Source: OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY submitted to NRP
TOMATO VARIETIES WITH IMPROVED PRODUCTIVITY, DISEASE RESISTANCE, AND NUTRITIONAL QUALITY
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
HATCH
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1013882
Grant No.
(N/A)
Cumulative Award Amt.
(N/A)
Proposal No.
(N/A)
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Oct 1, 2017
Project End Date
Sep 30, 2022
Grant Year
(N/A)
Program Code
[(N/A)]- (N/A)
Recipient Organization
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY
1680 MADISON AVENUE
WOOSTER,OH 44691
Performing Department
Horticulture and Crop Science
Non Technical Summary
Situation. Producing vegetable crops under the humid growing conditions in the Midwestern and the Great Lakes region of the United States is risky due to weather conditions that may include draught, flooding, or a combination of the two in a single season. In addition the profile of plant diseases is distinct from other regions of the U.S., with foliar pathogens specifically problematic. Because these stresses have occurred during a time of high prices for commodity grains, growers are abandoning the once high value vegetable crops. Vegetable production and especially processed vegetable production add diversity to agriculture, and provides consumers access to nutritious products that may have health functions beyond meeting nutrient needs. A viable specialty crop processing industry helps ensure sustainability of the whole production system. Vegetable crops help extend rotations, provide high value alternatives to commodity grains, and provide consumers with important health and nutritional benefits. There is an economic amplification effect created through value-added processing of tomatoes into soups, sauces, whole-peel and diced products. Thus jobs and economic diversity are contributed to rural economies through vegetable production. Purpose. Plant varieties with resistance to weather related stress and resistance to disease offer a potential solution as they provide a sustainable approach to counter the inherent risk of crop production. This project will support the development of breeding populations for an important vegetable crop; the evaluation of those populations for quality traits important to processors and consumers; the description of the genetic basis of disease resistance; identification of bioactive plant metabolites with nutritional and health benefits; and strategies to integrate information on trait performance, data on genetic variation, and selection strategies. This integration step has the potential to help make traditional plant breeding more efficient in terms of gain under selection and gain per unit time. Demonstrating the utility of such strategies will increase the relevance of this project beyond the regional industry targeted.Outcomes. This project aims to develop tomato varieties for humid growing conditions encountered in much of the Midwest, Great Lakes, and Atlantic Coast region of the United States. Inbred tomato lines for use as varieties and parents, hybrid varieties, and germ plasm with novel resistance or quality traits will be developed and released to the seed industry. Breeding techniques will be developed, refined, and compared to make better use of basic research emerging from the sequencing of crop genomes. Genetic information revealing the architecture, structural genes, and regulation of productivity, resistance, and quality will be shared.
Animal Health Component
40%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
25%
Applied
40%
Developmental
35%
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
2011460108115%
2021460108025%
2121460108115%
2121460108015%
7011460108115%
7011460108015%
Knowledge Area
212 - Pathogens and Nematodes Affecting Plants; 202 - Plant Genetic Resources; 201 - Plant Genome, Genetics, and Genetic Mechanisms; 701 - Nutrient Composition of Food;

Subject Of Investigation
1460 - Tomato;

Field Of Science
1081 - Breeding; 1080 - Genetics;
Goals / Objectives
This project aims to support tomato improvement efforts for the Great Lakes region processing tomato industry. Expected outcomes include improved plant breeding methodology, genetic information, and plant germplasm including new varieties. Tomatoes are the second most utilized vegetable in the United States, with 59% percent of consumption in the form of canned products. Tomatoes are acknowledged to be a good source of carotenoids, flavonoids, and vitamin C. Consumption of tomatoes is also correlated with a reduction of disease. As a model plant species for basic research and a popular vegetable, tomato is a desirable candidate for improving fruit quality for both nutritional and health outcomes. Processing tomatoes are produced on approx. 17,000 Acres in Ohio, Indiana and Michigan, with a farm gate value of over $50 million. Additional acreage in Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Maryland benefit from the project. In addition, processing adds value to the crop, estimated to be an eight-fold increase in economic worth. The tomatoes are processed in regional canneries in Ohio, Indiana and Pennsylvania that provide hundreds of jobs in rural communities. These jobs are at risk if productivity and profits to tomato growers cannot be improved in the face of losses due to severe weather and plant disease (endemic and emerging). The long-term objective of this project is to improve the resiliency of the crop to benefit growers and the nutritional and health benefits of the fruit to benefit consumers. Specific objectives include:Objective 1. Create segregating populations and inbred lines of tomato and collect standardized trait data for productivity, disease resistance, and fruit quality across agriculturally relevant environments.Objective 2. Collect extensive genetic information relative to sequence variation in populations created under objective 1.Objective 3. Develop and compare selection strategies that integrate knowledge of sequence variation and genome structure with traditional breeding methods to improve traits.Objective 4. Develop knowledge of the structural and regulatory genes contributing to variation in bioactive compounds and use this information to develop plant genetic resources to test hypothesis about plant secondary metabolites contributing to human nutrition and health. Use information gained to improve the quality of tomatoes.Objective 5. Accelerate efforts to develop tomato breeding lines with improved resistance to fungal, bacterial, viral, and oomycete pathogens.Objective 6. Investigate the potential for grafting and new rootstocks to improve productivity, disease resistance, and quality.
