Source: WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY EXTENSION SERVICE submitted to NRP
WV EXTENSION IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAM
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
OTHER GRANTS
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1014109
Grant No.
2017-70006-27157
Cumulative Award Amt.
$373,769.00
Proposal No.
2017-04386
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Sep 1, 2017
Project End Date
Aug 31, 2022
Grant Year
2020
Program Code
[EIP]- Extension Implementation Program
Recipient Organization
WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY EXTENSION SERVICE
PO BOX 6031
MORGANTOWN,WV 26506
Performing Department
Extension Service - ANR
Non Technical Summary
This is an EIP project submitted by West Virginia University. It addresses the priorities of the CPPM program such as "to disseminate IPM knowledge and improve adoption of IPM practices" and "implementation of IPM practices on a broad scale." It also aims to "reduce human health risks, and to reduce environmental risks" as outlined in the National IPM Roadmap. This project is also structured to meet the needs identified by the IPM stakeholder committee in West Virginia with active collaboration from West Virginia State University and the integration of five different disciplines. The primary priority of this project is IPM Implementation in Specialty Crops (35% of total budget) which has the following two objectives: 1) IPM Implementation and Evaluation in Commercial Tree Fruit Production; and 2) IPM Implementation and Evaluation in Other Specialty Crops. There are four secondary priority areas for this project: 1) IPM Conservation Partnerships (18% of total budget); 2) IPM Support for Diagnostic Facilities (6% of total budget); 3) IPM Education for Pesticide Applicators (5% of total budget); and 4) IPM Partnerships in Wide-Area Pest Monitoring and Reporting Systems (4% of total budget). We plan to build upon the successful programming efforts accomplished during the 2014-'17 cycle to strengthen partnerships between NRCS and the State Master Gardener Association and to build our program to the next level to further implement IPM in commercial orchards and other specialty crops, and to engage in 'Citizen Science' projects to foster IPM at the end-user level. We have outlined well-defined extension programs to reach out to commercial orchardists, vegetable and small-fruit producers, county agents, Master Gardeners, pesticide applicators, homeowners, and consumer horticulture providers. Training workshops, demonstrations, field days, pest ID and diagnostic clinics, Go-to-Meetings (teleconference), extension meetings, newsletters, fact-sheets, pamphlets, Ag-Alerts, etc., will be utilized to deliver the program. Implementation of IPM practices and resultant benefits such as pesticide use reduction will be determined using the matrix detailed in the evaluation component of this proposal. The program coordinator is Rakesh Chandran and administrative contact is Ronnie Helmondollar. The co-PD's are Mirjana Bulatovic-Danilovich, Daniel Frank, Barbara Liedl, Allison Nichols, and Mahfuz Rahman. Approximately, 33% of the total budget is allocated for administration and coordination of the project.
Animal Health Component
80%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
0%
Applied
80%
Developmental
20%
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
2161110116033%
2161110113034%
2161110114033%
Knowledge Area
216 - Integrated Pest Management Systems;

Subject Of Investigation
1110 - Apple;

Field Of Science
1130 - Entomology and acarology; 1160 - Pathology; 1140 - Weed science;
Goals / Objectives
The primary goal of the IPM Extension Implementation Program in West Virginia is to build on past success to increase IPM Implementation in Specialty Crops through educational and other outreach programs for commercial orchardists, vegetable and small-fruit producers, county agents, Master Gardeners, homeowners, and consumer horticulture providers. The secondary goals are: 1) to form IPM Conservation Partnerships with NRCS to help implement an IPM program in commercial orchards; 2) to Support IPM Pest Diagnostic Facilities; 3) to support IPM Education for Pesticide Applicators; and 4) to support IPM Partnerships in Wide-Area Pest Monitoring and Reporting Systems. We will continue to document the implementation of IPM practices overall.
Project Methods
The evaluation plan for this project will include collection of output information such as number and topics of workshops and educational meetings, number of people trained, number and type of mentoring situations initiated by experts, number and type of reports, articles, and other information distributed, and websites and other media outlets developed. It will also document short-term outcomes (learning), measured by pre-/post questionnaires, observations, and interviews (See logic model and measurement chart for details.); medium-term outcomes (action), using methods such as logs by participants and monitoring by a scout (See logic model and measurement chart for details.); and long-term outcomes (conditions) primarily by comparison of records collected at the beginning of the project with records collected at the end of year 1, 2, and 3.Evaluation tools will be developed at the beginning of the project. They will include questionnaires, log sheets, and interview/focus group questions.

Progress 09/01/17 to 08/31/22

Outputs
Target Audience:The WVU Extension Implmentation Program targets commercial fruit orchardists, small farm producers, vegetable growers, Master Gardeners, county agents, producers, and home owners/backyard gardeners. During the reporting period we have reached over 10,000 target audience individuals which included participants from the above groups. The target audience were mostly from West Virginia but included few from the neighboring states of Ohio, Kentucky, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia. Efforts included on-site visits at grower locations, classroom education, demonstrations, displays, field-days, workshops, distance education, and training, along with dissemination of information through various extension publications. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Pesticide videos benefited 201 pesticide applicators with 5 re-certification credits in 13 counties and online platform. Pre/posttest results indicated that about 71% of the pesticide applicators increased knowledge about IPM and pesticide safety. A weed display was set up at the West Virginia State Fair, various MG fairs, NRCS and County Agent training programs, and the Small Farm Conference. Diagnostic training was provided to county agents, master gardeners and other clientele for right diagnosis of plant problems to promote integrated management options with reduced amount of chemicals. The project provided training opportunities for commercial orchardists, small farmers, homeowners, community gardeners, and members of the landscaping industry though twilight meetings, demonsrations, pesticide video, pest ID displays, brochures etc. Training was provided for Master Gardeners during the MG State Conference and during county level meetings. A weed display was set up at the West Virginia State Fair, various MG fairs, NRCS and County Agent training programs, and the Small Farm Conference. An IPM booth was also set up at state level conferences where ANR participated. Diagnostic training was provided to county agents, master gardeners and other clientele for right diagnosis of plant problems to promote integrated management options with reduced amount of chemicals. As part of the progress report for the period, we have continued with Extension Master Gardener Program education by offering online training. We offered 18 three-hour sessions per cycle with a total of 214 educational hours. Currently, we are nearing the end of a spring Extension Master Gardener Training cycle that has 18 three-hour sessions or 54 educational hours. In each cycle, there were six sessions where IPM was a major part of the curriculum. IPM associate scouted orchards on a regular basis to bring updated disease situation and necessary samples to the diagnostic lab for identification of suspected diseases. Messages on disease risk and need for spray were sent to clientele as SMS on their cell phones in a timely manner as well. We also conducted a demonstration on managing 'bitter pit' disease on 'Honeycrisp' apple at Kearneysville tree fruit research and education center with different combinations of calcium and manganese in 2021 that produced good results. Growers may adopt this technology to reduce incidence and severity of bitter pit in 'Honeycrisp' apple. This demonstration is being repeated in 2022 in two locations as on-farm trials. We planned a field day on June 22, 2022 to show the results to growers. Cucurbit downy mildew forecast, and disease risk was sent to county agents' listserv as 'AgAlerts' to share with vegetable growers so that they could take measures on time. We engaged master gardeners from 3 counties to report suspected incidence of downy mildew on cucurbit crop, which helped use immensely in generating the forecast. In addition, late blight of tomato and potato was tracked from https://usablight.org/map/ to determine the need for preventative measures in the state. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?IPM Display Booths were set up at two commercial orchards' Farm Markets. The target audience for these educational units were consumers with our goal increase their awareness about IPM in general and to let them understand its importance, benefits to human health and the environment. Brochures with details were also provided. The orchardists indicated that the display booths and stations attaracted significant traffic. Results were disseminated through various outreach events including: West Virginia Pesticide Recertification Workshops, West Virginia County Agents Association Training Workshop, Ag-Beats, Crop Pest and Production Updates, West Virginia Urban Agriculture Conference, West Virginia Master Gardener Annual Conference, West Virginia Small Farm Conference, Fruit Growers Twilight meetings, Field Days and Demonstrations, State Fair etc. The project provided training opportunities for commercial orchardists, small farmers, homeowners, community gardeners, and members of the landscaping industry though twilight meetings, demonsrations, pesticide video, pest ID displays, brochures etc. Various other extension publications were also generated to disseminate our results. Other dissemination activities included: Targeted emails to interested parties and county extension agents Publications posted on the WVU Extension web page or other agency websites. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Impacts of Monitoring Programs for Insect Pests in West Virginia Specialty Crops Monitoring programs for insect pests are a central component of IPM because they allow farmers to track changes in the severity of infestations over time and can reduce unneeded insecticides. Monitoring programs can indicate low population densities, resulting in less insecticide applications by eliminating certain cover sprays. This can improve the quality of marketable products by improving the timing of needed insecticide applications. Orchards For optimal control, sprays should be based on DD (degree day) accumulations from biofix (the first sustained flight of moths) and depend on the different modes of action of the products available. As part of the EIP project, we monitored codling moths, Oriental fruit moths, tufted apple bud moths, and redbanded leafrollers throughout the growing season at USDA-ARS Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Shanhlotz orchards, Orr farm, and Kitchen Farm. We recommended insecticide applications when captures in pheromone traps exceed the threshold of 5 codling moths/trap/week. We monitored about 74 acres of apple in Orr Farm which is one of the biggest farms in the region. Their apple blocks are located in Berkeley County, WV. The blocks are managed for processing and retail production, and total approximately 100 acres in size. The farm contains 7 varieties of apples; Fuji, Gala, Golden Delicious, Greening, Jonamac, Red Delicious, and York. Growers of WV use an average of six applications to manage codling moths per season. Based on this average, our monitoring results, and the average cost of $90 of insecticide application per acre, our recommendations could have saved $25,168 and $28,764 for this farm in 2021 and 2022, respectively. Rimon insecticide is commonly used to manage codling moth and its application rate is about 0.07 gallons of Rimon per acre. Using Rimon rate as a baseline for pesticides, we stopped the application of 47 gallons of insecticides in Orr Farm to manage codling moth during two growing seasons. We also monitored apple pests in the Kitchen farm. Apple blocks are in Berkeley County, WV and the farm is approximately 90 acres in size. The farm contains 16 varieties of apples: Fuji, Gala, Golden Delicious, Red Delicious, York, Rome, Jonagold, Gold Rush, Enterprise, Pink Lady, Ginger Gold, Cameo, Red Free, Lodi, Honeycrisp, and Ida Red Based on our recommendation and parameters mentioned above, Kitchen farm could have saved about $10,800 in 2021 and $15,390 in 2022. If the farm manager followed our recommendation, we estimated we avoided the application of 23 gallons of insecticides. We created biofix dates and weekly trap captures for the mentioned pest. Results were sent through email in our bi-weekly newsletter, Orchard Updates. We sent twelve updates to seventeen subscribed growers during the grower season. On average, our Orchard Updates emails had 56 percent open rate. Our information could improve the efficacy of insecticides, which reduce unmarketable fruits and increase production. Vegetables Our program also monitored insects that migrate each year from the south that have the potential to damage vegetable, field crops and vegetative cover on pipelines. Our program determines insect population dynamics to improve pest control on other WV agricultural crops. For example, black cutworm cannot overwinter in the state. Instead, it migrates from the south in spring. We use pheromone traps to determine the first migratory flight, which serves as the "biofix" or designated starting point. From the biofix or intensive capture, an average of 300 degree-days (based on 50°F) is required for the black cutworm to develop from the egg to fourth instar larval stage. Black cutworm larvae can cut corn from the fourth-instar stage until pupation; consequently, the injurious cutting stage may last 2½ to 3 weeks, depending on temperature. Corn is vulnerable to cutting from emergence through the five-leaf growth stage. We monitored black cutworm, fall armyworm, and Western bean cutworm. Information was shared on WVU social media platforms. Although our target audience is vegetable growers, we have received positive feedback from pipeline cover and forage managers. In 2021, we detected an outbreak of fall armyworms and we helped to control this pest in several hundred acres of pipeline covers and forage crop. We recommended the used of reduced-risk insecticides such as Bt and spinosad to reduce the impact on our soil and water resources. A workshop targeted pesticide applicators of the 4A (Ornamental & Turf Outdoors) and 11 (Demonstration and Research) categories. There were 34 participants. Based on a follow up survey, participants increased their knowledge on Sprayer calibration (85%), use of hand-held weed wiper (80%), disease management (90%), pollinators (75%) and identification of plant problems (80%). Also, 85% of the participants will change and/or start using at least one of the IPM recommendations in this workshop. IPM associate scouted orchards on a regular basis to bring updated disease situation and necessary samples to the diagnostic lab for identification of suspected diseases. Messages on disease risk and need for spray were sent to clientele as SMS on their cell phones in a timely manner. Decision support system for tree fruit and vegetable growers of the state: Two more weather stations were added to Network of Environmental and Weather Applications (NEWA) IPM tool to provide disease forecasting to tree fruit growers in the state. By using these and previously installed weather stations we produced disease prediction for Scab and fire blight of apple during 2022 spring for various orchards in the major fruit growing counties of the state. We also produced and sent advisories to growers as AgAlert for taking preventative measures. Tree fruit twilight meetings were conducted virtually to deliver educational materials on disease management. We continued distributing seed packets of blight tolerant tomato varieties for 2022 growing season. Demonstration of tomato soilborne disease management of strawberry using biofumigation, biological control agent and anaerobic soil disinfestation is being continued at the WVU organic farm. In weed management research, it was determined that Japanese stiltgrass, an invasive weed in pastures and woodlots emerged as GDD50F averaged 78 whereas, joint-head Arthraxon, anonther non-native invasive germinated when mean GDD50F reached 102 to 129. Joint-head grass appeared to have a longer window (4 to 8 weeks) of germination period compared to that of Japanese stilt-grass (3 to 4 weeks). We also determined that in a landscape, in-season control of the invasive weed mugwort after bloom could be obtained by wiping a 25% solution on ~10 leaves (on each shoot); 4% solutionapplied to mugwort before bloom provided adequate control using a hand-held weed wiper. Such findings have the potential to time herbicie application and to reduce the load of active ingredients into the environment through targeted and better timed applications.

