Source: IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY submitted to NRP
SOCIOLOGICAL RESEARCH TO ADVANCE SUSTAINABLE U.S. AND INTERNATIONAL FOOD SECURITY AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
HATCH
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1013531
Grant No.
(N/A)
Cumulative Award Amt.
(N/A)
Proposal No.
(N/A)
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Aug 1, 2017
Project End Date
Jul 31, 2022
Grant Year
(N/A)
Program Code
[(N/A)]- (N/A)
Recipient Organization
IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY
2229 Lincoln Way
AMES,IA 50011
Performing Department
Sociology
Non Technical Summary
The proposed project will explore sociological solutions to fostering sustainable agronomic practices, facilitating self-reliant small towns, and enhancing democratic social structures to improve community, food, and agricultural systems.The research undertaken as part of this project will be enhanced by outreach to academics, professional extension personnel, and members of the public.The research findings will be used to improve human social systems in domestic and international settings.To advance our understanding of the human dimensions and dynamics of changes in agricultural production and processingResearch conducted under this objective will improve our understanding of how attitudes, previous practices and experiences, and social systems affect farmer adoption of sustainable agricultural practices. We will explore how adaptive changes in farm practices and patterns of agricultural activities will capitalize on emerging opportunities while minimizing individual and societal costs associated with the negative effects of such changes. This research will recognize that every farm has particular climatic, biophysical, economic and social characteristics that may influence selection of crop types and varieties, and different practices and management strategies. The research reported here will use observable farm and farmer characteristics to assess the extent to which observable traits of climate perspectives vary in systematic, meaningful ways that extension, crop advisers, and other agricultural actors could use to inform the development of audience-segmented engagement strategies.To improve our understanding of the socioeconomic and demographic factors that affect the social capital and public policy conditions of rural communitiesSmall town residents still constitute a substantial portion of the state population and small towns are a significant part of the cultural and economic heritage of Iowa. We thereby propose to gain a better understanding of the extent to which successful communities pay attention to seven types of capital: natural, cultural, human, social, political, financial, and built. Research will improve understanding of the effects of various types of community capitals on the quality of life in 125 rural Iowa towns. This research builds upon over two decades of longitudinal research on these towns. This research will significantly advance community capital theory, provide valuable information for local and state policy makers, and enable community representatives to develop long-term strategies for the enhancement of community wealth leading to improved quality of life in rural towns. We propose to examine the interrelationships, antecedents, and consequences of different types of community wealth as they pertain to rural community well being and development strategies.There is increasing evidence that the United States is experiencing a "Great U-Turn" of inequality. An expanding post-war economy and government social programs precipitated large reductions in inequality compared to the first half of the century. Through the 1920s and 1930s the top decile of earners owned roughly 45 percent of the nation's income. By the 1950s this share had dropped to just below 35 percent, where it remained relatively stable until the mid-1970s. The turnaround began in the 1980s as income inequality rose sharply in the United States, unabated by recessions. By the first decade of the 21st century nearly 50 percent of the nation's income was owned by the top earners, approaching levels not seen since the late 1920s. As a result of these trends, social scientists have begun to document the causes of rising income inequality across both macro-scale states and meso-scale counties. This body of literature concludes that although certain regions of the United States are very prosperous, they also have some of the highest levels of relative deprivation. There is a continuing need to better understand income inequality in the United States across place and time. To address these gaps, this research will examine and monitor the spatial clustering of income inequality and its socioeconomic correlates in the United States. The research will identify and describe clusters of income inequality and create a statistically valid typology that identifies distinct patterns of inequality along the dimensions of level, change, and space. To advance our understanding of the political, attitudinal, and gendered social dynamics of community, food, and agricultural systems.Developmental Idealism (DI) posits that freedom, democracy, and human rights are causes and consequences of development. DI defines as desirable a constellation of attributes perceived to be associated with development, including industrialization, urbanization, education, free markets, low fertility, equality, freedom, democracy, and human rights. DI endorses a world that is dynamic, describes the pathway to development, and specifies a model for the good life that serves as a model of development worldwide. We will investigate the extent to which developmental idealism is present in the opinions of publics in U.S. and international settings.Women's empowerment and gender equity have become central to global development discourse and practice. Development agencies and donors, corporations and non-governmental organizations, no longer view women as simply victims of poverty but as key agents in solving poverty and a host of other social and economic ills. Within agriculture, development institutions are promoting women's empowerment as evidence continues to grow that gender-based inequalities constrain women's ability to enhance agricultural productivity and reduce household food and nutrition security and health outcomes. We will examine the gendered effects and tradeoffs of livestock assets for women's empowerment and gender equity with domestic and international settings. This objective seeks to empower women and reduce gender inequities by increasing women's incomes through increasing agricultural productivity.Since 2012 the anti-GMO (genetically modified organism) movement in the US has gained significant momentum in their efforts to label genetically modified foods. The movement has succeeded in getting ballot initiatives or legislation to mandate GMO food labels introduced in numerous states across the country. To date, voters have narrowly rejected each ballot proposal for mandatory labels. Despite defeats at the ballot box, the anti-GMO movement has succeeded in reigniting a national debate and raising public awareness about GMOs nearly two decades after GMO crops were first commercially introduced. Opposition to GMO crops and foods is driven by a broad range of socio-economic, legal, and environmental concerns, from food safety risks, the perceived lack of federal food safety and environmental oversight, corporate control of seeds and patents, to the agrichemical treadmill and the development of "superweeds." The agri-food industry is overwhelmingly opposed to mandatory labeling, arguing that GMO foods are safe and mandatory labels would have a costly and detrimental effect on consumers, food producers and food manufacturers. We will explore the extent to which, in an effort to mobilize consumer and retailer support for GMO labeling, the core social and sustainability concerns of the non-GMO movement are minimized in favor of a discourse by both activists and retailers emphasizing neoliberal, individualist arguments that labels enhance the ability of individuals to freely act and make good choices in the marketplace.Of particular interest is to what extent voluntary labels may have the unintended consequence for the anti-GMO social movement of settling the labeling debate by mollifying agri-food industry concerns about mandatory labeling and meeting the desire of political consumers for greater choice and transparency.
