Source: MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY submitted to
MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY'S EXTENSION IMPLEMENTATION PLAN FOR INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
TERMINATED
Funding Source
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1013981
Grant No.
2017-70006-27155
Project No.
MONN2017IPM MB
Proposal No.
2017-04394
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Program Code
EIP
Project Start Date
Sep 1, 2017
Project End Date
Aug 31, 2022
Grant Year
2020
Project Director
Burrows, M.
Recipient Organization
MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY
(N/A)
BOZEMAN,MT 59717
Performing Department
Plant Sciences & Plant Path
Non Technical Summary
The Montana Extension IPM Program Goals reflect the National IPM Road Map. Our program is designed to reduce health and environmental risk from pest management, improve IPM practices and increase IPM adoption. Our focus areas are Plant Protection Tactics and Tools, Enhancing Agricultural Biosecurity, and IPM for Sustainable Communities. Our evaluation component will help us assess our progress towards meeting our goals to increase the visibility of the Montana IPM program and user adoption of IPM practices. It is important to understand that Montana is a large state with more than 145,000 square miles. Agriculture is the largest segment of the state economy with crops valued at $2.3 billion in 2016, ahead of mining, gas and oil, and tourism.The urban population is also a large and growing constituency, with rural areas losing population. Primary constraints to IPM implementation in Montana are long travel distances and relatively few extension specialists in the IPM area. Therefore, this project willprovidesalary support for Extension IPM Specialists, funding for travel and program support, development of web-based and social media platforms, and traditional printed educational resources. Our diverse array of activities facilitates a high level of engagement and cooperation between subject matter specialists and our stakeholders. Stakeholders are integral to the IPM program and, in addition to providing valuable opportunities and feedback, assist us in leveraging funds from other sources to perform research and extend information about IPM. The overall goal of the IPM program is to develop and deliver information on IPM practices in Montana and provide readily available, up-to-date pest management information to stakeholders who need that information. To facilitate information sharing, all team members participate in multi-state, multi-disciplinary efforts including several in this grant proposal. Since financial resources are limited, the MSU Extension IPM advisory committee and IPM team have chosen four emphasis areas listed below with the most critical needs:Agronomic Crops,Communities,Pest Diagnostic Facilities, and Pesticide Education. There is very little to no money available for extension outreach to communities in Montana, but the need for education is high, and will have a high impact in our community. This has been documented in surveys both within the IPM team and by other Extension Specialists at MSU, focus groups of county agents and other stakeholders, and feedback from our Advisory committee.
Animal Health Component
0%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
(N/A)
Applied
(N/A)
Developmental
(N/A)
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
21660991060100%
Goals / Objectives
Primary Priority 1: IPM Implementation in Agronomic Crops: Real time monitoring of pests via a website and farmer cooperators, PestWeb will be maintained and enhanced; Hands-on training for agricultural professionals including three hands-on workshops on crop diseases, insects, and weeds; and distribution of research-based information for pest management through traditional extension venues and online sources.Primary Priority 2: IPM Implementation in Communities: Online offerings for Urban IPM education including Digital Chalk online trainings and videos; IPM education in Master Gardener training will be continued; Hands-on learning opportunities for landscape professionals including cooperative in-service training with Idaho and Utah; Update the Intermountain Tree Fruit Guide with Colorado and Utah; Participate in a webinar series with Utah and Nevada that will be available on eXtension; Distribute research-based education on pests in urban environments and structures.Secondary Priority 1: IPM Support for Pest Diagnostic Facilities: Educate clients of the diagnostic laboratory on IPM-based pest management options, information is associated with every sample; Extend information on diagnostics services with a focus on local food producers by attending field days and providing handouts to increase awareness of diagnostic services; Provide rapid diagnostic tools to county extension offices to assist county agents to confidently identify plant pests.Secondary Priority 2: IPM Education for Pesticide Applicators: Pest management tour for pesticide applicators; Update personal protective equipment kits for hands-on training of pesticide applicators; Interactive training on herbicide carryover and injury for pesticide applicators and educators, private businesses and the general public; Delivery of integrated pest management information to pesticide applicators.
Project Methods
Largely traditional extension methodology including presentations, interactive hands-on workshops, calendars. Novel technology includes video development, use of Digital Chalk for interactive online learning and assessment, immunostrips and other kits for disease identification. Evaluation will consist of surveys as well as focus groups.

Progress 09/01/17 to 08/31/22

Outputs
Target Audience:Citizens of Montana including farmers, county extension agents, agricultural professionals, pesticide applicators, and homeand landowners; US Forest Service, Montana Department of Agriculture, APHIS-PPQ, county weed districts, pest control operators, landscape professionals, agricultural organizations, Master Gardeners. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The Montana IPM team improved their skills, knowledge, and awareness of IPM through participation in several WERA-1017 annual meetings. One PI serves as a chair on the Western Region IPM Center Advisory Committee and served as chair of the WERA-1017 Coordination of Integrated Pest Management Research and Extension/Educational Programs for the Western States and Pacific Basin Territories from 2019-2020. One IPM member served as the Administrative Advisor for WERA 1017.Several IPM specialists attended professional meetings, such as the IR-4 meeting, the Pulse Crop Working Group meeting, the Montana Invasive Species Council meeting, the American Phytopathological Society meeting, the 10th International IPM Symposium, and theNorth American Pulse Improvement Association meeting. Twelve workshops, representingtopics such assoil health, horticulture and cropland entomology, pesticide education, Master Gardener training, crop diseases, weeds, and bed bugs reached over 400 individuals, includingcounty extension agents, farmers/growers, landscape professionals, arborists, Master Gardeners, graduate students, and homeowners in Montana, Nebraska, Wyoming, and Colorado. The Pest Management Tour completed five tours throughout several regions of Montanafrom September 1, 2017-August 31, 2022, training 1208 individuals on IPM-related pesticide education. Several specialists attended Myers-Briggs professional developmenttraining on October 20, 2017. Several training opportunities were offered through webinar collaborations with Utah State University and the University of Nevada-Reno. The "Cultivating Health Plants" webinar series conducted fifteen webinarsfrom September 1, 2020-August 31, 2021, averaging about 300 viewers per episode. The PestWeb has expanded to North Dakota participants including county agents and agriculturalprofessionals. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results were disseminated through presentations, field days, workshops, social media (Facebook, Twitter), traditional media(radio, television, newspapers, phone interviews, press releases), podcasts (Montana Ag Cast), Montana AgAlerts (email and text), Montana Urban Alerts (email and text), and the IPMwebsite Integrated Pest Management - MSU Extension IPM Program Montana State University. Stakeholders were invited to annual meetings, and a meeting specific to stakeholders was conducted on October 27-28, 2021 in Prey, Montana.The orange blossom wheat midge monitoring results are available to the public via thePestweb website, which is convenient for growers.Welcome To Pestweb - Pestweb (montana.edu).See "products", "other products", and "accomplishments" for specific outcomes (also in previous progress reports). What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? This final REEport summarizes outcomes and impacts from September 1, 2017-August 31, 2022. Publications, talks, and other products were listed and submitted with previous progress reports. Accomplishments, products, and other products listed in this report are those that have not been previously reported (mostly during the period of September 1, 2020-August 31, 2022 but not related to the 2021-2024 EIP grant). Summary of Accomplishments (September 1, 2017-August 31, 2022):Total number of peer-reviewed journal articles: 49; total number of peer-reviewed extension publications: 26;total number of non-peer reviewed publications: 54;total number of presentations: 218, ~12,100reached; 75 episodes of Montana Ag Live (Montana PBS)(~15,000 viewers/episode)= ~1,125,000 reached;media (Facebook-318 posts,~200,000 reached; videos-30, ~20,700 reached; Urban and Ag Alerts-110 alerts,~6,400 reached; Podcasts-3-~400 reached); approximately 13,600 diagnoses were conducted by the Schutter Diagnostic Lab personnel. Total number of people reached during this reporting period (directly and indirectly):~1,473,700 Additional Accomplishments for the Reporting Period: Primary Priority 1: IPM Implementation in Agronomic Crops Objective 1. Real-time monitoring of pests via PestWeb website and farmer cooperators (100%): During 2020, using Pest Web, orange blossom wheat midge was present in 12 of 14 monitored counties. The highest numbers occurred in late June through July in Richland, Flathead and Lake counties. In the Flathead Co., producers did not have to apply insecticides due to information distributed as part of the monitoring effort. One thousand five hundredusers utilized the site, which was an increase of 50% from previous seasons.In 2021,12 counties were monitored at 47 sites with the highest numbers in Flathead, Lake, Pondera and Richland counties. Objective 2. Hands-on training for agricultural professionals (100%):An IPM Workshop on Soil Health was held on September 22 and 23, 2021. Twenty-two attendees participated in ten hands-on and classroom sessions. Objective 3. Distribute research-based information for pest management (100%):Fifty-four Urbanand AgAlerts (1,682 subscribers); sixteenMontana Ag Liveepisodes (22 appearances by specialists) (Montana PBS) (~15,000 viewers/episode);ninety presentations/workshops; twenty-three journal articles, seventeennewsletters, and sixteenextension documents were produced. Primary Priority 2: IPM Implementation in Communities Objective 1. Online offerings for Urban IPM education (100%):Available sessions include an initial IPM Quiz, "Introduction to IPM - Part 1" (updated), "Introduction to IPM - Part 2" (updated), "Abiotic Disorders in Landscapes" (updated), "Native Bee Conservation in Urban Areas" (new), and "Cold-Hardy Berry Varieties Suited for the Mountain West" (new). Training sessions addressing "Cider Apple Production in the Intermountain West" and "Common Diseases on Woody Ornamentals in Montana" were added. Objective 2. IPM education in Master Gardener training (100%):The Level 3 MSU Master Gardener course was held on August 27-28, 2021 in Bozeman, MTand includedhands-on training on the following IPM topics: diseases and insects of woody ornamentals,plant/weed identification. Two thousandcopies of the 2021 Urban IPM Calendar, highlighting important IPM topics, were distributed in the fall of 2020 to 54county extension offices and four Reservation offices. Objective 3. Hands-on learning opportunities for landscape professionals(100%):A "Turf to Trees 2021: Beyond Diseases & Insects" workshop was held on August 25, 2021 in Bozeman, MT with a theme of "Environmental and Cultural Impacts on the Urban Landscape". Twenty-three attendees participated in six presentations. Two workshops called"Friend or foe? Identifying Noxious Weeds and Their Look-a-likes" were conducted, where the following topics were discussed: plant identification concepts,the benefits of native plants, andidentifying native plants in the Northern Rockies that can be mistaken for noxious weeds.Three specialists delivered a 1.5-hour online workshop for the North American Invasive Species Management Association Conference on September 30, 2021. One specialist delivered a one-hour workshopfor the Montana Weed Control Association Western Area Conferencein Helena, MT on April 21, 2022. One specialist delivered a webinar on the "Integrated Management of Field Bindweed and Canada Thistle in Organic Cropping Systems" on October 13, 2021.www.youtube.com/watch?v=o_ujL18v8CM&t=115s Objective 4. Participate in a webinar series with Utah and Nevada. (100%): We collaborated with Utah State University and the University of Nevada-Reno on the "Cultivating Healthy Plants: an IPM Webinar Series". Nine webinars were given during the September 2020-August 31, 2021 season. One specialist presented "Native Bee Conservation in Urban Areas"; three hundred thirty-nine people attended the live broadcast and 535 viewed the recorded presentation. One specialist gave a webinar entitled "Research of Cold-Hardy Berries in Montana"; four hundred forty-five attended the live broadcast and 632 viewed the recorded presentation. Private industry, Extension, State/Federal agencies, private homeowners, Master Gardeners, and commercial growers were represented. The webinars were recorded https://extension.usu.edu/pests/slideshows/index Objective 6. Distribute research-based education on pests in urban environments and structures(80%): Due to the pandemic, local travel for workshops on pests in urban environmentswas limited. To replace the workshops,five videos were released in March of 2022-misinformation about the brown recluse in Montana, spiders in Montana, cobweb spiders, hobo spiders, and black widow spiders in Montana. (3,323 views)https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLAIkOOshMfC5knd6K6eYK5nrrDdhoaBo3. Thirty-four websites and fact sheets were created on insects and mites in the urban environment https://urbanipm.montana.edu/entomology/landscapepests.html. Fact sheets are close to completion for educational events associated with the Gallatin Valley Farm to School Program and will be printed in thespring of 2023. Secondary Priority 1: IPM Support for Pest Diagnostic Facilities Objective 1. Educate clients of the diagnostic laboratory on IPM-based pest management options (100%):From September 1, 2020-August 31, 2021, the Schutter Diagnostic Labconducted over 3000 plant disease, insect/other arthropod, plant, mushroom, herbicide injury, and other abiotic disorders diagnoses through physical, email, and APP samples. Samples were received from 53 of 56 counties in Montana and 8 additional states.In 2021, 58 Facebook posts were made, reaching over 50,000 people and engaging 54 followers per post on average. Objective 2. Provide rapid diagnostic tools to county extension offices (100%):Extension agents from Lewis and Clark, Madison/Jefferson, Flathead, and Gallatin counties and the Western Agricultural Research Center in Corvallis received diagnostic kits for the rapid detection of the following diseases:Phytophthora spp., Erwinia amylovora, and Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), allowing for the delivery of efficient and timelymanagement recommendations to clients. Secondary Priority 2: IPM Education for Pesticide Applicators Objective 1. Pest management tour for pesticide applicators. (100%):The 2020 MSU Pest Management Tour was held in October in Northcentral Montana. Workshops were held in eight locations across eight counties, including three Reservations.Onsite programming was offered at county locations on the first two days, while an online program was offered to individuals on the third day. There are two sessions offered at each site. Five specialists presented to 226 individuals in the three-day event. Topics included "Identifying Drift and Mitigation Strategies", "Alfalfa Weevil Management", "Managing Leafy Spurge", and "Managing Weeds with Pulses in your Rotation".