Publications

  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Quesada, C R. Biology and management of pine needle scale. IPM Chronicle (1st ed., vol. 9), West Virginia University. https://extension.wvu.edu/files/d/ddff8c8f-1e64-4f6f-95ca-89018b1319c8/ipm-newsletter-vol-9-issue-1-winter-2021.pdf
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Quesada, C R. Beneficial insects commonly encountered by gardeners. WVU Extension Service, West Virginia University. https://extension.wvu.edu/lawn-gardening-pests/gardening/garden-management/beneficial-insects
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Frank, D., Chandran, R.S. Orchard floor weed cover does not influence infestation of peach trees by the peachtree borer, Synanthedon exitiosa. 2021. Proceedings of the 1st International Electronic Conference on Entomology, 115 July 2021, MDPI: Basel, Switzerland, doi:10.3390/IECE-10408
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Chandran, R.S., M. Danilovich, C. Quesada, S. Owen, M.M. Rahman. IPM Chronicle  Winter 2022. 10(1)1-4. West Virginia University Extension Service Publication: AG 22-9.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Chandran, R.S., M. Danilovich, C. Quesada, S. Owen, M.M. Rahman. IPM Chronicle  Fall 2021. 9(4)1-5. West Virginia University Extension Service Publication: AG 21-106
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Derr, J.F. and R.S. Chandran. 2021. Orchard Weed Control. In Pfeiffer, D. G. (Ed.), 2021 Spray Bulletin for Commercial Tree Fruit Growers. Va. Coop. Ext. Serv. Publ. 456-419
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Wallace, J., D. Lingenfelter, Q. Johnson, M. VanGessel, K. Vollmer, T. Besancon, M.L. Flessner, and R. S. Chandran. 2021. 2021 Mid-Atlantic Field Crop Weed Management Guide. The Pennsylvania State University AGRS-136.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: E. Ernest, M. Infante-Casella, H.B. Doughty, G.C. Johnson, W. Kline, T.P. Kuhar, T.J. Orton, J.M. Wilson, M.J. VanGessel, R.W. VanVranken, K. Vollmer, R.A. Arancibia, T. Besan�on, D.B. Langston, D. Owens, K. Holmstrom, J. Ingerson-Mahar, C.A. Wyenandt,, G.C. Hamilton, P.D. Hastings, G.E. Brust, K. Demchak L.W. Jett, F. Di Gioia, K.L. Everts, T.E. Elkner, R.S. Chandran, M.J. Hu, E. S�nchez, M.M. Rahman, D. Lingenfelter, J.M. Wallace, S.J. Fleischer, B.J. Lingbeek, B.K. Gugino. 2019. In C.A. Wyenandt and M.M.I. van Vuuren (Coordinators) , T. P. Kuhar, G. C. Hamilton, M. J. VanGessel, R. A. Arancibia, and C.A. Wyenandt, (Discipline
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Rahman, M. M. (2021). National Plant Diagnostic Network Protocols and Validation Committee: Best Practice Guidelines in plant disease diagnostics (12th ed., vol. 111, pp. 2025). St. Paul, MN: American Phytopathological Society.
  • Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2021 Citation: Rahman, M. M. (2021). Performance of several bio-rational compounds on eggplant for the management of Verticillium wilt (7th ed., vol. 111, pp. 1060). St Plaul, MN: American Phytopathological Society.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Rahman, M. M. (2021). Hydrogen Peroxide Detoxifying Enzymes Showed Different Activities at Different Timing in Host and Nonhost Plants Interactions with Wheat Blast Fungus Magnaporthe Oryzae Triticum Pathotype. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants/Springer, 27, 2127-2139. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12298-021-01057-4
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Rahman, M. M. (2021). Biocontrol agent, biofumigation, and grafting with resistant rootstock suppress soil-borne disease and improve yield of tomato. Crop protection /Elsevier, 145, (105630). https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0261219421001009?via%3Dihub
  • Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Rahman, M. M., Smart, A. (2021). NPDN Protocols and Validation Quick and Useful Tips for Strawberry Anthracnose Latent Infection Diagnosis (11th ed., vol. 2). Starkville, MS: NPDN. https://www.npdn.org/newsletter/2021/12/article/4
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Fieweger, S., Rahman, M. (2021). NPDN Best Practices Guidelines (BPG) for Diagnostic Laboratories (3rd ed., vol. 9). Davis, CA: National Plant Diagnostic Network Communicator. https://www.npdn.org/system/files/Best%20Practices%20for%20Plant%20Disease%20Diagnostic%20Laboratories- August%2016%202021.pdf
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Quesada, C. R. (2021). Monitor Lawns and Fields for Proactive Control of Fall Armyworms. WVNLA (West Virginia Nursery & Landscape Association) News (Fall 2021 ed.). Morgantown: WVNLA News. https://wvnla.org/wpcontent/ uploads/2021/11/Updated-Fall-2021-web.pdf
  • Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Jett, L., Quesada, C. (2021). Blackberries: A profitable crop for West Virginia farms. Farm Bureau News (vol. Spring 2021).
  • Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Quesada, C. R. (2021). Elongate hemlock scale. Morgantown: WVUES. https://extension.wvu.edu/lawn-gardeningpests/ pests/elongate-hemlock-scale
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Quesada, C. R. (2021). AgAlert! Fall Armyworms. Morgantown: WVUES. https://extension.wvu.edu/lawn-gardeningpests/ news/2021/09/01/agalert-fall-armyworms
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Quesada, C. R. (2021). Beneficial insects commonly encountered by gardeners. Morgantown: WVUES. https://extension.wvu.edu/lawn-gardening-pests/gardening/garden-management/beneficial-insects
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Bulatovic-Danilovich, M. (2021). Elderberry: Rediscovered crop because of health benefits. Morgantown:. https://mailchi.mp/mail.wvu.edu/anr-research-notes-4745001?e=060f8c45ad
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Bulatovic-Danilovich, M. 2021: Lowering pH of the Soil. WVU Extension Service. Bulletin - https://extension.wvu.edu/agriculture/horticulture/lowering-soil-ph
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Mata-Padrino, D. J., Pena-Yewtukhiw, E. M., Bulatovic-Danilovich, M., & Verlinden, S. (2021) Feasibility of Taro Production in West Virginia [Abstract]. ASA, CSSA, SSSA International Annual Meeting, Salt Lake City, UT. https://scisoc.confex.com/scisoc/2021am/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/135332
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Mahfuz Rahman, Md Nur Alam Miah and Whitney Dudding. 2022. Mechanisms involved with Bacilli mediated abiotic and biotic stress tolerance in plants. Pp169-196, Islam, M.T., Rahman, M. and Pandey, P. (eds) Bacilli in Agrobiotechnology: Plant Stress Tolerance, Bioremediation and Bioprospecting, Springer AG, Basel, Switzerland.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: M. Rahman and W. L. Dudding. 2022. Chemical control of downy mildew in cucumber cultivar Silver Slicer in West Virginia, 2021. Plant Disease Management Reports 16:V089.
  • Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2022 Citation: Quesada C R. Asian giant hornets, European hornets and cicada killers. IPM Chronicle (volume 10, issue 1). WVUES, West Virginia University. https://extension.wvu.edu/files/d/ad5cc530-5901-451d-a7a8-b962d144c0e9/ipm-newsletter-vol- 10-issue-1-winter-2022.pdf
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: M. Rahman and W. L. Dudding. 2022. Chemical control of anthracnose fruit rot in strawberry cultivar Chandler in West Virginia, 2021. Plant Disease Management Reports 16:PF008. https://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/pub/trial/PDMR/reports/2022/PF008.pdf
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Quesada C R. Susceptibility of selected oak tree species to oak shothole leafminer. ANR Research Notes, West Virginia University. https://mailchi.mp/963fbbd64daa/anr-research-notes-4737777
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Quesada C R. Monitoring wireworms before planting potatoes. IPM Chronicle (volume 10, issue 2). WVUES, West Virginia University.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Quesada C R. Insects and insecticides related to hemp production. WVUES ANR Research notes. West Virginia University. https://mailchi.mp/mail.wvu.edu/anr-research-notes-4760592?e=b492d4a467
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Quesada, C R. Be on the lookout for fall armyworms. IPM Chronicle (vol. 9, issue 4). WVUES, West Virginia University. https://extension.wvu.edu/files/d/df2516e1-90f7-4383-86f7-9272d10adfad/ipm-newsletter-vol-9-issue-4-fall-2021.pdf
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Quesada, C R. Biology and control of bagworms. IPM Chronicle (3rd ed., vol. 9). WVUES, West Virginia University. https://extension.wvu.edu/files/d/eeaff0cf-bed8-4214-bafc-c8778d4f1304/ipm-newsletter-vol-9-issue-3-summer-2021.pdf
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Quesada, C R. Spotted lanternfly update. IPM Chronicle (2nd ed., vol. 9), West Virginia University. https://extension.wvu.edu/files/d/5790982d-3953-4b57-9be4-08cc3f916b52/ipm-newsletter-vol-9-issue-2-spring-2021.pdf NIFA Support Acknowledged YES Report


