Progress 09/01/17 to 08/31/21
Outputs
Target Audience:The target audience for this project included Bay Mills Community College students, graduate and undergraduate students from partnering Michiganuniversities, community college faculty and staff, local youth including a majority of tribal members, tribal and local community members, tribal environmental agencies throughout the Great Lakes region, and other professionals in the field of environmental sciences and toxicology. The research team reached out to and communicated with these groups in a variety of ways. Please see the "Accomplishments" section of this report to find out how project details have been dissmenated to these community stakeholders. Changes/Problems:The COVID-19 pandemic halted sampling and analysis during much of 2020, and drastically altered the remainder of the project. The research team was awarded a 1-year no-cost extension to complete goals. Outreach was re-designed and focused primarily on production of Fact Sheets and educational videos. During the project duration, PFAS in Lake Superior became an alarming concern. In fact, state health departments in Michigan and Wisconsinhave placed consumption advisories on lake smelt. In response, our team requested and was granted permission to refocus efforts. We added PFAS to our list of "Chemicals of Emerging Concern".? What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Throughout the project, a myriad of training opportunities were provided to students and researghers. Two BMCC students were trained in freshwater mussel identification through Central Michigan University. A total of five BMCC students were training in sample collection, sample prep, chemical analysis, microscopy, general laboratory methodologies, dataset creation and analysis, and presentation skills. BMCC students were exposed to state-of-the-art analysis equipment at Lake Superior State University's Environmental Analysis Lab and Wayne State University's Lumigen Instrument Center. Local workshops for students and team members included the Michigan Tribal Environmental Group annual meeting and a Tribal Adaptation Workshop addressing climate issues in Indian Country. The team participated in a number of webinars such as ESRI's PFAS Webmapper and the EPS's webinar on GenX Chemical Human Health Toxicity Assessment. BMCC students produced a total of 4 international, 4 national, and 3 regional presentations at scientific conferences. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Five BMCC students were employed as student researchers on this project. Posters created by these student researchers have been hung in BMCCs halls for others to read. Goals and data have been shared with BMCC students in environmental science, chemistry, and biology courses throughout the project's entirety. Chemical classes, exposures, and watershed management information gained from this project have been used as examples in a number of class discussions within environmental science courses. Likewise, our datasets have provided a locally relevant resource for graphing and statistical analysis lessons. The team partnered with Lake Superior State University and Wayne State University for sample analysis. BMCC students were able to interact with LSSU students during sample prep and analysis, and 2 LSSU (undergraduate) students gained experience using our samples in pesticide analysis. Likewise, our samples were analyzed for PPCPs by 2 WSU students (1 undergraduate, 1 post-doc). These 2 WSU students also visiting BMCC campus and conducted field work with our students. The project goals and progress have been presented to 1862 institution faculty and staff through faculty and departmental meetings and updates. Limited hands-on experience has been shared across curriculum with Bay Mills Community College faculty and staff. The project goals and outcomes were also discussed with faculty from other TCUs (Keweenaw Bay Ojibwa Community College). Area youth (majority Tribal members) benefitted from the project in a number of ways. Activities included hands-on work in finding and identifying micro/plastics in locally collected soil and sediments, an introduction to effects of acidification on freshwater mollusk shells. For these, two lesson plans were created and published on BMCCs Research and Special Projects webpage (https://www.bmcc.edu/nifa-research-grant).The research team hosted lessons during the Brimley Boys and Girls Club annual summer science camp. Members of the research team attended, presented, and held lessons at JKL Bawheting Academy, a Tribally controlled charter elementary school. Lesson plans described above were adjusted to age-appropriateness and used within this group of students. The team reached out to the local/Tribal community by attending and representing a three regional farmer's markets, during which time freshwater mussel information was displayed. The team hosted a STEM activity booth at a Tribal Family Day (Chi Mukwa Recreation Center, Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians). Project goals and preliminary information was further conveyed through media press releases via Michigan State University's Michigan Sea Grant, which were published in at least 3 local news outlets. Our research goals and preliminary data were shared with area Tribal environmental professionals at the Michigan Tribal Environmental Group (MTEG) June 6, 2019 annual meeting. This presentation can be accessed here: ttps://www.bmcc.edu/sites/default/files/mteg_june_2019.pdf. A final data technical report is scheduled to be presented to the Bay Mills Indian Community Board members. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Specific Aim 1: Identification and quantification of personal care products within Waishkey Bay Initial investigation of specific aim 1 began during fall of 2017. Surface water samples were collected from four locations and analyzed by partners at Wayne State University, Lumigen Instrument Center (LIC) for 24 personal care products/pharmaceuticals, including a subset of endocrine disruptors: acetaminophen, caffeine, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin HCl, triclosan, carbamazepine, erythromycin, fluoxetine HCl, Naproxen, estriol, bisphenol-A, equilin, 4-androstene-3,17-dione, estrone, 17-beta-estradiol, 17-alpha-ethynylestradiol, testosterone, 4-tert-octylphenol, 4-tertoctylphenol-di-ethoxylate, iso-nonylphenol, iso-nonylphenol-di-ethoxylate, 4-nonylphenol, and metformin. The original goal of this sampling initiative was to grasp the abundance of these chemicals, and choose a subset of 5 for further investigation within surface water and sediment from 10 sample locations during the summer of 2018. However, in working closely with the LIC, we were able to analyze all chemicals again, in both media from the increased number of sample sites. PPCPs should continue to be monitored. Specific Aim 2: Identification and quantification of pesticides within Waishkey Bay Initial investigation of specific aim 1 began during fall of 2017. Surface water samples were collected from four locations and analyzed by partners at Lake Superior State University's Environmental Analysis Lab (EAL) for 72 pesticides and semi-volatile organic chemicals: Acenaphthene, acenaphthylene, aniline, Anthracene, Azobenzene, Benz(a)anthracene, Benzo(a)pyrene, Benzo(b)fluoranthene, Benzo(ghi)perylene, Benzo(k)fluoranthene, Benzyl butyl phthalate, Bis(2-chloroethoxy)methane, Bis(2- chloroethyl)ether, Bis(2-ethylhexyl)adipate, Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, 4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether, Carbazole, 4- Chloroaniline, 4-Chloro-3-methylphenol, 2-Chloronaphthalene, 2-Chlorophenol, 4-Chlorophenyl phenyl ether, Chrysene, Dibenz(a,h)anthracene, Dibenzofuran, 1,2-Dichlorobenzene, 1,3-Dichlorobenzene, 1,4-Dichlorobenzene, 2,4-Dichlorophenol, Diethylphthalate, 2,4-Dimethylphenol, Dimethylphthalate, Di-n-butyl phthalate, 1,2-Dinitrobenzene, 1,3-Dinitrobenzene, 1,4- Dinitrobenzene, 4,6-Dinitro-2-methylphenol (Dinitro-o-cresol), 2,4-Dinitrophenol, 2,4-Dinitrotoluene, 2,6-Dinitrotoluene, Di-noctyl phthalate, Diphenylamine, Fluoranthene, Fluorene, Hexachlorobenzene, Hexachlorobutadiene, Hexachlorocyclopentadiene, Hexachloroethane, Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene, Isophorone, 1-Methylnaphthalene, 2- Methylnaphthalene, 2-Methylphenol (o-cresol), 3-Methylphenol (m-cresol), 4-Methylphenol (p-cresol), Naphthalene, 2- Nitroaniline, 3-Nitroaniline, 4-Nitroaniline, Nitrobenzene, 2-Nitrophenol, 4-Nitrophenol, N-Nitrosodimethylamine, N-Nitroso-din-propylamine, 2,2'-Oxybis(1-chloropropane), Pentachlorophenol, Phenanthrene, Phenol, Pyrene, Pyridine, 2,3,4,6- Accession No. 1013658 Project No. Tetrachlorophenol, 2,3,5,6-Tetrachlorophenol, 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene, 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol, 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol. Again, the goal of the initial sampling effort was to identify a subset of 5 pesticides of interest for more in-depth analysis during summer of 2018. Likewise, in working closely with the EAL, we were able to analyze the full suite of chemicals during both investigations. Pesticide contamination should continue to be monitored. Specific Aim 3: Quantification of microplastics within the bay Sediment was collected from four sites during the fall of 2017, and from 10 sites during both spring and summer of 2018. Samples have been analyzed following National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Laboratory Methods for the Analysis of Microplastics in the Marine Environment: Recommendations for Quantifying Synthetic Particles in Waters and Sediments (2015). In short, samples were dried to constant weight, and fractioned using stainless steel sieves. Each fraction underwent