Animal Health Component
45%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
45%
Applied
45%
Developmental
10%
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
8036099308010%
8026099308020%
8056099308020%
8026050308020%
8036050308010%
8056050308020%
Knowledge Area
805 - Community Institutions, Health, and Social Services; 803 - Sociological and Technological Change Affecting Individuals, Families, and Communities; 802 - Human Development and Family Well-Being;

Subject Of Investigation
6099 - People and communities, general/other; 6050 - Communities, areas, and regions;

Field Of Science
3080 - Sociology;
Goals / Objectives
This project will improve our understanding of social issues affecting the sustainability of U.S.and international food security and rural development. The project will explore sociological solutions to fostering sustainable agronomic practices, facilitating self-reliant small towns, and enhancing democratic social structures to improve community, food, and agricultural systems. The research undertaken as part of this project will be enhanced by outreach to academics, professional extension personnel, and members of the public. The research findings will be used to improve human social systems in domestic and international settings.1. To advance our understanding of the human dimensions and dynamics of changes in agricultural production and processing.2. To improve our understanding of the socioeconomic and demographic factors that affect the social capital and public policy conditions of rural communities.3. To advance our understanding of the political, attitudinal, and gendered social dynamics of community, food, and agricultural systems.
Project Methods
Sociologists utilize a variety of quantitative and qualitative procedures to describe and explain human social systems. We anticipate that over the five-year span of this project researchers will rely upon mail, telephone, in-person, and internet surveys, personal interviews, ethnographies, content analysis of existing print and electronic documents, and participatory action research to achieve the three objectives of this proposed project. Data collected using these procedures will be evaluated using quantitative procedures such as factor analysis, reliability analysis, analysis of variance, various forms of multiple regression analysis, spatial analysis, structural equation modeling, hierarchical linear modeling, multiple classification analysis, grounded theory approaches, and inductively derived thematic analysis of textual and visual data to explore and explain the sociological factors affecting agricultural production, community well-being, and the quality of life of people living in rural areas. The sociologists involved in this project have considerable expertise and experience in a wide variety of data collection procedures and in applying basic and advanced forms of descriptive and inferential statistics to assess these data. The procedures in detail in the attached proposal represent data collection and analysis techniques that reasonably can be assumed to be undertaken with respect to each of the three proposed objectives.

Progress 10/01/19 to 09/30/20

Outputs
Target Audience:Extension agencies, government agencies, NGOs, the general public, and other key agricultural and rural community stakeholders. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Engaged nine graduate studentsin research projects to help train them in research design, data collection, data analysis, and reporting and dissemination. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Gene Edited Foods (GEFs) Project Research findings have been disseminated to other social and natural scientists, graduate students, ISU faculty and staff, and policy makers. We produced one journal publication, two professional presentations, one invited presentation, one poster presentations (with undergrad as first author), one podcast. Organized a virtual conference on Gene Editing in Agriculture and Food: Social Concerns, Public Engagement and Governance. October 20 & 21, 2020. Fifteen national and international invited presenters, with approximately 400 registered attendees, including policy makers, industry representatives, NGOs, academics, and the public. Increasing crop diversity and soil and water conservation Research results have been disseminated through 5 journal articles, 1 database, 2 extension and technical reports, 5 invited or conference presentations, and 8 times featured in agricultural and mainstream news articles. Rural Opioids Project Published journal articles in Rural Sociology and Review of Regional Studies. Work featured in 6 news/radio spots (e.g. Boston Globe, Iowa Public Radio, Radio Iowa). Rural Demographic and Social Change Published two ISU extension bulletins and two book chapters. Submitted one proposal for the Reinventing Rural series to Corporation for Public Broadcasting. Gave two invited talks to one state association and one national group. Work featured in 8 news/radio/magazine spots (e.g. NPR's Here and Now, Harvest Public Media). Impact of COVID0-19 in Small Towns Published one journal article in J. of Rural Health; one ISU Extension publication; one article in The Conversation; and one interactive data indicator website. Gave one invited talk to the Iowa Health Association. Work featured in 57 news/TV/radio spots (e.g. Iowa Public Radio, Radio Iowa, WHO-TV, Omaha World Herald, Seattle Post-Intelligencer, Des Moines Register). Data Science for the Public Good Gave an invited workshop to the Western Region Extension and Outreach community on how to mitigate place-based bias in data-driven engagement activities. Co-authored one article describing a method to use data in rural community engagement activities. Substance Use in Iowa Project Co-authored five reports to inform the Iowa Department of Public Health's community engagement strategy Submitted two successful proposals (CDC and SAMSHA), totaling $798,000 to address the public health risk of substance use epidemic in Iowa communities. Improving fairness, transparency, accountability, and trust in AI for agriculture Co-authored a scientific paper on trust in AI (under review) Adoption of Voluntary Pest Resistance Management Science Policy meeting in Logan and Ankeny Distribution of "A Model for Community Change", (SOC 3080) https://store.extension.iastate.edu/product/15114 has occurred in ANR inservice training and is being used as model for local organizing efforts. River Stories and Popular Education Learning Community River Stories disseminates through exhibitions and conference presentations, most recently a virtual exhibit and workshop presentation at the 2020 Soil & Water Conservation Society conference. The Pop Ed Learning Community uses google groups to share resources such as case studies and techniques related to mapping, storytelling and learning circles applied to issues such as climate change, land access, water quality, conservation, social justice & gender equity. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Gene-edited foods Conduct a national public survey; analyze our interview and survey data; prepare at least three journal articles, and one professional presentations to disseminate our findings to social and natural scientists. Increasing crop diversity and soil and water conservation Conduct the next wave of the Iowa Farm and Rural Life Poll Analyze CCHANGE in-depth interviews Analyze Nutrient Reduction Strategy Farmer Survey data Publish findings from above as technical reports, conference presentations, journal article manuscripts Rural Opioids Project Continue interviews and site visits to opioid resilient and vulnerable communities. Convene advisory panel. Deploy real-time Big Data opioid hazard indicator using web scraped data and data science methods. Develop best practices extension curriculum, validate with stakeholder, and pilot in key communities. Publish findings in journal articles, extension bulletins, and national conferences. Publicize results in state and national news media. Rural Demographic and Social Change Conduct segmentation analysis of quality of life and social capital perceptions among distinct subpopulations. Identify mentor and mentee communities, sign collaboration agreements, and distribute planning funds. Advise mentor and mentees on deploying shrink smart strategies in 12 communities in Iowa. Analysis of secondary data and social media posts to estimate subjective QoL, verified to ISTP data. Submit USDA AFRI grant proposal with U of Iowa to study towns impacted by 2019 spring floods. Publish findings in journal articles, extension bulletins, and national conferences. Publicize results in state and national news media. Impact of COVID-19 in Small Towns Complete data collection by mail survey. Complete non-random data collection in majority-minority towns in partnership with community organizations. Analyze data and publish results in journal articles, extension bulletins, and national conferences. Advise state and national public health officials. Re-survey respondents on use and attitudes toward COVID vaccines. Submit USDA AFRI grant proposal to expand work. Data Science for the Public Good Transitioning the training program to the CSAFE Institute for summer 2021 Supervising data science summer interns working in public health, in collaboration with the data science degree program at ISU. Substance Use in Iowa Project Design and implement a mixed, multi-method investigation of methamphetamine use in Iowa communities Develop data-informed policy recommendations to the Iowa Department of Public Health regarding prevention and treatment strategies to mitigate the harms and spread of methamphetamine use in Iowa. Engage with at least three communities in Iowa to facilitate the development of substance use recovery community centers in Iowa. Create a data pipeline and user-friendly, interactive dashboard to help the citizens of Iowa find peer support and mutual aid meetings in or near their home community. Develop a prototype, automated system to analyze four large-scale administrative data sets with the goal of rapid detection of new and emerging substance use outbreaks in Iowa communities. Co-direct four workshops with the Iowa Department of Public Health's Linkage to Care Advisory Board. Submitted a proposal to provide analytics to the Iowa Alcohol and Beverage Division in support of data-informed policy related to the health and well-being of Iowa communities. Improving fairness, transparency, accountability, and trust in AI for agriculture Developing a collaborative proposal to provide seed funding for a trust in IA center at ISU. Adoption of Voluntary Pest Resistance Management Over the winter, two additional county committees will be identified to explore rootworm resistance and soybean aphids. River Stories and Popular Education Learning Community River Stories will exhibit at the 2021 Soil & Water Conservation Society conference and be highlighted in professional publications. Pop Ed Learning Community will continue bimonthly meetings & compile case studies featuring techniques such as mapping, nature interpretation, storytelling and learning circles, applied to priority issues (climate change, land access, water quality, conservation, social justice & gender equity)

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Overall impact statement: The project has had important impacts over the year. Changes in knowledge included increased researcher and stakeholder understanding of 1) trust gaps and communication needs around gene-edited foods, 2) ways farmers use cover crops, 3) factors influencing soil and water conservation, 4) community factors that influence opioid overdoses and overdose prevention, 5) factors that make communities more or less resilient or vulnerable to opioid overuse, 6) factors that impact communities' coping with population decline, and 7) ways farmers and the agricultural community can collaborate to collectively address pesticide resistance, 8) community and family-level factors that influence substance abuse risk in Iowa, 9) ways in which workforce development can be better targeted to community-based problems, and 10) how to support government efforts to translate data into action. Changes in action and condition stemming from our projects have included 1) industry groups and policy makers have implemented strategies to increase awareness of issues around gene-edited foods, 2) agricultural stakeholders have improved conservation practice outreach actions with farmers, 3) IDNR is organizing a drought preparedness collaborative governance process, 4) pesticide resistance management groups are leveraging understanding