Project Methods
Segregating populations will be created through pollination in the greenhouse with parents chosen to combine desired traits. Inbred lines will be created through collection of seed following self-pollination. Population advancement will be accelerated through alternate use of field and greenhouse such that two to three generations of self-pollination will be accomplished each year.Standardized phenotypic data will be collected across multiple environments. Field experiments will be conducted at University farms in Wooster and Fremont, OH and on-farm using grower/processor managed trials in OH, IN and PA. Experiments will follow randomized complete block or augmented designs as appropriate for the trial location. Data will be collected as detailed in the plant breeding cooperator's guide developed for tomato through the National Institute of Food and Agriculture funded "Solanaceae Coordinated Agricultural Project" (SolCAP).Genetic information relative to sequence variation in populations will be collected using high-throughput genotyping platforms and genotyping by sequencing. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) developed through the SolCAP project will provide the basis for most genotyping. As sequencing costs drop, "genotyping by sequencing" strategies will be explored to collect high density genetic information.Breeding lines with improved resistance to bacterial spot and bacterial canker will be developed using through traditional field selection (phenotype) with marker-assisted selection (genotype) using the SNPs described above. Statistical analysis to test for SNP-trait associations will be implemented, and significant associations will be interpreted as evidence for linkage. Subsequent generations or populations will be used to validate linkage.Developing strategies for selection based on trait data and genotype data will require experimentation with new statistical approaches and the development of selection indices. Marker-assisted selection (MAS) based on SNPs that are statistically associated with traits will be compared to "genomic selection" (GS) approaches in which the effects of all markers are estimated using a random effect framework. Comparisons between approaches will be made based on post-hoc analysis of experimental data on comparative experiments. The effective use of either approach will require that data for multiple traits be integrated. Exploring methods used for insurance valuation and/or actuarial science may be particularly important when incorporating traits that are not yet directly monetized in the market.Project efforts are designed to increase resistance to bacterial pathogens, provide case studies for the effective integration of plant breeding with emerging sequence data, and optimize strategies for breeding horticultural crops. Expected outputs include new germplasm and case studies shared through peer-reviewed publication. Outcomes will be evaluated based on technology transfer, which can be directly traced through executed material transfer agreements, licensing agreements, and market adoption. Published outputs will be evaluated based on frequency of access and citations.