peroxidation digestion for the breakdown of organic debris prior to being inspected for plastics content via microscopy. Further, water samples were collected using a Nueston net while recording stream flow. This type of net is specially designed to limit microplastic contamination of the samples. Sample collection was not possible at 2 of 10 sites, due to low water levels. These two streams did not have enough water volume to pass through the netting mechanism. A density separator was used to float microplastics after peroxidation. Specific Aim 4: Inventory freshwater mussel species The team initially identified two mussel species present including the giant floater (Pyganodon grandis), and the unexpected cylindrical papershell (Anodontoides ferussacianus). The team further investigated the abundance of freshwater mussel species within the watershed, and found presence of an additional species: fatmucket (Lampsilis powellii). A subsample of the inventory was collected for chemical analyte analysis. Biological measures were recorded for remaining individuals prior to release. Specific Aim 5 Addendum: Investigation of Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in the Waishkey Bay and Biota Due to immediately alarming concern of PFAS in the Great Lakes, the team was granted permission to add PFAS to our focused list of Chemicals of Emerging Concern for this project. 10 water samples were analyzed for 18 PFAS analytes. 130 total tissue samples were analyzed for up to 45 PFAS analytes. Among these tissue samples, 17 species were represented including fatmucket (freshwater mussel), walleye, northern pike, yellow perch, tadpole, zooplankton, smelt, pink salmon, leech, lake whitefish, lake trout, Johnny darter, grouse, dragonfly larva, creek chub, central mudminnow, and blacknose dace. Among these, vertebrate specimen samples were donated by anglers and commercial fisherman for consumptive purposes or were caught by local agencies for other purposes and donated to our group. The team worked with these partners prior to sample collection to ensure proper handling of tissue.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Preville, J. Elrod, J. Cryderman, D. Wesolek, B. Maccoux-Leduc, A. Emerging and Legacy Pesticide Contamination in the Waishkey Bay, Michigan. Poster presented at The 3rd Biennial Anishinaabe Inendamowin Research Symposium, Sault Ste. Marie, ONT, CA. 29 January 2018
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Elrod, J. Preville, J. Cryderman, D. Wesolek, B. Maccoux-Leduc, A. Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in the Waishkey Bay, MI. Poster presented at The 3rd Biennial Anishinaabe Inendamowin Research Symposium, Sault Ste. Marie, ONT, CA. 29 January 2018
|
Progress 09/01/20 to 08/31/21
Outputs
Target Audience:Due to COVID restrictions, the research team was unable to attend youth events or enter K-12 schools for outreach. Rather, short informational videos were created to share with area educators.? Changes/Problems:PFAS in Lake Superior smelt have emerged as a major concern. So much so, that state health departments in Michigan and Wisconsin have instated consumption advisories. As such, the research team requested and was granted permission to add PFAS as a primary focus within the emerging chemicals of concern listed within the original award proposal. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Team members were able to participate in a number of web-base workshops and webinars. Examples include a webinar showcasing ESRI's PFAS Webmappers adn the EPA's webinar on GenX Chemicals Human Health Toxicity Assesment, and review of documents such as the EPA's Key Steps to Advance Science, Better Protect Communities from PFAS Polltuion, How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Factsheets and a StoryMap have been created for general use. These can be accessed on the BMCC Research and Special Projcts page:https://www.bmcc.edu/nifa-research-grant. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
The current reporting year was conducted under a no-cost extension due to COVID-related sampling and outreach issues. Within the reporting timeframe, PFAS in Lake Superior smelt have emerged as a major concern. So much so, that state health departments in Michigan and Wisconsin have instated consumption advisories. As such, the research team requested and was granted permission to add PFAS as a primary focus within the emerging chemicals of concern listed within the original award proposal. In this reporting year, the team collected 180 aquatic biota samples for PFAS analysis. Fish samples were donated by area agencies and anglers. Invertebrate samples were collected and donatedby the Bay Mills Biological Services. Of the 180 samples, 60 were smelt. The remainder of samples represented multiple trophic levels throughout the Lake Superior foodweb. Samples were shipped to and analyzed by Vista Analytical, CA.