of community dynamics to implement resistance management pilot projects, 5) state agencies, including the departments of human rights and public health, have implemented new programs aimed at reducing substance use-related mortality, and 6) ISU extension and outreach has implemented changes to their Hotline programs in response to trainings. Objective 1. To advance our understanding of the human dimensions and dynamics of changes in agricultural production and processing. Gene Edited Foods (GEFs) Project Conducted content analysis of 49 news articles and in-depth interviews with 29 key stakeholders in the European Union, to identify gaps in trustworthiness related to gene edited foods, including who controls intellectual property related to gene editing specifically (CRISPR) and how the EU Commission intends to regulate it. Received an NSF-STS grant of $419,835 to for project "Competing Sociotechnical Imaginaries Shape Trust and Governance of Gene Editing in Agriculture and Food: A Cross Country Comparison." Increasing crop diversity and soil and water conservation in agricultural landscapes to improve social and environmental outcomes Analysis of 30+ interviews with stakeholder groups to document perspectives on pathways to agricultural sustainability. Began research project to assess development of potential biomass to biogas value chains in Iowa. Continued Integrating Social and Biophysical Indicators project to model predictors of successful watershed management projects. Conducted focus group research for Walton Foundation grant "Assessing the strengths and limitations of voluntary conservation." Began projects "Evaluation of the Impact of 4R Plus Programs in Iowa" funded by The Nature Conservancy and "Market Research to Support Cover Crops Outreach" funded by Practical Farmers of Iowa. Addressing water availability and agriculture in the face of climate change Analyzed in-depth interview and farmer survey data to inform design/conduct of a Drought Preparedness Workshop with the National Drought Mitigation Center, IDNR, rural water systems, livestock groups, and other stakeholders. Included climate change question sets in 2020 Iowa Farm and Rural Life Poll survey. Improving fairness, transparency, accountability, and trust in AI for agriculture Co-PI on proposal submitted to NSF to establish an Artificial Intelligence Institute for Resilient Agriculture at ISU Objective 2. To improve our understanding of the socioeconomic and demographic factors that affect the social capital and public policy conditions of rural communities. Rural Opioids Project Coordinating interdisciplinary team from rural sociology, criminology, public health, and computer science. Analysis of 2017-2019 CDC microdata to model the socioeconomic correlates of opioid drug overdoses in non-metro counties. Writing academic papers. Conducted site visits and stakeholder interviews in opioid resilient/vulnerable communities in Missouri. Presented at academic conferences and HHS panels on opioid use disorders. Rural Demographic and Social Change Coordinating interdisciplinary team from rural sociology, planning, statistics, and art. Facilitating meetings with local and state stakeholders in Iowa. Analysis of Iowa Small Town Poll and Census data to understand: (i) rural smart shrinkage, (ii) rural majority-minority towns, (iii) rural "brain gain" towns, (iv) change in voter behaviors between 2012 and 2016 Presidential elections, (v) understanding leadership and its impact of socioeconomic outcomes, (vi) consequences of decline in church attendance, and (vii) impact of farm labor restructuring on community quality of life. Giving presentations to state and local groups. Responding to media requests. Awarded $1.5M NSF Smart and Connected Communities grant on rural smart shrinkage. Applied for $100,000 NSF Civic Innovation Challenge planning grant resilience to natural disasters. Senior Personnel on ~$26M proposal for NSF Gen-4 Engineering Research Center on resiliency to climate change and natural disasters in rural communities. Impact of COVID-19 in Small Towns Awarded NSF Sociology Rapid Response grant to study the health, economic, emotional, and social impacts of C19 in small towns. Developed survey and translated into 5 languages. Sampled and mailed survey to 23,000 Iowans in 72 small and mid-sized towns in Iowa. Worked with community groups in 4 majority-minority communities to develop process for obtaining data from immigrant, undocumented, and non-English speakers. Data Science for the Public Good Co-directed the Data Science for the Public Good summer training program for 3 graduate fellows, 9 undergraduate fellows, 5 graduate students, and 6 ISU faculty for 10-weeks of training and translational data science engagement. Worked with state agencies and ISU extension and outreach to address real-world problems in rural communities, with special attention to substance use epidemic and economic mobility. Co-led 4 data discovery workshops; participated in 5 research presentations. Substance Use in Iowa Project Principal investigator on Substance Use and Mental Health Administration funded contract to support substance use recovery in Iowa (Advancing Substance Use Recovery in Iowa) Conducted interviews with directors of recovery community centers in 25 states Collected more than 15,000 data points related to recovery resources in Iowa communities Created the first Recovery Ready Communities Index for Iowa communities Developed a data-informed, community-based strategy to develop recovery community centers in Iowa. Objective 3. To advance our understanding of the political, attitudinal, and gendered social dynamics of community, food, and agricultural systems. Assessment of Socio-Economic Factors Impacting Rural Communities' Adoption of Voluntary Pest Resistance Management This interdisciplinary team of entomologists, economists, weed scientists, rural sociologists, and Extension field staff are exploring the viability of community response to resistant insects and weeds. Harrison and Story counties bringing stakeholders together collaborate to control resistant weeds. River Stories and Popular Education Learning Community River stories uses Photovoice methodology to advance views of women farmland owners concerning water quality and builds social capacity to move discussions of policies and practices beyond rural/urban polarities. Participants report real or anticipated changes in farming practices. Pop Ed Learning Community's promotes shared understanding of the structure of production agriculture and the dynamics of change.