagoya, A. Hillhouse, V. Mendu, and M. D. Burow. (2017) Development of a Draft SNP-Based Genetic Linkage Map of a Peanut BC1 Interspecific Introgression Population. Proc. Amer. Peanut Res. Educ Soc.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Burow, M. D., M. Balota, R. Bennett, N. Wang, P. Payton, J. Mahan, J. Chagoya, and C.-J. Sung. (2018) Evaluation of the U.S. Minicore Collection under Water Deficit in Three States. Proc. Amer. Peanut Res. Educ Soc. p. 12.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Chagoya, J., R. Kulkarni, M. Baring, J. Cason, C. Simpson, and M. Burow (2018). Evaluation of a Drought Tolerant, High Oleic, Disease Resistant Runner Population. Proc. Amer. Peanut Res. Educ Soc. p. 14.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Tengey, T. K., C. E Simpson, A. Hillhouse, V. Mendu, and M. D. Burow. (2018) Analysis of a BC3F6 Interspecific Peanut Introgression Population Using Genome- specific SNP Markers. Proc. Amer. Peanut Res. Educ Soc. p. 21.