Publications

  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Kerzicnik, L., Gannon, A. 2020. Emerald ash borer. 4 pp. https://urbanipm.montana.edu/entomology/resources/fact-sheets/emerald-ash-borer-fact-sheet.html
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: E. Grimme, Kerzicnik, L., Orloff, N. 2021. Common issues with conifer trees in Montana. Lives and Landscapes. Montana State University Extension. https://apps.msuextension.org/magazine/articles/5511
  • Type: Other Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2022 Citation: Orloff, N., Mangold, J. 2022. Revegetating invasive plant-infested range and pasture. Montana State University Extension. Bozeman, MT.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Seipel, T., Mangold, J., Fine, T., Pokorny, M., Orloff, L. N. (2020). Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) (MT202011AG ed., pp. 4). Bozeman, MT: Montana State University Extension. https://store.msuextension.org/publications/AgandNaturalResources/MT202011AG.pdf


Progress 09/01/20 to 08/31/21

Outputs
Target Audience:Citizens of Montana including farmers, county extension agents, agricultural professionals, pesticide applicators, and home and landowners; US Forest Service, Montana Department of Agriculture, APHIS-PPQ, county weed districts, pest control professionals , landscape organizations, agricultural organizations, master gardeners. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Training activities that were offered the IPM group include an impact writing workshop "Big Impact, Why Impactful Reporting Matters and How to do it Better" and a training on creating videos were offered. Professional development activities included participation in meetings like the American Phytopathological Society, Working Group meetings, North American Invasive Species Management Association (NAISMA), WERA-1017, and the Great Plans Diagnostic Network. Organized GPDN webinars series on diagnostic topics. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?We have disseminated results from our activities in multiple ways. Presentations, field days, workshops, social media are all components of our outreach. In addition, we have a pod cast, webinars, videos, and our updated websites. Publications in the form of Montguides, calendars and scouting guides are also an important part of our outreach. The Ag/Urban Alerts system that delivers timely information through email and text is also an invaluable way for us to reach out to our stakeholders. The pest management tour, which moves from different areas of the state, every year, offers the most up to date information in relation to IPM in pest education. Our annual stakeholder advisory meeting is also an invaluble tool to illustrate to our stakeholders the scale of the IPM program. Our participation in industry conferences have also allowed us to share with these organizations the results of our activities. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?This is the last year of this project. A new EIP project began in Sept 2021.Funds remaining in this grant will be used to complete publications and other deliverables. The new project includes the following objectives and activities: Primary Priority 1: IPM Implementation in Agronomic Crops: Objective 1. Real-time monitoring of pests via PestWeb website and farmer cooperators. • PestWeb efforts will continue monitoring wheat blossom midge. Efforts will continue for fruit crops in orchards and will be led by the Western Agricultural Research Center in Corvallis, MT. Target pests are codling moth, spotted wing drosophila and brown marmorated stink bug. Objective 2. Hands-on training for agricultural professionals. • A plant disease workshop is planned for October 2022. Funding from the WSARE Professional Development Program will cover travel costs for outside speakers. Objective 3. Distribute research-based information for pest management. • Normal efforts will continue, with travel increasing due to fewer restrictions due to covid. Online training efforts are increasing, along with video production. • A Plant Management Network subscription will be continued to provided resources for staff. • Palmer amaranth is the most problematic weed in the United States. IPM Group members will continue to educate and make producer aware of the future risk. • Two Montana Ag Cast podcasts will be aired. The focus will be on IPM in urban and agricultural settings. Speakers will include specialists from the IPM Group. Primary Priority 2: IPM Implementation in Communities Objective 1. Online offerings for Urban IPM education. • We will continue our efforts to educate green industry professionals in IPM practices by offering online courses using the Sciolytix platform. Upcoming courses will address the following topics: pollinator friendly landscapes, cold hardy berries suited for the mountain west and hard cider production in Montana. Participants will gain continuing education credits to become certified IPM practitioners. Objective 2. IPM education in Master Gardener training • Master Gardener Handbook will be expanded with and IPM focus. Level II curriculum is being taught currently throughout the state. Objective 3. Hands-on learning opportunities for landscape professionals. • At least one workshop on common native plants mistaken for noxious weeds and how to tell the difference between them will be offered. Cooperators will coordinate with county and agency seasonal spray crews about differentiating between noxious weeds and key beneficial plants to deliver this workshop and provide resources (e.g., PowerPoint presentation and videos) that can be accessed online for further training and reference beyond the time of the workshop • Thistle rust fungus (Puccinia punctiformis) is a parasitic fungus that can be effective at controlling Canada thistle because it grows throughout the root system and can kill the plant. The biocontrol agent is of interest to a diverse group of stakeholders, including organic farmers and public land managers. We will conduct a two-day workshop and develop a guide to inoculation. A video on inoculation will be released. A presentation will be made at the Montana Organic Association fall meeting. Objective 4. Participate in a webinar series with Idaho, Utah and Nevada. • We will continue to participate in an IPM webinar series hosted Utah State University. This monthly series will be from November to April and consist of six webinars. Each state will provide at least two speakers. Topics will include Cider Apples in the Intermountain West, Beekeeping and preventing losses, Native vs noxious weeds, Value of cover crops in the control of weeds and tree pests. Objective 5. Educate the general public about IPM • We will collaborate with Gallatin Valley Farm to School to distribute three fact sheets addressing IPM practices for vegetable production and how to safeguard and improve soil health. Two kid-friendly fact sheets are in progress, one addressing basics in soil health and one introducing common plant diseases in the vegetable garden. A third fact sheet will address insects in the garden, including pollinators. Objective 6. Distribute research-based education on pests in urban environments and structures • Produce 3, 3-minute videos on insect and other arthropod pests in urban environments and structures • Finish publications that are in progress or in review • Extension publications: Guidelines for revegetating invasive plant-infested range and pasture is in progress and will be released in 2022. ; Biocontrol of Canada thistle using biocontrol: a guide to inoculation is available on line at https://ipm.montana.edu/cropweeds/research/canada-thistle-rust-fungus.html • Two videos will be released: Native plants mistaken for noxious weeds and Biocontrol of Canada thistle using biocontrol: a guide to inoculation Secondary Priority 1: IPM Support for Pest Diagnostic Facilities Objective 1. Educate clients of the diagnostic laboratory on IPM-based pest management options • We will continue to provide written reports and phone conversations on identification, accept email, app and texted images for digital diagnosis. In 2020, the SDL conducted 2,695diagnoses. Objective 2. Provide rapid diagnostic tools to county extension offices • Fire blight quick diagnostic kits will be purchased and distributed to five counties which have traditionally submitted the most fire blight samples to the lab. The diagnostic kits will be for use in the extension office and research station to quickly discriminate between fire blight and other disease or abiotic disorders. Secondary Priority 2: IPM Education for Pesticide Applicators Objective 1. Pest management tour for pesticide applicators. • The Pest Management tour in 2021 took place in the eastern region of Montana, PAT district 4. The tour visited 8 counties. Three Native American Reservations were located within these counties. There were 226 participants. The 2022 PMT will be in District 5 which encompasses 11 counties in south central Montana. Objective 2. Delivery of integrated pest management information to pesticide applicators. • IPM information is included in the routine duties of the IPM team. • Two podcasts (Montana Ag Cast) on IPM-related pesticide education topics TBD.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Primary Priority 1: IPM Implementation in Agronomic Crops: Objective 1. Real-time monitoring of pests via PestWeb website and farmer cooperators. During the 2020 season, Orange Wheat Blossom Midge was present in 12 of 14 monitored counties. In the Flathead valley, producers did not apply insecticide due to information distributed as part of the monitoring effort. The PestWeb is a collaboration of grower/farmers, agent/educators and researchers. 