Progress 09/01/17 to 08/31/22
Outputs
Target Audience:Target audiences include producers of the following commodities: peach, blackberries, row crops, horticultural crops including vegetables and ornamentals, commercial beekeepers and the general public. Target audiences also included landscape care professionals, arborists, municipal ground managers, Master Gardeners and home gardeners. Other training participants included Extension agents, crop consultants, agricultural industry representatives, and representatives from nonprofit agricultural organizations and students. Undergraduate and graduate students were involved in the project and gained experience in IPM. Efforts were made to engage under-served audiences in the training programs including limited resource farmers, minority farmers with small, diversified farming operations. Changes/Problems:A few generally minor changes in planned EIP project activities occurred during the reporting period of this grant as follows: 2017-2018. A qualified postdoctoral research associate was successfully identified and recruited to work on the Peanut IPM database project (Agronomic Crops). However, due to unforeseen circumstances the research associate left Clemson University to accept a position at a different institution before they could make substantial contributions to this project. During the 2017 field season, there was a significant crop loss of up to 90% in the southeastern peach industry resulting from cold weather. Because there was no significant peach crop, growers did not experience thrips injury and therefore only one training event on thrips biology and management was conducted during the first year of the project. 2018-2019. Peanut IPM: An undergraduate student was hired to continue image collection and preprocessing, and a graduate student was recruited to begin work on developing the image recognition algorithms for the project. These events have delayed the progress and timeline on completing the web app, which was originally planned to be completed by the end of the second year. The completion of the web app is anticipated to now occur during the third year of this project. To partially compensate for this, an additional objective has been added to include website development and deployment to improve peanut IPM information and recommendation dissemination and evaluation of stakeholder use. Sorghum and Corn IPM: A field day originally planned for September 2018 to focus on sorghum and corn insect management was cancelled because of Hurricane Florence. As an alternative training activity, demonstration plots were established to show the value of selecting a sugarcane aphid tolerant sorghum variety, in addition to comparisons of Bt and non-Bt corn hybrids. Vegetable IPM: Project PI and vegetable entomologist Dr. Rebecca Schmidt-Jeffris left Clemson University for another position in spring of 2019. Before departing Dr. Schmidt-Jeffris accomplished planned training activities as outlined in the Year 2 work plan. With her departure, our objectives will not change for Year 3 in that another entomologist will be identified to instruct the insect IPM training. Pollinator IPM: Due to the departure of our apiculturist Dr. Tsuruda, one planned training to familiarize veterinarians with honeybee management was not conducted. A replacement Extension Apiculturist position has been advertised and is expected to be filled in summer 2019. The replacement person in the position will be expected to continue Dr. Tsuruda's activities as outlined under the 'IPM for Pollinator Health' objectives. Specific plans and a schedule of work will be developed by the new hire in consultation with the IPM Coordinator upon arrival. 2019-2020. Agronomic Crop IPM: Some of the algorithm development work for the peanut disease mobile app has taken longer than initially anticipated. Pending progress during the next reporting period, this may delay development of a finalized web app. Accordingly, the number of different symptoms for which algorithm development will be practical may be more limited in scope than initially conceived. Symptoms for algorithm development will be prioritized based on both importance to SC peanut producers and availability of images in the database. Summer field days may not happen in 2020 in due to COVID-19. Peach and Small Fruit IPM For objective one we are transitioning the resistance profiling service from our research laboratory to a commercial laboratory (technology transfer). This will free up resources for the Schnabel lab and provide a consistent service to growers for a fee. Landscape and Nursery IPM The development of the scale insect website was delayed in this past year. Therefore, it will require one more year of development before the website can be launched. The population of image information and website contents, as well as factsheet development, will require additional labor and time input. Vegetable IPM: No spring or summer field days will be occurring in 2020 in vegetable IPM due to COVID-19. However, participation in online zoom meetings with agents and SC growers is planned. Tentative plans are being made for an organic weed management field day will be planned on main campus for May 2021. Pollinator IPM: Due to the departure of our apiculturist Dr. Tsuruda, training to familiarize veterinarians with honeybee management was not conducted. A replacement Extension Apiculturist (Ben Powell) has now been hired. Objectives and activities as outlined under 'IPM for Pollinator Health' have been updated, with a focus on conducting a needs assessment survey to guide Extension program, providing training on pollinator habitat protection, and training for beekeepers, including hive pest control. 2020-2021. A number of in-person training programs did not happen in 2021 due to COVID-19. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?A graduate student worked with our evaluation specialist to develop and refine a theoretical learning ecosystem model that articulates the flow of IPM knowledge development and dissemination, integrating Extension specialists, agents, crop consultants, and producers. His work resulted in a paper outlining a comprehensive Collaborative Train-the-Trainer model which emphasizes peer-to-peer interaction and feedback loops, representing an enhanced approach to learning. Fruit IPM In 2017, one undergraduate student and one technical support staff member were trained on peach production and insect pest management. Each of them worked approximately 4 months on this project. A second undergraduate student will be trained in the second year of this project. That student along with the technician will work approximately 6 months on this project in the upcoming year. In 2018, two undergraduate student and one technical support staff member were trained on peach production and insect pest management. Each of the undergrads worked approximately 3 months and the technician 6 months on this project. In 2019, two undergraduate student and one technical support staff member were trained on peach production and insect pest management. Each of the undergrads worked approximately 3 months and the technician 6 months on this project. Graduate students Harriet Boatwright and Brodie Cox each worked for 1 month on training preparation for technology transfer. In 2020, two graduate student and one technical support staff member were trained on peach production and insect pest management. Vegetable IPM In 2017, Danielle Lewis, M.S. student in the Entomology graduate program at Clemson University, was part-time on this project, working 0.1 month. She demonstrated her ongoing trial on effects of cover crops and organic herbicides on pest management outcomes (insects and weeds) at a field day at the Coastal Research and Education Center on June 6, 2018. John Coffey was a part time technician on the project, working 0.1 month. Graduate student Danielle Lewis was extensively trained in weed identification through the use of the Weed Garden (0.1 month). Technician Tyler Campbell worked part time (1.0 month) to learn weed ID techniques and can assist growers with weed ID. David Robb, a PhD student in the Plant & Environmental Sciences Department, devoted approximately 3 months to the project, primarily in establishing and maintaining cover crop and no-till vegetable plots for demonstration, and also gave presentations on his cover crop research at two workshops held during the first project year. In 2018, Gabriel Rennberger, Ph.D., graduated with a major in Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, December 19, 2018. Eight undergraduate student workers at the Clemson Organic Farm were trained in organic pest management practices. Weed Management Technician Tyler Campbell was trained to become proficient in weed biology, ID and management and independently conducted training sessions in weed management. Giovanni Caputo, an MS student in Dr. Cutulle's lab gained experience in weed ID by assisting with construction of the weed garden. David Robb, a PhD student in the Plant & Environmental Sciences Department, devoted approximately 3 months to the project, primarily in establishing and maintaining cover crop and no-till vegetable plots for demonstration, and also gave presentations on his cover crop research at two workshops held during the second project year. In 2019, graduate students in Dr. Keinath's lab learned how to identify species of fungal pathogens of vegetables with multilocus genotyping and sequencing of key genes. Extension agents were trained in field plot layout, experimental design, data collection, and basic data analysis and interpretation. Master Gardeners were trained in disease identification and management. The agent training in weed management resulted in not only agent's improving their weed science skill set but also the dialogue generated during the training sessions was very educational for the Weed Science specialist (Dr. Cutulle), as he was able to receive feedback about weed control issues across several regions of SC. In 2020, a graduate student learned how to identify species of fungal pathogens of vegetables with multilocus genotyping and sequencing of key genes and gained experience giving talks at field days. Three undergraduate students learned basic plant pathology and horticulture skills. This professional development led one of them to apply to plant pathology graduate programs. Master Gardeners were trained in disease identification and management. Landscape and Nursery IPM A technician (0.2 FTE) assisted with development of the scale insect IPM website and collection of scale-related resources for the website database. This project provided training opportunities to 173 nursery growers, landscape care professionals, industry partners and extension personnel on scale insect and other insect management. This project also provided an internship opportunity to one undergraduate student, who assisted in collecting scale insect images, deposit them, and process the images by providing identifiable information to the images. Agronomic Crop IPM A field technician (non-student) assisted with field trials to evaluate and demonstrate IPM strategies for field corn and sorghum, and assisted with logistics for Extension training events including field days (0.25 FTE). PhD student Thomas Bilbo (graduated in May 2019) conducted research on corn earworm resistance to Bt toxins and feeding behavior on Bt and non-Bt corn hybrids. Thomas has been involved in Extension work, and has given presentations at grower field days and at a regional vegetable production meeting on the Bt sweet corn varieties. We have provided Thomas with training in developing Extension programming as well as opportunities to participate in Extension meetings. Activities have allowed a graduate student to be trained in peanut disease image pre-processing and analysis through participation in this project. The graduate student received training in model refinement, assessment, and integration for creation of the web app. IPM for Pollinator Health: Activities during the reporting period a Basics of Entomology Pilot course in June 2021 to test the ability of developing a virtual course in arthropod identification and conservation. The course was attended by 40 Master Gardeners and Master Naturalists. Evaluations of the pilot are being reviewed now to develop a permanent training and expand into more specialized trainings such as pollinator identification and conservation. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results of applied IPM research, IPM recommendations and additional information are disseminated to stakeholders through a combination of face-to-face training events and Extension resources that are available at no cost online and via smartphone applications. The focus is on hands-on, experiential learning through in-field demonstrations. Additional details are provided in the 'Other Products' section above. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Peach and Small Fruit IPM Objective 1. Utilize a recently developed Location Specific Resistance Profiling (LSRP) system to monitor site-specific fungicide resistance. Fungicide resistance monitoring service in 6 states was conducted and communicated to growers and agents. Among findings, we identified weakening FRAC codes program for Botrytis cinerea on strawberry and detected Botrytis fragariae, a species with higher frequencies and levels of resistance to fludioxonil. Objective 2) Determine the prevalence and geographic distribution of thrips damage in SC peach orchards, elucidate factors involved in thrips infestations, and increase grower awareness of thrips biology, behavior and management. Traps to monitor thrips in peaches were deployed at several orchards. Fruit injury was associated with orchards planted near wheat and cotton. Growers were informed that weeds should be limited in and around orchards. Objective 3) Evaluate performance of available blackberry cultivars against diseases and insect pests and develop variety-based IPM recommendations for growers. On-farm trials showed that incidence of tip dieback disease differed among cultivars. Traps to monitor SWD were deployed at blackberry orchard with 11 varieties. Results were summarized in articles and presentations to stakeholders. Objective 4) Develop technology-based tools to support grower IPM outreach programs and train stakeholders in use of the technology. The MyIPM Smartphone app was updated with new features. The final version of MyIPM promotional video was released. https://vimeo.com/486538727. PIs demonstrated the MyIPM app at numerous grower meetings. Workshops to update the app were attended by 12 specialists. Vegetable IPM. Objective 1) Provide training in field diagnosis and monitoring of key diseases, insect pests and their natural enemies in tomato and cucurbit crops, and in strategies for ecologically sound management. Training focused on in-field diagnosis and monitoring of key diseases and insect pests. Vegetable plant samples were frequently submitted for disease ID. We detected resistance to the fungicide Boscalid in cucurbit powdery mildew in SC for the first time. Pythium and Phytophthora were discovered on hydroponic lettuce, the first report in SC. Objective 2) Conduct on-farm training in weed management with emphasis on ID of key weed species, the use of cover cropping for weed management, and the influence of soil type on weed development and management. A "Weed Garden" was used for training clients in weed ID. Field plots to demonstrate cover cropping and no-till practices for weed management were established to support training workshops. A Weed ID and Management website was created. Demonstrations compared bunched type sweetpotato (more competitive with weeds) versus sweetpotato with conventional growth habits. Objective 3) Provide in-field training in vegetable IPM strategies appropriate for limited resource, minority farmers. SC State collaborators continued to provide in-field training in vegetable IPM for limited resource, minority farmers with small, diversified farming operations in 1890 Extension Cluster Counties. as follows: (1) worked with growers to establish on-farm demonstration sites, (2) organized field days and farm tours for participating farmers, (3) small-scale vegetable producers reported increased farm management skills, reduced off farm inputs and increased profitability through adoption of IPM. Landscape and Nursery Ornamental Plant IPM Objective 1) Implement a training program for nursery and landscape workers on identifying, monitoring and management of scale insects. Information on biology, behavior and management for armored and soft scale species was published in Extension IPM guides. Grower training workshops focused on IPM strategies for management of insects in nursery ornamentals. Objective 2) develop a website as a central dissemination point for information on scale insect identification, biology, monitoring/forecasting and management, and a reporting and identification portal for native or invasive scale insect species. Profiles were created for 20 scale species. A system was established to select pictures from Bugwood.org. A domain name was then registered and web development team at SR IPM Center built the website. Collection of about 3,000 new scale insects have been deposited in the Bugwood image database. The website was developed and contents were added. Corn, Cotton, Peanut, Soybean, and Sorghum IPM Objective 1) Develop a training program to familiarize growers with use and application of a new tool to predict thrips injury in cotton. Stakeholders were provided with information on how to use a new online tool for predicting thrips injury in cotton. The tool is available at: http://climate.ncsu.edu/CottonTIP. Objective 2) Organize and conduct grower outreach programs to communicate results of previous and on-going field research and research-based recommendations leading to adoption of effective IPM strategies for key insect pests of agronomic crops. Data from field trials served as the basis for our extension programs and for updating our recommendations, including in newsletters (Cotton/Soybean newsletters and IPM newsletters), scout schools, and training programs. Objective 3) Develop and promote use of a new mobile app to aid in general ID of pest and beneficial arthropods important in agronomic crops. Initial work focused on a "Identify My Bug" mobile app. PIs decided that an app with both ID and IPM recommendations would be more impactful. Funded by this grant, we worked with the Southern IPM Center to develop a MyIPM for Row Crops app with information on pest ID and IPM recommendations (new sections will be added). IPM specialists from 8 states have so far collaborated to develop this app into a regional Extension tool. The app was launched for free on Apple and Android devices in 2022. Objective 4) Develop and promote use of a new mobile app to aid in identifying symptoms of disease and abiotic disorders of peanut. Work focused on development of a smartphone tool to aid in identifying symptoms of disease and abiotic disorders of peanut. Accuracy of all models in correctly classifying peanut leaf images was >80%. The tool will be released as a web-based platform in Jan. 2023. IPM For Pollinator Health Objective 1) Provide basic training in beekeeping and honey bee diseases for veterinarians who provide antibiotics for beekeepers. Training took place in May 2018. The classroom training and hands-on apiary session educated veterinarians on understanding the veterinary feed directive for bees and beekeepers, basic honey bee biology, bee diseases, basic hive terminology, preparing to inspect a hive. Co-PI Tsuruda left Clemson U. prior to completing activities for years 2 and 3 - objectives were changed, as noted in changes/problems. Objective 2) Provide training for commercial and hobby beekeepers on IPM methods for management of Varroa mites and small hive beetles. Presentations were made on Varroa mite management. After Ben Powell started as new Co-PI, a survey was conducted to guide program development. Work included: (1) new apiculture and pollinator program website, (2) initiated monthly newsletter (CAPPings) for the Clemson Apiculture and Pollinator Program, (3) created and maintained social media pages. A new apiary with 20 colonies was established at the Pee Dee REC for training programs. Objective 3) Provide training on pollinator protection and habitat requirements for growers, pesticide applicators and the general public. A series of workshops was conducted on the value of pollinators, and why habitat protection and enhancement are important. A Basics of Entomology Pilot course was attended by 40 Master Gardeners and Master Naturalists to test iNaturalist as a method for gathering data on insect biodiversity in preparation for developing pollinator surveys and honey bee forage plant phenology.