Progress 10/01/19 to 09/30/20

Outputs
Target Audience:Tomato growers (both conventional and organic farmers), food processors, and professional plant breeders and allied professionals. Changes/Problems:Social distancing and transportation guidelines related to the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted greenhouse experiments, and in once case prevented data collection and harvest. Field trials were scaled back, and data collection limited to essential research that could be justified under a food security exemption. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Four graduate students are being trained in the context of this project (though they are not directly supported by the project). One undergraduate worked with the project in 2020. Students have participated in national and international meetings including the Solanaceae On Line Meeting 2020. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?In this period, we have published work on pathogen resistance and nutritional/health quality in peer-reviewed journal articles. In addition, we have used presentations at conferences and workshops to disseminate information. 2020 conferences include the on-line Cortiva Plant Science Symposium, Tomato Disease Workshop, and Solanaceae On-line International meeting, and the National Association of Plant Breeders on-line meeting. In person events included the Plant and Animal Genome meeting. These venues reached both tomato crop-specific audience in the U.S. and beyond and general audiences consisting of plant breeders and genome scientists. These venues met demand from our target audience: professional plant breeders and allied professionals. Growers and Processors were reached through two presentations at the Indiana Horticulture Congress. Target audience: growers and processors. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?The plan put in place remains valid. Additional resources to accomplish the work are available through SCRI and industry cooperative projects. The availability of these additional funds allowed progress on all goals despite signficiant disruption to field and greenhouse activiteis due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The need for social distancing increased workload and transportation costs while slowing data collection.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Under objective 1, Populations were advanced for resistance to Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm, bacterial canker), Xanthomonas species (bacterial spot), and (early blight). Bi-parental populations and complex multi-parent populations were advanced and evaluated for resistance to to Cmm and Xanthomonas species. In addition, yield and quality data were collected. Under objective 2, genomic data based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were collected using an amplification/sequencing approach pioneered by Agriplex Genomics and through genotyping by sequencing (GBS) approaches. These data were used to determine the genetic position (mapping) of loci affecting key traits and to develop genomic selection models. These selection models and SNP-trait linkages were employed under Objectives 3-5. Under objective 6 we identified and validated water deficit tolerant selections derived from S. galapagense LA11141. We tested the hypothesis that this tolerance can be used to improve cultivated tomato through breeding or grafting. We studied the genetic basis of water deficit tolerance in LA1141, selected germplasm with improved tolerance to deficit irrigation, and measured the ability of rootstocks to reduce plant stress under water deficit. Greenhouse studies were conducted to quantify the water stress response in 158 inbred backcross lines (IBLs) developed from the cross between accession LA1141 and OH8245. Water stress was measured by leaf temperature using infrared thermometer and imaging as well as wilt index. IBLs were genotyped with 152 single nucleotide polymorphism markers (objective 5) and analyzed using composite interval mapping to reveal genetic loci associated with maximum temperature, maximum wilt, and area under temperature and wilt progression curves. Few major QTL were identified, both LA1141 and OH8245 contributed positive alleles, but effect sizes were small. A reproducible quantitative trait locus was detected on chromosome 5 for maximum wilt (LOD=3.5), explained 5% of the phenotypic variation, and reduced wilt by 8% compared to controls. Experiments were conducted to determine if water deficit tolerance could be transferred through grafting. Juan Flamme was used as the scion because of its susceptibility to water deficit. When used as a rootstock, the IBL selections SG18-197, SG18-223 and S. galapagense accession LA1141 appeared to slow scion wilting compared to un-grafted and self-grafted controls. Grafting onto stress tolerant rootstock offers an alternative to introgression breeding to deliver traits derived from wild germplasm.

Publications

  • Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Bernal, Eduardo. 2020. Characterization of Xanthomonas spp. causing bacterial spot and the de-velopment of disease resistant tomato lines (S. lycopersicum). Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University. Electronic Thesis or Dissertation. Ohio State University, 2020. https://etd.ohiolink.edu/
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Bernal, E, Liabeuf, D, Francis, DM. 2020. Evaluating quantitative trait locus resistance in tomato to multiple Xanthomonas spp. Plant Disease, 104(2):423-429.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Akpolat, H, Barineau, M, Jackson, KA, Akpolat, MK, Francis, DM, Chen, Y-J, Rodriguez-Saona, LE. 2020. High-Throughput Phenotyping Approach for Screening Major Carotenoids of Tomato by Handheld Raman Spectroscopy Using Chemometric Methods. Sensors, 20(13), 3723
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Cambiaso, V, Rodr�guez, GR, Francis, DM. 2020. Propagation Fidelity and Kinship of Tomato Varie-ties UC 82 and M82 Revealed by Analysis of Sequence Variation. Agronomy, 10, 538
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2020 Citation: Fenstemaker, Sean, Miller, J, Cooperstone, J, and Francis, D. 2020. Estimating parental contribu-tions to hybrid rootstocks in grafted tomato. II International Vegetable Grafting Symposium July 14-18, 2019 in Charlotte, NC USA. ACTA Horticulturae In press.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2021 Citation: Francis, DM, Bernal, E, Orchard, C Subode, Su. 2020. New approaches in the discovery and intro-gression of disease resistance genes from wild tomato. VI International Symposium on Tomato Dis-eases, May 9-13, Taichung, ACTA Horticulturae In press.