1.5 K used the site which was an increase of 50%. Monitoring continued in 2021. Marmorated stink bug (BSMB) and spotted wing drosophila (SWD) invasive insect outreach was conducted with over 30 commercial orchards and at WARC's field days. 200 individuals participated in the Montana Organic Association's Farm Tour where participants were educated on invasives. WARC monitored SWD and BMSB in orchards in five counties. Codling moth monitoring continued at 10 locations. The Utah State University Temperature Resource and Alerts for Pests (USU-TRAPs) system is being implemented to help predict insects. Objective 2. Hands-on training for agricultural professionals The Integrated Pest Management Soil Health workshop was heldin person, in September. Participants were MSU Extension Agents (32%) and Crop Consultants (23%),farmers (14%) and agronomists (14%). Participants had1,300 clients. The workshop includedlectures, hands-on demonstrations in the field, and discussions centered around soil health and its role in IPM. Objective 3. Distribute research-based information for pest management. Twenty-seven extension publications and 26 peer reviewed journal articles and books were published. The MSU Urban and Ag Alert system (1592 subscribers) is intended for Extension agents, landscape professionals, arborists, city foresters/managers. 38 urban/ag alerts were posted. Five videos were completed and posted on the Extension YouTube page. The Schutter Lab maintains a Facebook page that has over 700 users. The Palmer Amaranth MontGuide was published inFall 2020. Ten presentations were given during the Southeastern Cropping Tour in January 0f 2020 where the biology and risk in Montana of Palmer Amaranth was presented. This helped educated growers who then examined seed, found Palmer Amaranth, and diverted the seed from being planted. A GPDN webinar was presented inFebruary 2021 on the biology and identification of pigweeds (Amaranthus) to root out Palmer amaranth and water hemp in Montana. The MT AgCast presented two episodes on Integrated Pest Management. The focus of the episode was on the implementation of IPM on three of Montana's agriculture industries; rangeland, cropping and fruit production. There have been 137 downloads of the episode. Part Two's focus was on how implementation of IPM strategies can help maintain pollinator health and populations. There have been 116 downloads of the episode. 69% accessed the episode by a mobile devise. The Growing Pulse Crops Podcast continued with support of the NCIPM Center and included mutliple IPM topics and invited speakers from the United States, Canada and Australia.https://www.growingpulsecrops.com/ Primary Priority 2: IPM Implementation in Communities Objective 1. Online offerings for Urban IPM education. Due to a change in the university platform where the online offerings were housed, all previous recorded courses were lost. New recordings will be created through Zoom. Previously recorded courses, which include plant identification, IPM basics and abiotic issues in the landscape will be re-recorded. Objective 2. IPM education in Master Gardener training The Level 3 Master Gardener course was held in August 2021. Sixteen attendees registering; class numbers were limited due to pandemic. Ten counties were represented. The hands-on training included IPM topics on diseases of woody ornamentals, insects of woody ornamentals and plant/weed identification. Objective 3. Hands-on learning opportunities for landscape professionals. The Turf to Trees Workshop was held in August of 2021. The topic was Beyond Diseases & Insects - Environmental and cultural Impacts on the Urban Landscape. 23 participants were part of six sessions. Participants consult with over 7,000 clients per year. Participants included extension agents, arborists, nursery personnel, landscapers and lawn care professionals. The rust inoculation video is in its final phase of editing. A resource on Thistle Rust was posted on the cropland weeds IPM page https://ipm.montana.edu/cropweeds/research/canada-thistle-rust-fungus.html Objective 4. Participate in a webinar series with Idaho, Utah and Nevada. The MSU IPM Group collaborated with Utah State University and University of Nevada on 'Cultivating Healthy Plants,' an IPM Webinar Series. Six webinars were held with an additional two in April. An average of 300 individuals participated in each session of the series. Private Industry, Extension, State/Federal Agencies, Private Homeowners and Commercial Growers were represented. Objective 5. Educate the general public about IPM Two kid-friendly fact sheets are in progress onsoil health and common plant diseases in the vegetable garden. Objective 6. Distribute research-based education on pests in urban environments and structures 19 fact sheets were created on insects in the urban and structural environment. 11 presentations, reaching over 300 people, on pests in urban environments and structures. A revision of the Structural Pest Control Operator and Health Related Training Manual was produced in collaboration with the Montana Department of Agriculture. A video was produced that introduces the concept of native plants and why it is important to consider them when managing noxious weeds. Concurrently, three videos have been made that highlight native plant-noxious weed pairings. These videos present key characteristics that distinguish the native species from the noxious species. Secondary Priority 1: IPM Support for Pest Diagnostic Facilities Objective 1. Educate clients of the diagnostic laboratory on IPM-based pest management options In 2020, the SDL conducted 2,695 plant and insect diagnoses in 52 of 56 Montana counties and five additional states. Over $2.5 million was saved affecting approximately 1.1 million acres because of SDL recommendations. In 2021, the SDL conducted 2,053 diagnoses. Sample numbers were reduced due to the extended drought. Objective 2. Provide rapid diagnostic tools to county extension offices Diagnostic kits for fire blight were distributed to Extension offices in four counties and one research center. Participating agents and researchers reported that they were crucial during the season of 2021 to distinguish between disease and abiotic disorders. Secondary Priority 2: IPM Education for Pesticide Applicators Objective 1. Pest management tour for pesticide applicators. The 2020 MSU Pest Management Tour was held in in October in Northcentral Montana. Workshops were held in 8 locations across 8 counties. Rocky Boy, Fort Belknap and the Blackfoot Reservations are all located within these counties. Onsite programming was offered at county locations on the first two days, while an online program was offered to individuals on the third day. Five Specialists from the IPM Group along with one department of agriculture representative presented to 226 individuals in the three-day event. Objective 2. Delivery of integrated pest management information to pesticide applicators. Three publications were created. Herbicides: Understanding what they are and how they work; Understanding Pesticide Drift and Drift Reduction Strategies and Pest Management Using Integrated Strategies. Five presentations were made targeting pesticide applicators which reached 255 individuals. Why isn't my Pesticide Working; Glyphosate and Paraquat: Use at Harvest; Health Risks; Foreign Impacts; Paraquat, Legal Pesticides & Hemp; Pesticide Fate and Environmental Concerns.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2021 Citation: Beck-Okins, A., L. del R�o Mendoza, M. Burrows, K. Simons, and J. Pasche. 2021. Pea seed-borne mosaic virus (PSbMV) risk analysis of field pea based on susceptibility, yield loss and seed transmission. Plant Disease
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Murphy, C. and M. Burrows. 2021. Management of the wheat curl mite and wheat streak mosaic virus with insecticides on spring and winter wheat. Frontiers in Plant Science. DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.682631
  • Type: Other Status: Submitted Year Published: 2021 Citation: Chen, W., G. Vandemark, R. McGee, L. Parikh, M. Burrows, S. Wu. 2021. Field evaluation of fungicides and essential oils for managing Ascochyta blight on chickpea, 2020. Plant Disease Management Reports.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Alleman, A., Mohammed, Y., McVay, K., Khan, Q. A., Carr, P., Miller, J., Miller, Z., Torrion, J., Lamb, P., Mus, F., Chen, C., Peters, J. Drivers of diazotroph community structure and co-occurrence in a Northern Great Plains pulse crop rotation system. Applied Soil Ecology, 157.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Mangold, J., Frame-Martin, S., Raile, E. Noxious Weed Views and Behaviors in Montana after 25 Years of Public Education. Invasive Plant Science and Management.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Submitted Year Published: 2021 Citation: Parikh, L., F. Crutcher, M. Burrows. 2021. Identification of metalaxyl and ethaboxam insensitive Pythium sylvaticum pathogenic to pulse crops in Montana, USA. Plant Health Progress
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Reinhart, K., Carlson, C., Feris, K., Germino, M., Jandreau, C., Lazarus, B., Mangold, J., Pellatz, D., Ramsey, P., Rinella, M., Valliant, M. (2020). Weed-suppressive bacteria fails to control Bromus tectorum under field conditions. Journal of Rangeland Ecology and Management.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Harvey, A., Rew, L., Prather, T., Mangold, J. (2020). Effects of elevated temperature and CO2 concentration on seedling growth of Ventenata dubia (Leers) Coss and Bromus tectorum L. Agronomy, 10(1718), 9. https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/11/1718
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Ouverson, T., Eberly, J., Seipel, T., Menalled, F., Ishaq, S. (2021). Temporal soil bacterial community responses to cropping systems and crop identity in dryland agroecosystems of the Northern Great Plains. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 5, 75.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Larson, C., Menalled, F., Lehnhoff, E., Seipel, T. (2021). Plant community responses to integrating livestock into a reduced-till organic cropping system. Ecosphere, 12(3), e03412.
  • Type: Books Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Burrows, M., Chen, W., Harveson, R., Pasche, J., Porter, L. (2021). Compendium of Pea Diseases and Pests. St. Paul, MN: APS Press.