Progress 09/01/20 to 08/31/21

Outputs
Target Audience:The WVU Extension Implmentation Program targets commercial fruit orchardists, small farm producers, vegetable growers, Master Gardeners, county agents, producers, and home owners/backyard gardeners. During the reporting period we have reached over 8,000 target audience individuals which included participants from the above groups, and row crop producers. The target audience were mostly from West Virginia but included few from the neighboring states of Ohio, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia. Efforts included on-site visits at grower locations, classroom education, demonstrations, displays, field-days, workshops, distance education, and training, along with dissemination of information through various extension publications such as the IPM Chronicle Newsletter, Fact sheets, journal articles, book chapters, etc. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?A workshop was developed to train extension agents and orchardiststhat signed up to follow our tree fruit IPM plan. The number of participants was limited due to WVU COVID-19 guidelines. Training included: pest and beneficial insect identification, pest control, insect traps using pheromones and disease monitoring. Participants (10) took a quiz before and after the workshop. Part of the quiz consisted of identifying 14 insect species to determine the skill of the participant to recognize insects related to fruit crop. Our results indicate that participants increased their knowledge of insect identification by 58% and 80% of the participants responded correctly to the question about where pheromones traps should be located for codling moth compared to 10% before workshop. Pesticide videos benefited 201 pesticide applicators with 5 re-certification credits in 13 counties and online platform. Pre/post-test results indicated that about 71% of the pesticide applicators increased knowledge about IPM and pesticide safety. A weed display was set up at the West Virginia State Fair, various MG fairs, NRCS and County Agent training programs, and the Small Farm Conference. Diagnostic training was provided to county agents, master gardeners and other clientele for right diagnosis of plant problems to promote integrated management options with reduced amount of chemicals. The project provided training opportunities for commercial orchardists, small farmers, homeowners, community gardeners, and members of the landscaping industry though twilight meetings, demonsrations, pesticide video, pest ID displays, brochures etc. Training was provided for Master Gardeners during the MG State Conference and during county level meetings.A weed display was set up at the West Virginia State Fair, various MG fairs, NRCS and County Agent training programs, and the Small Farm Conference. An IPM booth was also set up at state level conferences where ANR participated. Diagnostic training was provided to county agents, master gardeners and other clientele for right diagnosis of plant problems to promote integrated management options with reduced amount of chemicals. Training was provided for Master Gardeners during the MG State Conference and during county level meetings. Trainings at various state and local conferences/workshops/meetings (e.g. West Virginia Small Farm Conference, Master Gardener Annual Conference, Ag-Beats Crop Pest and Production updates, NRCS sponsored workshops). Four tree fruit grower meetings were organized in 2019. We will be requesting farmers where on-site demonstaration on the use of beneficials in greenhouses/high tunnels to speak at workshops or conferences around the state about their experiences. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results were disseminated through various outreach events including: West Virginia Pesticide Recertification Workshops, West Virginia County Agents Association Training Workshop, Ag-Beats, Crop Pest and Production Updates, West Virginia Urban Agriculture Conference, West Virginia Master Gardener Annual Conference, West Virginia Small Farm Conference, Fruit Growers Twilight meetings, Field Days and Demonstrations, State Fair etc. The project provided training opportunities for commercial orchardists, small farmers, homeowners, community gardeners, and members of the landscaping industry though twilight meetings, demonsrations, pesticide video, pest ID displays, brochures etc. Various other extension publications were also generated to disseminate our results. Other dissemination activities included: Targeted emails to interested parties and county extension agents Publications posted on the WVU Extension web page or other agency websites IPM Display Booths were set up at two commercial orchards' Farm Markets. The target audience for these educational units were consumers with our goal increase their awareness about IPM in general and to let them understand its importance, benefits to human health and the environment. Brochures with details were also provided. The orchardists indicated that the display booths and stations attaracted significanttraffic. We had to refill the brochure stations. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Tree fruit under the plan will be monitored for insect pests, and diseases. IPM tactics such as mating disruption for codling moth was implemented. Weather stations will be used to help make IPM decisions. Demonstration gardens/landscapes will be maintained at the WV State Fair Grounds in Greenbrier County. Monitor the success of disease resistant tomatoes released through our program and also provide other IPM support for disease management as outlined in our activities for past three years. Monitor for insect pests in field/row crop pests in Jackson, Randolph and Monongalia Counties, WV. Biofix dates and/or weekly trap captures for all insect pests will be emailed to growers and extension agents. Continue to publish the "IPM Chronicle", "ANR Research Notes", "Weed of the Week" etc. IPM Display booths will be set up at the West Virginia State Fair, and various other events. We will promote the IPM brochure through various avenues to the end users. Publish results related to field experiments to manage certain invasive weedy species in pastures. Continue to provide various diagnostic services as outlined in the proposal. Continue to provide general training meetings, pesticide safety workshops throughout the state to provide recertification for various categories of pesticide applicators.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? We calculated the biofix dates for codling moth, oriental fruit moth and tufted apple budmoth because they are the most problematic insect pest in WV. Biofix is the calendar date on which the first sustained capture of insects from the overwintering generation occurs. Biofix dates were calculated in Berkeley and Hampshire counties where most of apple production is stablished in WV. We monitored and reported population of codling moth, oriental fruit moth, tufted apple budmoth, leaf rollers on two farms that agreed to use IPM practices to reduced pesticide applications. Based on monitoring data and biofix dates, we made recommendations to control insect pests. We recommended reduced risk pesticide only when economic thresholds were reached. After analyzing monitoring data, results showed that codling moth populations were correlated with distance from harvest bins in two different farms. In addition, codling moth population were near economic threshold even after several insecticide applications on one of the farms. Hence, we hypothesize that overwintering codling moth reinfest nearby areas from harvest bins it was caused by the re-infestation from codling moth overwintering on harvest bins. More data will be collected in the following year and will be published. See figure below for more details. Monitoring for insect pest in sweetcorn was conducted in Jackson and Monongalia Counties. Insect pest included corn earworm, fall armyworm, and true armyworm. Because of this monitoring program, we detected a fall armyworm outbreak and created an Ag Alert to help control fall armyworm in forage grasses, pipeline vegetation cover, and turf. Decision support system for tree fruit and vegetable growers of the state: Although pandemic situation in 2020-21restricted our travel to field sites, we were able to produce disease prediction for fire blight by using the data from pre-installed weather stations at various orchards in the major fruit growing counties of the state. As weather data directly uploaded in the 'Network for Environment and Weather Applications (NEWA)' site to produce disease forecast, pandemic did not affect this activity. Tree fruit twilight meetings were conducted virtually to deliver educational materials on disease management. IPM associate scouted orchards on a regular basis to bring updated disease situation and necessary samples to the diagnostic lab for identification of suspected diseases. Messages on disease risk and need for spray were sent to clientele as SMS on their cell phones in a timely manner. We also conducted a demonstration on managing 'bitter pit' disease on 'Honeycrisp' apple at Kearneysville tree fruit research and education center with different combinations of calcium and manganese. Cucurbit downy mildew forecast, and disease risk was sent to county agents' listserv as 'AgAlerts' to share with vegetable growers so that they could take measures on time. We engaged master gardeners from 3 counties to report suspected incidence of downy mildew on cucurbit crop, which helped use immensely in generating the forecast. Late blight of tomato and potato was tracked from https://usablight.org/map/ to determine the need for preventative measures in the state. As the disease risks were low in both 2020 and 2021 growing season, growers did not spray any chemicals against late blight disease on tomatoes and potatoes. Other integrated disease management activities:Failure of any product in providing expected disease control was not reported from any grower indicating that their rotation of products with different modes of action significantly improved the situation of resistance management. We distributed 250 seed packets of blight tolerant tomato varieties during 2020-21 growing seasons. Most of these growers collected seeds from these tomatoes for future plantings indicating adoption of disease resistance as an IPM tool. Demonstration of tomato soilborne disease management with biofumigation, biological control agents and grafted tomatoes were done at the WVU certified organic farm. Similar demonstration was also done with strawberry using biofumigation, biological control agent and anaerobic soil disinfestation. Steps in successful tomato grafting were described during virtual meeting arranged for master gardeners' certification classes and small farm meeting IPM session. In weed control research it was determined that in a landscape, in-season control of the invasive weed mugwort after bloom could be obtained by wiping a 25% solution on ~10 leaves (on each shoot); 4% solution applied to mugwort before bloom provided adequate control using a hand-held weed wiper. In other weed management research, it was determined that Japanese stiltgrass, an invasive weed in pastures and woodlotsemerged as GDD50F averaged 78 whereas, joint-head Arthraxon, anonther non-native invasivegerminated when mean GDD50F reached 102 to 129. Joint-head grass appeared to have a longer window (4 to 8 weeks) of germination period compared to that of Japanese stilt-grass (3 to 4 weeks. A survey was conducted to get a better feel for IPM programming in Vegetables. It was determined that 50%the respondents raised field-grown vegetables, 39% in High tunnels, and 11% in greenhouses. IPM practices were implemented mostly in greenhouse systems followed by field-grown crops. More than two-thirds of the growers across all production systems that responded indicated that they either used either IPM or IPM-influenced organic practices to manage pests in their operations. The most common pest problem encountered by growers in controlled environments was insect pests followed by plant diseases. All four types of pests were more-or-less uniformly (23% to 26%) distributed in field-grown crops. However, stark contrasts were evident between controlled environments and field-grown crops based on the ranking of pest type. Insects, plant diseases or weeds, and vertebrate pests were ranked 1-4 respectively in controlled environments, whereas the opposite ranking order was revealed in field-grown specialty crops, where vertebrate pests such as deer, rodents, and birds were ranked as the worst pest problem by the respondents.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Frank, D.L., Starcher, S., Chandran, R.S. 2020. Comparison of Mating Disruption and Insecticide Application for Control of Peachtree Borer and Lesser Peachtree Borer (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) in Peach. Insects 2020, 11, 658.
  • Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Chandran, R.S. 2020. Sustainable weed coexistence in corn crops. Scientia Global  Biology, March 19, 2020.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Chandran, R.S., M. Danilovich, S. Owen, M.M. Rahman, B. Liedl. IPM Chronicle  Spring/Summer 2020. 8(2-3)1-8. West Virginia University Extension Service Publication: AG 20-25.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Chandran, R.S., M. Danilovich, S. Owen, M.M. Rahman, B. Liedl. IPM Chronicle  Winter 2020. 7(2)1-7. West Virginia University Extension Service Publication. AG 20-24.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Chandran, R.S. 2020. Weed of the Week  Yellow Woodsorrel. WVU Extension Service Webpage Fact Sheet. https://extension.wvu.edu/lawn-gardening-pests/weeds/yellow-woodsorrel
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Chandran, R.S. 2020. Weed of the Week  Japanese Stiltgrass. WVU Extension Service Webpage Fact Sheet. https://extension.wvu.edu/lawn-gardening-pests/weeds/japanese-stiltgrass
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Chandran, R.S. 2020. Weed of the Week  Hairy Galinsoga. WVU Extension Service Webpage Fact Sheet. https://extension.wvu.edu/lawn-gardening-pests/weeds/hairy-galinsoga
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Chandran, R.S. 2020. Weed of the Week  Common Purslane. WVU Extension Service Webpage Fact Sheet. https://extension.wvu.edu/lawn-gardening-pests/weeds/common-purslane
  • Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Chandran, R.S. 2020. Weed of the Week  Common Lambsquarters. WVU Extension Service Webpage Fact Sheet. https://extension.wvu.edu/lawn-gardening-pests/weeds/common-lambsquarters
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Chandran, R.S. 2020. Weed of the Week  Common Chickweed. WVU Extension Service Webpage Fact Sheet. https://extension.wvu.edu/lawn-gardening-pests/weeds/common-chickweed
  • Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Chandran, R.S. M.M. Rahman, T. Basden, J. Murray. Identifying and Preventing Herbicide Injury to Landscape Plants and Vegetables. 2020. West Virginia University Extension Service Fact Sheet. https://extension.wvu.edu/lawn-gardening-pests/plant-disease/identifying-preventing-herbicide-injury
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Chandran, R.S. 2020. Weed Control in Backyard Gardens. WVU Extension Service U-Tube Video https://youtu.be/cYVwk7LmLaY
  • Type: Books Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Derr, J.F. and R.S. Chandran. 2020. Orchard Weed Control. In Pfeiffer, D. G. (Ed.), 2020 Spray Bulletin for Commercial Tree Fruit Growers. Va. Coop. Ext. Serv. Publ. 456-419. https://www.pubs.ext.vt.edu/content/dam/pubs_ext_vt_edu/456/456-419/ENTO-341w.pdf Pages 127-143.
  • Type: Books Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Wallace, J., D. Lingenfelter, Q. Johnson, M. VanGessel, K. Vollmer, T. Besancon, M.L. Flessner, and R. S. Chandran. 2020. 2020 Mid-Atlantic Field Crop Weed Management Guide. The Pennsylvania State University AGRS-136.
  • Type: Books Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: E. Ernest, M. Infante-Casella, H.B. Doughty, G.C. Johnson, W. Kline, T.P. Kuhar, T.J. Orton, J.M. Wilson, M.J. VanGessel, R.W. VanVranken, K. Vollmer, R.A. Arancibia, T. Besan�on, D.B. Langston, D. Owens, K. Holmstrom, J. Ingerson-Mahar, C.A. Wyenandt,, G.C. Hamilton, P.D. Hastings, G.E. Brust, K. Demchak L.W. Jett, F. Di Gioia, K.L. Everts, T.E. Elkner, R.S. Chandran, M.J. Hu, E. S�nchez, M.M. Rahman, D. Lingenfelter, J.M. Wallace, S.J. Fleischer, B.J. Lingbeek, B.K. Gugino. 2019. In C.A. Wyenandt and M.M.I. van Vuuren (Coordinators) , T. P. Kuhar, G. C. Hamilton, M. J. VanGessel, R. A. Arancibia, and C.A. Wyenandt, (Discipline Editors). 2019 Mid-Atlantic Commercial Vegetable Production Recommendations. (423p).
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Beneficial Insects commonly encountered by gardeners. Garden Management. WVU Extension Service. https://extension.wvu.edu/lawn-gardening-pests/gardening/garden-management/beneficial-insects
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Zerihun T. Dame, Mahfuz Rahman, Tofazzal Islam. 2021. Bacilli as sources of agrobiotechnology: recent advances and future directions. Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews 14(2): 245-270. https://doi.org/10.1080/17518253.2021.1905080
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: ?Moutoshi Chakraborty, Nur Uddin Mahmud, Chhana Ullah, Mahfuz Rahman and Tofazzal Islam. 2021. Biological and biorational management of blast diseases in cereals caused by Magnaporthe oryzae. Critical Reviews in Biotechnology. Published online: 18 May 2021. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07388551.2021.1898325?scroll=top&needAccess=true
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Moutoshi Chakraborty, Mirza Hasanuzzaman, Mahfuzur Rahman, Md Arifur Rahman Khan, Pankaj Bhowmik, Nur Uddin Mahmud, Mohsin Tanveer and Tofazzal Islam. 2020. Mechanism of Plant Growth Promotion and Disease Suppression by Chitosan Biopolymer. MDPI-Agriculture 10(12):624 https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/10/12/624
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: AgAlert! Fall armyworms. WVU Extension Service. https://extension.wvu.edu/lawn-gardening-pests/news/2021/09/01/agalert-fall-armyworms
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Insects and insecticides related to hemp production. ANR research notes. WVU Extension Service. https://mailchi.mp/mail.wvu.edu/anr-research-notes-4760592?e=b492d4a467
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: ? Dipali Rani Gupta, Sanjida Khanom, Md. Motiar Rohman, Mirza Hasanuzzaman, Musrat Zahan Surovy, Nur Uddin Mahmud, Md. Robyul Islam, Ashifur Rahman Shawon, Mahfuzur Rahman, Kamel A. Abd-Elsalam and Tofazzal Islam. 2021. Hydrogen peroxide detoxifying enzymes show different activity patterns in host and nonhost plant interactions with Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum pathotype. Physiol Mol Biol Plants. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-021-01057-4
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Mahfuz Rahman, Tofazzal Islam, Lewis Jett and James Kotcon. 2021. Biocontrol agent, biofumigation, and grafting with resistant rootstock suppress soil-borne disease and improve yield of tomato in West Virginia. Crop Protection 145(105630) https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0261219421001009?via%3Dihub
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Gupta, D.R., Surovy, M.Z., Mahmud, N.U. M. Rahman et al. 2020. Suitable methods for isolation, culture, storage and identification of wheat blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum pathotype. Phytopathology Research 2, 30. https://phytopatholres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s42483-020-00070-x
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: M. Tofazzal Islam, Dipali Rani Gupta, Akbar Hossain, Krishna K. Roy, Xinyao He, Muhammad R. Kabir, Pawan K. Singh, Md. Arifur Rahman Khan, Mahfuzur Rahman and Guo-Liang Wang. 2020. Wheat blast: a new threat to food security. Phytopathology Research 2(28):1-13; https://phytopatholres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s42483-020-00067-6
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Rahman, M. 2021. Plant disease forecasting: An advanced IPM tool. In Chandran, R. (ed) IPM Chronicle Vol 9. Issue 4 (P 3) (Fall 2021). https://extension.wvu.edu/files/d/df2516e1-90f7-4383-86f7-9272d10adfad/ipm-newsletter-vol-9-issue-4-fall-2021.pdf
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Sam Fieweger and Mahfuz Rahman. 2021. NPDN Best Practices Guidelines (BPG) for Diagnostic Laboratories. NPDN communicator, Volume 2 Issue 5, May 2021. https://us2.campaign-archive.com/?u=9b01dc0962542185a4f639a9b&id=391e958c7d
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Rahman, M. 2021. Powdery mildew of cucurbits. In Chandran, R. (ed) IPM Chronicle Vol 9. Issue 3 (P 7) (Summer 2021). https://extension.wvu.edu/files/d/eeaff0cf-bed8-4214-bafc-c8778d4f1304/ipm-newsletter-vol-9-issue-3-summer-2021.pdf
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Rahman, M. 2021. Cercospora leaf spot of Swiss chard, sugar beet and spinach. In Chandran, R. (ed) IPM Chronicle Vol 9. Issue 2 (P 3) (Spring 2021). https://extension.wvu.edu/files/d/5790982d-3953-4b57-9be4-08cc3f916b52/ipm-newsletter-vol-9-issue-2-spring-2021.pdf
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Rahman, M. 2021. Dogwood anthracnose. WVU Extension Service ANR fact sheet. https://extension.wvu.edu/lawn-gardening-pests/plant-disease/landscape-tree-disease/dogwood-anthracnose
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Rahman, M. 2021. Managing leaf mold on high tunnel tomatoes. Pp 6-8 In Chandran, R. (ed) IPM Chronicle Vol 9. Issue 1 (Pp6-8) (Winter 2021). https://extension.wvu.edu/files/d/ddff8c8f-1e64-4f6f-95ca-89018b1319c8/ipm-newsletter-vol-9-issue-1-winter-2021.pdf
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Rahman, M. and Mia, N. A. 2020. Bacterial Leaf Spot of Pepper. WVU Extension ANR fact sheet. https://extension.wvu.edu/lawn-gardening-pests/plant-disease/fruit-vegetable-diseases/bacterial-leaf-spot-of-pepper
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Rahman, M. 2020. Isothiocyanate Derivatives of Glucosinolates as Efficient Natural Fungicides: new insights can foster development of natural and safer fungicides. WVU Extension Service-ANR Research Note. December 4, 2020.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Rahman, M. 2020. Management of blight in tomato plants. WV Farm Bureau Magazine, Summer 2020.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Rahman, M. 2020. Verticillium wilt of maple. Pp 4-5 In Chandran, R. (ed) IPM Chronicle Vol 8. Issue 4 (Fall 2020). https://extension.wvu.edu/files/d/3bc46acc-c3f6-43aa-8a12-27c1c6664395/ipm-newsletter-vol-8-issue-4-fall-2020.pdf
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Rahman, M. 2020. Nostoc: The slimy stuff growing on driveways. P. 4 In Chandran, R. (ed) IPM Chronicle Vol 8. Issue 2/3 (Spring/Summer 2020). https://extension.wvu.edu/files/d/f47764d3-c946-4075-98df-cbffb16d5ebf/ipm-newsletter-vol-8-issue-2-3-spring-summer-2020.pdf
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Rahman, M. 2020. Effect of healthy seeds and transplants on plant health. Pp 4-5 In Chandran, R. (ed) IPM Chronicle Vol 8. Issue 1 (Winter 2020). https://extension.wvu.edu/files/d/1479b42e-3bff-4a36-aa1a-f16c1aa2a7cf/ipm-newsletter-vol-8-issue-1-winter-2020.pdf
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Mahfuz Rahman. 2020. Healthy plants healthy world: How to keep your plants healthy in a perennial habitat? In Small Farm Advocate, Pp 8-10 (Winter 2020; West Virginia University Extension Service Small Farm Center).
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Bulatovic-Danilovich, M. 2019: Black Rot Disease in Apples. WVU Extension Service. https://extension.wvu.edu/lawn-gardening-pests/plant-disease/tree-fruit-disease/black-rot-disease-in-apples
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Bulatovic-Danilovich, M. 2019: Brown Rot in Stone Fruit. WVU Extension Service. https://extension.wvu.edu/lawn-gardening-pests/plant-disease/tree-fruit-disease/brown-rot-in-stone-fruit
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Demchak, K., Rahman, M. and Rouse, B. 2020. Strawberry Plasticulture Plug Planting: Ways to Increase Chances for Success. https://extension.psu.edu/strawberry-plasticulture-plug-planting-ways-to-increase-chances-for-success
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Bulatovic-Danilovich, M. 2019: An Introduction to Black Knot. WVU Extension Service. https://extension.wvu.edu/lawn-gardening-pests/plant-disease/tree-fruit-disease/an-introduction-to-black-knot
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Bulatovic-Danilovich, M. 2019: Fertilizing Grapes. WVU Extension Service. Bulletin ANR-HORT-19-00
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Bulatovic-Danilovich, M. 2020: Lowering pH of the Soil. WVU Extension Service. Bulletin - https://extension.wvu.edu/agriculture/horticulture/lowering-soil-ph