Publications
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Progress 09/01/20 to 08/31/21
Outputs
Target Audience:Target audiences include producers of the following commodities: peach, blackberries, row crops, horticultural crops including vegetables and ornamentals, commercial beekeepers and the general public. Target audiences also included landscape care professionals, arborists, municipal ground managers, Master Gardeners and home gardeners. Other training participants included Extension agents, crop consultants, agricultural industry representatives, and representatives from non-profit agricultural organizations and students. Undergraduate and graduate students were involved in the project and gained experience in IPM. Efforts were made to engage under-served audiences in the training programs including limited resource farmers, minority farmers with small, and diversified farming operations. Changes/Problems:A number of in-person training programs did not happen in 2021 due to COVID-19. We are hopeful that these will resume next year. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Peach and Small Fruit IPM: Two graduate student and one technical support staff member were trained on peach production and insect pest management. Vegetable IPM: One graduate student learned how to identify species of fungal pathogens of vegetables with multilocus genotyping and sequencing of key genes and gained experience giving talks at field days. Three undergraduate students learned basic plant pathology and horticulture skills. This professional development led one of them to apply to plant pathology graduate programs. Master Gardeners were trained in disease identification and management. Landscape and Nursery IPM: This project has provided training opportunities to 138 nursery growers, landscape care professionals, industry partners and extension personnel on scale insect and other insect management. This project also provided an internship opportunity to one graduate student, who assisted in developing factsheets for the Identi-Scale website. Agronomic Crop IPM: Activities during the reporting period have allowed a graduate student to be trained in peanut image pre-processing and analysis through participation in this project. The graduate student received training in model refinement, assessment, and integration for creation of the web app. IPM for Pollinator Health: Activities during the reporting period a Basics of Entomology Pilot course in June 2021 to test the ability of developing a virtual course in arthropod identification and conservation. The course was attended by 40 Master Gardeners and Master Naturalists. Evaluations of the pilot are being reviewed now to develop a permanent training and expand into more specialized trainings such as pollinator identification and conservation. The course also was used to test using iNaturalist as a method for gathering data on insect biodiversity in preparation for developing pollinator surveys and honey bee forage plant phenology in SC in 2022. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Peach and Small Fruit IPM: The results were disseminated in state and regional production talks, an international production convention, in form of workshops, with our MyIPM smarphone app, during personal farm visits, as well as with our animated video documentaries. Vegetable IPM: Presentations to communities of interest were included at conferences, a workshop, agent trainings, and a field day. Results were disseminated in writing via blogs and newspaper articles. Landscape and Nursery IPM: IPM information is delivered to stakeholders primarily through virtual or online presentations, trainings and published newsletters and trade journal article. Once the website is developed, an alternative route for disseminating the information will be available. Agronomic Crop IPM: Presentations to communities of interest were included at conferences, scout schools, certified crop advisor trainings, and virtual grower meetings. Results were disseminated in writing via newsletters and articles in Land-Grant Press. An abstract summarizing the results of the peanut model work is being included in the 2020 Proceedings of the APRES Annual Meeting. IPM for Pollinator Health: A Basics of Beekeeping course and field days (attended by 40 agents and administrative staff) were conducted for Extension personnel (May - June 2021). The CAPPings newsletter has been distributed 6 times in the last 12 months with an estimated readership of about 600 beekeepers. The Clemson Apiculture Facebook page has close to 1,200 followers at present, up from 500 this time last year. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Peach and Small Fruit IPM: Objective 1. We will continue to study sensitivity to fungicides and resistance mechanisms in plant pathogens of specialty crops to advance our understanding in fundamental aspects. The gained knowledge then can be translated into applied aspects to improve practical resistance management recommendations. Objective 3. We will continue to assess the effect of reflective groundcovers on plant performance and pest/disease incidence. We are also starting to plan for planting a new variety trial in the short term as there are several new cultivars that have been released in the last couple of years. Objective 4. We will have another MyIPM workshop in October of 2021 in Clemson with 12 specialists to update existing content and to add new content to the app for all crops and disciplines. This includes an update of active ingredients, trade names, information about IPM, better pictures for diagnostics, and more audio files. Vegetable IPM: Diagnosis of vegetable disease samples and molecular identification of fungal pathogens will be done when appropriate. Bioassays to monitor sensitivity of cucurbit downy mildew clades 1 and 2 to fungicides will be done on butternut squash, cucumber, and watermelon in fall 2021. Bioassays to monitor sensitivity of cucurbit powdery mildew to fungicides at risk of resistance will be done on summer squash and watermelon in spring 2022. Presentations to educate vegetable growers on IPM will be given in winter 2022 and at a field day in summer 2022. One or more articles will be written and published in Clemson University Land-Grant Press. ?Landscape and Nursery IPM: During the next reporting period, we seek to finalize arrangements for web hosting of a user-accessible version of the symptom recognition program and to publish the results of this work. Following finalization of web hosting, the web app will be widely disseminated to stakeholders of interest. Objective 1: Training program on scale insect management Training activities will continue to be provided to the stakeholders through newsletters, workshops and presentations. At least one half-day workshop has been planned for October 2020. This workshop will be held in collaboration with extension agents in Spartanburg and Pickens County. Additional 1-hour presentations will be provided as requested by the extension agents or trade organization. Objective 2: Website for disseminating scale insect identification and management information. The scale insect information clearinghouse or website, named Identi-Scale, has been developed with the assistance from the Southern region IPM Center, University of Georgia's Center for Invasive Species and Ecosystem Health, and Bugwood. More than 4000 images from Bugwood depository will be made available to the website. Contents will be developed and populate the website during the last year of this project. Agronomic Crop IPM: Efforts will continue to develop the MyIPM app for field crops, with an expected completion date of December 2021. We expect to make at least yearly updates to keep the app relevant by meeting with collaborators at 8 land-grant universities in the mid-Atlantic/southeastern region of the U.S. During the next reporting period, we seek to finalize arrangements for web hosting of a user-accessible version of the peanut disease symptom recognition program and to publish the results of this work. Following finalization of web hosting, the web app will be widely disseminated to stakeholders of interest. IPM for Pollinator Health: In addition to the newly established apiary at the Clemson Pee Dee REC, additional colonies are established at other locations for purposes of queen production and making colony increases. These additional colonies will be migrated to Clemson facilities in spring of 2022. The SC Beekeeper Needs Assessment survey was halted during the pandemic restrictions. It has resumed and is about 80% complete. We anticipate completing data collection this fall and have analysis ready for the Spring Meeting of the SC Beekeepers Association (Feb 2022). We have broken ground on pollinator habitat test plots at the Pee Dee REC which will be used for training extension and other agency personnel including investigators for the solar habitat certification program performed by the Department of Plant Industry and USDA staff as well as landowners, beekeepers and certified crop advisors. We will continue development of the pollinator protection component of the website is under development. Pollinator surveys and honey bee forage plant phenology surveys will be conducted in SC in 2022.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
A holistic conceptual model was developed that identifies components of the predominant IPM Extension Train-the-Trainer approach to foster producer adoption of IPM.This model identifies roles for components of the system including researchers, Extension Specialists, Extension Agents, Crop Consultants, and producers. Efforts will examine the rolethat "influencers" might play within eachgroupand the preferred learning and their preferred teaching and learning styles. An online survey was conducted to assess these factors amongst producers. Specialty Crop IPM: Peach and Small Fruit IPM Objective 1: Use a Location Specific Resistance Profiling system to monitor fungicide resistance in fruit pathogens and provide recommendations for disease and resistance management. A yearly resistance monitoring program for Botrytis cinerea on strawberry led to (1) identification of FRAC codes weakening existing programs due to resistance; (2) greater grower awareness forimplementing resistance management strategies; and (3) adjustments in resistance management recommendations. Botrytis fragariae; a species with higher frequencies and levels of resistance to fludioxonil, was first detected in the US. We also examined the sensitivity of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and C. acutatum isolatesto fludioxonil and possible mechanisms of fungicide tolerance. Objective 2: Determine the prevalence and distribution of thrips damage in SC peach orchards, elucidate factors involved in thrips infestations, and increase grower awareness of thrips. Previous research from this grant determined that a key trait associated with fruit injury was orchards planted near wheat and cotton. Insecticides spinetoram, cyantraniliprole, abamectin were shown to be effective. Thrips management was presented at grower meetings. Objective 3: Evaluate performance of available blackberry cultivars against diseases and insect pests and develop variety-based IPM recommendations for growers. We began evaluating the role of reflective ground covers on plant performance and incidence of diseases and insect pests. Our variety trial has been removed as we have already collected data for 3 years. Objective 4: Develop technology-based tools to support grower IPM outreach programs and train stakeholders in use of the technology. Our workshop was attended by 12 specialists and we updated content of the MyIPM app. New pictures were added and audio files were improved. Programmersupdated the app to be compatible with the new ios versions. The final version of MyIPM promotional video was released. https://vimeo.com/486538727. MyIPM has been downloaded 4900 times since 2017. Specialty Crop IPM: Vegetables Objective 1: Provide training in field diagnosis and monitoring of key diseases, insect pests and their natural enemies in tomato and cucurbit crops. Several pepper cultivars were identified with different levels of resistance to anthracnose fruit rot. Pythium and Phytophthora were discovered on hydroponic lettuce, the first report in SC. Fusarium wilt of okra was confirmed in SC. In fall 2020, cucurbit downy mildew clade 1 on butternut squash and watermelon was resistant to cymoxanil and moderately resistant to propamocarb. Cucurbit downy mildew clade 2 was resistant to mandipropamid and moderately resistant to azoxystrobin. In spring 2021, only cucumber was assayed, as clade 1 did not appear. The isolate was sensitive to fluopicolide and oxathiapiprolin. As a result, Presidio was recommended as another option to manage downy mildew. Objective 2: Conduct on-farm training in weed management with emphasis on ID of key weed species, the