  • Type: Books Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Smith, D., Wise, K., Freije, A., Sisson, A., Friskop, A., Tenuta, A., Byamukama, E., Marshall, J., Burrows, M., Mueller, D. (2021). A Farmers Guide to Wheat Diseases. APS Press.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: McKelvy, U., Brelsford, M., Sherman, J., Burrows, M. (2021). Reactions of winter wheat, spring wheat, and barley cultivars to mechanical inoculation with Wheat streak mosaic virus. Plant Health Progress.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Harvey, A. J., Davis, S. C., Rew, L., Prather, T. S., Mangold, J. (2020). Effect of Pseudoroegneria spicata (bluebunch wheatgrass) seeding date on establishment and subsequent ability to resist invasion by Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass). Ecological Restoration, 38, 145-152.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Orloff, L. N., Mangold, J., Seipel, T. F., Tharp, C. (2021). Herbicides: Understanding what they are and how they work (MT202108AG ed., pp. 4). Bozeman, MT: Montana State University Extension. https://store.msuextension.org/Products/Herbicides-Understanding-What-They-Are-and-How-They-Work-MT202108AG__MT202108AG.aspx
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Tharp, C., Bowser, A. (2020). Understanding Pesticide Drift and Drift Reduction Strategies. In MSU Extension Publications (Ed.), No (EB0233 ed., vol. EB0233, pp. 15). Bozeman, MT: MSU Extension Publications.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Tharp, C. (2020). Pest Management Using Integrated Strategies. MSU Extension MontGuides (MT202009AG ed., vol. MT202009AG, pp. 4). Bozeman, MT: MSU Extension Publications. https://store.msuextension.org/publications/AgandNaturalResources/MT202009AG
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Eilers, S. E., Grimme, E., Kerzicnik, L. M., Orloff, L. N., Palmer, D. (2020). 2021 Calendar - Urban IPM Calendar. Bozeman, MT: Montana State University Extension.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Mangold, J., Orloff, L. N. (2021). Plants Poisonous to Livestock in Montana and Wyoming (Plant Materials Technical Note MT-124 ed., pp. 43). Bozeman, Montana: USDA-NRCS, Bozeman State Office.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Seipel, T. F., Mangold, J., Fine, T., Pokorny, M., Orloff, L. N. (2020). Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) (MT202011AG ed., pp. 4). Bozeman, MT: Montana State University Extension. https://apps.msuextension.org/montguide/guide.html?sku=MT202011AG
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Orloff, L. N., Mangold, J., Seipel, T. F. (2020). A Guide to Diagnosing Non-Target Herbicide Injury on Plants (EB0232 ed., pp. 38). Bozeman, Montana: Montana State University Extension. https://msuextension.org/pubs/herbicideinjuryguide/index.html
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Kerzicnik, L. M. Common Insect Pests of Trees in the Great Plains. https://store.msuextension.org/Products/A-Guide-to-Pests-Problems-and-Identification-of-Ornamental-Shrubs-and-Trees-in-Montana-EB0235__EB0235.aspx
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Miller, Z., Jarrett, B., Moore-Gough, C. (2021). Growing Cold-Hardy Berries and Small Fruits in Montana (MT202101AG ed., pp. 8). Bozeman, MT: MSU-Extension. https://store.msuextension.org/Products/Growing-Cold-Hardy-Berries-and-Small-Fruits-in-Montana-MT202101AG__MT202101AG.aspx
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Grimme, E., Miller, Z., Moore-Gough, C., Zidack, N., Burrows, M. (2020). Important Apple Diseases in Montana and Recommended Varieties for Resistance (pp. 8). Bozeman: Montana State University Extension. https://apps.msuextension.org/montguide/guide.html?sku=MT200812AG
  • Type: Books Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Eilers, S. E., Grimme, E., Kerzicnik, L. M., Orloff, L. N. (2021). A Guide to Pests, Problems, and Identification of Ornamental Shrubs and Trees in Montana (pp. 235). MSU Extension. https://store.msuextension.org/Products/A-Guide-to-Pests-Problems-and-Identification-of-Ornamental-Shrubs-and-Trees-in-Montana-EB0235__EB0235.aspx


Progress 09/01/19 to 08/31/20

Outputs
Target Audience:Citizens of Montana including farmers, county extension agents, agricultural professionals, pesticide applicators, and home and landowners; US Forest Service, Montana Department of Agriculture, APHIS-PPQ, county weed districts, Helena Housing Authority, landscape organizations, agricultural organizations, master gardeners. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? 2020 Western Director's Award for Excellence, Montana State University Extension Integrated Pest Management Program Kerzicnik, L. Panelist, USDA-NIFA FY2019 Pre-doctoral Fellowships Grant Program. Jan-Feb 2020. Kerzicnik, L. Peer-reviewed journal review. Agricultural and Forest Entomology. 2/14/20. Kerzicnik, LM. Undergraduate mentor, Maddison Milliman. MSU. Bozeman, MT. Grimme, E. DNRC_MISC Tree Pest Committee Meeting, Member, Helena, MT, 4/24/2019. The Montana Invasive Species Council (MISC) is a statewide partnership working to protect Montana's economy, natural resources, and public health through a coordinated approach to combat invasive species. Burrows. American Phytopathological Society meeting. Cleveland, OH. 2 Aug 2020. Burrows and Eilers. WERA-1017 meeting. Richland, WA. 17 Sept. 2020. Burrows. North American Pulse Improvement Association meeting, Fargo, ND. 8 Nov 2019. Burrows. Pulse Crop Working Group Meeting. Pullman, WA. 23 Jan 2020. Burrows. WERA-97 meeting. Online. 9 June 2020. Burrows. Advisory committee, Western Region IPM Center. 2020-present Burrows. Chair, WERA-1017Coordination of Integrated Pest Management Research and Extension/Educational Programs for the Western States and Pacific Basin Territories How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?See outputs for specific numbers. Presentations, field days, workshops, social media (Facebook, Twitter), traditional media (radio, television, newspaper, press releases), Montana AgAlerts (email and text), Montana Urban Alerts (email and text), websites. Stakeholder advisory committee meeting. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Primary Priority 1: IPM Implementation in Agronomic Crops: Objective 1. Real-time monitoring of pests via PestWeb website and farmer cooperators. PestWeb efforts will continue monitoring wheat blossom midge, alfalfa weevil and alfalfa midge. New efforts focus on fruit crops in orchards and will be led by the Western Agricultural Research Center in Corvallis, MT. Target pests are codling moth, spotted wing drosophila and brown marmorated stink bug. Objective 2. Hands-on training for agricultural professionals. A soil health workshop is planned for October 2020. Training will be held online if COVID-19 prevents in-person workshops, or in-person with associated webinars. Funding from the WSARE Professional Development Program will cover travel costs for outside speakers if we are able to hold the workshop in person. Objective 3. Distribute research-based information for pest management. Normal efforts will continue, with travel reduced due to COVID-19. Online efforts are increasing, especially videos. The IPM team has received video production training from Montana PBS to assist us in educational efforts. Videos are posted to the MSU Extension YouTube channel and social media. A Plant Management Network subscription is provided 50% to all MSU staff. Palmer amaranth is the most problematic weed in the United States. Montana is one of the three last states yet to document it. Recent occurrences in neighboring states require an urgent team effort to educate agricultural stakeholder, develop prevention tactics including early detection and rapid response. We will develop education materials including a fact sheet and a video on risk, vectors, and identification. All materials will be distributed across the state and on the internet. Two podcasts (Montana Ag Cast) on IPM in agriculture. Topics TBD. Primary Priority 2: IPM Implementation in Communities Objective 1. Online offerings for Urban IPM education. We will continue our efforts to educate green industry professionals in IPM practices by offering online courses using the DigitalChalk platform. Upcoming courses will address the following topics: IPM for primary insect pests and abiotic disorders of fruit, vegetables, turf, ornamentals, and landscape plants; Montana's mushrooms. Participants will gain continuing education credits to become certified IPM practitioners. Objective 2. IPM education in Master Gardener training New Level 2 Master Gardener curriculum (IPM focused), including videos, is currently being updated and will be available to Extension educators in fall 2020. A new Level 2 Master Gardener Handbook will be developed. Handbook will have color photos and focus on IPM education and diagnostics. A Level 3 hands-on IPM course has been rescheduled for August 2021 due to COVID-19. Objective 3. Hands-on learning opportunities for landscape professionals. A hands-on urban workshop will be held in Bozeman in September 2020. Emphasis will be on pollinators and best management practices for pest control operators and master gardeners maintaining bees in the urban landscape, growing berries in Montana, vegetable production in high tunnels and raised beds, and wildlife damage. Awareness, prevention, non-chemical controls, and reduced-risk pesticides will be targeted. Two workshops on common native plants mistaken for noxious weeds and how to tell the difference between them will be offered. Cooperators will record a webinar focused on training county and agency seasonal spray crews about differentiating between noxious weeds and key beneficial plants, and work with Montana Department of Agriculture to make this resource available for continuing education pesticide credits. Thistle rust fungus (Puccinia punctiformis) is a parasitic fungus that can be effective at controlling Canada thistle because it grows throughout the root system and can kill the plant. The biocontrol agent is of interest to a diverse group of stakeholders, including organic farmers and public land managers. We will conduct a two-day workshop and develop a guide to inoculation. Objective 4. Participate in a webinar series with Idaho, Utah and Nevada. We will continue to participate in an IPM webinar series hosted Utah State University. This monthly series will be from October to April and consist of six webinars. Each state will provide at least one speaker. Objective 5. Educate the general public about IPM We will collaborate with Gallatin Valley Farm to School to distribute fact sheets addressing IPM practices for vegetable production and how to safeguard and improve soil health. Fact sheets will support educators in their outreach activities connecting kids and families with local food production. Objective 6. Distribute research-based education on pests in urban environments and structures Educational efforts will continue including presentations, publications, traditional and social media, and videos including a focus on common household pests 3, 3-minute videos on insect pests 5 common urban insect fact sheets Extension publications: Guidelines for revegetating invasive plant-infested range and pasture; Biocontrol of Canada thistle using biocontrol: a guide to inoculation Videos: Native plants mistaken for noxious weeds, Biocontrol of Canada thistle using biocontrol: a guide to inoculation Two podcasts (Montana Ag Cast) on IPM in communities. Topics TBD. Secondary Priority 1: IPM Support for Pest Diagnostic Facilities Objective 1. Educate clients of the diagnostic laboratory on IPM-based pest management options We provide written reports and phone conversations on identification, accept email, app and texted images for digital diagnosis. The lab processes 2000-3000 samples/year. Objective 2. Provide rapid diagnostic tools to county extension offices Based on previous results, fire blight quick diagnostic kits will be purchased and distributed to five counties (Gallatin, Lewis & Clark, Missoula, Flathead, Sanders) for use in the office to quickly discriminate between fire blight and other disease or abiotic disorders. Secondary Priority 2: IPM Education for Pesticide Applicators Objective 1. Pest management tour for pesticide applicators. The PMT tour in 2020 will take place in the northcentral region of Montana, PAT district 3. The tour will represent nine counties and three Native American Reservations with an estimated 250-300 participants. Objective 2. Delivery of integrated pest management information to pesticide applicators. IPM information is included in the routine duties of the IPM team. Two podcasts (Montana Ag Cast) on IPM-related pesticide education topics TBD.