Publications
|
Progress 09/01/19 to 08/31/20
Outputs
Target Audience:The goals of the project and preliminary data have been shared with BMCC students, faculty, and staff. Additionally, these items have been shared throughout the BMIC tribal community at large via the Bay Mills Biolgical Services monthly newsletter.During the 2019-2020 academic year, 2 students have participated in all aspects of sample collection and storage, laboratory preparation and analysis of samples, data management and analysis, and communication efforts. These students each presented research findings at 3 separate, high-level research conference. On the regional level, students participated in poster presentations at the State of Lake Huron annual conference (Saginaw, MI, Oct 9-11, 2019). On the national and inter-national levels, these two students presented at the USDA NIFA First American Land-Grand Consortium (Denver, CO, Oct 25-28, 2019), and at the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry North American 40th Annual Meeting (Toronto, ON, CA, Nov 3-7, 2019). Additionally, the project funded attendance of Bay Mills Biological Services members to the aforementioned conferences. One BMCC faculty has gained training in sample preparatory protocols for perfluoroalkyl substances. Changes/Problems:Spring 2020 sampling and analysis was not performed, as COVID-19 restricted in-person work at BMIC. Additionally, outreach and community activities were cancelled. Sampling can be performed during the 1-year no-cost extension period. Outreach will be restructured in the form of educational pod cast videos, interactive Google slides, Story Maps, and Breafing Papers/Fact Sheets. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Student researchers during this reporting period presented research findings at 3 conferences, ranging from regional to international levels. Students learn sample collection, laboratory protocals, data management, data analysis for all data. The team refined microplastics density separation. Procurement of a Direct Mercury Analyzer, allowed use of this machine for encorporation in this project to train students on mercury analysis and creation of standard curve. One BMCC faculty has gained training ins samle preparatory protocosl for perfluoroalkyl substances. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Partners at Bay Mills Biological Services report preliminary data in monthly a newsletter to the BMIC community. Student researchers presented to the academic and envrionmental communities through 3 conference: State of Lake Huron Annual Conference (regional), NIFA FIrst American Land-Grant Consortium Conference (National), and the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry North America 40th Annual Meeting (international). Findings are also posted on the BMCC website. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Continue data analysis. COVID-19 has required that we restructure comminications and outreach, as discussed in the Changes/Problems section of this report.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Under specific aims 1-3, the project team continued summer collection of environmental media (surface water, sediment) and initiated partnership to collect samples of biota. These biota were focused on sport angler and subsistence species, mainly of predetory trophic levels. Fish samples were collected from filets of fish caught for management and research purposed otherwise underway and Bay Mills Biological Services, and no vertebrates were sacrificed for this project. A limited sample of mussels species, common names Giant Floater and Fat Mucket, were collected for PFAS and pesticide analysis (n=10). Chemical analyses were performed onenvironmental and biota samples, to quantify concentrations of PFAS, pesticides, mercury, and microplastics.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
McGlinch, A. Napoletano, D. Wesolek, B. Maccaux-LeDuc, A. McKenzie, D. Investigation of Per- and Plyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS in Environmental Samples. Presented at the State of Lake Huron Annual Conference, Saginaw, MI, OCt 9-11, 2019
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Napoletano, D. McGlinch, A. Wesolek, B. Maccaux-LeDuc, A. McKenzie, D. Microplastics and the Effects on Mussel Life of the Waishkey Bay, Brimley, MI. Presented at the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry North America 40th Annual Meeting, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, November 3-7, 2019
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
McGlinch, A. Napoletano, D. Wesolek, B. Maccaux-LeDuc, A. McKenzie, D. Emerging and Legacy Pesticide Contamination in Waishkey Bay, Brimley, Michigan.Poster presented at NIFA FALCON, Denver, CO, Oct 25-28, 2019
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Napoletano, D. McGlinch, A. Wesolek, B. Maccaux-LeDuc, A. McKenzie, D. Microplastics in the Waishkey Bay Watershed: Implications for a Great Lakes Anishinaabe Community. Poster presented at NIFA FALCON, Denver, CO, Oct 25-28, 2019
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Napoletano, D. McGlinch, A. Wesolek, B. Maccaux-LeDuc, A. McKenzie, D.