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Bain, C., E. Ransom and I. Halimatusa'diyah. 2020. Dairy Livestock Interventions for Food Security in Uganda: What are the implications for Womens Empowerment? Rural Sociology. 85(4): 991-1020.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Bain, C., *S. Lindberg, T. Selfa. 2020. Emerging Sociotechnical Imaginaries for Gene Edited Crops for Foods in the United States: Implications for Governance. Agriculture and Human Values. 37(2): 265-279.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Bain, C. 2019. Will the Public Accept Gene Edited Foods? A Social Science Perspective. Giant Views Series. Seed World. Dec 18. https://seedworld.com/leadership/giant-views/
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Bain, C. 2019. Access and Ownership Conference - Policy ePanel. CRISPR, Agriculture, Intellectual Property and Public Interest. Keystone Symposia. October 25, 2019
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Peters, D., Monnat. S., Hochstetler, A., & Berg, M. The Opioid Hydra: Understanding Mortality Epidemics and Syndemics Across the Rural-Urban Continuum. Rural Sociology 85: 589-622.
  • Type: Book Chapters Status: Under Review Year Published: 2020 Citation: Peters, D. Revisiting the Goldschmidt Hypothesis in the 21st Century: Impact of Farm Structure on Social Capital and Quality of Life in Small Towns. Under review in Handbook on the Human Impact of Agriculture. Edward Elgar
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Bain, C., E. Ransom and *I. Halimatusa'diyah. Dairy Livestock Interventions for Food Security in Uganda: What are the implications for Womens Empowerment? Department of Nutrition. Penn State University. November 11, 2019
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Bain, C., T. Selfa and *S. Lindberg. 2019. Enhancing Public Trust and Governance of Gene Editing for Agriculture and Food: A comparison of Strategies between the EU and the US. Meeting of the Crop Bioengineering Center. Iowa State University. December.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Submitted Year Published: 2020 Citation: Selfa, T., C. Bain, and *S. Lindberg. Governing Gene Editing in Agriculture and Food: Tensions, Contestations and Realignments. Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Bain, C., C. Cummings, T. Selfa, and *S. Lindberg. 2020. Closing the Trust Deficit for Gene Editing in Agriculture: Identification of discordant priorities among Proponents and Critics. Gene Editing in Agriculture and Food: Social Concerns, Public Engagement and Governance. October 20 & 21, 2020. Virtual Conference.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Under Review Year Published: 2020 Citation: Poleacovschi, C., True-Funk, A. , Haddad, M., & Peters, D. "Resilient Micropolitan Areas in the Face of Economic Shocks: A Stakeholder Collaborative Agency Perspective." Revise and resubmit August 2020, Engineering Project Organization Journal.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Cushing, B., Erfanian, E. & Peters, D. The National Drug Crisis - What Have We Learned from the Regional Science Disciplines. Review of Regional Studies 50: 353-382.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Peters, D. "Community Susceptibility and Resiliency to COVID-19 Across the Rural-Urban Continuum in the U.S." Journal of Rural Health 36: 446-456.
  • Type: Book Chapters Status: Accepted Year Published: 2020 Citation: Zarecor, K., Peters, D., & Hamideh, S. Rural Smart Shrinkage and Perceptions of Quality of Life in the Midwest. Accepted in Handbook of Quality of Life and Sustainability, Socio-spatial, and Multidisciplinary Perspectives. Springer.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Peters, D. Rural Areas Face Higher and Distinct Risks of Serious COVID-19 Outcomes than Urban Areas. STR 1059, April. Iowa State University Extension.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Peters, D. Volunteering in Iowa Small Towns: Fostering Participation in Local Projects. SOC 3092, February. Iowa State University Extension.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Peters, D. Rural Vitality in the 21st Century: Will Small Towns Thrive or Decline? Research Paper for Corporation for Public Broadcasting and Iowa PBS.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Peters, D. Rural America is More Vulnerable to COVID-19 than Cities Are, and its Starting to Show. The Conversation, published 6/18/2020. https://theconversation.com/rural-america-is-more-vulnerable-to-covid-19-than-cities-are-and-its-starting-to-show-140532
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Peters, D. Getting Smart about Shrink Smart. Presented to Colorado Annual Demography Summit, October via webinar.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Peters, D. How some Rural Communities Thrive while Shedding Population: Learning to Shrink Smart. Presented to League of Wisconsin Cities Annual Conference, October via webinar.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Peters, D. and Zarecor, K. Maintaining Quality of Life and Essential Services in Shrinking Small Towns. Presented to Iowa Hospital Association, June via webinar.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Peters, D. Smart Shrinkage in the Rural Midwest. Presented to Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, April via webinar to Uppsala, Sweden.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Peters, D. Dealing with Multi-Generational Audiences in the Workplace Presented to Iowa State University Extension Office Professionals Conference, October in Ames, IA.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Peters, D. & Monnat, S. Understanding Opioid Resiliency and Vulnerability in Rural and Micropolitan Communities Presented at the North American Meetings of the Regional Science Association International, November in Pittsburgh, PA.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Peters, D., Monnat, S., & Hochstetler, A. The Opioid Hydra, Crime, and Community. Presented at the American Society of Criminology Annual Meeting, November in San Francisco, CA.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Hochstetler, A., Peters, D., Sterner, G., Berg, M., & Monnat, S. Opioid Use and Homicide at the County-Level: Drug Markets as Structural Mediators. Presented at the American Society of Criminology Annual Meeting, November in San Francisco, CA.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Medina, G.S., C. Isley,* and J. Arbuckle. 2020. Iowa farm environmental leaders perspectives on the U.S. Farm Bill conservation programs. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems doi: 10.3389/fsufs.2020.497943.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2020 Citation: Schoolman, E.D., L.W. Morton, J. Arbuckle, G. Han.* 2020. Marketing to the foodshed: Why do farmers participate in local food systems? Journal of Rural Studies. In press