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? The Montana IPM Program has four areas of emphasis: Agronomic crops, Communities, Diagnostics, and Pesticide Education. Below we list the objectives and demonstrate satisfactory progress for the 2019 reporting period. In summary, the team published 30 peer reviewed publications, 74 non-peer reviewed publications, 122 presentations (4,959 participants) and 21 appearances on Montana Ag Live on Montana PBS (20,000 viewers/episode). Primary Priority 1: IPM Implementation in Agronomic Crops Objective 1. Real-time monitoring of pests via PestWeb website and farmer cooperators (80%). Alfalfa weevil data was collected by 17 monitors in 21 counties in MT, ND, UT, and WY. Alfalfa midge was monitored by 20 monitors in 37 counties in Montana and North Dakota. The PestWeb website had 1005 users in 2019 with 9613 views which is an increase of 21%. Efforts continue in 2020. Objective 2. Hands-on training for agricultural professionals (100%). Hosted a two-day interactive workshop in June 2019 with a focus on weed management (16 participants).Herbicide resistance and injury diagnostics were reported to be most useful topics. Eighty-three percent of survey respondents reported that the workshop increased their confidence to present IPM alternatives to their clients Objective 3. Distribute research-based information for pest management (90%). Outputs included 21 appearances on 13 episodes of Montana Ag Live on Montana PBS (20,000 viewers/episode); 24 Ag alerts issued to 1213 subscribers; 23 Urban alerts to 483 subscribers. Four informational videos were released that can be found on the MSU Extension YouTube channel and have received 1,429 views. Primary Priority 2: IPM Implementation in Communities Objective 1. Online offerings for Urban IPM education (80%). Seventeenindividuals have registered for the online Urban IPM course and 144 have received continuing education credits. Thirty-three percent have started and 25% have successfully completed the course. Current topics covered are Introduction to IPM Part 1 & 2, Plant Identification, and Conifer Diseases. Additional materials are in development. Objective 2. IPM education in Master Gardener training (100%). 2,500 copies of the 2020 Urban IPM Calendar were distributed in fall 2019. Each month highlights pest/disease issues that are prevalent. Fifty-four county extension offices and 4 reservations were supplied with copies for master gardener programing. Two hundred copies were distributed on the Flathead Reservation with 150 going directly to native producers. Calendars were also available to green industry professionals to distribute to clientele. Objective 3. Hands-on learning opportunities for landscape professionals (80%). An applied Urban IPM workshop 'Turf to Trees' was held for green industry professionals in September 2019 with 39 attendees. Dr. Raymond Cloyd, Kansas State University, presented on insect diagnosis and identification. A campus tree diagnostic tour, presentations on weed identification and hands-on disease diagnosis of woody ornamentals were also part of the workshop. In October 2019 we hosted a 'Walking Tree Tour' for identification of common pest issues during the 10th Annual Northern Rockies Tree School. Fifty attended the tour and 70% of survey respondents were arboristsfrom Wyoming and Montana. Another workshop is planned in September 2020. Objective 5. Participate in a webinar series with Utah and Nevada (100%). Dr. Cathy Cripps of Montana State University presented a Utah State Forestry Learn at Lunch webinar in May 2019. There were 291 attendees and 34% were involved with arboriculture. The presentation was on native mycorrhizal fungi and whitebark pine restoration. Objective 6. Distribute research-based education on pests in urban environments and structures (80%). Efforts included 16 urban insect presentations and 7 urban alerts. Three bed bug workshops were conducted for public housing authorities in Billings, Helena, and Great Falls, MT in March 2020. Eighty-two percent of workshop participants increased their knowledge detecting infestations, 86% increased their knowledge about biology, and 73% were likely to make monitoring/inspection changes based on information from the workshop. A short video was released showcasing an "IPM Success Story" with monitoring, pest identification, and effective cultural IPM practices at the Museum of the Rockies in December 2019. Efforts are continuing. Secondary Priority 1: IPM Support for Pest Diagnostic Facilities Objective 1. Educate clients of the Schutter Diagnostic Laboratory (SDL) on IPM-based pest management options (80%). The SDL conducted a total of 2,588 diagnoses through physical, email, and app samples in 55 of 56 Montana counties and seven additional states. A full report is on our website at http://diagnostics.montana.edu/. The SDL maintains a Facebook page that has over 550 users. In 2019, we had a post reach over 36,000 from our 60 Facebook posts, and an average of 80 engaged users per post. Efforts are continuing. Objective 2. Extend information on diagnostics services with a focus on local food producers (100%). Sixty local foods producers were sent an on-line survey in May 2019. Thirty percent of recipients responded from 11 counties. Managing pests without chemicals was a common educational need. Twenty-eight greenhouse personnel and local foods producers attended a workshop in September 2019 with topics including sanitation and biocontrol/biopesticides. Objective 3. Provide rapid diagnostic tools to county extension offices (80%). In the 2019, five counties were provided with plant disease diagnostic kits for Phytophthora spp., Erwinia amylovora, and Tobacco mosaic virus. These kits helped increase the authoritativeness of the county agent in identifying plant diseases and providing management recommendations to clients, with the most used kit being fire blight (75%). Efforts continue for 2020. Secondary Priority 2: IPM Education for Pesticide Applicators Objective 1. Pest management tour for pesticide applicators (100%). In October, the 2019 Pest Management Tour was held at eight locations representing 12 counties in southwestern Montana with 311 attendees. Seven presentations were offered at each site to an audience primarily composed of farmers. The MSU Pesticide Education Website had 20,961 users, 25,074 sessions and 38,593 views. Objective 2. Update personal protective equipment kits for hands-on training of pesticide applicators (100%). Kit distribution completed FY 18-19. Objective 3. Interactive training on herbicide carryover and injury for pesticide applicators and educators, private businesses and the general public (80%). Ninety-five samples were assessed for potential herbicide injury (73% non-crop or residential, 27% agriculture). We suspected herbicide injury to be affecting samples in 87% of these cases. In 2019 and 2020 a teaching module, 'A guide to diagnosing non-target herbicide injury in agricultural and horticultural settings,' was produced for educators to aid in assessing and identifying potential non-target herbicide injury. It will be available in spring 2020 in print and online as a PDF and HTML page. Objective 4. Delivery of integrated pest management information to pesticide applicators (80%). An "Understanding IPM" MontGuide will be distributed in spring 2020. It will be provided to pesticide applicators as reference material during routine training. This has the potential of reducing impacts of excessive pesticide use and ensuring the use of least toxic methods. A video will be produced in spring 2020 that will assist pesticide applicators to purchase the appropriate pesticide for their situation, while minimizing potential poisonings and non-target damage associated with poor understanding of products. Six videos were released in April 2020 to help participants study for the Montana Private Applicator Exam. Integrated Pest Management was one in the series.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2020 Citation: Owati, A., Agindotan, B., Burrows, M., Wheeler, D. (2020). Owati, A, B. Agindotan, M. Burrows., D. Wheeler 2020. Development of a rapid and sensitive real-time and conventional SSR-PCR assays for the detection of Didymella rabiei Ascochyta blight pathogen of chickpea.. Plant Disease.
  • Type: Books Status: Accepted Year Published: 2020 Citation: Burrows, M., Chen, W., Harveson, R., Pasche, J., Porter, L. (2020). Compendium of Pea Diseases and Pests. St. Paul, MN: APS Press.
  • Type: Books Status: Accepted Year Published: 2020 Citation: Smith, D., Wise, K., Freije, a., Sisson, A., Friskop, A., Tenuta, A., Byamukama, E., Marshall, J., Burrows, M., Mueller, D. (2020). A Farmers Guide to Wheat Diseases. APS Press.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2019 Citation: Cummins, B., Seipel, T. F., Burrows, M., Menalled, F. Bromus tectorum reduces winter wheat yields more than Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus under warmer and drier conditions in the Northern Great Plains. Eological Modelling.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2019 Citation: Ishaq, S., Seipel, T. F., Burrows, M., Yeoman, C., Menalled, F. Dryland cropping system, weed communities, and disease status modulates the effect of climate conditions on wheat soil bacterial communities.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Other Year Published: 2019 Citation: Owati, A., Agindotan, B., Wheeler, D., Burrows, M. e. Development and application of real-time and conventional SSR-PCR assays for the specific and sensitive detection of Didymella rabiei Ascochyta blight pathogen of chickpea. Plant Disease.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Owati, A., Agindotan, B., Burrows, M. Development and application of real-time and conventional SSR-PCR assays for rapid and sensitive detection of Didymella pisi associated with Ascochyta blight of dry pea. Plant Disease.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Other Year Published: 2020 Citation: Owati, A., Agindotan, B., Burrows, M. e. Characterization and detection of fungal species associated with Ascochyta blight of dry pea in Montana. Plant Disease.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Other Year Published: 2020 Citation: Grimberg De Menalled, B., Dougher, T., Mangold, J., Rew, L., Sterling, T. Women in Agriculture, Needs, Aspirations, and Achievements. Rural Sociology. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/15490831
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Metier, E., Lehnhoff, E., Mangold, J., Rinella, M., Rew, L. Control of downy (Bromus tectorum) and Japanese brome (Bromus japonicus) using glyphosate and four graminicides: effects of herbicide rate, plant size, species, and accession. Weed Technology.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Ehlert, K., Mangold, J., Menalled, F., Miller, Z. (2019). Seeding, herbicide, and fungicide impact on perennial grass establishment in cheatgrass infested habitats. Ecological Restoration, 37, 67-70.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Krista, E., Miller, Z., Mangold, J., Menalled, F., Thornton, A. (2019). Temperature effects on three Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass, downy brome) populations inoculated with the fungal pathogen Pyrenophora semeniperda. Invasive Plant Science and Management, 12, 150-154.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Ehlert, K., Thorton, A., Mangold, J., Menalled, F., Miller, Z. (2019). Temperature effects on three Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass, downy brome) populations inoculated with the fungal pathogen Pyrenophora semeniperda. Invasive Plant Science and Management, 12, 150-154.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Ehlert, K., Mangold, J., Menalled, F., Miller, Z., Dyer, A. (2019). Seeding, herbicide, and fungicide impact on perennial grass establishment in cheatgrass infested habitats. Ecological Restoration, 37, 67-70.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Lehnhoff, E., Rew, L., Mangold, J., Seipel, T. F., Ragen, D. L. (2019). Integrated management of cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) with sheep grazing and herbicide. Agronomy, 9(6).
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Submitted Year Published: 2019 Citation: Harvey, A. J., Rew, L., Prather, T. S., Mangold, J. Effects of elevated temperature and CO2 concentration on seedling growth of Ventenata dubia and Bromus tectorum. Western North American Naturalist.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Submitted Year Published: 2019 Citation: Harvey, A. J., Davis, S. C., Rew, L., Prather, T. S., Mangold, J. Effect of Pseudoroegneria spicata (bluebunch wheatgrass) seeding date on establishment and subsequent ability to resist invasion by Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass). Ecological Restoration.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Rinella, M. J., Knudsen, A. D., Jacobs, J. S., Mangold, J. (2020). Seeding causes long-term increases in grass forage production in invaded rangelands. Rangeland Ecology and Management, 73, 329-333.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2020 Citation: Menalled, U., Seipel, T. F., Menalled, F. (in press). Farming system and crop rotation effects on biologically mediated plant-soil feedbacks. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Other Year Published: 2019 Citation: Larson, C., Seipel, T. F., Lehmhoff, E., Menalled, F. Impact of management systems on weed communities. Weed Research.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Seipel, T. F., Ishaq, S., Menalled, F. (2019). Agroecosystem resilience is modified by management system and climate conditions via plant soil feedbacks. Basic and Applied Ecology, 39, 1-9.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Gervin, C. A., Bruun, H. H., Seipel, T. F., Burgess, N. D. (2019). Presence of both Active and Inactive Colonies of Prairie Dogs Contributes to Higher Vegetation Heterogeneity at the Landscape Scale. The American Midland Naturalist, 181(2), 183 - 194 - 12. https://doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031-181.2.183
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Ishaq, S., Seipel, T. F., Yeoman, C. p., Menalled, F. Rhizosphere bacterial communities of wheat vary across the growing season and among dryland farming systems. Geoderma, 358(15):113989. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.113989
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Wood, D., Seipel, T. F., Irvine, K., Rew, L., Stoy, P. Fire and development influences on sagebrush community plant groups across a climate gradient in northern Nevada. Ecosphere.