use of cover cropping for weed management. An in-person field day was conducted at the Coastal REC with hands-on training with a weed ID garden. Demonstrations compared bunched type sweetpotato (more competitive with weeds) versus sweetpotato with conventional growth habits. Herbicide carry over symptom pots were used to educate participants on off target movement of herbicides onto susceptible crops. Pictures from the weed ID training were used in 3 virtual meetings. Objective 3: Provide in-field training in vegetable IPM strategies appropriate for limited resource, minority farmers. South Carolina State University collaborators provided trainings forminority farmers on vegetable IPM strategies via farm field days within the Fall Leafy Green Project. Farm visits were conducted to assist growers by teaching principles of insect scouting andweed management. Specialty Crop IPM: Landscape and Nursery IPM Objective 1: Conduct training programs on scale insect management. This project has provided multiple training opportunities, publications and website development. One peer-reviewed paper on scale insect species of ornamental plants was published and is the basis for selecting species for the Identi-Scale website. Objective 2: Develop website for scale insect identification and management. The website has been developed and contents are being added. Additionally, 1 book chapter, 6 newsletters and 1 trade journal article have been produced on scale insects and boring insects. One IPM workshop was delivered to stakeholders in SC and NC. Agronomic Crop IPM: Corn, Cotton, Soybean, Sorghum, Peanut Objective 1: Conduct demonstrations and surveys addressing IPM practices for insect pests of cotton, soybeans, sorghum, and corn Demonstration plots were established at RECs, however the COVID pandemic lead to the cancellation of most of our in-person meetings, including field days. We were able to conduct several scout schools with growers in commercial fields, as well as all of our planned applied research projects. Objective 2: Organize, conduct, and deliver results of previous and on-going field research and research-based recommendations leading to adoption of effective IPM strategies Data collected from field trials served as the basis for our extension programs and for updating our recommendations, including information in newsletters (Cotton/Soybean newsletters and IPM newsletters), scout schools, and virtual training programs. Objective 3: Develop and promote use of a new mobile app to aid in promoting and adopting IPM in agronomic crops We are completing the final steps before releasing the first version of the MyIPM app for row crops. We will make the app initially available to all collaborators who have contributed to the project from 8 land grant universities so any potential errors or bugs may be corrected prior to releasing the product for our stakeholders in late 2021/early 2022. Objective 4: Develop and promote use of a new mobile app to aid in identifying symptoms of disease and abiotic disorders of peanut. Canopy images of peanut foliar symptoms were collected and processed.In addition to models developed for healthy, hopperburn, late leaf spot, and tomato spotted wilt virus, new models were developed for Provost injury, paraquat injury, and surfactant injury. Accuracy of all models in correctly classifying peanut leaf images was >80%. ?IPM for Pollinator Health Objective 1: Provide basic training in beekeeping, including hive pest control A new apiary with 20 colonies is now established at the Pee Dee REC for trainings and testing. The SC Beekeeper Needs Assessment survey was halted during the pandemic and has now resumed (80% complete). We held a meeting of the Clemson Pollinator Focus Group in May 2021. We have broken ground on pollinator habitat test plots at the Pee Dee REC. The CAPPings newsletter was distributed 6 times in the last year. Objective 2: Provide training on pollinator habitat protection We conducted a Basics of Entomology Pilot course attended by 40 Master Gardeners and Master Naturalists. The course was used to test iNaturalist as a method for gathering data on insect biodiversity in preparation for developing pollinator surveys and honey bee forage plant phenology in SC in 2022. Solar habitat guide was completed and the program commenced in Jan 2021.
Publications
- Type:
Book Chapters
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Dowling M; Fernandez-Ortun?o D; Hu M; Schnabel G, 2020. Eight years of fungicide resistance monitoring of Botrytis cinerea from United States strawberry fields. In: Deising HB; Fraaije B; Mehl A; Oerke EC; Sierotzki H; Stammler G (Eds), "Modern Fungicides and Antifungal Compounds", Vol. IX, pp. 69-74. � 2019. Deutsche Phytomedizinische Gesellschaft, Braunschweig, ISBN: 978-3-941261-16-7.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Klingeman,W. E., J. H. Chong, C. Harmon, L. Ames, A. V. LeBude, and P. Chandra. 2020. Diagnostic service records help prioritize resource development needs for scale insect management (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea) on ornamental plants. Plant Health Progress 21-278-287.
- Type:
Book Chapters
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Chong, J. H. 2020. These guys suck! pp. 6-7. In 2020 GrowerTalks Insecticide, Miticide & Fungicide Guide. Ball Publishing, West Chicago, IL. https://www.growertalks.com/pdf/2020_IMF_Guide.pdf
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Keinath, A. P., and Miller, G. A. Revised 2021. Watermelon Fungicide Guide for 2021. Land-Grant Press by Clemson Extension, LGP 1001. http://lgpress.clemson.edu/publication/watermelon-fungicide-guide/
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
" Greene, J. K. 2021. Cotton/Soybean Insect Newsletter (Volume 16: 20 issues). Distributed weekly to various clientele (county agents, consultants, producers, etc.). Spring-Summer. https://www.clemson.edu//extension/agronomy/cotton1/2021.html
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Plumblee, M. T., B. S. Farmaha, J. K. Greene, M. W. Marshall, S. Mickey, J. D. Mueller, N. B. Smith, and A. P. Turner. 2021. South Carolina Soybean Production Guide (2021). Clemson Cooperative Extension Service. https://clemson.app.box.com/s/a27svxqckn50ew65hc502vl3i29x8vbz
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Jones, M. A., B. S. Farmaha, J. K. Greene, M. Marshall, J. D. Mueller, and N. B. Smith. 2021. South Carolina Cotton Growers Guide 2021. Clemson University Pub. EC 589.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Toporek, S. M., and Keinath, A. P. 2021. First report of Colletotrichum scovillei causing anthracnose fruit rot on pepper in South Carolina, United States. Plant Dis. 105:1222. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-08-20-1656-PDN.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Keinath, A. P., Toporek, S. M., DuBose, V. B., Zardus, S. H., and Ballew, J. B. 2021. First report of Alternaria japonica, a causal agent of black spot, on kale in South Carolina, United States. Plant Dis. 105(7):2016. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-01-21-0085-PDN
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Keinath, A. P., DuBose, V. B., and Zardus, S. H. 2021. Evaluation of All-America Selections peppers. Plant Dis. Manag. Rep. 15:V040. https://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/pub/trial/pdmr/volume15/abstracts/v040.asp
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Keinath, A. P., DuBose, V. B., and Zardus, S. H. 2021. Conventional and organic fungicides to manage downy mildew after detection on leafy brassica greens, 2020. Plant Dis. Manag. Rep. 15:V088. https://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/pub/trial/pdmr/volume15/abstracts/v088.asp
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Keinath, A. P., DuBose, V. B., and Zardus, S. H. 2021. Evaluation of several fungicides to manage foliar and fruit anthracnose on seedless watermelon, 2020. Plant Dis. Manag. Rep. 15:V089. https://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/pub/trial/pdmr/volume15/abstracts/v089.asp
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Kemble, J. M., Meadows, I. M., Jennings, K. M., Walgenbach, J. F., and Wszelaki, A. L., ed. Revised 2021. Southeastern U.S. Vegetable Crop Handbook. (Contributor). http://www.vegcrophandbook.com/ NIFA support not acknowledged.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Soignier, T. S., M. T. Plumblee, J. Mueller, J. K. Greene, and K. R. Kirk. 2021. Efficacy of pesticides used in cotton when applied at specific droplet sizes, p. 401. In Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Production Conferences, National Cotton Council of America, Cordova, TN. https://www.cotton.org/beltwide/proceedings/2005-2021/index.htm
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Zaccaron, M., J. K. Greene, A. K. Hagan, A. Smitherman, T. W. Allen, J. Koebernick, A. L. Jacobson, K. L. Bowen, T. R. Faske, P. Price, I. Small, M. J. Mulvaney, R. Kemerait, A. S. Huseth, H. M. Kelly, D. Kerns, S. Taylor, and H. Wang. 2021. Incidence of Cotton Leaf Roll Dwarf Virus (CLRDV) in the US Cotton Belt during the 2020 growing season, pp. 347-350. In Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Production Conferences, National Cotton Council of America, Cordova, TN. https://www.cotton.org/beltwide/proceedings/2005-2021/index.htm
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Jacobson, A. L., C. Ray, P. Roberts , M. Toews, J. Greene, A. S. Huseth, G. G. Kennedy, S. Taylor, S. Paula-Moraes, S. Brown, J. Gore, W. Crow, S. D. Stewart, D. Kerns, S. Vyavhare, S. H. Graham, R. Smith, and K. Kesheimer. 2021. Monitoring population dynamics of aphids across the Cotton Belt, pp. 352-354. In Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Production Conferences, National Cotton Council of America, Cordova, TN. https://www.cotton.org/beltwide/proceedings/2005-2021/index.htm
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Roberts, P., M. Toews, S. Taylor, D. Reisig, A. S. Huseth, F. Reay-Jones, J. Greene, S. Paula-Moraes, A. L. Jacobson, S. Graham, and R. Smith. 2021. Cotton aphid insecticide efficacy in the Southeast: a two year summary, pp. 406-409. In Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Production Conferences, National Cotton Council of America, Cordova, TN. https://www.cotton.org/beltwide/proceedings/2005-2021/index.htm
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Greene, J. K. 2021. Cotton Insect Management, pp. 104-117. In South Carolina Pest Management Handbook. http://www.clemson.edu/extension/agronomy/pest%20management%20handbook.html
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Bryant, T., and F.P.F. Reay-Jones. 2021. Corn earworm as a pest of field corn. Land-Grant Press by Clemson Extension. LGP 1117.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Bryant, T., and F.P.F. Reay-Jones. 2020. Headworms as pests of grain sorghum. Land-Grant Press by Clemson Extension. LGP 1102.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Reay-Jones, F.P.F. 2021. Corn insect control, pp. 52-73. 2021 Pest Management Handbook for Field Crops. Clemson Extension.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Reay-Jones, F.P.F. 2021. Sorghum insect control, pp. 170-177. 2021 Pest Management Handbook for Field Crops. Clemson Extension.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Reisig, D., J. Greene, P. Roberts, and S. Taylor. 2021. Influence of planting date on bollworm incidence and damage in cotton, pp. 28-34. In Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Production Conferences, National Cotton Council of America, Cordova, TN. https://www.cotton.org/beltwide/proceedings/2005-2021/index.htm
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Greene, J. K., F. Reay-Jones, D. Robinson, and K. Seavey. 2021. Effectiveness of insecticide oversprays for control of bollworm and stink bugs on Bt cotton technology in South Carolina, pp. 545-553. In Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Production Conferences, National Cotton Council of America, Cordova, TN. https://www.cotton.org/beltwide/proceedings/2005-2021/index.htm
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Greene, J. K. 2021. Soybean Insect Control, pp. 265-275. In South Carolina Pest Management Handbook. http://www.clemson.edu/extension/agronomy/pest%20management%20handbook.html
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Lykins, S., Scammon, K., Lawrence, B.T. and Melgar, J.C. 2021. Photosynthetic light response of florican leaves of erecet blackberry cultivars from fruit development into the postharvest period. HortScience 56(3): 347-351
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Schnabel, G., Tan, Q., Schneider, V., and Hideo Ishii 2021. Inherent tolerance of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides to fludioxonil. Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. 172:104767.