Progress 09/01/19 to 08/31/20

Outputs
Target Audience:The WVU Extension Implmentation Program targets commercial fruit orchardists, small farm producers, vegetable growers, Master Gardeners, county agents, producers, and home owners/backyard gardeners. During the reporting period we have reached over 10,000 target audience individuals which included participants from the above groups, and row crop producers. The target audience were mostly from West Virginia but included few fromthe neighboring states of Ohio, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia. Efforts included classroom education, demonstrations, displays, field-days, workshops, distance education, and training, along with dissemination of information through various extension publications such as the IPM Chronicle Newsletter, Fact sheets, journal articles, book chapters, etc. Changes/Problems:Due to personnel change we will not be able to carry out certain specific IPM meetings related toIPM Education for Pesticide Applicatorsin the upcoming program year under this priority area. Funds have been reallocated to IPM in Diagnostics. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?A weed display was set up at the West Virginia State Fair, various MG fairs, NRCS and County Agent training programs, and the Small Farm Conference. An IPM booth was also set up at state level conferences where ANR participated. Diagnostic training was provided to county agents, master gardeners and other clientele for right diagnosis of plant problems to promote integrated management options with reduced amount of chemicals. The IPM Associate attended professional development opportunitiesto scout commercial orchards. The project provided training opportunities for commercial orchardists, small farmers, homeowners, community gardeners, and members of the landscaping industry though twilight meetings, demonsrations, pesticide video, pest ID displays, brochures etc. Training was provided for Master Gardeners during the MG State Conference and during county level meetings.Trainings at various state and local conferences/workshops/meetings (e.g. West Virginia Small Farm Conference, Master Gardener Annual Conference, Ag-Beats Crop Pest and Production updates, NRCS sponsored workshops). Four tree fruit grower meetings were organized in 2019. We will be requestingfarmers where on-site demonstaration on the use of beneficials in greenhouses/high tunnels to speak at workshops or conferences around the state about their experiences. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results were disseminated through various outreach events including: West Virginia Pesticide Recertification Workshops, West Virginia County Agents Association Training Workshop, Ag-Beats Crop Pest and Production Updates, West Virginia Urban Agriculture Conference, West Virginia Master Gardener Annual Conference, West Virginia Women in AgricultureConference, West Virginia Small Farm Conference, Fruit Growers Twilight meetings, Field Days and Demonstrations, State Fair etc. Various other extension publications were also generated to disseminate our results. Other dissemination activities included: Targeted emails to interested parties and county extension agentsPublications posted on the WVU Extension web page or other agency websites What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Tree fruit under the plan will be monitored for insect pests, and diseases. IPM tactics such as mating disruption for codling moth was implemented. Weather stations will be used to help make IPM decisions. Findings from a 3-yr mating disruption study to control clearwing borers in peach will be submitted for publication in a peer reviewed journal this year. Addional activities will include: Working with additional growers are asking for more information on use of beneficial insects and biological control agents. Demonstration gardens/landscapes will be maintained at the WV State Fair Grounds in Greenbrier County. Data collected from the Citizen Science Project for Master Gardeners will be summarized. Monitor the success of disease resistant tomatoes released through our program and also provide other IPM support for disease management as outlined in our activities for past three years. Monitor for insect pests in field/row crop pests in Jackson, Randolph and Monongalia Counties, WV. Biofix dates and/or weekly trap captures for all insect pests will be emailed to growers and extension agents. Continue to publish the "IPM Chronicle", "ANR Research Notes", "Weed of the Week" etc. IPM Display booths will be set up at the West Virginia State Fair, and various other events. We will promote the IPM brochure through various avenues to the end users. Publish results related to field experiments to manage certain invasive weedy species in pastures. Continue to provide various diagnostic services as outlined in the proposal. Continue to provide general training meetings, pesticide safety workshops throughout the state to provide recertification for various categories of pesticide applicators.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Objective 1. IPM Implementation and Evaluation in Commercial Tree Fruit Production This program resulted in reduction of harsh chemistries of insecticides by 30-45% in the acres where the plan. Two additional commercial orchards were monitored for pests, by the IPM Associate hired by WVU through the EIP project, on a weekly basis and recommendations were provided to the grower to apply pesticides based on threshold levels. IPM Plans were written by the IPM Coordinator for these orchards through the NRCS EQIP program. Mating disruption for codling moth was implemented in all blocks under the NRCS contract. In 2020, the orchards under the plan propose to use sprays based on threshold levels and a combination of mating disrupters and reduced risk pesticides to mitigate risks associated with conventional sprays. Monitoring for insect pests was conducted in Jefferson, Hampshire, and Monongalia Counties, WV. Weather stations were set up at an additional location in Eastern Panhandle of WV. Temperature data collected from weather stations located at these sites were used to calculate accumulated degree-days (DD) from biofix for codling moth, Oriental fruit moth, and tufted apple bud moth. Data from the weather stations were utilized to develop disease prediction system for Fire blight and sooty mold and sent to growers to spray recommend products when there was a risk. Prediction based spray schedule saved one spray of antibiotics for fire blight and two for sooty mold We estimate that we completed about 90% of this objective in total. Objective 2. IPM Implementation and Evaluation in Other Specialty Crops 2-A. High Tunnel and Greenhouse IPM In Greenhouse and High Tunnel IPM, the WVSU collaborator carried out grower trials using beneficial insects to manage pests in closed structures.. The WVSU collaborator also experimented with a biological control agent to manage fungus gnats in hydroponic production with success. Additional growers are asking for more information on use of beneficial insects and biological control agents. We estimate that we completed about 75% of this objective in total. A major greenhouse operationexpanded their beneficial use to 3 high tunnels in 2019 based on the success in 2018. They continue to use them to allow them to run their u-pick operation without spraying insecticides. Another operation has not only scheduled beneficials for the last two years but they have also taken over the payment. So it is a continuing change of action from these growers. Ongoing research/demonstations on the use of beneficial nematodes in greehouses have started yielding results. The beneficial nematodes reduced or eliminate fungus gnats as well as a host of other soil borne pests in tomatoes. This on-farm research helped a grower gain knowledge about the use ofusing beneficials in high tunnels and would serve as a catalyst for other farmers in the area and state. There is a large number of growers interested in this technology. 2-B. Consumer Horticulture and Master Gardener IPM Demonstration gardens/landscapes were maintained at the WV State Fair Grounds in Greenbrier County. It featured talks, workshops highlighting IPM practices to increase public awareness and perception of IPM. A Citizen Science Project for Master Gardeners is in progress. We expect this project to generate useful information to predict the emergence and movement of pests over time. We estimate that we completed about 50% of this objective in total. The remaining 50 % is expected to be completed in the final year of the project. 2-C. Integrated Disease Management in Vegetables Disease forecast data from multiple orchards were accessed through NEWA network and shared with growers to relate spray program with disease risk especially scab and fire blight. Accessing data from NEWA proved easier and more accurate compared with previously used data from Spectrum technology. Prediction based spray schedule could save one antibiotic spray for fire blight in 2019 and two in 2020 due to unfavorable weather condition (low temperature in the early spring). Monitoring of bactericide/fungicide efficacy was conducted for all tree fruit diseases and the same approach was expanded to strawberry diseases. No control failure due to resistance was detected in tree fruit. However, one grower reported that strawberry anthracnose could not be controlled by the application of recommended fungicides. We collected isolates and tested for resistance against strobilurin fungicide, which was positive for resistance. Fungicide from a different chemistry controlled the diseases. Based on growers' feedback until end of 2019 we found that almost 50% of the growers that received seeds from us kept seeds for future tomato plantings (estimated to be 650) will use host resistance as means of disease management as opposed to pesticide use. Distribution of tomato seeds possessing late blight resistance and enhanced Septoria leaf spot tolerance continued until the spring of 2020 to utilize host resistance as an integrated management tool of major tomato diseases in the state.Feedback from growers indicate that new lines are more tolerant to Septoria leaf spot compared with "WV'63" and are more productive under disease pressure with reduced need of fungicide use. With a few other biorational tools, grafted tomatoes on resistant root stock 'Maxofort' were promoted to growers and master gardeners for managing soil-borne wilt diseases. We estimate that we completed about 95% of this objective in total. 2-D. Provide insect monitoring data for major pests of sweet corn. Monitoring for corn earworm in field/row crops was conducted in Wetzel, Wood, Harrison, and Monongalia Counties. Additional pest monitoring for armyworm (true), fall armyworm, European corn borer, and western bean cutworm was also conducted at the Monongalia County location. We estimate that we completed about 95% of this objective in total. The remaining 5% is expected to be completed in the final year of the project. 2-E. IPM Outreach The IPM team continues to receive excellent support from Extension Communication Team at WVU Extension Service. The "IPM Chronicle", "ANR Research Notes", "Weed of the Week", were supported by this team. A weed display was set up at the West Virginia State Fair, various MG fairs, NRCS and County Agent training programs, and the Small Farm Conference. An IPM booth was also set up at state level conferences where ANR participated. We estimate that we completed about 95% of this objective in total. Secondary Priority Area: 1) IPM Conservation Partnerships A cost-share IPM Program for Tree Fruits in commercial orchards was carried out during the growing season of 2019 and 2020, in collaboration with NRCS. We estimate that we completed about 95% of this objective in total. Secondary Priority Area: 2) IPM Support for Diagnostic Facilities Diagnosed 540 plant problems that were submitted to the WVU plant diagnostic clinic by county agents, growers, home owners. Integrated disease management-based recommendations were sent on time to manage those problems. IPM based recommendations were provided. Follow up with the clienteles indicated that 60% of the stakeholders would prefer biological or biorational mitigation measures of plant problems. We estimate that we completed about 95% of this objective in total. The remaining 5% is expected to be completed in the final year of the project. Secondary Priority Area: 3) IPM Education for Pesticide Applicators We have provided training meetings, pesticide safety workshops throughout the state to provide recertification for various categories of pesticide applicators. A pest management video encompassing all pest groups and IPM practices was produced by WVU Extension and screened in all counties during winter months to provide additional training opportunities. We estimate that we completed about 90% of this objective in total. ?