  • Type: Book Chapters Status: Submitted Year Published: 2019 Citation: Montagn�, N., Wanner, K., Jacquin-Joly, E. Chapter 15. Olfactory genomics within the Lepidoptera. In Dick Vogt (Ed.), Insect Pheromone Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Elsevier.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Yeoman, C., Brutscher, L. M., Esen, O. C., Ibaoglu, F., Fowler, C., Eren, A. M., Wanner, K., Weaver, D. (2019). Genome-resolved insights into a novel Spiroplasma symbiont of the wheat stem sawfly (Cephus cinctus). PEERJ, 7(e7548), 1-23.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Other Year Published: 2019 Citation: Andrews, K., Gerritsen, A., Rashed, A., Crowder, D., Rondon, S., van Herk, W., Vernon, R., Wanner, K., Wilson, C., New, D., Fagnan, M., Hohenlohe, P., Hunter, S. Wireworm (Coleoptera: Elateridae) genomic analysis reveals putative cryptic species, population structure, and adaptation to pest control. Communications Biology.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Other Year Published: 2019 Citation: Wanner, K. Wide-field Pheromone Odorant Receptors Reveal the Presence of a Cryptic, Redundant Sex Pheromone Component in the European Corn Borer, Ostrinia nubilalis. Journal of Chemical Ecology.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Submitted Year Published: 2019 Citation: Morales-Rodriguez, A., Wichman, D., Wanner, K. Effects of Tillage, Fallow Rotation and Seeding Density on Wireworm Populations and Damage to Cereal Grain Crops in Montana. Crop, Forage, & Turfgrass Management.


Progress 09/01/18 to 08/31/19

Outputs
Target Audience:Citizens of Montana including farmers, county extension agents, agricultural professionals, pesticide applicators, and home and landowners; US Forest Service, Montana Department of Agriculture, APHIS-PPQ, county weed districts, Helena Housing Authority, landscape organizations, agricultural organizations, master gardeners. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Extended the PestWeb to North Dakota participants including county agents, ag professionals IPM entomology workshop provided opportunities for learning by county agents and agricultural professionals as well as graduate students. Professionals learned about entomology topics from Nebraska and Colorado in addition to Montana. Under the Urban IPM program, 12 individuals were certified and 144 have signed up to receive credits and educational opportunities. The hands-on IPM Horticultural workshop helped train 33 county agents and master gardeners in Idaho and Montana. County agents, landscape professionals and Specialists received training on native mycorrhizal fungi and whitebark pine restoration as part of the joint webinar series with Utah and Nevada. Burrows attended the WERA 1017 meeting in Portland, OR, allowing for professional development opportunities with other western IPM coordinators. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?See outputs for specific numbers. Presentations, field days, workshops, social media (Facebook, Twitter), traditional media (radio, television, newspaper, press releases), Montana AgAlerts (email and text), Montana Urban Alerts (email and text), websites. Stakeholder advisory committee meeting, Bozeman. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Primary Priority 1: IPM Implementation in Agronomic Crops Objective 1. Real-time monitoring of pests via a website and farmer cooperators · The pestweb will continue to be used for monitoring of the orange wheat blossom midge and the alfalfa weevil will be added (Funded by a WRIPMC grant to Wanner). · A video will be produced in 2019 that will cover the history of the Pestweb site and wheat midge in Montana, expected release is in the spring of 2020. Objective 2. Hands-on training for agricultural professionals · The 2019 IPM Weeds Workshop will be held on June 18th and 19th. · Topics include managing weeds in cereal cropping systems, herbicide resistance prevention and research, understanding non-target herbicide injury prevention and diagnosis, soil acidification impacts to weed management, use of cover crops to manage weeds, and perennial weed control in organic agriculture. Objective 3. Distribute research-based information for pest management · Five videos will be produced in 2019 covering pesticides, invasive annual grasses, pulse crop root rots, herbicide resistant weeds and wheat midge. Primary Priority 2: IPM Implementation in Communities Objective 1. Online offerings for Urban IPM education · We will expand the online course by adding presentations addressing the following topics: Learning about Montana Mushrooms, IPM for Primary Insect Pests of Apple and Cherry, Conifer Diseases, and Identifying and Remedying Abiotic Injury of Fruits, Vegetables and Ornamental Plants Objective 2. IPM education in Master Gardener training · 2,250 copies of the Pest in the Garden 2020 Calendar will be available in the fall of 2019 for Master Gardeners, County Extension Agents and Green Industry Professionals. Photos for this calendar are from green industry professionals. The calendar will focus on scouting and IPM principles. Objective 3. Hands-on learning opportunities for landscape professionals including cooperative in-service training with Idaho and Utah · In September, the Urban IPM Workshop will be held in Bozeman for green industry professionals, master gardeners and extension agents. Dr. Raymond Cloyd of Kansas State University will present on urban pests. · Idaho will host the 2019 IPM Horticultural Workshop. The 2020 workshop will be held in Bozeman, Montana. Objective 4. Update the Intermountain Tree Fruit Guide with Colorado and Utah · Montana specific updates will be added to the 2020 edition of the Intermountain Tree Fruit Guide. 200 copies will be printed for distribution. Objective 5. Participate in a webinar series with Utah and Nevada · Objective is complete. Objective 6. Distribute research-based education on pests in urban environments and structures · In November of 2019 a workshop will be held in Billings, Montana that will highlight urban pests in relation to structures. · A scouting guide 'IPM Scouting Guide for the Rocky Mountain Region' is being created. It will highlight insects and disease, abiotic issues, and plant identification Secondary Priority 1: IPM Support for Pest Diagnostic Facilities Objective 1. Educate clients of the diagnostic laboratory on IPM-based pest management options · Continue to provide diagnostic services through the Schutter Diagnostic Laboratory and Plant Sample Submission App. · Continue to survey stakeholders and adjust to their needs. Objective 2. Extend information on diagnostic services with a focus on local food producers · Survey information gathered in FY19 will function as baseline for the development of local or regional IPM Pest Management Strategic Plans. · Survey results will provide direction for future IPM initiatives for the MSU Extension IPM program. This survey will gather data that will capture what the needs of local food producers are for diagnostic services and IPM education. · A workshop will be held on September 10, 2019 that will focus on local food producers and greenhouses. Dr. Raymond Cloyd's topic will be on biocontrol in the greenhouse and in relation to small farms. Objective 3. Provide rapid diagnostic tools to county extension office · In May 2019, five county extension agents (Blaine, Richland, Fergus, Beaverhead, and Missoula counties) received kits for the diagnosis of Phytophthora spp., Erwinia amylovora, and Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). We will continue to provide information on the plant pathogens, kit instructions and sample log sheets. Secondary Priority 2: IPM Education for Pesticide Applicators Objective 1. Pest management tour for pesticide applicators · The 2019 Pest Management Tour will be held in October in Region 2 which is made up of 12 counties in the southwest corner of the state. Objective 2. Update personal protective equipment kits for hands-on training of pesticide applicators · Objective complete Objective 3. Interactive training on herbicide carryover and injury for pesticide applicators and educators, private businesses and the general public · In 2019 and 2020 a teaching module for educators such as Extension agents and county weed coordinators will be produced so they may conduct similar workshops in their own communities. This module will include descriptions of non-target herbicide injury scenarios, photographs of symptomatic plants, and instructions for growing and applying herbicides to plants to achieve desired symptoms. · A new MSU Extension publication: 'A guide to diagnosing non-target herbicide injury in agricultural and horticultural settings' will be released in early 2020. Objective 4. Delivery of integrated pest management information to pesticide applicators. · Two issues of the Montana IPM Bulletin will be released · The "Understanding IPM" Montguide will be created in 2019 with distribution in 2020. · A video will be produced in 2019 that will assist pesticide applicators to purchase the appropriate pesticide that is ideal for their pest management situation, while minimizing potential poisonings and non-target damage that are associated with a poor understanding of the pesticide product.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? The team of experts with the Montana State IPM Program have made significant progress educating our stakeholders about IPM principles. We conducted a number of interdisciplinary training opportunities in cooperation with other states. The PestWeb was an invaluable resource for monitoring populations of the Orange Wheat Blossom Midge. The service was expanded in 2018 to 19 Montana and 20 North Dakota Counties, with 1,300 users of the website. A hands-on workshop with a focus on entomology included perspectives from colleagues in Colorado, Nebraska, and from Monsanto. Participants influenced decisions on over 876k acres. In addition to standard extension methods such as presentations and use of media, we had an app released in 2018 that was used for 190 samples, mostly for plant identification. Our Schutter Diagnostic Laboratory processed 2967 samples for plant disease, insect, weeds, mushrooms, herbicide injury, and abiotic causes during the reporting period and feedback from our annual client survey consistently indicates the lab and the IPM personnel associated with the lab is an invaluable resource for the state. The estimated economic impact of the lab in 2018 was over $7.5 million. We distributed diagnostic tests for rapid plant diseases in county extension offices (Tobacco mosaic virus, fire blight, and late blight). These kits helped increase the authoritativeness of the county agent in identifying plant diseases and provide management recommendations to clients without delays caused by submitting a physical sample to the diagnostic lab for testing. Due to increased sample submission of herbicide injury (90% increase from 2013 to 2018), a hands-on workshop was developed and delivered in 13 workshops reaching over 500 participants. A written guide is also being developed. Total number of peer-reviewed publications:13 Total number of non-peer reviewed publications: 84 Total number of presentations: 67 + 12 episodes of Montana Ag Live (Montana PBS) =79 total presentations Total number of people reached during this reporting period: 3,872 + Montana Ag Live (20,000/episode) 240,000 = 243,872 a) Accomplishments for the reporting period: Primary Priority 1: IPM Implementation in Agronomic Crops: Objective 1. Real-time monitoring of pests (100%): 19 Montana and 20 North Dakota Counties participated in monitoring in 2018. The pestweb site (pestweb.montana.edu) had 1,300 users with 7,114 views, a 75% increase from the previous year Objective 2. Hands-on training (100%): The IPM Workshop: Entomology topics included were floral biodiversity, insecticide modes of action, wheat stem sawfly. Ten workshop participants managed >876k acres. 95% of respondents indicated the IPM workshop had improved their ability to present IPM alternatives to customers. Objective 3. Distribute research-based information: 19 Urban Alerts with 309 subscribers via email and 18 via text; 35 Ag alerts with 1,036 email, 108 text, and 13 fax subscribers. There were 3,592 users with 7,950 pageviews during this time period; 22 appearances on Montana Ag Live on Montana PBS, on 12 episodes with an average viewership of 20,000 per episode; 90 presentations; 23 journal articles, 17 newsletters, and 16 extension documents were produced. Primary Priority 2: IPM Implementation in Communities Objective 1. Online offerings for Urban IPM education (100%): Current topics covered are Introduction to IPM Part 1 & 2 and Plant Identification. 12 individuals are certified under the Urban IPM program. 144 individuals are signed up to receive credits. Objective 2. IPM education in Master Gardener training (100%): 2,500 "Pest in the Garden" 2019 calendars were distributed to 56 counties and six American Indian Reservation extension offices and via partnerships with private industry for Master Gardeners and community members. Objective 3. Hands-on learning opportunities for landscape professionals (100%): In July of 2018, a 2 day IPM Horticultural Workshop was hosted in Missoula, MT. 33 extension agents from Montana and Idaho along with level three Montana Master Gardeners attended. Presentations included: 'Plant disease diagnostic kits for rapid diagnosis,' 'How do herbicides kill plants?', 'Organic pest management for gardens and orchards' and 'Facts and myths of western spiders.' Objective 4. Update the Intermountain Tree Fruit Guide with Colorado and Utah (100%): Information from Montana was included in the Guide: apple maggot, spotted-wing drosophila, codling moth, etc. 95 copies of the Intermountain Tree Fruit Guide were distributed to County Extension Agents and Fruit Tree Producers in the Fall of 2018. Objective 5. Participate in a webinar series with Utah and Nevada (100%): Dr. Cathy Cripps of Montana State University presented a talk on Native Mycorrhizal Fungi and Whitebark Pine Restoration at the Utah State Forestry Learn at Lunch webinar with 291 attendees. 34% surveyed indicated that they were involved with arboriculture. Objective 6. Distribute research-based education on pests in urban environments and structures (60%): A workshop on bed bug biology, monitoring, treatment, and liability/legal issues was held in cooperation with the Helena Housing Authority, NitroGreen, and Montana Legal Services. There were 66 participants. 88% felt very to extremely knowledgeable about bed bug management after the workshop compared to 8% before the workshop. 65% of the attendees are likely to make monitoring or management changes based on what they learned. A video was produced on IPM practices to remediate pest issues at the Museum of the Rockies. Secondary Priority 1: IPM Support for Pest Diagnostic Facilities Objective 1. Educate clients of the diagnostic laboratory on IPM-based pest management options (100%): 2967 samples were processed through the Schutter Diagnostic Lab. A full report is on our website at http://diagnostics.montana.edu/. There were three First Reports in Montana of Gulfcoast tick, Banded ash borer and Small hive beetle. 35,000 individuals were impacted by outreach events. 190 samples were received through the Plant Sample Submission App. Survey participants managed over 3 million acres. There were 2,596 users of the Schutter Diagnostic Webpage with 7,189 pageviews. Objective 2. Extend information on diagnostics services with a focus on local food producers (75%): The Montana State University Extension IPM Program will survey local food growers to establish key IPM educational and research needs. Objective 3. Provide rapid diagnostic tools to county extension office (100%): In May of 2018, five extension agents from Ravalli, Pondera, Gallatin, Dawson and Yellowstone counties received diagnostic kits for Phytophthora spp., Erwinia amylovora, and Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). All agents reported that the kits were easy to use. Rapid results made it easy for the provision of management recommendations to clients. Secondary Priority 2: IPM Education for Pesticide Applicators Objective 1. Pest management tour for pesticide applicators (100%): The 2018 Pest management Tour was held in six locations in the western part of the state in October. There were 160 participants.After attending this event, 96% of those surveyed planned on identifying pests. Objective 2. Update personal protective equipment kits for hands-on training of pesticide applicators (100%): Kits were updated in FY17-18; kit distribution completed FY 18-19 Objective 3. Interactive training on herbicide carryover and injury (80%): Plant samples assessed for non-target herbicide injury increased 90% from 2013 to 2018. Conducted 13 presentations and workshops reaching over 500 participants. 92% of those surveyed reported that the information presented would help them make better management decisions. Objective 4. Delivery of integrated pest management information to pesticide applicators. (100%): The The Pest Management Bulletin averages around 550 views per edition (2/y).