|
Progress 09/01/19 to 08/31/20
Outputs
Target Audience:Target audiences include producers of the following commodities: commercial peach fruit growers and blackberry growers, row crops, horticultural crops including vegetables and ornamentals, commercial beekeepers and the general public. Target audiences also included landscape care professionals, arborists, municipal ground managers, Master Gardeners and home gardeners. Other training participants included Extension agents, crop consultants, agricultural industry representatives, and representatives from non-profit agricultural organizations and students. Undergraduate and graduate students were involved in the project and gained experience in IPM. Efforts were made to engage under-served audiences in the training programs including limited resource farmers, minority farmers with small, diversified farming operations. Changes/Problems:Agronomic Crop IPM: Some of the algorithm development work for the peanut disease mobile app has taken longer than initially anticipated. Pending progress during the next reporting period, this may delay development of a finalized web app. Accordingly, the number of different symptoms for which algorithm development will be practical may be more limited in scope than initially conceived. Symptoms for algorithm development will be prioritized based on both importance to SC peanut producers and availability of images in the database. Summer field days may not happen in 2020 in due to COVID-19. Peach and Small Fruit IPM For objective one we are transitioning the resistance profiling service from our research laboratory to a commercial laboratory (technology transfer). This will free up resources for the Schnabel lab and provide a consistent service to growers for a fee. Landscape and Nursery IPM The development of the scale insect website was delayed in this past year. Therefore, it will require one more year of development before the website can be launched. The population of image information and website contents, as well as factsheet development, will require additional labor and time input. Vegetable IPM: No spring or summer field days will be occurring in 2020 in vegetable IPM due to COVID-19. However, participation in online zoom meetings with agents and SC growers is planned. Tentative plans are being made for an organic weed management field day will be planned on main campus for May 2021. Pollinator IPM: Due to the departure of our apiculturist Dr. Tsuruda, training to familiarize veterinarians with honeybee management was not conducted. A replacement Extension Apiculturist (Ben Powell) has now been hired. Objectives and activities as outlined under 'IPM for Pollinator Health' have been updated, with a focus on conducting a needs assessment survey to guide Extension program, providing training on pollinator habitat protection, and training for beekeepers, including hive pest control. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Peach and Small Fruit IPM: Two undergraduate student and one technical support staff member were trained on peach production and insect pest management. Each of the undergrads worked approximately 3 months and the technician 6 months on this project. Graduate students Harriet Boatwright and Brodie Cox each worked for 1 month on training preparation for technology transfer. Agronomic Crop IPM: Activities during the reporting period have allowed a graduate student to be trained in peanut disease image pre-processing and analysis through participation in this project. The graduate student will continue to receive training in model refinement, assessment, and integration for creation of the web app. Vegetable IPM: Graduate student in Dr. Keinath's lab learned how to identify species of fungal pathogens of vegetables with multilocus genotyping and sequencing of key genes. Extension agents were trained in field plot layout, experimental design, data collection, and basic data analysis and interpretation. Master Gardeners were trained in disease identification and management. The agent training in weed management resulted in not only agent's improving their weed science skill set but also the dialogue generated during the training sessions was very educational for the Weed Science specialist (Dr. Cutulle), as he was able to receive feedback about weed control issues across several regions of SC. Landscape and Nursery IPM This project has provided training opportunities to 173 nursery growers, landscape care professionals, industry partners and extension personnel on scale insect and other insect management. This project also provided an internship opportunity to one undergraduate student, who assisted in collecting scale insect images, deposit them, and process the images by providing identifiable information to the images. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results of applied IPM research, IPM recommendations and additional information are disseminated to stakeholders through a combination of face-to-face training events and Extension resources that are available at no cost online and via smartphone applications. The focus is on hands-on, experiential learning through in-field demonstrations. Additional details are provided in the 'Other Products' section above. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Specialty Crop IPM: Peach and Small Fruit IPM Obj. 1: Use a Location Specific Resistance Profiling system to monitor fungicide resistance in fruit pathogens and provide recommendations for disease and resistance management. Analyze 8 years of resistance monitoring and provide recommendations based on data. Study sensitivity to fungicides and resistance mechanisms in pathogens. Gained knowledge can improve practical resistance management recommendations. Obj. 2: Determine the prevalence and distribution of thrips damage in SC peach orchards, elucidate factors involved in thrips infestations, and increase grower awareness of thrips. Evaluate 3 potential insecticides and application timings with an on-farm management trial to determine best management practices. Thrips identification and management will be presented at 2 grower meetings in SC. Obj. 3: Evaluate performance of available blackberry cultivars against diseases and insect pests and develop variety-based IPM recommendations for growers. Continue evaluating blackberry cultivars at experimental farm and other locations in SC. Obj. 4: Develop technology-based tools to support grower IPM outreach programs and train stakeholders in use of the technology. Conduct MyIPM workshop with 12 specialists to update content, including information on IPM, better pictures, and more audio files. Add pecan diseases and more disciplines of existing crops. Develop educational material in form of animated disease cycles for agents and specialists. Specialty Crop IPM: Vegetables Obj. 1: Provide training in field diagnosis and monitoring of key diseases, insect pests and their natural enemies in tomato and cucurbit crops. 1. Demonstration planting of tomato and pepper cultivars to evaluate for disease tolerance. Plant 3 cultivar trial at Coastal REC in April 2021. Evaluate plants for symptoms of common diseases. Communicate results at field day in June 2021. Prepare Extension article on results for Land-Grant Press. 2. Diagnosis of vegetable disease samples and molecular identification of fungal pathogens. Observe samples, culture and identify pathogens to genus by morphology. Identify species of fungi with multi-locus gene sequences for current pathogens of interest. 3. Conduct bioassays to monitor sensitivity of cucurbit downy mildew isolates to fungicides. Fall 2020 assays will be done on cucumber, butternut squash, and watermelon to investigate differences in fungicide sensitivity among isolates on the 3 hosts. Spring 2021 assays will be done on cucumber and butternut squash. Results will be used to update Land-Grant Press 1002, Cucurbit Downy Mildew Management. Obj. 2: Conduct on-farm training in weed management with emphasis on ID of key weed species, the use of cover cropping for weed management. Due to Covid 19, we are delaying summer field days. Planned work includes online meetings with agents and SC growers, and an organic weed management field in May 2021. The Weed Management website will continue development as a resource for weed ID and management. Obj. 3: Provide in-field training in vegetable IPM strategies appropriate for limited resource, minority farmers. South Carolina State University collaborators will assist limited resource, minority farmers with adoption of vegetable IPM strategies via farm field days and at grower meetings. Specialty Crop IPM: Landscape and Nursery IPM Obj. 1: Conduct training programs on scale insect management. Training and consulting activities will continue to be provided to the stakeholders through newsletters, workshops and presentations. Microscope and lens will be used to support training programs in 10 counties. At least 1 half-day workshop is planned for summer or fall 2020. Workshop will be held in collaboration with local extension service in SC or NC. 1-hour presentations will be provided as requested by extension agents or trade organization. Obj. 2: Develop website for scale insect identification and management. Scale insect clearinghouse (website) will be further developed and launched in early 2021. 3000+ images have been deposited in Bugwood database, but many images still require inputs of information (such as species and host names). Camera and macrolens are needed for additional photos. Manuscript on common scale insect species is in review, with publication costs needed to complete the process. Results will form basis for selecting scale insects to populate website. Pictorial identification key for scale insects still needs to be developed by PI. Additional employee/intern will assist in development of key. Factsheets on selected scale insect species will be developed. Additional employee/intern will be hired to assist in gathering of information for factsheets. Agronomic Crop IPM: Corn, Cotton, Soybean, Sorghum, Peanut Obj. 1: Conduct demonstrations and surveys addressing IPM practices for insect pests of cotton, soybeans, sorghum, and corn. Demonstration plots will be established at RECs and in grower fields for bollworm in cotton (use of grain sorghum as a trap crop, a HearHPV virus, variable planting date, Bt traits), cotton thrips plots, soybean insect management plots, Bt corn plots, sugarcane aphid plots in sorghum. Monitoring efforts: bollworm and budworm pheromone traps, resistance to Bt toxins and pyrethroid insecticides. Obj. 2: Organize, conduct, and deliver results of previous and on-going field research and research-based recommendations leading to adoption of effective IPM strategies. Grower field schools will be held at the Clemson Pee Dee and Edisto RECs to train participants in best management practices for insect pests in corn, sorghum, cotton, and soybean. Timely information on IPM will be disseminated to stakeholders via email newsletter, and in person at various grower, industry, and County Extension meetings. Obj. 3: Develop and promote use of a new mobile app to aid in promoting and adopting IPM in agronomic crops. Development of MyIPM app for field crops will continue, as recommendations for disease, insect, and weed pests are compiled with input from university specialists and agents. Photos of pests will be chosen on the bugwood website and other sources as needed. Structure of the app has already been designed and development of the app will begin. Outreach programs will then promote the app to stakeholders at grower meetings, field days, in newsletters, production guides, websites, and social media. Obj. 4: Develop and promote use of a new mobile app to aid in identifying symptoms of disease and abiotic disorders of peanut. Work will continue on model development for visual foliar damage. From the image database generated, a subset will continue to be established for peanut leaflet images. A numerical database is being constructed to develop models to predict probability of each causal factor. Efforts will focus on model refinement and integration for web app delivery.Graduate student (Hope Becton) will continue further development on this project. Stakeholder use of the Peanut Production website will continue to be monitored. IPM for Pollinator Health Obj. 1: Provide basic training in beekeeping, including hive pest control. Set up demonstration apiaries at several RECs as part of statewide trainings for beekeepers (e.g., queen grafting/rearing, hive pest control), finalize beekeeper baseline needs assessment. Conduct in-service trainings for Extension/regulatory personnel. Develop managed pollinator protection plan and outreach materials. Expand Clemson Apiculture and Pollinator Program website, continue CAPPingsnewsletter Obj. 2: Provide training on pollinator habitat protection. Conduct pollinator conservation trainings for Master Gardeners, Master Naturalists, Agency personnel, and the general public. Develop Managed Pollinator Protection Plan and outreach materials. Finalize solar farm pollinator habitat technical guide and conduct trainings for landowners, installers, inspectors.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Specialty Crop IPM: Peach and Small Fruit IPM Objectives: 1) Utilize a recently developed Location Specific Resistance Profiling system to monitor site-specific fungicide resistance in key fruit pathogens...; 2) Determine the prevalence and geographic distribution of thrips damage in SC peach orchards..., 3) Evaluate performance of available blackberry cultivars against diseases and insect pests and develop variety-based IPM recommendations for growers; 4) Develop technology-based tools to support grower IPM outreach programs and train stakeholders in use of the technology. Percent completion: 80% Obj. 1, 75% for Obj. 2, 50% for Obj. 3, and 67% for Obj. 4. Major accomplishments: Objective 1: We trained a commercial lab at Tifton GA to conduct resistance monitoring. Training included 3 technicians from Tifton and lasted 4 days in Clemson. Schnabel lab provided profile-specific resistance and disease management recommendation to growers and state specialists/consultants via email. Objective 2: Traps to monitor thrips in peaches deployed at 5 orchards, ~ 32,000 thrips collected on sticky cards; main trait associated with fruit injury was orchards planted near wheat and cotton. At two meetings (100 growers), growers informed that weeds should be limited in and around orchards, and timing/thresholds for management. Objective 3: Incidence of tip dieback and yield losses differed among blackberry cultivars. Presence of broad mites and spotted wing drosophila (SWD) reported by growers. Traps to monitor SWD were deployed at blackberry orchard with 11 varieties. 