Publications

  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Rahman, M. and Dudding, W. 2019. Management of Soil-borne Strawberry Diseases with Alternative Fumigation Methods. (Abstr.) Phytopathology 109:S2.70. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-109-10-S2.1
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Abhinav Aeron, Mahfuzur Rahman et al. 2019. Revisiting the plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria: lessons from the past and objectives for the future. Archives of Microbiology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-019-01779-w
  • Type: Book Chapters Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Rahman M.M., Moccaldi L.A. 2019. Application Method and Efficacy of Bacillus spp. in Mitigating Abiotic and Biotic Stresses and Enhancing Plant Performance. Pp267-289, In: Islam M., Rahman M., Pandey P., Boehme M., Haesaert G. (eds) Bacilli and Agrobiotechnology: Phytostimulation and Biocontrol. Bacilli in Climate Resilient Agriculture and Bioprospecting. Springer Nature https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-15175-1_14
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Mehebub MS, Mahmud NU, Rahman M, Surovy MZ, Gupta DR, Hasanuzzaman M, Mahfuzur Rahman, M. Tofazzal Islam. 2019. Chitosan biopolymer improves the fruit quality of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.). Acta Agrobot. 72(2):1773. https://pbsociety.org.pl/journals/index.php/aa/article/view/aa.1773
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Chandran, R.S., M. Danilovich, D. Frank, S. Owen, M.M. Rahman, B. Liedl. IPM Chronicle  Summer 2019. Vol.7, Issue 2. West Virginia University Extension Service Publication.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Chandran, R.S., M. Danilovich, D. Frank, S. Owen, M.M. Rahman, B. Liedl. IPM Chronicle  Summer 2019. Vol.7, Issue 3. West Virginia University Extension Service Publication.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Chandran, R.S., M. Danilovich, D. Frank, S. Owen, M.M. Rahman, B. Liedl. IPM Chronicle  Summer 2019. Vol.7, Issue 4. West Virginia University Extension Service Publication.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Chandran, R.S., M. Danilovich, D. Frank, S. Owen, M.M. Rahman, B. Liedl. IPM Chronicle  Summer 2019. Vol.8, Issue 1. West Virginia University Extension Service Publication.
  • Type: Books Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Derr, J.F. and R.S. Chandran. 2017. Orchard Weed Control. In Pfeiffer, D. G. (Ed.), 2017 Spray Bulletin for Commercial Tree Fruit Growers. Va. Coop. Ext. Serv. Publ. VT/0120/ENTO-341P. Pages 127-143. https://www.pubs.ext.vt.edu/content/dam/pubs_ext_vt_edu/456/456-419/ENTO-341w.pdf
  • Type: Books Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Wallace.J., D. Lingenfelter, M. VanGessel, Q. Johnson, K. Vollmer, T. Besancon, M.L. Flessner, and R. S. Chandran. 2020 Mid-Atlantic Field Crops Weed Management Guide. The Pennsylvania State University AGRS-136.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Rahman, M. M. (2019). Orchard-Based Pest Management in West Virginia. Progress Through Sharing: iPiPE monthly Newsletter (pp. 2). College Park, PA: iPiPE project.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Mahfuz Rahman. 2020. Healthy plants healthy world: How to keep your plants healthy in a perennial habitat? In Small Farm Advocate Winter 2020: 8-10 (West Virginia University Extension Service Small Farm Center).
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: 1. Bulatovic-Danilovich, M.: What is My Soil Test is Telling Me About Nutrient Needs for my Plants? WVU Extension Service. Fact Sheet ANR-HORT-19-005
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: 3. Bulatovic-Danilovich, M.: Cherry Leaf Spot - Blumeriella jaapii (Rehm) Arx. WVU Extension Service. Fact Sheet ANR-IPM-18-001 https://extension.wvu.edu/files/d/ff5a3ae6-26ef-4958-8cda-5bac1a661cf8/cherry-leaf-spot.pdf


Progress 09/01/18 to 08/31/19

Outputs
Target Audience:The WVU Extension Implmentation Program targets commercial fruit orchardists, county agents, small farm producers, vegetable growers, Master Gardeners, producers, and home owners/backyard gardeners. During the reporting period we have reached over 18,000 target audience individuals which included commercial orchardists, small farm producers, master gardeners, vegetable growers, homeowners, county agents, row-crop producers, beginning farmers, and FFA students. The target audience were mostly from West Virginia but included a small percentage from the neighboring states of Ohio, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia. Efforts included classroom education, demonstrations, displays, field-days, workshops, distance education, and training, along with dissemination of information through various extension publications such as the IPM Chronicle Newsletter, Fact sheets, journal articles, book chapters, etc. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The IPM Associate received training to scout commercial orchards. She attended a professional development program related to Spotted Lantern Fly. The project provided training opportunities for commercial orchardists, small farmers, homeowners, community gardeners, and members of the landscaping industry though twilight meetings, demonsrations, pesticide video, pest ID displays, brochures etc. Specialised training was also provided to county agents and NRCS field technical staff on Weed ID. Similar training was provided for Master Gardeners during the MG State Conference and during county level meetings. A Weed Display was organized at the State Fair which drew significant attention. The Fair Board requested us to do the display in 2019 as well. Other opportunities for training provided included: Targeted extension agent, commercial grower, and Master Gardener training in insect pest management and monitoring techniques Trainings at various state and local conferences/workshops/meetings (e.g. West Virginia Small Farm Conference, Master Gardener Annual Conference, Ag-Beats Crop Pest and Production updates, NRCS sponsored workshops) Four tree fruit grower meetings/year How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results were disseminated through various outreach events including: West Virginia Pesticide Recertification Workshops, West Virginia County Agents Association Training Workshop, Ag-Beats Crop Pest and Production Updates, West Virginia Urban Agriculture Conference, West Virginia Master Gardener Annual Conference, West Virginia Women in AgricultureConference, West Virginia Small Farm Conference, Fruit Growers Twilight meetings, Field Days and Demonstrations, State Fair etc. Various other extension publications were also generated to disseminate our results. Other dissemination activities included: Targeted emails to interested parties and county extension agents Publications posted on the WVU Extension web page or other agency websites What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We will be carrying out programming into the next year as indicated in the EIP proposal. We will expand the Tree Fruit IPM plan to two additional commercial orchards. In Specialty Crops (Tree Fruit), major insect pests of tree fruit will be monitored throughout the growing seasons. We expect an IPM list-serve to be updated and completed by the end of next reporting period. Results will be disseminated through various outreach events descibed above. Other plans for the upcoming period include: Develop two new NRCS IPM plans for tree fruit orchards Continue monitoring activities for targeted pest species and engage new Extension agents, commercial growers, and Master Gardeners in training activities. Continue outreach efforts

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? A cost-share IPM Program for Tree Fruits in commercial orchards was carried out during the growing season of 2018 and 2019, in collaboration with NRCS. This program resulted in reduction of harsh chemistries of insecticides by 50% in the acres where the plan was implemented in 2018. The Entomologist and Weed Scientist (IPM Coordinator) were certified as Technical Service Providers by NRCS. Along with the Plant Pathologist and Weed Scientist, the Entomologist wrote up a plan that was approved by NRCS for one orchard in 2018. Two additional orchards have plans pending for 2019. In 2018, tree fruit under the plan were monitored for pests, by the IPM Associate hired by WVU through the EIP project, on a weekly basis and recommendations were provided to the grower to apply pesticides based on threshold levels. Furthermore, mating disruption for codling moth was implemented in all blocks under the contract. Major insect pests of tree fruit were monitored in several different locations of the state in 2018 to provide important, time-sensitive information to growers in these regions. Monitoring for insect pests was conducted in Jefferson, Hampshire, and Monongalia Counties, WV. Weather stations were set up at different locations of tree fruit growing counties in Eastern Panhandle of WV. Temperature data collected from weather stations located at these sites were used to calculate accumulated degree-days (DD) from biofix for codling moth, Oriental fruit moth, and tufted apple bud moth. Monitoring for tree fruit pests is being continued at these locations in 2019. A 3-yr mating disruption study to control clearwing borers in peach was terminated in 2018. Findings will be submitted for publication in a peer reviewed journal this year. In fruit diseases, data from the weather stations were utilized to develop disease prediction system for Fire blight and sooty mold and sent to growers to spray recommend products when there was a risk. Prediction based spray schedule could save one spray of antibiotics for fire blight and two for sooty mold. Monitoring of bactericide/fungicide efficacy was conducted for all tree fruit diseases and the same approach was expanded to strawberry diseases. No control failure due to resistance was detected. However, one grower reported that strawberry anthracnose could not be controlled by the application of recommended fungicides. We collected isolates that are new being tested for resistance. Isolates are also being sequenced for multiple genes to identify the new taxonomic position as different new species are reported to show different sensitivity to the same group of chemistries. In disease management for vegetables and other specialty crops, 1500 seed packets of old 'WV'63 and two advanced lines with multiple disease resistance were distributed to growers who grew them side by side and sent their feedback to us. Feedback from growers indicate that new lines are more tolerant to Septoria leaf spot compared with "WV'63" and are more productive under disease pressure with reduced need of fungicide use. Based on growers' feedback and 2018 field demonstration results, we anticipate 50% (750) of the growers that received seeds from us will keep seeds for future tomato plantings that will use host resistance as means of disease management as opposed to pesticide use. With a few other biorational tools, grafted tomatoes on resistant root stock 'Maxofort' were promoted to growers and master gardeners for managing soil-borne wilt diseases through master gardeners' class and extension talks. As a secondary emphasis area of IPM implementation, 455 different plant specimens were diagnosed for various problems associated and IPM based recommendations were provided. Follow up with the clienteles indicated that 60% of the stake holders would prefer biological or biorational mitigation measures of plant problems. For other high value and row-crop pests, in 2018, monitoring for corn earworm in field/row crops was conducted in Wetzel, Wood, Harrison, and Monongalia Counties, WV. Additional pest monitoring for armyworm (true), fall armyworm, European corn borer, and western bean cutworm was also conducted at the Monongalia County location. In 2019, monitoring for field/row crop pests will be conducted in Jackson, Randolph and Monongalia Counties, WV. Biofix dates and/or weekly trap captures for all insect pests was emailed to growers and extension agents. In Greenhouse and High Tunnel IPM, the WVSU collaborator carried out grower trials using beneficial insects to manage pests in closed structures, in 2018-2019. After one year of supported trials, one grower began their own use of beneficials in their high tunnels and greenhouses. Trials were expanded to three high tunnels with u-pick strawberries in Spring 2019 following a positive trial in 2018. The WVSU collaborator also experimented with a biological control agent to manage fungus gnats in hydroponic production with success. Additional growers are asking for more information on use of beneficial insects and biological control agents. In weed management, determination of a degree-day model to manage the Japanese stiltgrass (Microstegium vimineum) in pastures was completed in 2018. Field experiments are under way to manage other weedy species in pastures such as foxtails, barnyardgrass, and spiny amaranth. The IPM team continues to receive excellent support from Extension Communication Team at WVU Extension Service. The "IPM Chronicle", "ANR Research Notes", "Weed of the Week", were also supported by this team. We received the Extension Service's Outstanding Communication Award along with other specialists within ANR in 2018. We provided technical assistance to small growers in the state interested in utilizing biocontrol agents in their greenhouse operations. A weed display was set up at the West Virginia State Fair, various MG fairs, NRCS and County Agent training programs, and the Small Farm Conference. An IPM booth was also set up at state level conferences where ANR participated. We developed a trifold brochure to encapsulate our IPM program. It is expected to be a useful tool to disseminate the objectives and purpose of IPM to the end users. A Citizen Science Project for Master Gardeners is in progress. We expect this project to generate useful information to predict the emergence and movement of pests over time.