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Robertson, H., Waterhouse, R., Walden, K., Ruzzante, L., Reijnders, M., Coates, B., Legai, F., Gress, J., Biyiklioglu, S., Weaver, D., Wanner, K., Budak, H. (2018). Genome sequence of the wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus, representing an early-branching lineage of the Hymenoptera, illuminates evolution of hymenopteran chemoreceptors. Genome Biology and Evolution, 10(11), 2997-3011.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Davis, S., Mangold, J., Menalled, F., Orloff, L. N., Miller, Z., Lehnhoff, E. (2018). A meta-analysis of Convolvulus arvensis (field bindweed) management in annual and perennial systems. Weed Science, 66(4), 540-547.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Davis, S., Mangold, J., Menalled, F., Orloff, L. N., Miller, Z., Lehnhoff, E. (2018). A meta-analysis of Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) management. Weed Science, 66(4), 548-557.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Mangold, J., Fuller, K. B., Davis, S. C., Rinella, M. J. (2018). The economic cost of noxious weeds on Montana grazing lands. Invasive Plant Science and Management, 11, 96-101
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Menalled, U. D., Davis, S. A., Mangold, J. (2018). Running off the road: roadside non-native plants invading mountain vegetation. Invasive Plant Science and Management, 11, 101-106.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2018 Citation: Ehlert, K., Thorton, A., Mangold, J., Menalled, F., Miller, Z. (in press). Temperature effects on three Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass, downy brome) populations inoculated with the fungal pathogen Pyrenophora semeniperda. Invasive Plant Science and Management.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2019 Citation: Ehlert, K., Mangold, J., Menalled, F., Miller, Z., Dyer, A. (in press). Seeding, herbicide, and fungicide impact on perennial grass establishment in cheatgrass infested habitats. Ecological Restoration.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: McDougall, K. L., Lembrechts, J., Rew, L., Haider, S., Cavieres, L. A., Kueffer, C., Milbau, A., Naylor, B. J., Nu�ez, Martin A., Pauchard, A., Seipel, T., Speziale, K. L., Wright, G. T., Alexander, J. M. (2018). Running off the road: roadside non-native plants invading mountain vegetation. Biological Invasions, 20(12), 34613473. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-018-1787-z
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Adhikari, S., T. S., Menalled, F., Weaver, D. (2018). Farming system and wheat cultivar affect infestation of, and parasitism on, Cephus cinctus in the Northern Great Plains. Pest Management Science, 74(11), 2480-2487. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ps.4925
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Haider, S., Kueffer, C., Bruelheide, H., Seipel, T. F., Alexander, J., Arevalo, J., Cavieres, L., McDougall, K., Milbau, A., Naylor, B., Rew, L., Speziale, K., Pauchard, A. (2018). Mountain roads and non-native species modify elevational patterns of plant diversity. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 27(6), 667-678. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.12727
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Submitted Year Published: 2018 Citation: Ishaq, S., Seipel, T. F., Yeoman, C., Menalled, F. Rhizosphere bacterial communities of wheat vary across the growing season and among dryland farming systems.
  • Type: Books Status: Submitted Year Published: 2018 Citation: Smith, D., Wise, K., Freije, a., Sisson, A., Friskop, A., Tenuta, A., Byamukama, E., Marshall, J., Burrows, M., Mueller, D. A Farmers Guide to Wheat Diseases. APS Press.
  • Type: Books Status: Other Year Published: 2018 Citation: Burrows, M., Chen, W., Harveson, R., Pasche, J., Porter, L. Compendium of Pea Diseases and Pests. APS Press.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: McKenzie, S., Parkinson, H. h., Mangold, J., Burrows, M., Ahmed, S., Menalled, F. Perceptions, experiences, and priorities supporting agro-ecosystem management decisions differ among agricultural producers, consultants, and researchers. Sustainability.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Friskop, A., Shashi, Y., Gudmestad, N. C., Fuller, K. B., Burrows, M. Low Benefits from Fungicide Use on Hard Red Wheat in Low-Disease Environments. Plant Health Progress, 19(4), 288-294.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Submitted Year Published: 2018 Citation: Owati, A., Agindotan, B., Burrows, M. First Microsatellite Markers Developed and Applied for the Genetic Diversity Study and Population Structure of Didymella pisi Associated with Ascochyta Blight of Dry peas in Montana. Fungal Biology.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2018 Citation: Agindotan, B., Finoglio, J., Najib, M., McPhee, K. E., Burrows, M. (in press). First report of Bean leafroll virus in chickpea, lentil, and dry pea in Montana. Plant Disease
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Owati, A., Agindotan, B., Burrows, M. (2018). Owati, A, B. Agindotan, M. Burrows. 2018. Characterization of fungi species associated with Ascochyta blight of field peas in Montana. Poster 317-P. July 29-Aug 3, 2018. Boston, MA.. Plant Disease.