Progress 10/01/18 to 09/30/19

Outputs
Target Audience:Tomato growers (both conventional and organic farmers), food processors, and professional plant breeders and allied professionals. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Four graduate students are currently being trained in the context of this project (though they are not directly supported by the project). One undergraduate worked with the project in 2019. Students have participated in national and international meetings including the National Association of Plant Breeders, Plant Health 2019, International Society of Horticultural Sciences International Symposium on Vegetable Grafting, and the Tomato Breeders Roundtable. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?In this period, we have published work on pathogen resistance and nutritional/health quality in peer-reviewed journal articles. In addition, we have used presentations at conferences and workshops to disseminate information. 2019 conferences include the National Association of Plant Breeders, Plant Health 2019, International Society of Horticultural Sciences (ISHS) International Symposium on Vegetable Grafting, ISHS Tomato Disease Symposium, and the Tomato Breeders Roundtable. These venues reached both tomato crop-specific audience in the U.S. and beyond and general audiences consisting of plant breeders and genome scientists. These venues met demand from our target audience: professional plant breeders and allied professionals. Grower/processors were reached during a presentation through a variety evaluation cutting at the Mid-America Food Processors Association annual meeting in Columbus, OH (March 2019). Target audience: growers and processors. Additional information is communicated through the Plant Breeding and Genomics Community of Practice on eXtension.org. Target audience: graduate students and practicing professionals. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?The plan put in place remains valid. Additional resources to accomplish the work are available through two SCRI projects.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Under objective 1, Populations were advanced using Solanum galapagense accession LA1411as a donor of unique fruit pigmentation, trichomes, secondary metabolites that deter insects, and drought resistance. Another introgression population based on the S. lycopersicum var cerasiformae accession LA2213 was advanced for traits related to human health, nutrition, and perception of flavor. Standardized data were collected for whole plant drought response, unique fruit pigmentation patterns, and fruit chemical constituents. Bi-parental populations and complex multi-parent populations were advanced and evaluated for resistance to to Clavibacter michiganensis and Xanthomonas species. In addition, yield and quality data were collected. Four populations, the LA1411 donor, the LA2213 donor population, Bi-parental and complex multi-parent populations were genotyped under 'objective 2' using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) detected from an amplicon-based sequencing approach. Under objectives 3-5, we are identifying marker-trait associations, candidate genes, and selection strategies based on trait data and Genomic Estimated Breeding Values calculated from SNP data (objective 4). Selections are being advanced under objective 5. The introgression of new traits from wild tomato relatives using traditional and marker assisted breeding is proven for tomato, but time consuming and costly. The process of introducing new traits from wild relatives is often referred to as introgression. We are interested in testing whether accessing root traits through grafting may be a time and cost-effective strategy relative to introgression. Grafting onto stress tolerant rootstock offers a potential alternative to deliver traits derived from wild germplasm to growers. Under objective 6 we identified drought tolerant selections derived from S. galapagense LA11141 which will be tested as rootstocks (RS). Further we tested the ability of both experimental and commercial rootstock to improve the yield and quality of processing tomato varieties. We observed variable results in a trial involving 14 unique experimental RS and 4 commercial control RS. For some specific scions we observed yield increases, but for others grafting did not improve production. This test was a high-risk experiment with a potential high-return. The availability of RS containing resistance to biotic and abiotic stress could help growers control disease and mitigate environmental stress in their fields, which will ultimately increase yields and improve fruit quality. Currently, the cost of RS seed and costs associated with grafting are prohibitive in commercial processing tomato production. Specific outputs are described elsewhere in this report.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Zhong, S, Vendrell-Pacheco, M, Heskitt, B, Chitchumroonchokchai, C, Failla, M, Sastry, SK, Fran-cis, DM, Martin-Belloso, O, Elez-Mart�nez, P, Kopec, R. 2019. Novel Processing Technologies as Compared to Thermal Treatment on the Bioaccessibility and Caco-2 Cell Uptake of Carote-noids from Tomato and Kale-based Juices. J. Agric. Food Chem. 67, 10185-10194