Publications

  • Type: Book Chapters Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Chandran, R.S. 2018. Sustainable weed control in orchards. In Weed Control: Sustainability, Hazards, and Risks in Cropping Systems Worldwide. Korres, N.E, N. R. Burgos, and S.O. Duke. (Ed.). Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press. pp 505-525.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Chandran, R.S., and K.A. Nelson. 2018. Effect of Mulches on Capsicum Annum Yield Attributes and Weeds Control. Int. J. Trop. Agri. Volume 36 (4):895-899.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Chandran, R.S. 2018. Herbicide Resistance and Management Changing our Mindset. Proc. 9th International IPM Symposium. 9:21.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2019 Citation: Frank, D. L. 201X. Evaluation of organically acceptable methods to control periodical cicada oviposition injury on non-bearing apple trees. Journal of Entomological Science.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Frank, D. L. 2018. Evaluation of fruit bagging as a pest management option for direct pests of apple. Insects. 9: 178. 12 pp.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Frank, D. L. Methods that prevent garden pests. WVU Extension Service, 2019 Garden Calendar.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Frank, D. L. Eastern tent caterpillar. WVU Extension Service, Fact Sheet.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Frank, D. L. Boxelder bugs. WVU Extension Service, Fact Sheet. (https://extension.wvu.edu/lawn-gardening-pests/pests/boxelder-bugs).
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Frank, D. L. Spotted lanternfly. WVU Extension Service, Fact Sheet. (https://extension.wvu.edu/lawn-gardening-pests/pests/spotted-lanternfly).
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Frank, D. L. Corn earworm. WVU Extension Service, Fact Sheet. (https://extension.wvu.edu/lawn-gardening-pests/pests/corn-earworm).
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Chandran, R.S., M. Danilovich, D. Frank, S. Owen, M.M. Rahman, B. Liedl. IPM Chronicle  Fall 2018. 6(3)1-8. West Virginia University Extension Service Publication.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Chandran, R.S., D. Frank, S. Owen, M.M. Rahman, B. Liedl. IPM Chronicle  Winter 2019. 7(1)1-8. West Virginia University Extension Service Publication.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Chandran, R.S., M. Danilovich, D. Frank, M.M. Rahman, B. Liedl. IPM Chronicle  Spring 2019. 7(2)1-8. West Virginia University Extension Service Publication.
  • Type: Books Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Derr, J.F. and R.S. Chandran. 2017. Orchard Weed Control. In Pfeiffer, D. G. (Ed.), 2017 Spray Bulletin for CommercialTree Fruit Growers. Va. Coop. Ext. Serv. Publ. VT/0118/ENTO-257P. Pages 127-143.
  • Type: Books Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Curran, W.S., Q. Johnson, M. VanGessel, B. Schulz, C. Cahoon, T. Besancon, M.L. Flessner, and R. S. Chandran. 2018. 2018 Mid-Atlantic Field Crops Weed Management Guide. The Pennsylvania State University AGRS-136.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Frank, D. L. Be on the look-out for the spotted lanternfly. West Virginia Farm Bureau News. Vol. 27(5): 15.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Frank, D. L. Promoting biological pest control in high tunnels and greenhouses with banker plants. The West Virginia Small Farm Advocate. Winter 2019, p. 3.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Frank, D. L. Applying insecticides correctly. IPM Chronicle. Vol. 7(2): 3.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Frank, D. L. Dont let eastern tent caterpillar set up camp in you landscape. IPM Chronicle. Vol. 7(1): 6.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Frank, D. L. IPM and insect resistance management. IPM Chronicle. Vol. 7(1): 1.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Frank, D. L. Boxelder bugs: A nuisance pest. IPM Chronicle. Vol. 6(4): 8.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Frank, D. L. Sleep tight, dont let the bed bugs bite! IPM Chronicle. Vol. 6(3): 4.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Frank, D. L. Promoting biological pest control in high tunnels and greenhouses with banker plants. WVU ANR Research Notes. October 2018.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Mahfuz Rahman, Tofazzal Islam, Rosemary Schewegel and Frank Louws. 2019. Simultaneous Detection of Colletotrichum acutatum and C. gloeosporioides from Quiescently Infected Strawberry Foliage by Real-time PCR Based on High Resolution Melt Curve Analysis. American journal of Plant Sciences 10: 382-401.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Mahfuz Rahman, Mosaddiqur Rahman and Tofazzal Islam. 2019. Improving Yield and Antioxidant Properties of Strawberries by Utilizing Microbes and Natural Products. In Strawberry, Toshiki Aasao (ed) Intech open, London, SE1 9SG, U.K. https://www.intechopen.com/online-first/improving-yield-and-antioxidant-properties-of-strawberries-by-utilizing-microbes-and-natural-product
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Zohara F, Surovy MZ, Khatun A, Prince MFRK, Akanda MAM, Rahman M. and Islam, M.T. 2019. Chitosan biostimulant controls infection of cucumber by Phytophthora capsici through suppression of asexual reproduction of the pathogen. Acta Agrobot. 72(1):1763:1-8. https://pbsociety.org.pl/journals/index.php/aa/article/view/aa.1763
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Bhowmik, P., Hassan, M.M., Molla, K., Rahman, M. and Islam, T. 2019. Application of CRISPR-Cas Genome Editing Tools for the Improvement of Plant Abiotic Stress. Pp459-472 In, Hasanuzzaman-Nahar-Fujita-Oku-Islam (eds) Approaches for Enhancing Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants. CRC Press-Taylor and Francis Group. Boca Raton, Florida, USA. https://www.crcpress.com/Approaches-for-Enhancing-Abiotic-Stress-Tolerance-in-Plants/Hasanuzzaman-Nahar-Fujita-Oku-Islam/p/book/9780815346425?fbclid=IwAR3AKtYt7I5E4UtvPYtCnHOHcfrVIsg-Qru04_oVflcQKVlw56VdzBpMZgs
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Annum Sattar, Muhammad Naveed, Mohsin Ali, Zahir A. Zahir, Sajid M. Nadeem, M. Yaseen, Vijay Singh Meena, Muhammad Farooq, Renu Singh, Mahfuz Rahman, Har Narayan Meena. 2018. Perspectives of potassium solubilizing microbes in sustainable food production system: A review. Applied Soil Ecology 133: 146-159. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0929139318308096
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: D. R. Gupta, M. K. Kabir, O. Hassan, A. A. Sabir, N.U. Mahmud, M. Z. Surovy, M.M. Rahman, T. Chang, D. G. Panaccione, and M. T. Islam. First Report of Anthracnose Crown Rot of Strawberry Caused by Colletotrichum siamense in Rajshahi District of Bangladesh. Plant Disease open access. https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/pdf/10.1094/PDIS-08-18-1461-PDN
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Musrat Zahan Surovy. Md. Khairul Kabir, Dipali Rani Gupta, Oliul Hassan, Nur Uddin Mahmud, Abdullah As Sabir, Mahfuzur Rahman, Taehyun Chang, Daniel Panaccione, Md. Tofazzal Islam. 21018. First report of Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum on strawberry in Bangladesh. Plant Disease open access. https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/abs/10.1094/PDIS-07-18-1121-PDN?mobileUi=0
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Mosaddiqur Rahman, Julakha Akter Mukta, Abdullah As Sabir, Dipali Rani Gupta, Mohammed Mohi-Ud-Din, Mirza Hasanuzzaman, Md. Giashuddin Miah, Mahfuzur Rahman, Md Tofazzal Islam. 2018. Chitosan biopolymer promotes yield and stimulates accumulation of antioxidants in strawberry fruit. PLOS ONE Published online: September 7, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0203769
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: M. Rahman. 2019. Integrated Pest Management and fungicide resistance management. Chandran, R. (ed) IPM Chronicle Vol 7. Issue 2 (Spring 2019).
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 20149 Citation: M. Rahman. 2019. Management of anthracnose on cucumber. Chandran, R. (ed) IPM Chronicle Vol 7. Issue 2 (Spring 2019).
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: M. Rahman. 2019. Community-based approach for managing needle cast diseases on evergreen landscape trees. Chandran, R. (ed) IPM Chronicle Vol 7. Issue 1 (Winter 2019).
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Mahfuz Rahman 2019. Microbial-based biostimulants for plant growth enhancement and disease suppression. WVUES Small Farm Advocate. Winter 2019: 13-14.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: R. MAHFUZ, L. Jett. 2018. Efficacy of organic treatments for managing tomato foliar and soilborne diseases in WV. (Abstr.) Phytopathology 108:S1.178.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: M. Rahman. 2018. Fall cleanup and modified cultural operations reduce losses from plant diseases. Chandran, R. (ed) IPM Chronicle Vol 6. Issue 4 (Fall 2018).
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: M. Rahman. 2018. Pruning and removal of cankers or affected dead twigs for disease management. Chandran, R. (ed) IPM Chronicle Vol 6. Issue 3 (Summer 2018).
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Bulatovic-Danilovich, M.: Cherry Leaf Spot - Blumeriella jaapii (Rehm) Arx. WVU Extension Service. Fact Sheet ANR-IPM-18-001 https://extension.wvu.edu/files/d/ff5a3ae6-26ef-4958-8cda-5bac1a661cf8/cherry-leaf-spot.pdf
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Bulatovic-Danilovich, M.: Black Rot Disease in Apples  Botryosphaeria obtuse (Schwein). WVU Extension Service. Fact Sheet ANR-IPM-18-002 https://extension.wvu.edu/files/d/7630f5af-2f89-489d-a411-fc5410982ced/black-rot-disease-in-apples.pdf
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Bulatovic-Danilovich, M.: Brown Rot in Stone Fruit (Monillinia fruticola). WVU Extension Service. Fact Sheet ANR-IPM-18-003 https://extension.wvu.edu/files/d/7ea01e15-5bd8-4e1c-a6ed-2e23c1beae16/brown-rot-in-stone-fruit.pdf
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Bulatovic-Danilovich, M.: An Introduction to Black Knot (Apiosporina morbosa). WVU Extension Service. Fact Sheet ANR-IPM-18-004 https://extension.wvu.edu/files/d/960a6234-fc44-4081-b830-5704dd83fde0/an-introduction-to-black-knot.pdf
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Bulatovic-Danilovich, M.: Preparation work for a beautiful and healthy lawn. WVU Extension Service. IPM Chronicle, Vol.7 (2): 4 https://extension.wvu.edu/files/d/ea90714b-92dd-4abc-9373-735f04806ca4/ipm-newsletter-vol-7-issue-2-spring-2019.pdf
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Bulatovic-Danilovich, M.: Facts about Pruning. West Virginia Extension Service. Fact Sheet ANR-HORT-19-003
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Bulatovic-Danilovich, M.: Fertilizing Grapes. West Virginia Extension Service. Bulletin ANR-HORT-19-00
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Payne, D., K. Dhakal and B.E. Liedl. 2019. Exposure and Behavioral Assays of OMRI Approved Insecticides on Green Lacewing, Chrysoperla rufilabris. 19th Biennial Research Symposium of the Association of 1890 Research Directors. Jacksonville, FL, March 30 - April 3.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Chapman, C.M., D. Payne and B. E Liedl. 2018. Behavioral Assays of Five OMRI Approved Insecticides on Lady Beetle, Hippodamia convergens. Undergraduate student presentation at the 115th Annual Conference for the American Society of Horticultural Science.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Chandran, R.S., M. Danilovich, D. Frank, M.M. Rahman. IPM Chronicle  Summer 2018. 6(3)1-7. West Virginia University Extension Service Publication.