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2020 Citation: Medina, G.S., C. Isley,* and J. Arbuckle. 2020. Promoting sustainable agriculture: Iowa stakeholders perspectives on the U.S. Farm Bill conservation programs. Environment, Development and Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-019-00572-5
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Gardezi, M. and J.G. Arbuckle. 2020. Techno-optimism and farmers attitudes toward climate change adaptation. Environment and Behavior. 52(1):82105 https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916518793482.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Prokopy, L.S., K. Floress, J.G. Arbuckle, S.P. Church, F. Eanes, Y. Gao, B.M. Gramig, P. Ranjan, A.S. Singh. 2019. Adoption of Agricultural Conservation Practices in the United States: Evidence from 35 Years of Quantitative Literature. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 74(5):520-534. doi:10.2489/jswc.74.5.520 doi:10.2489/jswc.74.5.520
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Ranjan, P., S.P. Church, J.G. Arbuckle, B.M. Gramig, C.J. Reeling, L.S. Prokopy. 2020. Conversations with non-choir farmers: Implications for conservation adoption. West Lafayette: Purdue University. https://works.bepress.com/jgordon_arbuckle/91/.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: rbuckle, J. 2020. STRIPS Cooperator Follow-On Survey: 2019 Results. Technical Report No. 1058. Ames, IA: Iowa State University Extension Sociology.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Morris, C. and J. Arbuckle. Investigating Iowa Farmers' Acceptance of Targeted Conservation Approaches Over Time. 2020 Rural Sociological Society Graduate Student Conference, Online. October 26, 2020.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Gao, L., J. Arbuckle. Understanding farmers' adoption of nutrient management best management practices: A social cognitive framework. Presented at Rural Sociological Society (RSS) Graduate Student Virtual conference. Online. October 26, 2020.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Franklin, D. and J. Arbuckle. 2020. How Do Landlords and Tenants Soil and Water Conservation Perspectives Differ on Rented Farmland? Presented at the Rural Sociological Society Graduate Student Virtual Conference, October 26, 2020.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Morris, C. and J. Arbuckle. Investigating Iowa Farmers' Acceptance of Targeted Conservation Approaches Over Time. 2020 Soil and Water Conservation Society National Conference, Online. July 29, 2020.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Upadhaya, S. and J. Arbuckle. Research plan: Evaluation of the impact of 4R Plus programs in Iowa. 4R Plus stakeholders meeting, The Nature Conservancy, Iowa. July 15, 2020.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Arbuckle, J.G. and Linda Prokopy. Ramping up cover crops use in the Midwest: Insights from recent social science research. Midwest Cover Crops Council Programmatic Planning Meeting. Online meeting, August 14, 2020.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Arbuckle, J.G. C-CHANGE initiative at Iowa State University. IAWA Advisory Council  Business Council Joint Meeting Conservation and Economics. Online meeting, July 16, 2020.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Arbuckle, J.G. Potential for Collaborative Drought Preparedness in Northwest Iowa. Northwest Iowa Drought Preparedness Workshop. Sheldon, IA, February 27, 2020.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Arbuckle, J.G. A brief history of adoption research: From hybrid corn to cover crops/Review of 35 years of conservation practice adoption research. Indiana Soil and Water Conservation Society Annual Meeting. Lafayette, IN, December 5, 2019.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Dorius, Cassandra J, Shawn F. Dorius, and Chris Seeger. (2020). In Support of Data Driven Governance. Cityscape, 75(5):14.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Dorius, Shawn F., Cassandra Dorius, Elizabeth Talbert, Kelsey Van Selous, Ilma Jahic, Masoud Nosrati, and Matt Voss. (2020, September). The Recovery Ready Community Index: A Public Health Assessment Tool. Report prepared for the Iowa Department of Public Health.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Aduri, Pavankumar, Madhavan R Padmanabhan, Xiaoyun Fu, Samik Basu, Shawn F. Dorius. (2020). Measuring the Impact of Influence on Individuals: Roadmap to Quantifying Attitude. IEEE/ACM International Conference on Social Networks Analysis and Mining (ASONAM 2020). https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.13304
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Dorius, Shawn F., Cassandra Dorius, and Elizabeth Talbert. (2020, September). A Community-Based Strategy to Advance Substance Use Recovery. Report prepared for the Iowa Department of Public Health.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Dorius, Cassandra, Shawn F. Dorius, Elizabeth Talbert, Kelsey Van Selous, Ilma Jahic, Darien Bahe, and Emma Young. (2020, September). A Recovery Community Guide for Public Health. Report prepared for the Iowa Department of Public Health.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Dorius, C., Dorius, S., Rouse, H. L., Richey, E., Talbert, E., Van Selous, K., and Bahe, D. (2020, January). Final Report: Substance Use Among Iowa Families: An Intergenerational Mixed Method Approach for Informing Policy and Practice. Report prepared for the Iowa Department of Public Health.
  • Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2020 Citation: Dorius, C., Dorius, S., Rouse, H. L., and Van Selous, K. (2019, October). Technical Report: Substance Use and its Correlates in Iowas 99 Counties. Report prepared for the Iowa Department of Public Health.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Upadhaya, S., J. Arbuckle, and LA Schulte Developing farmer typologies to inform soil and water conservation outreach in Iowas agricultural landscapes. Poster presented at Soil and Water Conservation Society (SWCS) International Annual Conference, Des Moines, IA, USA. July 27-29, 2020.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Under Review Year Published: 2020 Citation: Yongai Jin, Shawn Dorius, Yu Xie. Americans Attitudes towards China-US Trade War (Under Review), Journal of Contemporary China
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Under Review Year Published: 2020 Citation: Yan Ming, Donghui Wang, Shawn Dorius, Yu Xie. In the Eyes of the Beholder: How China and the U.S. See Each Other (Under Review), Journal of Contemporary China
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Under Review Year Published: 2020 Citation: Dorius, Cassandra J, Shawn F Dorius, Heather Rouse, Elizabeth Talbert. In Support of Rapid Response Family Policy (Under Review) Journal of Family Relations
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Under Review Year Published: 2020 Citation: Sapp, Stephen, Shawn F Dorius, and Shannon Harper. "Social Justice and Network Surveillance: An Examination of the Recreancy Theorem" (Under Review) Social Justice Research
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Under Review Year Published: 2020 Citation: Dorius, Shawn F. Cassandra Dorius, Atefeh Rajabalizadeh, Jessie Bustin, Grant Durbahn, and Vikram Magal. A Computational Approach to the Identification of Community-based Substance Use Recovery Resources (Under Review) Sage Research Briefs
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Dorius, Shawn F. (2020). Building a Data-Ready Culture. Community Catalysts Series. Western States Extension Professional Webinar (Nov 4).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Yongai Jin, Shawn Dorius, Yu Xie. (2020). Americans Attitudes towards China-US Trade War Paul and Marcia Wythes Center on Contemporary China at Princeton University, Princeton, NJ (Aug 28-29).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Yan Ming, Donghui Wang, Shawn Dorius, Yu Xie. (2020). In the Eyes of the Beholder: How China and the U.S. See Each Other Paul and Marcia Wythes Center on Contemporary China at Princeton University, Princeton, NJ (Aug 28-29).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Thomas, D., Zhu, X., Chong, K., & Maloney, A., Sukul, A., Dorius, S.F. (2020). Enlarging the ISU Extension Community Helpline Services. Data Science for the Public Good National Symposium (Aug 7, 2020).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Rajabalizadeh, A., Bustin, J., Durbahn, G., Magal, V., & Van Selous, K., Dorius, S.F., Dorius, C. (2020). Identifying Communities Ready and Able to Support Substance Use Recovery Centers. Data Science for the Public Good National Symposium (Aug 7, 2020).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Seeger, C., Dorius, S.F., Thomas, D., Zhu, X., Chong, K., Thompson, K., & Jahic, I., (2020). Mapping Communities in Greatest Need of Alcohol Prevention Efforts. Data Science for the Public Good National Symposium (Aug 7, 2020).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Rajabalizadeh, A., Sridhar, K., Bustin, J., Voss, M. J., Von Behren, J., Maloney, A., Durbahn, G., Magal, V., & Van Selous, K., Dorius, S.F., Hofmann, H. (2020). Mapping Iowas Substance Use Care Infrastructure. Presented to the Linkage to Care Advisor Board.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Thomas, D., Zhu, X., Chong, K., & Maloney, A., Sukul, A., Dorius, S.F. (2020). Hotline Cooperative Extension Helplines. Presented to the Iowa State Office of the Vice President for Extension and Outreach.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Dorius, C., Dorius, S.F., Dorius, C., Hofmann, H., Sridhar, K., Voss, M., Von Behren, J., & Maloney, A. (2020). Recovery-Oriented Systems of Care: A Data Discovery Workshop. Delivered to the Iowa Department of Public Health, Linkage to Care Advisory Board.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Dorius, C., Abraham, W., Dorius, S.F., Seeger, C., Rajabalizadeh, A., Sridhar, K., Bustin, J., Voss, M., Durbahn, G., Von Behren, J., Magal, V., & Thompson, K. (2020). Community Capital Indicators: A Data Discovery Workshop. Delivered to the Iowa State Office of the Vice President for Extension and Outreach.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Dorius, C., Sukul, A., Dorius, S.F., Thomas, D., Zhu, X., Chong, K., & Maloney, A. (2020). Hotline Data Pipeline: A Data Discovery Workshop. Delivered to the Iowa State Office of the Vice President for Extension and Outreach.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Dorius, C., Dorius, S.F., Rajabalizadeh, A., Bustin, J., Durbahn, G., Magal, V., & Van Selous, K. (2020). Substance Abuse Recovery Infrastructure: A Data Discovery Workshop. Delivered to the Iowa Department of Public Health, Bureau of Substance Abuse.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Dorius, C, S.F. Dorius, E Talbert, M Bartel, and D Bahe. (2019). An Ethnographic Assessment of Drug Use among Iowa Families. Presented at the quarterly FaDSS Coordinators Meeting, Iowa Department of Human Rights.