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2020 Citation: Bernal, E, Liabeuf, D, Francis, DM. 2019. Evaluating Quantitative Trait Locus Resistance in Tomato to Multiple Xanthomonas spp. Plant Disease (in press).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Francis, DM, Bernal, E, Orchard, C, Subode, S. 2019. New approaches in the discovery and in-trogression of disease resistance genes from wild tomato. IV ISHS Tomato Disease Symposium, National Chung Hsing University, Chinese Taipei (Taiwan), May 6-9, 2019
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: E Bernal, L Deblais, G Rajashekara, F Rotondo, SA Miller, DM Francis. 2019. Application of in vivo imaging system (IVIS) and labeled Xanthomonas strains to quantify bacterial colonization as a measure of disease resistance. Phytopathology 109 (10), 87-88
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Fenstemaker, S, Miller, J, Cooperstone, J, Francis, D. 2019. Using Wild Relatives as a Source of Traits Through Grafting: Genetic Distance, Heritability and Vigor, II International Symposium on Vegetable Grafting, Charlotte, NC (USA), July 14-18, 2019
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Niederheitmann, M, Nogueira de Souza, Longatto, DP, Quecine Verdi, MC, Piotto, FA, and Francis, DM. Machine learning-assisted image analysis to quantify foliar disease severity from tomato bacte-rial spot. 2019. University of Sao Paulo College of Agriculture Luiz de Queiroz, Department of Genetics, III International Meeting on Plant Breeding, Plant Sciences Symposia Series (sponsored by Corteva), October 1-3, 2019.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Francis, D. 2019. Discovery, introgression, and pyramiding of disease resistance in tomato. Tomato Breeders Roundtable and Tomato Disease Workshop, Clearwater Beach Florida, November 17 21, 2019
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Taylor Anderson, Francis, D, Mutschler-Chu, M. 2019. Genetic mapping and multi-environment characterization of early blight resistance facilitates genotypic selection in cultivated tomato. Tomato Breeders Roundtable and Tomato Disease Workshop, Clearwater Beach Florida, November 17 21, 2019
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Bernal, E, Deblais, L, Rajashekara, G, Rotondo, F, Miller, S, Francis, DM. 2019. In vivo imag-ing of labeled Xanthomonas strains permits quantification of pathogen growth and assessment of dis-ease resistance in tomato. Tomato Breeders Roundtable and Tomato Disease Workshop, Clearwater Beach Florida, November 17 21, 2019
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Fenstemaker, S, Francis, D. 2019. Identifying the genetic basis of fruit pigmentation inthe tomato wild relative Solanum galapagense accession LA1141.Tomato Breeders Roundtable and Tomato Dis-ease Workshop, Clearwater Beach Florida, November 17 21, 2019
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Subode, S, Francis, D. 2019. Mapping quantitative trait loci for bacterial canker resistance in tomato. Tomato Breeders Roundtable and Tomato Disease Workshop, Clearwater Beach Florida, November 17 21, 2019
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Fenstemaker, S, Francis, D. 2019. Using Solanum galapagense as a source of drought resistance through introgression breeding and grafting for tomato improvement. Tomato Breeders Roundtable and Tomato Disease Workshop, Clearwater Beach Florida, November 17 21, 2019
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Gill, U, Scott, JW, Shekasteband, R, Ogundiwin, E, Schuit, C, Francis, DM, Sim, S-C, Smith, H, Hut-ton, SF. 2019. Ty-6, a major begomovirus resistance gene on chromosome 10, is effective against Tomato yellow leaf curl virus and Tomato mottle virus. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 132:15431554
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Dzakovich, MP, Gas-Pascual, E, Orchard, CJ, Sari, EN, Riedl, KM, Schwartz, SJ, Francis, Cooper-stone, JL. 2019. Analysis of Tomato Carotenoids: Comparing Extraction and Chromatographic Methods. Journal of AOAC International 102(4):1069-1079
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Cambiaso, V, Pratta, GR, da Costa, JHP, Zorzoli, RX, Francis, DM, Rodr�guez, GR. 2019. Whole Ge-nome re-sequencing of two tomato genotypes for polymorphism insight in cloned genes and a genetic map construction. Scientia Horticulturae 247, 58-66


Progress 10/01/17 to 09/30/18

Outputs