Microplastics within the Waishkey Bay, Lake Huron Watershed. Presented at the State of Lake Huron Annual Conference, Saginaw, MI, OCt 9-11, 2019
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
McGlinch, A. Napoletano, D. Wesolek, B. Maccaux-LeDuc, A. McKenzie, D. Personal Care Products and Endocrine Disruptors of Emerging Concern in the
Waishkey Bay, Michigan: Implications for the Bay Mills Indian Community. Presented at the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry North America 40th Annual Meeting, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, November 3-7, 2019
|
Progress 09/01/18 to 08/31/19
Outputs
Target Audience: Bay Mills Community College students, including majority Tribal members To date, five BMCC students have been employed as student researchers on this project. Additionally, the project goals and preliminary results have been discussed as case study with on-campus courses such as Environmental Science, General Biology, and Introduction to Chemistry. 1862 Institutions faculty and staff Project goals, preliminary data, and limited hands-on experience has been shared across curriculum within Bay Mills Community College faculty and staff, as well as discussed with faculty from other TCUs (KBOCC). Michigan's Eastern Upper Peninsula community. Press media releases via Michigan State University's Michigan Sea Grant have been published in at least 3 local news outlets. Attendance and representation during a minimum of 3 regional farmers' markets- during which time freshwater mussel consumption surveys and interviews were held Local youth, including majority Tribal members Attending "Fish Week" at a local Tribally-chartered elementary and middle school (JKL Bawheting Academy). Lesson plans described above were adjusted to age-appropriateness and used within this group of students. : https://www.bmcc.edu/nifa-research-grant Provided informative STEM activity booth at Tribal Family Day (Chi Mukwa Recreation Center, Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians) Research community Presented work-to-date at Michigan Tribal Environmental Group (MTEG) meeting in platform session, June 6, 2019 Student poster presentations at FALCON 2018 Changes/Problems:During the first 2 rounds of sampling for contaminants in natural waters and sediment, we've demonstrated that only a few, if anyPPCPs may of great concern in the local watershed. During summer/fall 2018, Michigan DEQ published results of drinking water PFAS levels of conern in a community located within the Wiashkey Bay watershed. We propose to switch the currently sampling session analysis from PPCPs to PFAS, anther class of anthropogenic chemicals of emerging concern. This change is based upon current events and acknowledgements, as well as community concern. BMCC has recently purchased a Direct Mercury Analyzer (Milestone). With this increased capacity, the research team would like to analyze samples previously and concurrently collected in order to increase the number of chemical contaminatns investigate in this study. Moreover, training of students and staff on the equipment will increase with participation of this research team. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?In the previous year, two student workers have been training in mussel identification and collect, water and sediment sample collection and storage, microscopy, laboratory methodologies, and presentation skills. BMCC students have been exposed to equipment at Lake Superior State University's Environmental Analysis Lab. Student researchers have participated in trainings and workshops such as the Michigan Tribal Environmental Group workshop, and a Tribal Adaptation Workshop.Students attended the 2018 FALCON conference in Minneapolis, MN. Additional conference presentations are underway for the current fall. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The Michigan State University Sea Grant has aided the research team in addressing public relations. Since the first year of study, the project has been represented at a number of local public events including farmers markets and pow wows. Pamphlets have been created and distributed, and poster creation is underway. BMCC student researchers have presented data results to date a local, regional, and national presentations via poster sessions, as mentioned above. During spring 2019, the research team has reacahed out to local elementary schools and youth events. The project was represented at a local elemtnary school "Fish Week" during which the team held mini lesson plan sessions with students regarding freshwater mussles, microsplastics, and water contamination. The team alo provide hands-on STEM activities at a tribal youth Family Day, during which children were able to perform science experiments including identification of microplastics via microscopy. A website has been created for interested parties:https://www.bmcc.edu/nifa-research-grant What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Further analysis of each contaminant type within the foodweb has begun and will be wrapped up during winter 2019/2020. A freshwater mussel database will be updated and distributed to local stakeholders. The team will sort and correlate survey and interview data regarding freshwater mussel consumption. Upon local concern and request, the team has added perfluoroalkyl substances to our list of chemicals to test, and those efforts have begun within environmental media and biota samples. Additionally, BMCC has recently procured a direct mercury analyzer, and the team will therefore add mercury analysis to our list of chemical investigations.