Progress 09/01/17 to 08/31/18

Outputs
Target Audience:The WVU Extension Implmentation Program targets commercial fruit orchardists, vegetable growers, Master Gardeners, producers, county agents, and home owners/backyard gardeners.During the reporting period we have reached over 20,000 target audience individuals which included commercial orchardists, small farm producers, master gardeners, vegetable growers, woodlot owners, homeowners, county agents, row-crop producers, beginning farmers, and FFA students. The target audience were mostly from West Virginia but included a small percentage from the neighboring states of Ohio, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, and Kentucky. Efforts included classroom education, demonstrations, field days, workshops, distance education, and one-on-one training, along with dissemination of information through various extension publications such as the IPM Chronicle Newsletter, Fact sheets, journal articles etc. Changes/Problems:We had originally intended to post potential pest outbreaks based on weather forecasting models (e.g. Maryblyte). Also, IPM related information which was posted at the Kearneysville Tree Fruit Research and Education Center (KTFREC) previously was expected to be transferred to WVU Extension Service website when the KTFREC website closed following retirement of faculty at the station. However, due to incompatibilities and potential bugs in the system this transfer could not be accomplished. We are working with our website administrators to resolve this. We are also in the process of compiling listservs to transmit such information electronically. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The newly hired IPM Associate received training and will receive continued training from specialists in all three disciplines. The IPM Associate will assist with identification, monitoring, and record keeping of pests in specialty crops in the state. The project also provided training opportunities for commercial orchardists, small farmers, homeowners, community gardeners, and members of the landscaping industry and to coordinate IPM practices in different commodities throughout the state. Training was provided for Small Farm operators at the Annual Small Farm Conference. Similar training was provided for Master Gardeners during the MG State Conference. Training was provided for the County Agents on Weed ID during the County Ag. Agents Association Meeting using live weed specimens. A Weed Display will be organized at the State Fair which is expected to draw 10,000 to 20,000 people. The MG coordinator also provided training related to pest management in fruits and vegetables in 2017-2018 apart from her regular responsibilities. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results were disseminated through various outreach events including: West Virginia Pesticide Recertification Workshops, West Virginia County Agents Association Training Workshop, Ag-Beats Crop Pest and Production Updates, West Virginia Urban Agriculture Conference, West Virginia Master Gardener Annual Conference, West Virginia Women in Agriculture Conference, West Virginia Small Farm Conference, Fruit Growers Twilight meetings, Field Days and Demonstrations in collaboration with Conservation Districts, etc. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? We will be carrying out programming into the next year as indicated in the EIP proposal. In Specialty Crops (Tree Fruit), major insect pests of tree fruit will be monitored throughout the growing season in 3 different locations of the state to provide important, time sensitive information to growers in these regions. Biofix dates and weekly trap captures for each pest will be posted on the WVU Extension website for public viewing. In addition, temperature data collected from weather stations located at these sites will be used to calculate accumulated degree-days (DD) for each pest. The target audience of this project will include tree fruit growers, extension agents, and consultants. In addition to posting time sensitive monitoring information on the WVU Extension website, grower meetings will also be conducted in the Eastern Panhandle region at least four times per year to highlight monitoring information and offer timely control recommendations. Disease resistance will be monitored in five orchards for strobilurin, DMI or streptomycin fungicides/bactericides followed by recommendations on proper choice of fungicides for resistance management The weed specialist will train the scout to identify and document troublesome perennial weeds and others life-cycles (annuals and perennials) in blocks that have signed up for the IPM plan.Blocks will also be monitored for herbicide-resistant weed biotypes.A demonstration was initiated in 2017 at a newly planted orchard to evaluate (by replicated treatments) and demonstrate IPM approaches to manage weeds in orchards.Results from this study will be monitored and disseminated. In closed structures (High Tunnel, Greenhouses) IPM training will continue to be offered. New trainings on the use of biocontrol agents and will be carried out. The MG's "Citizen Science" projects related to IPM such as weather and pest monitoring will be continued in 2019. Information on GDD will be used to predict the emergence of insect pests, diseases, and weeds. The MGs involved in pest emergence monitoring will be provided with traps to monitor insect pests, and will be assigned sentinel plots to monitor for common plant diseases and invasive weeds. Demonstration gardens/landscapes will be maintained at the WV State Fair Grounds. Support for Diagnostic Facilities will continue to be provided for early detection and diagnoses of pests and their management. Support will also be provided for PM Education for Pesticide Applicators through the PSEP program. The program will also provide support for IPM Partnerships in Wide-Area Pest Monitoring and Reporting Systems For the evaluation component, we will document short-term outcomes (learning), measured by pre-/post questionnaires, observations, and interviews. We will also document medium-term outcomes (action), using methods such as logs by participants and monitoring by a scout. We plan to carry out an economic analysis of the Tree Fruit IPM program and determine what has worked and what did not. The findings will be reported during the next reporting period and will also be used to make any adjustments to the IPM program. We will continue to document the implementation of IPM practices overall.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? A cost-share program between commercial orchardists and NRCS was initiated in 2018. The IPM Team at WVU wrote up a plan that was approved by NRCS. Tree fruits under the plan were monitored for pests on a weekly basis and recommendations were provided to the grower to apply pesticides based on threshold levels. Furthermore, mating disruption for codling moth was implemented in all blocks under the contract. Major insect pests of tree fruit were monitored in several different locations of the state in 2018 to provide important, time sensitive information to growers in these regions. Monitoring for insect pests was conducted in Jefferson, Hampshire, and Monongalia Counties, WV. Temperature data collected from weather stations located at these sites were used to calculate accumulated degree-days (DD) from biofix for codling moth, Oriental fruit moth, and tufted apple bud moth. Additional pest monitoring for redbanded leafroller, oblique banded leafroller, dogwood borer, peach tree borer, lesser peach tree borer, apple clearwing moth, San Jose scale, spotted tentiform leafminer, tarnished plant bug, and European apple sawfly was also conducted at the Monongalia County location. Biofix dates and weekly trap captures for insect pests was emailed to growers and county Extension agents.Monitoring for corn earworm in field/row crops was conducted in Wetzel, Wood, Harrison, and Monongalia Counties, WV. Additional pest monitoring for armyworm (true), fall armyworm, European corn borer, and western bean cutworm was also conducted at the Monongalia County location. Weekly trap captures for insect pests was emailed to growers and county Extension agents. A 3-yr mating disruption study to control clearwing borers in peach was terminated in 2018. Findings are being compiled for publication in peer reviewed journals. Data from the study was also presented at regional fruit meetings and the 2017 Eastern Branch Entomological Society of America meeting. A successful Fruit IPM Workshop was organized in March, 2018. The day-long workshop featured nationally reputed speakers from all disciplines which attracted over 75 growers from Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia. Evaluation results indicated a strong need to increase IPM knowledge and that the information presented was relevant to their operation (93%). Unpredictable weather, resistance, emergent pests, and costs involved (especially for large acreages) were concern that limited adoption. We continued outreach success with our quarterly newsletter which won the national award for Team Newsletter from the National Association for Agricultural County Agents in 2017. We hired a part-time IPM Associate (1 FTE split between NPDN and EIP project). The associate received training from specialists in all three areas and is actively engaged in identification, monitoring, and record keeping of pests in specialty crops in the state. We initiated a Citizen Science Project for Master Gardeners in 2018. As part of this project five weather stations were acquired of which two have been installed. For the remaining three, cooperators have been identified with stations coming on line in the near future. We expect this project to generate useful information to predict the emergence and movement of pests during 2019. Determination of a degree-day model to manage the Japanese stiltgrass (Microstegium vimineum) in pastures was initiated in 2018. Japanese stiltgrass is a non-native annual grass weed in pastures close to woodlots in West Virginia. It is capable of displacing desirable forages, not palatable to livestock and is difficult to be managed. As part of IPM approach, application timing of the herbicide Prowl H2O (active ingredient pendimethalin) was evaluated in 2018 based on a degree day model. It was determined in a field experiment established at Bethlehem, WV that pendimethalin applied at 3.8 lb ai/A, when GDD50 was 134 at the location, provided excellent control of this weed during the growing season. The experiment will be repeated in 2019 to confirm this observation. Results will be disseminated through pesticide recertification video in various counties throughout the state. The IPM team continues to receive excellent support from Extension Communication Team at WVU Extension Service. New communication efforts such as "ANR Research Notes (research updates on various topics in Ag and Nat Resources compiled by Extension Specialists during regular semesters); IPM Information Delivery through Mail-Chimp; "Weed of the Week" (bi-weekly information delivery through online media) were supported by various staff members of the Communication Team. The Extension Implementation Program (EIP) provided expertise in greenhouse and high tunnel IPM. Technical assistance was provided to the several small growers in the state interested in utilizing biocontrol agents in their operations.

Publications

  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Mahfuzur Rahman. 2017. How to keep your bramble disease free? Proceedings of the Mid-Atlantic Fruit and Vegetable Convention. Pp 198-169. Hershey, PA.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Chandran, R.S., M. Danilovich, D. Frank, S. Owen, M.M. Rahman, B. Liedl. IPM Chronicle  Spring 2018. 6(2)1-7. West Virginia University Extension Service Publication.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: M. Rahman. 2017. Management of Leucostoma Canker of Stone Fruits caused by fungal pathogen Leucostoma persoonii. Small Farm Advocate. Winter 2017: 9-11.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Chandran, R.S., M. Danilovich, D. Frank, S. Owen, M.M. Rahman, B. Liedl. IPM Chronicle  Winter 2018. 6(1)1-7. West Virginia University Extension Service Publication.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Chandran, R.S., M. Danilovich, D. Frank, S. Owen, M.M. Rahman, B. Liedl. IPM Chronicle  Summer/Fall 2017. 5(3/4)1-7. West Virginia University Extension Service Publication.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Derr, J.F. and R.S. Chandran. 2017. Orchard Weed Control. In Pfeiffer, D. G. (Ed.), 2017 Spray Bulletin for Commercial Tree Fruit Growers. Va. Coop. Ext. Serv. Publ. VT/02-17/ENTO-223P. Pages 126-142. http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/content/dam/pubs_ext_vt_edu/456/456-419/456-419-PDF.pdf
  • Type: Books Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Curran, W.S., Q. Johnson, M. VanGessel, B. Schulz, C. Cahoon, M.L. Flessner, and R. S. Chandran. 2017. 2017 Mid-Atlantic Field Crops Weed Management Guide. The Pennsylvania State University AGRS-136.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Frank, D. L. Ticks. WVU Extension Service, Fact Sheet
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Frank, D. L. Plum curculio. WVU Extension Service, Fact Sheet.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Frank, D. L. Brown marmorated stink bug. WVU Extension Service, Fact Sheet.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Frank, D. L. Managing slugs. The West Virginia Small Farm Advocate. Winter 2017, pp. 11-12.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: M. Rahman. 2017 Evaluation of fungicides for controlling powdery mildew on cucumber, 2016. Plant Disease Management Reports 11:V148.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: M. Rahman. 2017. Evaluation of fungicides for controlling Septoria leaf spot on tomato, 2016. Plant Disease Management Reports 11:V166
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Md Mohibul Alam Khan, Effi Haque, Narayan Chandra Paul , Md Abdul Khaleque , Saleh M. S. Al-Garni , Mahfuzur Rahman , Md Tofazzal Islam. 2017. Enhancement of Growth and Grain Yield of Rice in Nutrient Deficient Soils by Rice Probiotic Bacteria. Rice Science 24: 264?273.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Julakha Akter Mukta, Mosaddiqur Rahman, Abdullah As Sabir, Dipali Rani Gupta , Musrat Zahan Surovy, Mahfuzur Rahman, M. Tofazzal Islam. 2017. Chitosan and plant probiotics application enhance growth and yield of strawberry. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology 11:918.