Target Audience:Our target audience consists of tomato growers (both conventional and organic), food processors, and practicing plant breeders. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Three PhD students and one MS student are currently being trained in the context of this project (though they are not directly supported by the project). All four graduate students are from the U.S. One undergraduate worked with the project in 2018. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?In this period, we have published work on pest resistance and nutritional/health quality in peer-reviewed journal articles. In addition, we have used presentations at conferences and workshops to disseminate information. In 2018 we presented at the National Association of Plant Breeders, Tomato Breeders Roundtable. These venues reached both tomato crop-specific audience in the U.S. and beyond and general audiences consisting of plant breeders and genome scientists. These venues met demand from our target audience: professional plant breeders and allied professionals. Grower/processors were reached during a presentation through a variety evaluation cutting at the Mid-America Food Processors Association annual meeting in Columbus, OH (March 2017). Target audience: growers and processors. Additional information is communicated through the Plant Breeding and Genomics Community of Practice on eXtension.org. Target audience: graduate students and practicing professionals. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?The plan put in place remains valid. Additional resources to accomplish the work are available through two SCRI projects and a USDA National Needs Training Grant.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Under objective 1, populations were initiated to combine resistance to Clavibacter michiganensis and Xanthomonas species. This population is designed to address research goals outlined under objective 5. Populations were advanced using Solanum galapagense accession LA1411as a donor of unique pigmentation patterns that may improve fruit quality, trichomes and secondary metabolites that deter insects, and drought resistance. This population was developed as an inbred-backcross population using the Ohio inbred tomato OH 8245 as a recurrent parent. The population was genotyped under 'objective 2' using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) detected from an amplicon-based sequencing approach. Standardized data were collected for drought response and unique fruit pigmentation patterns under "objective 3". Finally, a large test-cross population involving elite x elite cross-pollinations was developed and evaluated. SNP data were derived from the Illumina "SolCAP Array" (objective 2). Yield and quality data were collected in a multi-location trial (objective 3). Genomic data for this this population was developed to compare and test selection models, including models based on Genomic Estimated Breeding Values calculated from DNA-based SNP data (objective 4). The introgression of new traits from wild tomato relatives using traditional and marker assisted breeding is proven for tomato, but time consuming and costly. The process of introducing new traits from wild relatives is often referred to as introgression. We are interested in testing whether accessing root traits through grafting may be a time and cost-effective strategy. Grafting onto stress tolerant rootstock offers a potential alternative to introgression to deliver traits derived from wild germplasm to growers. Under objective 6 we identified drought tolerant selections derived from S. galapagense LA11141 which will be tested as rootstocks (RS). Further we tested the ability of both experimental and commercial rootstock to improve the yield and quality of processing tomato varieties. We observed variable results in a trial involving 14 unique experimental RS and 4 commercial control RS. For some specific scions we observed yield increases, but for others grafting did not improve production. This test was a high-risk experiment with a potential high-return. The availability of RS containing resistance to biotic and abiotic stress could help growers control disease and mitigate environmental stress in their fields, which will ultimately increase yields and improve fruit quality. Currently, the cost of RS seed and costs associated with this strategy are prohibitive in commercial settings. Specific outputs are described elsewhere in this report.

Publications

  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Francis, David. 2018. La calle se llen� de tomates: Charla para productores. October 25, UNIVER-SIDAD NACIONAL DE CUYO - FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS AGRARIAS, Mendoza, Argentina.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Grainger, EM, Moran, NE, Francis, DM, Schwartz, SJ, Wan, L, Thomas-Ahner, J, Kopec, RE, Riedl, KM, Young, GS, Abaza, R, Bahnson, RR, and Clinton, SK. 2018. A Novel Tomato-Soy Juice Induces a Dose-Response In-crease in Urinary and Plasma Phytochemical Biomarkers in Men with Prostate Cancer. The Journal of Nutrition, nxy232, https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxy232 Published: 24 November 2018 also available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30476157