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Specific Aim 1: Identification and quantification of personal care products within Waishkey Bay. Under specific aim 1, the project continued to measure personal care product chemicals, including endocrine disruptors. Slightly deviating from the original plan, researchers were able to continue measurement of the full suite of 22 chemicals for the same price (original study design reflected in-depth analysis of only 3 chemicals). These measurements were expanded from surface waters in year one to surface waters and sediment in year two, and sample locations increased from 4 to 10 sites. Specific Aim 2: Identification and quantification of pesticides within Waishkey Bay During year one, the project team identified 3 pesticide/semi-volatile chemicals of interest for further in-depth quantification during year two. However, like PPCPs, year two analysis was conducted for the full suite of pesticide analytes (76). Surface water was collected and analyzed from 10 sample locations during two seasons, and sediment was collected and analyzed from the same sites during one season. Initial collection of biota for food web assessment is underway. Specific Aim 3: Quantification of microplastics within the bay Sediment and water were collected from 10 sites during summer 2018 and analysis continues on these samples. Water samples were collected using specially-designed netting, as to limit introduction of plastic fibers into samples. Methodologies for microplastics separation is underway for water samples, as the group has begun investigating the use of density separation. Separator design is expected to be complete during winter 2019/2020. Specific Aim 4: Inventory of freshwater mussel species The team further investigated the abundance of freshwater mussel species populations within the watershed. Thus far, giant floater (Pyganodon grandis), cyclidrical papershell (Anodontoides ferussacianus), and fatmucket (Lampsilis powellii) have been identified. A subsample of the inventory was collected for chemical analyte analysis (aims 1-3) while remaining individuals were released back into the wild after stats were recorded. Specific Aim 1: Identification and quantification of personal care products within Waishkey Bay. Under specific aim 1, the project continued to measure personal care product chemicals, including endocrine disruptors. Slightly deviating from the original plan, researchers were able to continue measurement of the full suite of 22 chemicals for the same price (original study design reflected in-depth analysis of only 3 chemicals). These measurements were expanded from surface waters in year one to surface waters and sediment in year two, and sample locations increased from 4 to 10 sites. Specific Aim 2: Identification and quantification of pesticides within Waishkey Bay During year one, the project team identified 3 pesticide/semi-volatile chemicals of interest for further in-depth quantification during year two. However, like PPCPs, year two analysis was conducted for the full suite of pesticide analytes (76). Surface water was collected and analyzed from 10 sample locations during two seasons, and sediment was collected and analyzed from the same sites during one season. Initial collection of biota for food web assessment is underway. Specific Aim 3: Quantification of microplastics within the bay Sediment and water were collected from 10 sites during summer 2018 and analysis continues on these samples. Water samples were collected using specially-designed netting, as to limit introduction of plastic fibers into samples. Methodologies for microplastics separation is underway for water samples, as the group has begun investigating the use of density separation. Separator design is expected to be complete during winter 2019/2020. Specific Aim 4: Inventory of freshwater mussel species The team further investigated the abundance of freshwater mussel species populations within the watershed. Thus far, giant floater (Pyganodon grandis), cyclidrical papershell (Anodontoides ferussacianus), and fatmucket (Lampsilis powellii) have been identified. A subsample of the inventory was collected for chemical analyte analysis (aims 1-3) while remaining individuals were released back into the wild after stats were recorded.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