2 presentations given with approximately 50-60 people reached. Objective 4: Pictures, narrative, audio, and spray guide for multiple pests and diseases were added or updated. Specialty Crop IPM: Vegetables Objectives: 1) Provide training in field diagnosis and monitoring of key diseases, insect pests and their natural enemies in tomato and cucurbit crops..., 2) Conduct on-farm training in weed management with emphasis on ID of key weed species, the use of cover cropping for weed management..., 3) Provide in-field training in vegetable IPM strategies appropriate for limited resource, minority farmers. Percent completion: 100% for all Obj. Major accomplishments: Objective 1: 10 training events conducted, 5 blog posts, and publications in Land-Grant Press, Southeastern US Vegetable Crop Handbook, journal Plant Disease. Vegetable disease diagnosis for samples of beet, spinach pepper, eggplant, collard, and kale. 3 new fungal pathogens found in the U.S. for the first time. Physical collection of 285 isolates. We found that Cercospora beticola is becoming resistant to DMI fungicides. We determined that Colletotrichum scovillei, a new fungus from pepper fruit, is not sensitive to QoI fungicides. We detected an isolate of cucurbit downy mildew from pickling cucumber that was not controlled by Orondis fungicide, one of the first reports of failure of this fungicide in the US. Objective 2: Travelling weed garden and herbicide symptomology pots used for training for growers and agents. Weed ID workshop and cover crop demonstrations used at 2 field days. Herbicide studies/observations contributed to recommendations for the 2020 Southeastern vegetable growers handbook. Objective 3: South Carolina State University collaborators continued vegetable IPM training for limited resource farmers, minority farmers with small, diversified farming operations in 1890 Extension Cluster Counties. IPM demonstration sites in five regions (Cluster Counties) established. Farm visits conducted to assist growers by teaching principles of insect scouting and weed management. Specialty Crop IPM: Landscape and Nursery IPM Objectives: 1) Implement a training program for nursery and landscape workers on identifying, monitoring and management of scale insects; and 2) develop a website with information on scale insect identification, biology, monitoring/forecasting and management, and a reporting and identification portal for native or invasive scale insect species. Percent completion: 100% for Obj. 1 and 75% for Obj. 2. Major accomplishments: Objective 1: 2 workshops conducted in nursery IPM for 173 growers, landscape care professionals, industry partners and extension personnel on management of scale and other insects. 2 peer-reviewed papers and 1 peer-reviewed extension bulletin on scale insects and mealybugs have been/will be published. 7 newsletter issues produced for stakeholders. Objective 2: Accomplishments towards development of the website included: domain name was registered and web development team at SR IPM Center is building website. Collection of about 3,000 new scale insects have been donated by Bartlett Trees and have been deposited in the Bugwood image database. Agronomic Crop IPM: Corn, Cotton, Soybean, Sorghum, Peanut Objectives: 1) Develop a training program to familiarize growers with use and application of a new tool to predict thrips injury in cotton; 2) Organize and conduct grower outreach programs to communicate results of field research and recommendations leading to adoption of effective IPM strategies for key insect pests; 3) Develop and promote use of a new mobile app to aid in ID of pest and beneficial arthropods important in agronomic crops; 4) Develop and promote use of a new mobile app to aid in identifying symptoms of disease and abiotic disorders of peanut. Percent Completion: 100% for Obj. 1 and 2; 50% for Obj. 3; 75% for Obj. 4. Major Accomplishments: Objective 1: Grower meetings and field days were organized to familiarize cotton growers with the Thrips Infestation Predictor tool to predict thrips dispersal and select low risk planting dates. Objective 2: Demonstration plots used at field day on efficacy of Bt corn (60 participants). Presentations at on-farm field days on corn insects (stink bugs, Bt corn and the importance of refuge compliance). Corn and grain sorghum insect sections updated in Clemson Pest Management Handbook, articles in Land-Grant Press (a new peer-reviewed Extension publication) on corn earworm, fall armyworm, and sugarcane aphid management. Objective 3: PIs decided that an app with ID and IPM recommendations would be more impactful than a "Identify My Bug" app. Work has begun to assemble pest photos and recommendations in SC crops. App will utilize the same framework as MyIPM and will be hosted on SRIPM server. Objective 4: Development continued on app; images of peanut foliar symptoms collected and organized by disease or disorder symptoms. Accuracy models for disease identification determined. Though work is in development, communication of results to stakeholders has been initiated through submitting the abstract for presentation at the 2020 APRES meeting. IPM for Pollinator Health Objectives: 1) Provide basic training in beekeeping and honey bee diseases for veterinarians who provide antibiotics for beekeepers; 2) Provide training for commercial and hobby beekeepers on IPM methods for management of Varroa mites and small hive beetles; 3) Provide training on pollinator protection and habitat requirements for growers, pesticide applicators and the public. Percent Completion: 33% for Obj. 1; 67% for Obj. 2 and 3 (Some activities scheduled for years 2 and 3 were not conducted or delayed due to the departure of Dr. Tsuruda in January 2019). Ben Powell is the new PI for Pollinator Health. Major Accomplishments: Conducted apiculture needs assessment survey to guide Extension program development Developed foundations of apiculture and pollinator Extension program: (1) new apiculture and pollinator program website, (2) initiated monthly newsletter (CAPPings) for the Clemson Apiculture and Pollinator Program, (3) created and maintained social media pages. Conduct outreach and training programs: (1) hosted Eastern Apiculture Society annual conference in SC, (2) In-service training for Extension Pollinator Focus group.
Publications
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Reay-Jones, F.P.F. 2020. Corn insect control, pp. 52-73. 2020 Pest Management Handbook for Field Crops. Clemson Extension.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Reay-Jones, F.P.F. 2020. Sorghum insect control, pp. 171-178. 2020 Pest Management Handbook for Field Crops. Clemson Extension.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Reay-Jones, F.P.F. 2019. Fall armyworm as a pest of corn. Land-Grant Press by Clemson Extension. LGP 1025.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Reay-Jones, F.P.F., and J. K. Greene. 2019. Sugarcane aphid as a pest of sorghum. Land-Grant Press by Clemson Extension. LGP 1027.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Submitted
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Klingeman,W. E., J. H. Chong, C. Harmon, L. Ames, A. V. LeBude, and P. Chandra. 20__. Diagnostic service records help prioritize resource development needs for scale insect management (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea) on ornamental plants. Submitted to Plant Health Progress.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Rhodes, S. A., M. W. Turnbull, and J. H. Chong. 2019. Nitrogen fertilization of host plant influenced the nutritional status and life history of the Madeira mealybug (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Environmental Entomology 48: 1129-1137.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Awaiting Publication
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
CABI Crop Protection Compendium, Datasheet report for Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. niveum (Fusarium wilt of watermelon), revised (in press), https://www.cabi.org/cpc/
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Keinath, A. P. 2019. Integrated management of downy mildew on slicing cucumber with fungicides and host resistance but not trellising. Plant Dis. 103:2592-2598.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Keinath A. P. 2019. Identifying and Managing Wirestem on Vegetable Brassica (Cole) Crops. Land-Grant Press by Clemson Extension. LGP 1029. https://lgpress.clemson.edu/publication/identifying-and-managing-wirestem-on-vegetable-brassica-cole-crops/
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Kemble, J. M., Meadows, I. M., Jennings, K. M., and Walgenbach, J. F., ed. Revised 2020. Southeastern U.S. Vegetable Crop Handbook. (Contributor), www.vegcrophandbook.com
- Type:
Theses/Dissertations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
M.S. Thesis by Sean M. Toporek, Clemson University major, Plant and Environmental Sciences, Characterizing the Economically Important Species of Pythium Affecting Cucurbits in South Carolina and Grafting to Control Pythium Disease in Watermelon.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Bilbo, T. R., F.P.F. Reay-Jones, and J. K. Greene. 2020. Evaluation of insecticide thresholds in late-planted Bt and non-Bt corn for management of fall armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Economic Entomology. 113: 814-823.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Lawrence, B., G. Schnabel and J.C Melgar 2020. Field performance and susceptibility to fungal pathogens of eleven blackberry cultivars. Int J Fruit Sci. in press.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Chen, F., S. S. Tsuji, Y. Li, M. Hu, M. A. Bandeira, M. P. S Camara, S. J. Michereff, G. Schnabel 2020. Reduced sensitivity of azoxystrobin and thiophanate-methyl resistance in Lasiodiplodia theobromae from papaya. Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. 162:60-68.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Dowling, M. E. and G. Schnabel 2020. Understanding plant diseases with art and technology. Int. J. Hort. Sci. In press.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Cosseboom, S. D., G. Schnabel, and M.J.Hu. 2020. Competitive ability of multifungicide-resistant Botrytis cinerea in a blackberry planting over three years. Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. 163:1-7.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Lahiri, S., D. D. Reisig, F.P.F. Reay-Jones, J. K. Greene, T. E. Carter, R. Mian, and B. D. Fallen. 2020. Soybean host plant resistance to Megacopta cribraria (F.) (Hemiptera: Plataspidae) and the potential role of leaf trichome density. Environ. Entomol. 49(1): 88-97. https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvz158
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Munoz, M., J. E. Faust, and G. Schnabel 2019. Characterization of Botrytis cinerea from commercial cut flower roses. Plant Dis. 103:1577-1583.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Chechi, A., Stahlecker, J., Dowling, M. E. and G. Schnabel 2019. Diversity in species composition and fungicide resistance profiles in Colletotrichum isolates from apple. Pestic. Biochem Physiol. 158:18-24.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Davis, R. L., J. K. Greene, F. Dou, Young-Ki Jo, and T. M. Chappell. 2020. A practical application of unsupervised learning for analyzing plant image data collected using unmanned aircraft systems. Agronomy 2020, 10, 633; doi:10.3390/agronomy10050633 www.mdpi.com/journal/agronomy
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Reay-Jones, F. P. F., J. K. Greene, and P. J. Bauer. 2019. Spatial distributions of thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in cotton. J. Insect Sci. 19(6): 3; 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1093/jisesa/iez103
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Chiu, C., M. E. Burce, P. V. Astillo, J. M. Maja, A. Khalilian, and J. Greene. 2019. Development of light sensors to measure defoliation. American Journal of Agricultural Research (AJAR): 4:67. https://escipub.com/Articles/AJAR/AJAR-2019-06-2105.pdf
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Bilbo, T. R., F. P. F. Reay-Jones, D. D. Reisig, J. K. Greene, and M. W. Turnbull. 2019. Development, survival, and feeding behavior of Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) relative to Bt protein concentrations in corn ear tissues. PLoS ONE 14(8): e0221343. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0221343
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Bilbo, T. R., F. P. F. Reay-Jones, D. D. Reisig, and J. K. Greene. 2019. Susceptibility of corn earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 in North and South Carolina. J. Econ. Entomol. 112(4): 1845-1857. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/toz062
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Musser, F. R., A. L. Catchot, S. P. Conley, J. A. Davis, C. DiFonzo, J. K. Greene, G. M. Lorenz, D. Owens, D. D. Reisig, P. Roberts, T. Royer, N. J. Seiter, R. Smith, S. D. Stewart, S. Taylor, K. Tilmon, R. T. Villanueva, and M. O. Way. 2020. 2019 soybean insect losses in the United States. Midsouth Entomologist. 13: 1-23.
http://midsouthentomologist.org.msstate.edu/pdfs/Vol13_1/Vol13_1_2019_Soybean_losses.pdf
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Reay-Jones, F.P.F. 2020. Cereal leaf beetle as a pest of small grains. Land-Grant Press by Clemson Extension. LGP 1031.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Bryant, T., and F.P.F. Reay-Jones. 2020. Integrated pest management: concepts and strategies. Land-Grant Press by Clemson Extension. LGP 1051.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Bryant, T., and F.P.F. Reay-Jones. 2020. Insect resistance: overview and management. Land-Grant Press by Clemson Extension. LGP 1060.
- Type:
Websites
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
B. Powell. Developed a brand new apiculture and pollinator program website (https://www.clemson.edu/extension/pollinators/index.html).
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Greene, J. K. 2020. Soybean Insect Control, pp. 268-278. In South Carolina Pest Management Handbook.
http://www.clemson.edu/extension/agronomy/pest%20management%20handbook.html
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Greene, J. K. 2020. Cotton Insect Management, pp. 105-118. In South Carolina Pest Management Handbook. http://www.clemson.edu/extension/agronomy/pest%20management%20handbook.html
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Greene, J. K. 2019. Cotton/Soybean Insect Newsletter (Vol. 14, 14 Issues). Distributed weekly to various clientele (county agents, consultants, producers, etc.). Spring-Summer.