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Cooperstone, J.L., Novotny, J.A., Riedl, K.M., Cichon, M.J., Francis, D.M., Curley, R.W. Jr., Schwartz, S.J., and Harrison, E.H. 2018. Limited appearance of apocarotenoids is observed in plasma after consumption of tomato juices: a randomized human clinical trial. AM J Clin Nutr. 108(4):784-792.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Andrade, M.C., da Silva, A.A., Carvalho, R., Souza, A.M., Francis, D. M., Maluf, W. R. 2018. Quantitative trait loci associated with trichomes in the Solanum galapagense accession LA1401. Genet Resour Crop Evol. First Online: 03 May 2018. Online ISSN 1573-5109. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-018-0644-3
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Dzakovich, M.P., Cooperstone, J.L., Riedl, K.M., Schwartz, S.J., Francis, D.M. 2018. Pur�e to Peaks in 15 Minutes: A Rapid Carotenoid Extraction and UHPLC-PDA Analysis Workflow for Tomato Breeding. Plant Sciences Symposium. April 6-7, 2018. Wooster, OH.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Dzakovich, M.P., Cooperstone, J.L., Riedl, K.M., Schwartz, S.J., Francis, D.M. 2018. Pur�e to Peaks in 15 Minutes: A Rapid Carotenoid Extraction and UHPLC-PDA Analysis Workflow for Tomato Breeding. OVIFT Symposium. March 27th, 2018. Columbus, OH.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Dzakovich, M.P., Francis, D.M., Cooperstone J.L. 2018. From Bitter to Better: Exploring Natural Variation in Potentially Bioactive Tomato Glycoalkaloids. International Society of Horticultural Science Symposium on Processing Tomatoes. June 11-15, 2018. Athens, Greece.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Dzakovich, M.P., Moran, N.E., Powell, R., Thomas-Ahner, J.M., Clinton, S.K., Francis, D.M., Cooperstone, J.L. 2018. Hepatic Carotenoids and Apocarotenoids Differ in Response to Red or Tangerine Tomato Consumption. Gordon Research Conference  Carotenoids. June 17-22, 2018. Newry, ME.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Cooperstone J.L., Dzakovich M.P., Novotny J.A., Clinton S.K., Thomas-Ahner J.M., Curley Jr. R.W., Schwartz S.J., Francis D.M., Harrison E.H. 2018. Insights on carotenoids, ?-apocarotenoids and apolycopenoids in human plasma and mouse liver after tomato consump-tion. Gordon Research Conference  Carotenoids, June 17-22, 2018, Newry, ME.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Teegarden M.D., Dzakovich M.P., Francis D.M., Peterson D.G., Cooperstone J.L.* 2018. Using metabolomics to better understand secondary plant metabolites and their health bene-fits. International Horticulture Congress (IHC), VII International Symposium on Human Health Effects of Fruits and Vegetables, FAVHEALTH2018, August 12-16, 2018, Istanbul, Turkey
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Dzakovich M.P.,Caleb J. Orchard, Elisabet Gas-Pascual, Eka N. Sari, Ken. M. Riedl, Robert W. Curley Jr., Earl H. Harrison, David M. Francis, Jessica L. Cooperstone. 2018. Picking up the pie-ces: carotenoid cleavage products differ in tomatoes as a function of carotenoid biosynthesis. HCS Research Symposium. October 11-12, 2018. Wooster, OH
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Sean Fenstemaker, Nancy Huarachi-Morejon, Mohammed Masud, Matt Kleinhenz, Stephanie Wedrykand David Francis, Frank Louws. 2018. Genetics of Tomato Rootstock Breeding: genetic distance, heritability, vigor, resistance and selection strategy. Tomato Breeders Round Table March, 2018, Wooster, OH. Available at: http://tgc.ifas.ufl.edu/2013/2018%20Presentations.htm (presentations page TBRT) http://tgc.ifas.ufl.edu/TBRTMeetings.htm (booklet page TBRT)
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Francis, David. 2018. Genomic selection to improve yield, quality and resistance in processing tomato. The 15th Solanaceae Conference. Sept 30th - Oct 4th, 2018, Chiang Mai, Thailand
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Sean Fenstemaker, Marcela Carvalho Andrade, Regis de Castro Carvalho, Wilson Roberto Maluf, David Francis Using Solanum galapagense as a source of drought resistance through introgression breeding and grafting for tomato improvement Department of Horticulture and Crop Science Graduate Research Symposium, The Ohio State University October 11-12, 2018. Wooster, OH.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Orchard, C., van Leeuwen, K., Francis, D.M. 2018. Pre-breeding to combine resistances to multi-ple foliar diseases in fresh-market tomato. The Ohio State University 12th Annual Horticulture and Crop Science Graduate Research Symposium, October 11-12, 2018. Wooster, OH.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Francis, David. 2018. La necesidad para un projecto pangenoma del tomate. II Taller de Actualizaci�n GEN�TICA Y MEJORAMIENTO DE TOMATE Organizado por el Grupo de Gen�tica y Mejoramiento de Tomate del Instituto de Inves-tigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario, IICAR - CONICET  Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Argentina.