McKenzie, D. Pesticides, PPCPs, and Plastics in Waishkey Bay, Michigan, Michigan Tribal Environmental Group Annual Meeting, June 6, 2019, Brimley, MI
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Elrod, J. Sangster, C. McKeznie, D. Wesolek, B. Maccoux-LeDuc, A. Emerging and Legacy Pesticide Contamination in Waishkey Bay, Brimley, Michigan. Poster presented at NIFA FALCON, Minneapolis MN, Nov 2018
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Sangster, C. Elrod, J. McKeznie, D. Wesolek, B. Maccoux-LeDuc, A. Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products of Emerging Concern in Waishkey Bay, Brimley, Michigan. Poster presented at NIFA FALCON, Minneapolis MN, Nov 2018
|
Progress 09/01/17 to 08/31/18
Outputs
Target Audience: Bay Mills Community Colelge students, including majority Tribal members To date, three BMCC students have been employed as student researchers on this project. Additionally, the project goals and preliminary results have been discussed as case study with on-campus courses such as Introduction to Chemistryand Environmental Science. Graduate and undergraduate students from other Michigan universities Experiences during sampling efforts and laboratory prep and analysis has been shared among BMCC student researchers (3 undergraduate), Wayne State University students (1 undergraduate, 1 post-doc), and Lake Superior State University students (2 undergraduates). 1862 Institions faculty and staff Project goals, preliminary data, and limited hands-on experience has been shared across curriculum within Bay Mills Community College facutly and staff. Michigan's Easter Upper Peninsula community at large Press media releasesviaMichigan State University's Michigan Sea Gran have been published in at least 2 local news outlets. Local youth, including majority Tribal members Hosted lessons duruing the Brimley Boys and Girls Club annual summer science camp (approximately 20 participants). Acitivites included hands-on work in finding and identifying micro/plastics in locally collected soil and sediment, and and introduction to effects of acidification on freshwater mollusk shells. For this, two activity lesson plans were created and published on the BMCC website. Changes/Problems:Under specific aim 4, our first task was to host a freshweater mussel ID workshop on BMCC campus to be contract by the Michigan DNR. It was made clear during the spring of this year that the DNR would be unable to find an instructor to host such a workshop.With permission from the project manager, we found it necessary to send students andstaff to a nearby workshop led by Central Michigan University. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Three research team members, including two undergraduate TCU students, were afforded the opportunity to attend and complete training on freshwater mussel identification through Central Michigan University's Biologcal Station. Student researchers were also trained in sample collection, handling, shipment, and preparation. Students learned the process of methods development, organics digestion, and microscopy. BMCC student workers spent 2 days working in the Environmental Analysis Lab (EAL) at Lake Superior State University alongside staff and students from the EAL and Wayne State University's Lumigen Instrument Center (LIC). Here, BMCC students learned sample filtration, and nitrogen evaporation. Likewise, LIC students and staff were trained alongside BMCC students for sample collection, field techniques, and boating safety. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Partnering with MIchigan State University's MIchigan Sea Grant has allowed a unique opportunity for dissemination of informoation to the local region (MIchigan's eastern upper peninsula) through press releases. To date, at least 4 local news outlets have published articles on the student. Additionally, the study has been described in the BMCC newsletter to all staff and students. BMCC student resarchers have presented posters at both national and internation conferences. Two posters were presented at teh 3rd Annual Anishinaabe Inendamowin Research Symposium, January 2018, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada. Subsequently, updated psters were presented at the 2018 annual First Americans Land-Grant Consotrium conference, Minneapolis, MN. Work with identification and inventory of freshwater mussels has been shared with area youth during a summer science camp, and paired with hands-on experiments for youth. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?During the next reporting periodcontinuation of microplastics analysis will ensue. Plastics in the intestintes of wildlife and biota will be investigated.LIkewise, organics contaminant abundance in wildlife and biota will be investigated. Future plans also include additional presentations of data.