http://www.clemson.edu//extension/agronomy/cotton1/newsletters.html
|
Progress 09/01/18 to 08/31/19
Outputs
Target Audience:Target audiences include producers of the following commodities: commercial stone fruit and small fruit, field and row crops, horticultural crops including vegetables and ornamentals, commercial beekeepers and the general public. Target audiences also included landscape care professionals, arborists, municipal ground managers, Master Gardeners and home gardeners. Other training participants included Extension agents, state and local government representatives including NRCS and FSA employees, agricultural industry representatives, and representatives from non-profit agricultural organizations and students. Undergraduate and graduate students were involved in the project and gained experience in IPM. Efforts were made to engage under-served audiences in the training programs including women, minority and veteran farmers. Changes/Problems:Peanut IPM: During the first year of the project, a highly skilled postdoctoral research associate was successfully recruited and initiated work on the project. Before the end of that first year, the associate accepted a position at another university. Since then, much efforts were spent during this second reporting period to recruit a replacement hire. An undergraduate student was hired to continue image collection and preprocessing, and a graduate student was recruited to begin work on developing the image recognition algorithms for the project. These events have delayed the progress and timeline on completing the web app, which was originally planned to be completed by the end of the second year. The completion of the web app is anticipated to now occur during the third year of this project. To partially compensate for this, an additional objective has been added to include website development and deployment to improve peanut IPM information and recommendation dissemination and evaluation of stakeholder use. Sorghum and Corn IPM: A field day originally planned for September 2018 to focus on sorghum and corn insect management was cancelled because of Hurricane Florence. As an alternative training activity, demonstration plots were established to show the value of selecting a sugarcane aphid tolerant sorghum variety, in addition to comparisons of Bt and non-Bt corn hybrids. Vegetable IPM: Project PI and vegetable entomologist Dr. Rebecca Schmidt-Jeffris left Clemson University for another position in spring of 2019. Before departing Dr. Schmidt-Jeffris accomplished planned training activities as outlined in the Year 2 work plan. With her departure, our objectives will not change for Year 3 in that another entomologist will be identified to instruct the insect IPM training. Pollinator IPM: Due to the departure of our apiculturist Dr. Tsuruda, one planned training to familiarize veterinarians with honeybee management was not conducted. A replacement Extension Apiculturist position has been advertised and is expected to be filled in summer 2019. The replacement person in the position will be expected to continue Dr. Tsuruda's activities as outlined under the 'IPM for Pollinator Health' objectives. Specific plans and a schedule of work will be developed by the new hire in consultation with the IPM Coordinator upon arrival. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Peach and Small Fruit IPM: Two undergraduate student and one technical support staff member were trained on peach production and insect pest management. Each of the undergrads worked approximately 3 months and the technician 6 months on this project. Agronomic Crop IPM: PhD student Thomas Bilbo (graduated in May 2019) conducted research on corn earworm resistance to Bt toxins and feeding behavior on Bt and non-Bt corn hybrids. Thomas has been involved in Extension work, and has given presentations at grower field days and at a regional vegetable production meeting on the Bt sweet corn varieties. We have provided Thomas with training in developing Extension programming as well as opportunities to participate in Extension meetings. Vegetable IPM: Gabriel Rennberger, Ph.D., graduated with a major in Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, December 19, 2018. Eight undergraduate student workers at the Clemson Organic Farm were trained in organic pest management practices. Weed Management Technician Tyler Campbell was trained to become proficient in weed biology, ID and management and independently conducted training sessions in weed management. Giovanni Caputo, an MS student in Dr. Cutulle's lab is gaining experience in weed ID by assisting with construction of the weed garden. David Robb, a PhD student in the Plant & Environmental Sciences Department, devoted approximately 3 months to the project, primarily in establishing and maintaining cover crop and no-till vegetable plots for demonstration, and also gave presentations on his cover crop research at two workshops held during the second project year. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results of applied IPM research, IPM recommendations and additional information are disseminated to stakeholders through a combination of face-to-face training events and Extension resources that are available at no cost online and via smartphone applications. The focus is on hands-on, experiential learning through in-field demonstrations. Additional details are provided in the 'Other Products' section above. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Specialty Crop IPM: Peach and Small Fruit IPM Objective 1. We plan to continue to offer the Location Specific Resistance Profiling (LSRP) system for growers to monitor site-specific fungicide resistance in key fruit pathogens and to use results to provide grower recommendations for disease and fungicide resistance management. Objective 2. Two training events will be organized in late fall-early winter focused on thrips identification, monitoring, and management. Participant surveys will provide additional information on the distribution of thrips and damage throughout the state, and on management approaches including the frequency of insecticide use and effectiveness. Objective 3: We will continue evaluating performance of different blackberry cultivars at the Musser Research Farm and on commercial farms throughout South Carolina. Objective 4. We will organize a MyIPM working session in October of 2019 in Clemson with 12 regional fruit specialists to update existing content and to add new content to the app for additional crops and disciplines. Continued development of the app will include an update of active ingredients and trade names, IPM recommendations, improved images for diagnostics, and more audio files. Specialty Crop IPM: Vegetables Objective 1: Based on stakeholder input we plan to conduct three on-farm workshops on the following topics: Conservation biological control, ecologically based weed management, and cover crops/no-till for weed management. Disease management recommendations will be supported by research to detect fungicide resistance in cucurbit powdery and downy mildews, and to evaluate eggplant cultivars for susceptibility to fruit rot diseases. Objective 2: Training programs in weed identification will be offered during 3 local grower meetings and 2 comprehensive workshops/field days. On-farm visits will be made as requested to provide direct assistance to growers in solving weed problems, and results of research on herbicide symptomology and on herbicide-soil interactions will be communicated to growers. The Weed Management website will continue development to serve as a resource for grass and broadleaf weed ID and management. Objective 3: South Carolina State University collaborators will continue to assist limited resource, minority farmers with adoption of vegetable IPM strategies via farm field days and tours of demonstration plots and at grower meetings. Specialty Crop IPM: Landscape and Nursery IPM Objective 1: Training courses on scale insect identification and management will be organized during Year 3; the number and scheduling of events will be based on stakeholder input. Objective 2: Additional scale insect profiles will be uploaded onto the scale insect management website. Efforts will continue to complete development of the website contents and platform, including the contribution of additional of images from scale specialists around the country. Agronomic Crop IPM: Corn, Cotton, Soybean, Sorghum, Peanut Objective 1: Training for cotton growers on use of the Thrips Infestation Predictor (TIP) tool is planned for early 2020 during research center field days and cotton grower meetings. Objective 2: Grower field schools will be held at the Clemson Pee Dee and Edisto Research Centers to train participants in best management practices for insect pests in corn, sorghum, cotton, and soybean. Insect management sections in the Clemson Pest Management Handbook will be reviewed and updated as needed. Timely information on IPM will be disseminated to stakeholders via email newsletter, and in person at various grower, industry, and County Extension meetings. Objective 3: Images of insects and supporting information will continue to be developed for the "Identify My Bug" app, and programmers will begin work on the platform. Objective 4: Work on the peanut problem app will continue; focus will be on development of a database of foliar images whereby users can submit digital images for analysis and be provided with a ranked likelihood of associated factors (e.g., paraquat injury, nutrient deficiencies, tomato spotted wilt, leafhopper damage, etc.), with percent likelihood provided for each factor. Stakeholder use of the Peanut Production website will continue to be monitored using Google Analytics to track activity and monitor reach. IPM for Pollinator Health Dr. Jennifer Tsuruda, PI for Pollinator Health, departed Clemson in January 2019. An Extension Apiculturist position has been advertised and is expected to be filled in summer 2019. The replacement person in the position will be expected to continue Dr. Tsuruda's activities as outlined under the 'IPM for Pollinator Health' objectives. Specific plans and a schedule of work will be developed by the new hire in consultation with the IPM Coordinator upon arrival. Once the new person is in place, we will submit a schedule of work along with their CV, Current and Pending Support form, and Senior/Key Person Profile form.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Specialty Crop IPM: Peach and Small Fruit IPM 1) Monitor site-specific fungicide resistance in key fruit pathogens: We analyzed 450 pathogen isolates for variability in fungicide resistance and provided fungicide resistance monitoring service and disease management recommendations to 45 farms in 7 states. 2) Determine the prevalence of thrips damage in SC peach orchards: Traps to monitor thrips were deployed at five orchards and substantial numbers of thrips were collected. 3) Evaluate performance of available blackberry cultivars against diseases and insect pests: Results of field trials indicated that incidence of tip dieback disease differed greatly among blackberry cultivars; severe tip dieback in some of the more susceptible cultivars caused significant yield reductions. Results were summarized in 3 peer-reviewed journal articles, 18 presentations to stakeholders, with 160 farmers and agriculture professionals participating. 4) Develop technology-based tools to support grower IPM outreach programs: The MyIPM smartphone application main display was updated to facilitate navigating between multiple crops and pests. A new feature for MyIPM was developed whereby content may be downloaded automatically. Pictures, narrative, audio, and pesticide application recommendations for pecan pests and grape diseases were added to the platform. Percent completion: 67% objectives 1, and 4; 50% for Objectives 2 and 3. Specialty Crop IPM: Vegetables 1) Provide training in field diagnosis and monitoring of key diseases and insect pests in tomato and cucurbit crops: 17 training events and presentations were conducted with 474 farmers and agriculture professionals participating. The PI responded to 119 questions about vegetable diseases and management and diagnosed disease problems on 24 vegetable plant samples. We communicated our research results to growers indicating that trellising is not effective for management of downy mildew on slicing cucumber including a trade journal article. We detected resistance to the fungicide Boscalid in cucurbit powdery mildew in South Carolina for the first time and we revised our fungicide recommendations accordingly; the results published in a refereed article. 2) Conduct on-farm training in weed management with emphasis on ID of key weed species...: Field plots to demonstrate cover cropping and no-till practices for weed management were established at Clemson and Charleston to support 3 training workshops where participants observed the effectiveness of cover crops and no-till management practices for weed control (76 participants). The weed scientist designed and implemented a Weed Identification and Management website as a resource to aid in identification of weeds and weed management solutions. The weed scientist created a 'travelling weed garden' for teaching weed identification around the state. He also conducted 12 on farm consultations on weed management for vegetable growers and provided weed ID diagnoses for weed samples . 3) Provide in-field training in vegetable IPM strategies for limited resource, minority farmers: South Carolina State University collaborators continued vegetable IPM training for limited resource and minority growers as follows: Worked with growers to establish on-farm demonstration sites to serve as training venues. Organized vegetable field days and farm tours for participating farmers. Small-scale vegetable producers reported that they increased farm management skills, reduced off farm inputs and increased profitability through increased adoption of IPM practices. Percent completion: 67% for all objectives Specialty Crop IPM: Landscape and Nursery IPM Implement a training program for nursery and landscape workers on identifying, monitoring and management of scale insects: 8 training events on monitoring, identification and management of scale insects were conducted for nursery and landscape workers with 435 participants. Three articles on management of mealybug and scale insects were published in trade journals that reached 25,100 readers in the U.S. and Canada. Develop a website with information on scale insect identification, biology, monitoring/forecasting and management: Accomplishments included: a) creation of profiles for 20 scale species, b) establishment of a system to select pictures from Bugwood.org who will host the webpage, c) development of a mock-up of the website, d) agreement from the National Plant Diagnostic Network to provide diagnostic results on scale inquiries as a focus for the website resource development Percent completion: 67% for Objective 1 and 35% for Objective 2. Agronomic Crop IPM: Corn, Cotton, Soybean, Sorghum, Peanut Develop a training program to familiarize growers with use and application of a new tool to predict thrips injury in cotton: We familiarized cotton growers with the Thrips Infestation Predictor tool that uses weather data to predict thrips dispersal timing to identify planting dates when plants are least susceptible. Organize grower outreach programs to communicate results of field research leading to adoption of effective IPM strategies for key insect pests: Field trials were done in conjunction with two training field days to compare the efficacy of available Bt corn hybrids for worm control (60 participants). A corn earworm monitoring study demonstrated widespread resistance to specific Cry proteins used in some Bt corn varieties; thus, training programs have emphasized the importance of planting non-Bt refuge corn to preserve efficacy in both corn and cotton. Corn and grain sorghum insect management sections were updated in the Clemson Pest Management Handbook available in print and online. Develop and promote use of a new mobile app to aid in ID of pest and beneficial arthropods important in agronomic crops: Content for the "Identify My Bug" mobile application was developed including collection of thousands of insect images. Develop and promote use of a new mobile app to aid in identifying symptoms of disease and abiotic disorders of peanut: Development continued on the mobile app; classified symptomatic images have been uploaded to the Peanut Production website for public access (www.clemson.edu/extension/agronomy/peanuts/). Information on the availability of the web resource has been disseminated to about 450 stakeholders. User tracking through Google Analytics has been initiated. Percent Completion: 67% for objectives 1-2; 40% for Objective 3 - 4. IPM for Pollinator Health 1) Provide basic training in beekeeping and honeybee diseases for veterinarians who provide antibiotics for beekeepers: This objective was addressed earlier in the season (prior year's reporting period). The PI (Tsuruda) left Clemson University before the next planned training class could be offered. 2) Provide training for commercial and hobby beekeepers on IPM methods: Over 175 contact hours from beekeepers during presentations for beekeeping groups; attendees learned how to monitor for mites, mite biology, IPM methods for management, and recordkeeping techniques to improve beekeeping management. 3) Provide training on pollinator protection and habitat requirements for growers, pesticide applicators and the general public: Over 400 contact hours from interactions with the general public at the SC State fair and with growers, pesticide applicators and land managers at presentations and trainings aimed toward non-beekeepers. Participants learned about the importance of pollinators, how to support pollinators through plantings, how pesticides can affect pollinators, and how to improve communication with beekeepers when planning a pesticide treatment. Percent Completion: 33% for Objective 1; 67% for Objectives 2 and 3 (Some activities scheduled for year two were not conducted or delayed due to the departure of Dr. Tsuruda in January 2019).