Progress 09/01/17 to 08/31/18

Outputs
Target Audience:Citizens of Montana, Master Gardeners, pesticide applicators, crop consultants, county agents, extension specialists, real estate agents, farmers, students, homewowners, landscape professionals Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Graduate student Uta Stuhr presented her work on management of Wheat streak mosaic virus at the Northern Agricultural Research Center field day in 2017 and at a grower winter educational meeting in Havre, MT. Post-doctoral research associate Josephine Mgbechi-Ezuri presented an introduction to pulse crop diseases in Havre, MT in Jan 2018. Post-doctoral research associate Tim Seipel presented data on Wheat streak mosaic virus at the Post Farm field day in Bozeman, MT in 2017. In the remainder of Y1 and Y2, graduate students Ayodeji Owati, Uta Stuhr, Carmen Murphy will participate in field days and IPM related presentations including the hands-on agricultural entomology workshop in July 2018. Graduate student Chance Noffsinger will be performing a one-month internship in the Schutter Diagnostic Laboratory. Tim Seipel will be assuming the extension and IPM project duties of Fabian Menalled. Rapid plant disease diagnostic kits were provided to five agents (Patrick Mangan- Ravalli County, Josh Bilbao-Gallatin, Adriane Good-Pondera, Callie Cooley-Yellowstone and Bruce Smith- Dawson County) in counties representing all regions of the state. Agents will use kits from May of 2018 until September of 2018. They will record the date used, host, test results, client type and whether or not the test was easy to use. A 1.5 day stakeholder advisory committee and planning retreat was held in November 2017. Most IPM PIs and staff attended a half day Myers-Briggs communication exercise in October 2017. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The Montana State University IPM Program has created a communication network that allows Montanans to find the resources they require in a style that best suits their needs. Outreach to farmers, green industry professionals and homeowners can be challenging due to distance, access to technology and scarcity of specialists. By not relying on traditional methods of outreach, the IPM Group has been able to reach tens of thousands of stakeholders across the state. We reach participants in many ways including in-person presentations (over 5000 participants per year), via media including press releases, text, radio, television, and print media, farmers markets, calendars, Twitter and Facebook. In a large state with a relatively small population and relatively few specialists in the IPM arena, we work closely with our stakeholders to identify and prioritize topics for education, the best way to deliver that education and measure impacts of our work. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Summary: The Montana State University IPM Program has created a communication network that allows Montanans to find the resources they require in a style that best suits their needs. By not relying on traditional methods of outreach, the IPM Group has been able to reach tens of thousands of stakeholders across the state including in-person presentations (>5000 participants/year), press releases, text, radio, television, and print media, farmers markets, calendars, Twitter and Facebook. In a large state with a relatively small population and relatively few specialists, we work closely with our stakeholders to identify and prioritize topics for education, the best way to deliver that education and measure impacts of our work. The cornerstone of the IPM program is the Schutter Diagnostic Lab housed at Montana State University in Bozeman, Montana. An average of two thousand samples are submitted annually to the Schutter Diagnostic Lab with an average of $2 mil in economic impact. We started accepting samples via a smartphone app in 2018 that has been very well received. Diagnostic samples allow us to predict trends in pests, collect samples for research in Montana and other states, and provide first detections for invasive pests. We are increasing our engagement with the local foods movement in urban areas, a growing business with a high need for accurate pest identification and a low threshold for crop damage. The annual Pest Management Tour visited ten locations in 2017 with 260 participants. The pesticide education program reaches approximately 5,500 private applicators. The Master Gardener Program has trained 2,000 people over the past 4.5 years. Each master gardener donates 20 to 40 hours a year to community service. Agricultural and Urban Alerts are distributed via email, text, and fax. These time sensitive alerts focus on issues in the agricultural and urban landscapes. Thirty eight alerts have been distributed to 1469 email, 144 text and 13 fax subscribers since September of 2017. The MSU Pestweb Project monitors orange wheat blossom midge which attacks spring wheat. The project serves as an early warning system to help producers track midge adult emergence and distribution. Five MSU research stations distribute and monitor pheromone traps, 30 MSU Extension agents dispense traps to farmers & consultants and 57 volunteer cooperators monitor 200 fields in 51 counties. Farmers, consultants, green industry personnel and homeowners have access to resources that would be scarce if not provided by the IPM Program. We collaborate regionally with Idaho, Utah, and Nevada as well as our Western Region IPM Center and relevant committees regionally, nationally, and internationally (Canada). The funding that the MSU IPM program receives is a benefit to the state of Montana and all the communities that make up the Big Sky Country. Primary Priority 1. Agriculture: A total of 13 counties in Montana reported the presence of the orange wheat blossom midge in 2017. Wheat midge distribution appears to be concentrated in the northern tier of counties. The website had 378 users. The 2018 IPM Entomology Workshop will be held in June of 2018. From September of 2017 until May of 2018, 23 Ag Alerts were posted to 1026 email, 98 text, and 13 fax subscribers. Primary Priority 2. Communities: The Urban IPM certification program developed a new website, online courses, and a wide variety of trainings. There are 652 active master gardeners in the state. An online survey had 444 respondents. 428 participants indicated the average level of understanding of IPM was increased, 98% of respondents are "somewhat likely" to "very likely" to use something they learned from the program. In July of 2018 the Horticulture In-Service will be held in Missoula, Montana in cooperation with Idaho. This two-day workshop will focus on the urban landscape with an emphasis on small urban gardening. MSU included several updates for the latest version of the Intermountain Tree Fruit Guide for 2018 with Utah. One hundred and thirty five individuals participated in the Learn at Lunch Webinar "A History and Future of White Pine Blister Rust in North America." "Bedbugs and pesticides in the home (MT199406AG)" was revised. Secondary Priority 1: IPM Support for Pest Diagnostic Facilities: 481 diagnoses were made from September 1, 2017 until May 1, 2018 to the Schutter Diagnostic Lab. First reports of First report for the elm seed bug from Ravalli County, damage on a crop (cabbage) by the invasive root weevil in Gallatin County, Fusarium root rot on chia and quinoa from Hill County and Phoma on quinoa from Toole county. Several elk died after eating an ornamental shrub, ornamental yew. In 2017 we confirmed tumble windmillgrass for the first time in our state. In 2017 we identified a suspected sample of common reed, a priority 1A plant on Montana's noxious weed list. Chickpeas were primarily submitted for submission of Ascochyta blight, but herbicide injury, drought and root rot were another primary cause for submission. An AgAlert on 6 July significantly reduced submissions of chickpea, a key indicator of the value of this service in helping clients identify crop problems without submitting a sample. The SDL received a high number of apple and crabapple tree samples with fire blight and bacterial blight as the dominant diseases. Lilac shrubs and trees predominantly showed symptoms of bacterial blight. Seven samples were submitted over concern of the potential wood-boring invasive, the Emerald ash borer (no Emerald ash borers were detected). Six bed bug cases were diagnosed, confirming the need for further outreach and prevention for this insect across the state. Leaf-cutting bees were common around windows and homes. Eriophyid mites were diagnosed and causing injury to several woody ornamentals throughout the summer. In June of 2018, a video is being created for sample submission to the Schutter Diagnostic Lab. In 2018, we have started accepting digital images for submission through a smartphone app. This effort was featured in the NIFA 'Fresh From the Field on 17 May, 2018. A one-page resource was created in the Fall of 2017 that lists contact information for MSU specialists. This was distributed at MSU Extension field days that were focused on local foods in the Fall of 2017. In May of 2018, five extension agents from Ravalli, Pondera, Gallatin, Dawson and Yellowstone counties were supplied with plant disease diagnostic kits for the diagnosis of Phytophthora spp., Erwinia amylovora, and Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Secondary Priority 2: IPM Education for Pesticide Applicators: The Montana State University (MSU) Pesticide Education Program offered the Pest Management Tour for pesticide applicators across southcentral Montana. The tour covered 10 locations in 5 days with 260 attendees. Tour locations were accessible for the Crow and Northern Cheyenne Reservations. During the Fall Pest Management Tour, topics included "Understanding how Herbicides Work" and "Diagnosing Herbicide Injury." Participants worked through stations where plants were exhibiting various types of herbicide injury. Preventing Herbicide Collateral Damage was the topic of a presentation at the Association of Montana Turf, Ornamental, and Pest Professionals in January of 2017. There were 60 participants. The Montana private applicator program consists of 5,500 private applicators. The MSU Pesticide Education Specialist provided presentations over 7 core subject areas to 1,803 applicators at 56 pesticide education programs in 2017. In the fall of 2017, 376 participated in workshops by Dr. Tharp. The MSU Pesticide Education website had 13,552 users from September 1, 2017 until May 9, 2018. There were 16,751 sessions during this time frame. The Montana IPM Bulletin was distributed via 300 hard copies and 218 page views online.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Submitted Year Published: 2018 Citation: Mangold, J., Fuller, K. B., Davis, S. C., Rinella, M. J. The economic cost of noxious weeds on Montana grazing lands. Invasive Plant Science and Management.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Submitted Year Published: 2018 Citation: Menalled, U. D., Davis, S. A., Mangold, J. Effect of herbicides on hoary alyssum (Berteroa incana) seed biology and control. Invasive Plant Science and Management.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Ranabhat, N., Seipel, T. F., Lehnhoff, E., Miller, Z., Menalled, F., Burrows, M. Weather and alternative hosts surrounding wheat influences wheat curl mite (Aceria tosichella Keifer) infestation and wheat streak mosaic virus infection during autumn in Montana, USA. Plant Disease(In First Look).
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: The Intermountain Commercial Tree Fruit Production Guide. MSU included several updates for the latest version including Montana-specific information on irrigation, pesticide information, organic certification, diseases, insects, special programs, and IPM methods http://intermountainfruit.org/IntermountainTFG-2018.pdf
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Orloff, L. N., Mangold, J., Miller, Z., Menalled, F. (in press). A meta-analysis of field bindweed (Convvolvulus arvensis L.) and Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense L.) management in organic agricultural systems. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Davis, S., Mangold, J. (2017). Common buckthorn. Bozeman: Montana State University Extension. http://msuextension.org/publications/AgandNaturalResources/mt201708AG.pdf
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Orloff, L. N., Mangold, J. (2018). Medusahead (MT201804AG ed., pp. 2). Bozeman, MT: MSU Extension. https://store.msuextension.org/Products/Medusahead__MT201802AG.aspx
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Submitted Year Published: 2018 Citation: Davis, S., Mangold, J., Menalled, F., Orloff, L. N., Miller, Z., Lehnhoff, E. A meta-analysis of Convolvulus arvensis (field bindweed) management in annual and perennial systems. Weed Science.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Mangold, J., Sheley, R. (2017). Perennial pepperweed (pp. 4). Bozeman, MT: Montana State University Extension. http://msuextension.org/publications/AgandNaturalResources/mt199906AG.pdf
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Grubb, R., Sheley, R., Carlstrom, R., Mangold, J., Lehnhoff, E. (2017). Saltcedar (Tamarisk) (pp. 3). Bozeman, MT: Montana State University Extension. http://msuextension.org/publications/AgandNaturalResources/MT199710AG.pdf
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Fuller, K. B., Mangold, J. (2017). The Costs of Noxious Weeds: What You Can Do About Them. Big Sky Small Acres. http://msuextension.org/magazine/articles/2357
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Menalled, F., Mangold, J., Orloff, L. N., Davis, E. (2017). Cheatgrass (pp. 4). Bozeman, MT: Montana State University Extension. http://msuextension.org/publications/AgandNaturalResources/MT200811AG.pdf
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Rinella, M., Sheley, R., Mangold, J., Kittle, R. (2017). Orange hawkweed and meadow hawkweed complex (pp. 4). Bozeman, MT: Montana State University Extension. http://msuextension.org/publications/AgandNaturalResources/mt199816AG.pdf
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Mangold, J., Lansverk, A. (2017). Western salsify. Bozeman, MT: Montana State University Extension. http://msuextension.org/publications/AgandNaturalResources/MT201113AG.pdf
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2017 Citation: Agindotan, Bright (Author), Peluola, Cecilia (Author & Presenter), Burrows, Mary (Author), North American Pulse Improvement Association, "Assessment of The Efficacy of Seed Treatment Fungicides on Didymella lentis of Lentil", North American Pulse Improvement Association, University Of Michigan, East Lansing, MI. (November 2, 2017).
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: From September of 2017 until May of 2018. 14 urban alerts were posted to 308 subscribers. 24 Ag Alerts were posted to 1026 email, 98 text, and 13 fax subscribers. See final report for titles.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: The Montana IPM Bulletin - Fall 2017 had 218-page views of in 2017. The Montana IPM Bulletin presents critical pest management & pesticide education articles for Montana homeowners, pesticide applicators, farmers and ranchers. These articles are designed to deliver timely updates from an unbiased perspective that are specific to Montana. http://www.pesticides.montana.edu/documents/mt-pesticide-bulletins/2017_Fall_IPM.pdf
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: The Montana IPM Bulletin - Spring www.pesticides.montana.edu/documents/mt-pesticide-bulletins/2018_Spring_IPM.pdf The Montana IPM Bulletin presents critical pest management & pesticide education articles for Montana homeowners, pesticide applicators, farmers and ranchers. These articles are designed to deliver timely updates from an unbiased perspective that are specific to Montana.
  • Type: Book Chapters Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Maxwell, B., Weed, B., Ippolito, L., Bekkerman, A., Boone, M., Mills-Novoa, M., Weaver, D., Burrows, M., Burkle, L. (2017). Agriculture and climate change in Montana. In Whitlock C, Cross W, Maxwell B, Silverman N, Wade AA. (Ed.), 2017 Montana Climate Assessment: Stakeholder driven, science informed (pp. 196-244). Montana Climate Assessment. http://montanaclimate.org/chapter/agriculture
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2017 Citation: Orloff, L. N., Mangold, J., Miller, Z., Menalled, F. (in press). A meta-analysis of field bindweed (Convvolvulus arvensis L.) and Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense L.) management in organic agricultural systems. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2018 Citation: Davis, S., Mangold, J., Menalled, F., Orloff, L. N., Miller, Z., Lehnhoff, E. (in press). A meta-analysis of Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) management. Weed Science.