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Specific Aim 1: Identification and quantification of personal care products within Waishkey Bay Initial investigation of specific aim 1 began during fall of 2017. Surface water samples were collected from four locations and analyzed by partners at Wayne State University, Lumigen Instrument Center (LIC) for 24 personal care products/pharmaceuticals, including a subset of endocrine disruptors: acetaminophen, caffeine, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin HCl, triclosan, carbamazepine, erythromycin, fluoxetine HCl, Naproxen, estriol, bisphenol-A, equilin, 4-androstene-3,17-dione, estrone, 17-beta-estradiol, 17-alpha-ethynylestradiol, testosterone, 4-tert-octylphenol, 4-tert-octylphenol-di-ethoxylate, iso-nonylphenol, iso-nonylphenol-di-ethoxylate, 4-nonylphenol, and metformin. The original goal of this sampling initiative was to grasp the abundance of these chemicals, and choose a subset of 5 for further investigation within surface water and sediment from 10 sample locations during the summer of 2018. However, in working closely with the LIC, we were able to analyze all chemicals again, in both media from the increased number of sample sites. Specific Aim 2: Identification and quantification of pesticides within Waishkey Bay Initial investigation of specific aim 1 began during fall of 2017. Surface water samples were collected from four locations and analyzed by partners at Lake Superior State University's Environmental Analysis Lab (EAL) for 72 pesticides and semi-volatile organic chemicals: Acenaphthene, acenaphthylene, aniline, Anthracene, Azobenzene, Benz(a)anthracene, Benzo(a)pyrene, Benzo(b)fluoranthene, Benzo(ghi)perylene, Benzo(k)fluoranthene, Benzyl butyl phthalate, Bis(2-chloroethoxy)methane, Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether, Bis(2-ethylhexyl)adipate, Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, 4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether, Carbazole, 4-Chloroaniline, 4-Chloro-3-methylphenol, 2-Chloronaphthalene, 2-Chlorophenol, 4-Chlorophenyl phenyl ether, Chrysene, Dibenz(a,h)anthracene, Dibenzofuran, 1,2-Dichlorobenzene, 1,3-Dichlorobenzene, 1,4-Dichlorobenzene, 2,4-Dichlorophenol, Diethylphthalate, 2,4-Dimethylphenol, Dimethylphthalate, Di-n-butyl phthalate, 1,2-Dinitrobenzene, 1,3-Dinitrobenzene, 1,4-Dinitrobenzene, 4,6-Dinitro-2-methylphenol (Dinitro-o-cresol), 2,4-Dinitrophenol, 2,4-Dinitrotoluene, 2,6-Dinitrotoluene, Di-n-octyl phthalate, Diphenylamine, Fluoranthene, Fluorene, Hexachlorobenzene, Hexachlorobutadiene, Hexachlorocyclopentadiene, Hexachloroethane, Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene, Isophorone, 1-Methylnaphthalene, 2-Methylnaphthalene, 2-Methylphenol (o-cresol), 3-Methylphenol (m-cresol), 4-Methylphenol (p-cresol), Naphthalene, 2-Nitroaniline, 3-Nitroaniline, 4-Nitroaniline, Nitrobenzene, 2-Nitrophenol, 4-Nitrophenol, N-Nitrosodimethylamine, N-Nitroso-di-n-propylamine, 2,2'-Oxybis(1-chloropropane), Pentachlorophenol, Phenanthrene, Phenol, Pyrene, Pyridine, 2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol, 2,3,5,6-Tetrachlorophenol, 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene, 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol, 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol. Again, the goal of the initial sampling effort was to identify a subset of 5 pesticides of interest for more in-depth analysis during summer of 2018. Likewise, in working closely with the EAL, we were able to analyze the full suite of chemicals during both investigations. Specific Aim 3:Quantification of microplastics within the bay Sediment was collected from four sites during the fall of 2017, and from 10 sites during both spring and summer of 2018. Samples have been analyzed following National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Laboratory Methods for the Analysis of Microplastics in the Marine Environment: Recommendations for Quantifying Synthetic Particles in Waters and Sediments (2015). In short, samples were dried to constant weight, and fractioned using stainless steel sieves. Each fraction underwent peroxidation digestion for the breakdown of organic debris prior to being inspected for plastics content via microscopy. To date, approximately 150 fractions have been processed to completion. Specific Aim 4:Inventory freshwater mussel species The research team was unable to employ the Michigan Department of Natural Resources to host a freshwater mussel identification workshop at Bay Mills Community College, as was planned for spring 2018. Unfortunately, all qualified experts in the region were unavailable. However, the research team was able to attend a more intense short-course workshop offered through Central Michigan University Biological Station, Beaver Island, MI. Following, the team conducted a mussel inventory in wadeable regions of Waishkey Bay and tributaries, paying particular attention to areas near sites sampled for chemical contaminants described in aims 1-3. The team identified a number of mussel species present including the giant floater (Pyganodon grandis), and the unexpected cylindricalpapershell (Anodontoides ferussacianus).
Publications
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