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Cosseboom, S. D., K. L. Ivors, G. Schnabel, P. K. Bryson, and G. J. Holmes 2019. Within-season shift in fungicide resistance profiles of Botrytis cinerea in California strawberry fields. Plant Dis. 103:59-64.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Dowling, M. E., Hu, M-J., and G. Schnabel 2018. Fungicide resistance in Botrytis fragariae and species prevalence in the Mid-Atlantic United States. Plant Dis. 102:964-969.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Greene, J. K. 2019. Cotton Insect Management, In South Carolina Pest Management Handbook, pp. 108-121. http://www.clemson.edu/extension/agronomy/pest%20management%20handbook.html
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Greene, J. K. 2019. Soybean Insect Control, In South Carolina Pest Management Handbook, pp. 272-282.
http://www.clemson.edu/extension/agronomy/pest%20management%20handbook.html
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Reay-Jones, F.P.F. 2019. Corn insect control, pp. 55-76. 2019 Pest Management Handbook for Field Crops. Clemson Extension.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Reay-Jones, F.P.F. 2019. Sorghum insect control, pp. 174-181. 2019 Pest Management Handbook for Field Crops. Clemson Extension.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Robayo Camacho, E., J.-H. Chong, S. K. Braman, S. D. Frank, and P. B. Schultz. 2018. Natural enemy communities and biological control of Parthenolecanium spp. (Hemiptera: Coccidae) in the southeastern United States. Journal of Economic Entomology 111: 1558-1568.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Under Review
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Klingeman,W. E., J. H. Chong, C. Harmon, L. Ames, A. V. LeBude, and P. Chandra. 20__. Diagnostic service records help prioritize resource development needs for scale insect management (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea) on ornamental plants. Journal of Economic Entomology (in review).
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Keinath, A. P., Ling, K.-S., Adkins, S., Hasegawa, D. K., Simmons, A. M., Hoak, S., Mellinger, H. C., and Kousik, C. S. 2018. First report of cucurbit leaf crumple virus infecting three cucurbit crops in South Carolina. Plant Health Progress 19:322-323. URL: https://doi.org/10.1094/PHP-07-18-0039-BR
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Keinath, A. P., Rennberger, G., and Kousik, C. S. 2018. First report of resistance to boscalid in Podosphaera xanthii, cucurbit powdery mildew, in South Carolina. Plant Health Progress 19:220-221. URL: https://doi.org/10.1094/PHP-03-18-0009-BR
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Keinath, A. P., DuBose, V. B., Conrad, C. D., and Toporek, S. M. 2019. Response of four beet cultivars to Phoma leaf spot, 2017. Plant Disease Management Reports 13:V074. URL: https://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/pub/trial/pdmr/reports/2019/V074.pdf
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Petrovic, K., and Keinath, A. P. 2019. Field Scouting Guide: Gummy Stem Blight. American Vegetable Grower 67(4):16-20. Also published online at GrowingProduce.com URL: www.growingproduce.com/vegetables/field-scouting-guide-gummy-stem-blight/
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Keinath, A. P., and Miller, G. A. Revised 2019. Watermelon Spray Guide for 2019. Clemson Univ. Coop. Extension HOR 01. URL: http://www.clemson.edu/extension/publications/files/horticulture/HOR01-watermelon-fungicide-guide.pdf
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Keinath, A. P. Revised 2019. Cucurbit Downy Mildew Management for 2019. Clemson Univ. Coop. Extension HOR 05. URL: http://www.clemson.edu/extension/publications/files/horticulture/hor05-curcubit-downy-mildew.pdf
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Keinath, A., and Miller, C. 2019. Testing What Controls Downy Mildew in Cucumbers and What Doesnt. American Vegetable Grower 67(5):8-9.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Schmidt-Jeffris, R.A. and M.A. Cutulle. 2019. Non-target effects of herbicides on Tetranychus urticae and its predator, Phytoseiulus persimilis: implications for biological control. Pest Management Science. Doi:10.1002/ps.5443
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Kemble, J. M., Meadows, I. M., Jennings, K. M., and Walgenbach, J. F., ed. Revised 2019. Southeastern U.S. Vegetable Crop Handbook. (Contributor). http://www.growingproduce.com/southeasternvegetablecrophandbook/
|
Progress 09/01/17 to 08/31/18
Outputs
Target Audience:Target audiences include producers of the following commodities: commercial stone fruit and small fruit, field and row crops, horticultural crops including vegetables and ornamentals, commercial beekeepers and the general public. Target audiences also included landscape care professionals, arborists, municipal ground managers, Master Gardeners and home gardeners. Other training participants included Extension agents, state and local government representatives including NRCS and FSA employees, agricultural industry representatives, and representatives from non-profit agricultural organizations and students. Undergraduate and graduate students were involved in the project and gained experience in IPM. Efforts were made to engage under-served audiences in the training programs including women, minority and veteran farmers. Changes/Problems:There were only a few minor changes in planned EIP project activities during the reporting period. A qualified postdoctoral research associate was successfully identified and recruited to work on the Peanut IPM database project (Agronomic Crops). However, due to unforeseen circumstances the research associate left Clemson University to accept a position at a different institution before they could make substantial contributions to this project. A search is currently underway for another post-doctoral scientist to work on the project, and we expect the project to proceed according to schedule. During the 2017 field season, there was a significant crop loss of up to 90% in the southeastern peach industry resulting from cold weather. Because there was no significant peach crop, growers did not experience thrips injury and therefore only one training event on thrips biology and management was conducted during the first year of the project. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Fruit IPM One undergraduate student and one technical support staff member were trained on peach production and insect pest management. Each of them worked approximately 4 months on this project. A second undergraduate student will be trained in the second year of this project. That student along with the technician will work approximately 6 months on this project in the upcoming year. Vegetable IPM Danielle Lewis, M.S. student in the Entomology graduate program at Clemson University, is part-time on this project, working 0.1 month. She will demonstrate her ongoing trial on effects of cover crops and organic herbicides on pest management outcomes (insects and weeds) at a field day at the Coastal Research and Education Center on June 6, 2018. John Coffey is a part time technician on the project, working 0.1 month. In Year 2 the following graduate students plan to work part time on the project (0.1 month each): Danielle Lewis, John Coffey, Paul Bergeron, and Hayley Bush. They will give at least 1 grower presentation per person and assist with demonstration plots to be used in grower field days. The following technicians will also work part time to assist with Extension demonstration field plots (0.1 month each): Dara Madden, Gabriela Sinclair, Suzanna Ellison. Gabriel Rennberger, Ph.D. student in the Plant and Environmental Sciences graduate program at Clemson University, will present the results of his field survey of ascospore dispersal of the gummy stem blight fungus (Stagonosporopsis citrulli) at a field day at the Coastal Research and Education Center on June 6, 2018 (0.1 month) Sean Toporek, M.S. student in the Plant and Environmental Sciences graduate program at Clemson University, will present the results of his survey of Pythium on cucurbits at a field day at the Coastal Research and Education Center on June 6, 2018 (0.1 month). Graduate student Danielle Lewis was extensively trained in weed identification through the use of the Weed Garden (0.1 month). Technician Tyler Campbell worked part time (1.0 month) to learn weed ID techniques and can assist growers with weed ID. David Robb, a PhD student in the Plant & Environmental Sciences Department, devoted approximately 3 months to the project, primarily in establishing and maintaining cover crop and no-till vegetable plots for demonstration, and also gave presentations on his cover crop research at two workshops held during the first project year. He will continue to be similarly involved in Year 2. Landscape and Nursery IPM A technician (0.2 FTE) assisted with development of the scale insect IPM website and collection of scale-related resources for the website database. Agronomic Crop IPM A qualified postdoctoral research associate at Clemson University was successfully identified and recruited to work on the Peanut Disorder Image Database project. However, due to unforeseen circumstances arose, the postdoctoral research associate in question has resigned from Clemson University to accept a position at a different university. A search is underway for another postdoctoral research associate who once in place will continue work on the project as scheduled. A field technician (non-student) assisted with field trials to evaluate and demonstrate IPM strategies for field corn and sorghum, and assisted with logistics for Extension training events including field days (0.25 FTE). How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results of applied IPM research, IPM recommendations and additional information are disseminated to stakeholders through a combination of face-to-face training events and Extension resources that are available at no cost online and via smart-phone applications. The focus is on hands-on, experiential learning through in-field demonstrations. Additional details are provided in the 'Other Products' section above. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Specialty Crop IPM (Peach and Small Fruit) Two training events will be organized in late winter/early spring of the upcoming year dedicated to thrips identification, monitoring, and management. At the beginning of each event participants will complete questionnaires to assess their ability to identify thrips and damage, whether they have experienced problems with thrips in their orchards, and their strategies for management including insecticide use. We will continue to update the "MyIPM" Smartphone app to include pest management recommendations and changes in pesticide regulations. We will conduct a fruit IPM training workshop in October of 2018 in Clemson to update existing content and to add new content to the MyIPM Smartphone app for all fruit crops and disciplines. We will continue to serve our stakeholders with critical, science-based information they can use to avoid ineffective fungicide applications and improve disease resistance and disease management programs. During summer 2018, blackberry cultivar performance with regard to insect pest susceptibility will be assessed. The trial will include 11 cultivars at the Clemson Musser Fruit Research Farm and three commercial farms located in the Upstate of South Carolina. Specialty Crop IPM (Landscape and Nursery Ornamental IPM) At least one half-day workshop and multiple 1-hour presentations on scale insect identification and management will be conducted for growers and Extension agents in Year 2. The PI will develop additional scale insect profiles and management guidelines to be included in the scale insect IPM website that will be developed as part of this project to serve as a clearinghouse on scale IPM information including images of key scale insects and damage. Efforts will also be made to develop an identification portal on the website where users can submit scale images for identification and management recommendations. Specialty Crop IPM (Vegetable IPM) The Weed Scientist Dr. Cutelle will organize interactive on-farm demonstrations for growers showing the influence of cover crops on weed suppression. Results of field trials to evaluate interactive effects of cover crops and organic herbicides on weed control will be summarized and presented to growers in spring of 2019. Development of a weed ID website will begin in January of 2019 and will also be used to promote weed management training events. We will offer two in-field trainings in Year 2 focused on field diagnosis, monitoring and management of key diseases and insect pests of key vegetables in two different locations. We will also provide training at separate vegetable grower meetings and the annual field day hosted at CREC. In addition we plan to organize two workshops on weed management including on ID of key weed species and on use of cover cropping and no-till practices for weed management in vegetables. South Carolina State collaborators will continue to assist limited resource, minority farmers with adoption of vegetable IPM strategies via farm field days and tours of demonstration plots and at grower meetings. Agronomic Crop IPM Field trials are planned to evaluate insect pest management strategies to continually refine management recommendations for growers. We will use larger plots this year to better capture the value of natural enemies. Both early and late planted corn trials will be planted with Bt and non-Bt near-isolines. Also during Year 2, additional trainings on use of the thrips Infestation Prediction Tool will be offered as portions of field day presentations and in-field scouting schools. Development of the mobile app "Identify My Bug" will also continue. For the Peanut IPM component, efforts will be done to expand the peanut disease image database showing healthy and diseased plants, and to organize the images by disease and symptom. Initial work in model development will focus on factors demonstrating visual foliar damage. From the image database generated as a part of this project, a subset of imagery is being established providing individual peanut leaflet images. The envisioned product of this work will include an interface (e.g., a webpage or mobile app) whereby users can submit digital images for analysis and be provided with a ranked likelihood of associated, with percent likelihood provided for each factor. Pollinator Health IPM Objective 1. A second training for veterinarians will take place, in line with the year 1 training. Surveys of previous attendees as well as of the beekeeping community will allow the impact of the training to be measured and efforts will be adjusted as needed. Since the bulk of the work in creating the curriculum will happen for year 1, year 2 will be smoother and more time will be spent on improving the program and achieving better coverage of participants across the state to assist the statewide beekeeping community. Objective 2. Classroom sessions on Varroa mite and hive beetle IPM will occur at the local club level. The SC beekeepers association summer beekeeping meeting in year 2 will occur in a different region of the state from the meeting in year 1. This will facilitate the exposure and training of more beekeepers in understanding IPM for Varroa and how their actions affect neighboring beekeepers. The number of interested beekeepers in year 1 will assist with planning sessions for year 2 since class size in the field needs to be limited for effective learning. Objective 3. Year 2 programming will be similar to year 1's but with more emphasis on groups that were not targeted (such as pesticide applicators) and with the expectation that the trained Extension agents put on pollinator programming of their own. I envision there being just as much, if not more, interest in planting for pollinators so year 2 will include at least one program in Clemson and one at the Pee Dee Research Center in another region of the state. Providing habitat and food resources for pollinators across the state will help ensure a strong pollinator population for the pollination of crops and other plants that provide seed or forage for wildlife. The Pee Dee REC can also serve as a training location for pesticide applicators who want hands-on experience with bees. With more pesticide applicators attending programming, more will be aware of Clemson's Bee Stewardship program, which they can use before a pesticide application to notify beekeepers to close up or move their hives. Beekeeping trainings for pesticide applicators will also increase their knowledge of bee biology and how their pesticide applications can impact managed and wild pollinators. Personnel from Clemson University's Department of Pesticide Regulation will be involved to help remind applicators of safe and appropriate pesticide use and of any upcoming regulatory changes. This increased awareness should decrease exposure to pesticides and accidental bee kills.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Specialty Crop IPM (Peach and Small Fruit) As of May 17, 2018 the Peach and Small Fruit IPM team have provided fungicide resistance monitoring service to 24 farms in 6 states. The results along with profile-specific disease management recommendations for each farm was communicated to all participating growers and Extension agents via email. Traps to monitor thrips in southeastern peaches were deployed at four peach orchards. A substantial abundance of thrips were collected, but due to the loss in crop, we were unable to relate the number of thrips collected to crop injury. The "MyIPM" Smartphone app was updated with new features, including the ability to choose and download crops and pests of interest, and pesticide risk values. Since its release the newly updated MyIPM app has had 746 downloads with a total of 1,003 updates. The PIs demonstrated the MyIPM app at seven grower-focused meetings where 51 growers completed surveys indicating that a majority had previously used the app. Of those users, 65% agreed that the app has helped them manage pests and 70% agreed that the app has increased their knowledge of pests and IPM. A workshop on blackberry cultivar performance including disease and insect pest tolerance was held at the Musser Fruit Farm in January 2018. Blackberry season has not yet begun at the writing of this report. On-farm trials to evaluate different blackberry cultivars for yield and tolerance to disease and insect pests will begin in June 2018. Specialty Crop IPM (Vegetables) A major focus of the vegetable IPM training program over the past year was on effective techniques for field diagnosis and monitoring of key diseases, insect pests and their natural enemies, and in strategies ecologically sound management. Please refer to the "Other Products" section for a listing of training events conducted during the report period. South Carolina State collaborators continued to provide classroom and in-field training in vegetable IPM strategies appropriate for limited resource, minority farmers. Training in weed management emphasized procedures for identification of weed species, and use of cover crops and no-till practices for weed management. PI Cutulle developed a "Weed Garden" that is being used for training clients in weed identification. Dr. Cutulle reports that misuse of herbicides is occurring less frequently as a result of the training. Dr. Cutulle and his staff conduct weekly weed ID sessions for Extension agents and vegetable growers who visit the weed ID lab. Specialty Crop IPM (Landscape and Nursery Ornamentals) Information on biology, behavior and management for 14 armored and soft scale species has been developed and published in Extension IPM guides for scale management. Recommendations for management of mealybug and scale insects have been published in one trade journal magazine and in several grower newsletters. The PI organized three grower training workshops focused on IPM strategies for management of insect pests of nursery ornamentals during the project reporting period. Agronomic Crop IPM (Corn, Cotton, Peanut, Sorghum, Soybean) Training focused on events to communicate results of field research and research-based recommendations leading to adoption of more effective IPM strategies for key insect pests of agronomic crops. We also worked on development and promotion of new mobile smartphone apps to aid in ID of key diseases and insect pests important in agronomic crops. PI Reay-Jones conducted training for farmers and other industry leaders at one research center field day, one county grower meeting, and an invited presentation at a row crop short course. Results from two field trials to evaluate and compare Bt and non-Bt corn hybrids for worm control was also disseminated to growers. Results of a variety trial in grain sorghum indicated that susceptible varieties had a significant yield loss (average of 92%) under high pressure, whereas three tolerant varieties had no significant yield loss. Results of another field trial in sorghum shown to growers at a field day in 2017 showed that the decision to plant a grain sorghum hybrid that is tolerant to sugarcane aphids meant that no insecticide was needed and no measurable yield loss occurred. As a result, we developed grower recommendations to minimize both yield loss and the need to use an insecticide by selecting tolerant hybrid varieties of sorghum. Growers and other stakeholders were provided with information about how to use a new online tool for predicting thrips injury in cotton that was developed and refined with applied research data from work conducted at Clemson University. The tool is available at: http://climate.ncsu.edu/CottonTIP Work in Peanut IPM focused on development of the mobile Smartphone app to aid in identifying symptoms of disease and abiotic disorders of peanut. Efforts were begun to amass an image database and to recruit qualified personnel to perform image recognition algorithm optimization. A growing collection of more than 548 images has been gathered and categorized according to relevant symptomology to facilitate algorithm development. A qualified postdoctoral research associate at Clemson University was successfully identified and recruited to work on this project. However, due to unforeseen external circumstances this person is no longer available for the project. Aside from this minor setback, the project is scheduled to proceed according to schedule provided an alternative qualified postdoctoral research associate can be identified, for which search efforts have already commenced. IPM for Pollinator Health Activities under Objective 1 have not yet occurred but will take place in late May, 2018. The classroom training and hands-on apiary session will educate veterinarians on understanding the veterinary feed directive for bees and beekeepers, basic honey bee biology, bee diseases, basic hive terminology, working with beekeepers, preparing to inspect a hive. PI Tsuruda has given several presentations at local beekeeping clubs about Varroa mite and integrated management under Objective 2, with 125+ contact hours so far, and at least 100 more to come before the end of year 1. Attendees learned the biology of the mite, the pros and cons of different IPM methods and how to improve efficacy (e.g. combining techniques), the importance of not ignoring Varroa infestation, and the importance of monitoring. Results of a beekeeper survey representing over 100 hives indicated that, if properly monitored and managed for Varroa mites, the risk of re-infestation and viral transmission will be drastically decreased. For Objective 3, a series of training workshops and public discussion were conducted to educate participants about the value of pollinators, how their activities may influence pollinator populations, and why habitat protection and enhancement are important. Selected Extension agents have been surveyed for frequently asked questions about pollinators for an upcoming train-the-trainer program that will focus on pollinator biology and habitat conservation for pollinators. To assist growers and stakeholders who are not necessarily beekeepers, presentations have been given to the SC Mosquito Control Association and the SC Vegetation Management Association (SCVMA) on the importance of IPM and minimizing the risk of pesticides to honey bees. At the SCVMA conference, no one in the audience knew if/how herbicides impact honey bees so the 100+ attendees all learned from my presentation on how herbicides can be detrimental to pollinators and the steps that can be taken to prevent losses. A specific effort was made toward educating youth. PI Tsuruda conducted two sessions on the importance of pollinators for girls aged 6-11 years. Pollinator forage plots have been planted in different settings for demonstration - cover crops, wildflower plots, forest prairies, as well as habitat and forage for monarchs.
Publications
- Type:
Book Chapters
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Greene, J. K., J. Baum, E. P. Benson, C. S. Bundy, W. A. Jones, G. Kennedy, J. E. McPherson, F. R. Musser, F. Reay-Jones, M. D. Toews, and J. F. Walgenbach. 2018. General Insect Management, pp. 729-774, In J. E. McPherson (ed.), Invasive Stink Bugs and Related Species (Pentatomoidea): Biology, Higher Systematics, Semiochemistry, and Management, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 819 pp. + 24 color plates.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Stubbins, F. L., P. L. Mitchell, M.W. Turnbull, F. P. F. Reay-Jones, and J. K. Greene. 2017. Mouthpart morphology and feeding behavior of the invasive kudzu bug, Megacopta cribraria (Hemiptera: Plataspidae). Invertebrate Biology 136(3): 309-320.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Reay-Jones, F. P. F., J. K. Greene, D. A. Herbert, A. L. Jacobson, G. G. Kennedy, D. D. Reisig, and P. M. Roberts. 2017. Within-Plant Distribution and Dynamics of Thrips Species (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Cotton. J. Econ. Entomol. 110(4): 1563-1575.
https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/tox131
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Lampson, B. D., A. Khalilian, J. K. Greene, Y. J. Han, and D. C. Degenhardt. 2017. Development of a Portable Electronic Sensor for Detection of Megacopta cribraria (Hemiptera: Plataspidae). Journal of Advances in Entomol. 5(3): 75-86.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Kerns, C., J. K. Greene, F. Reay-Jones, P. M. Roberts, A. L. Jacobson, D. Reisig, A. Herbert, and S. Taylor. 2018. Effects of planting date and variety on thrips populations and injury to cotton in the southeastern United States, pp. 655-666. In Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Production Conferences, National Cotton Council of America, Nashville, TN.
Greene, J. K. and F. Reay-Jones. 2018. Revisiting potential use of pheromone traps to help predict issues with bollworm in the field, p. 699. In Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Production Conferences, National Cotton Council of America, Nashville, TN.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Robb, D., Zehnder, G., Kloot, R., Bridges, W., & Park, D. (2018). Weeds, nitrogen and yield: Measuring the effectiveness of an organic cover cropped vegetable no-till system. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems, 1-8. doi:10.1017/S1742170517000795
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Kemble, J. M., Meadows, I. M., Jennings, K. M., and Walgenbach, J. F., ed. Revised 2018. Southeastern U.S. Vegetable Crop Handbook. (Schmidt-Jeffris Contributor).
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Keinath, A. P. Revised 2018. Cucurbit Downy Mildew Management for 2018. Clemson Univ. Coop. Extension HOR 05.
Keinath, A. P. Revised 2018. Managing Phytophthora capsici Diseases on Vegetables. Clemson Univ. Coop. Extension HOR 06.
Keinath, A. P., and Miller, G. A. Revised 2018. Watermelon Spray Guide for 2018. Clemson Univ. Coop. Extension HOR 01.
Keinath, A. P. Revised 2017. Controlling Bacterial Spot on Tomato and Pepper. Clemson Univ. Coop. Extension HOR 04.
Keinath, A. P. 2017. Managing Southern Blight on Vegetable Crops. Clemson Univ. Coop. Extension HOR 03.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Robayo Camacho, E., J.-H. Chong, S. K. Braman, S. D. Frank, and P. B. Schultz. 2017. Life History of Parthenolecanium spp. (Hemiptera: Coccidae) in urban landscapes of the southeastern United States. Journal of Economic Entomology 110: 1668-1675.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Chong, J. H. 2018. Solutions for scale insects and waterborne diseases. Grower Talks PestTalks newsletter. 9 May 2018. https://www.growertalks.com/Newsletters/View/?article=2537
Chong, J. H. 2018. Online education, spring diseases and the biggest acquisition ever! GrowerTalks PestTalks newsletter. 24 April 2018. https://www.growertalks.com/Newsletters/View/?article=2519
Chong, J.-H. 2018. Research says mealybugs can be managed. GrowerTalks. January 2018, pp. 78, 80, 82. https://www.growertalks.com/Article/?articleid=23424
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Reay-Jones, F.P.F. 2018. Corn insect control, pp. 56-77. 2018 Pest Management Handbook for Field Crops. Clemson Extension.
Reay-Jones, F.P.F. 2018. Sorghum insect control, pp. 164-171. 2018 Pest Management Handbook for Field Crops. Clemson Extension.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Reisig, D. D., A. S. Huseth, J. S. Bacheler, M.-Amir, Aghaee, L. Braswell, H. J. Burrack, K. Flanders, J. K. Greene, D. A. Herbert, A. Jacobson, S. V. Paula-Moraes, P. M. Roberts, and S. V. Taylor. 2018. Long-term empirical and observational evidence of practical Helicoverpa zea resistance to cotton with pyramided Bt toxins. J. Econ. Entomol. 16 April 2018
https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/toy106 or
https://academic.oup.com/jee/advance-article/doi/10.1093/jee/toy106/4970883?guestAccessKey=9465be26-a416-41b9-958a-5ea680c8ff97
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Wei-zhen Liang, Kendall R. Kirk, and Jeremy K. Greene. 2018. Estimation of soybean leaf area, edge, and defoliation using color image analysis. Journal of Computers and Electronics in Agriculture. 150: 41-51. https://authors.elsevier.com/c/1WtGFcFCSBlIB or
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2018.03.021
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Wang, H., G. Kennedy, F. P. F. Reay-Jones, D. R. Reisig, M. D. Toews, P. M. Roberts, D. A. Herbert, S. Taylor. A. L. Jacobson, and J. K. Greene. 2018. Molecular identification of thrips species infesting cotton in the southeastern USA. J. Econ. Entomol. 111(2): 892-898. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/toy036
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