Progress 10/01/18 to 09/30/19

Outputs
Target Audience:Agricultural and rural community stakeholders, Land Grant and other university faculty, extension staff, local, state, national government and non-governmental policy makers and program development practitioners. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Nothing Reported How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Gene Edited Foods (GEFs) Project Research findings have been disseminated to other social and natural scientists, graduate students, ISU faculty and staff, and policy makers. We produced one journal publication, one master's thesis, two professional presentations, and two poster presentations (with undergrads as first author) and developed and launched our project website. Increasing crop diversity and soil and water conservation Research results have been disseminated through 7 journal articles, 4 extensions and technical reports, 10 invited or conference presentations, and 15 times featured in agricultural and mainstream news articles. Rural Opioids Project Work published in Amer J Public Health and Rural Sociology; and one extension publication. Presented 4 papers at national academic conferences, gave 5 presentations to community and state groups (Iowa Dept. of Public Health, US National Guard Counterdrug Task Force), and featured in 10 news/TV/radio spots (Iowa Public Radio, WHO-TV, Sioux City Journal). Website created http://ruralopioids.soc.iastate.edu Rural Demographic and Social Change Work published in J Rural Studies and Rural Sociology; and one extension publication. Presented 2 papers at national conferences, gave 7 presentations to community and state groups (Iowa League of Cities, Iowa Newspaper Assoc, Iowa Rural Development Symposium), gave 1 paper and presentation to national group (NSF SUS-RURI on social resilency and climate change), and featured in 7 news/radio spots (Kansas Public Radio, Forbes, Des Moines Register, CHS Coop). Adoption of Voluntary Pest Resistance Management Science Policy meeting in Logan and Ankeny Distribution of "A Model for Community Change", (SOC 3080) https://store.extension.iastate.edu/product/15114 has occurred in ANR inservice training and is being used as model for local organizing efforts. River Stories and Popular Education Learning Community River Stories is disseminated through exhibitions, most recently an 8-week display at the Des Moines Public Library. The Pop Ed Learning Community shares meeting recordings and resources with communities of interest on google groups. Heifer/East Africa Dairy Development Project Reported our results back to Heifer/EADD (East Africa Dairy Development), Uganda the two organizations we worked with to conduct our research in Uganda. Our results are being disseminated to social scientists and development scholars through journal publications. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Gene-edited foods Focus on conducting in-depth interviews, preparing a national public survey questionnaire; analyzing our interview data and preparing two journal publications and two professional presentations to disseminate our findings to social and natural scientists. Increasing crop diversity and soil and water conservation Conduct the next wave of the Iowa Farm and Rural Life Poll Analyze CCHANGE in-depth interviews Analyze Nutrient Reduction Strategy Farmer Survey data Publish findings from above as technical reports, conference presentations, journal article manuscripts Rural Opioids Project Continue interviews and site visits to opioid resilient and vulnerable communities. Convene advisory panel. Develop real-time Big Data opioid hazard indicator using web scraped data and data science methods. Rural Demographic and Social Change Continue publishing academic and extension publications related to rural majority-minority towns, rural "brain gain" towns, and rural poverty and inequality. Submit NSF and USDA-AFRI grants to support such work. Start collaboration with Iowa Flood Center (U of Iowa) to study towns impacted by 2019 spring floods and to develop smart flood management plans. Adoption of Voluntary Pest Resistance Management Over the winter, two additional county committees will be identified to explore rootworm resistance and soybean aphids. River Stories and Popular Education Learning Community River Stories will exhibit at the 2020 Soil & Water Conservation Society conference and be highlighted in professional publications. Pop Ed Learning Community will continue bimonthly meetings & compile case studies featuring techniques such as mapping, nature interpretation, storytelling and learning circles, applied to priority issues (climate change, land access, water quality, conservation, social justice & gender equity). Heifer/East Africa Dairy Development Project Project is complete, except for possible journal article manuscripts

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Overall impact statement: The Sociological Research to Advance Sustainable U.S. and International Food Security and Rural Development project effected a number of important impacts over the course of the year. Changes in knowledge included increased researcher and stakeholder understanding of 1) trust gaps and communication needs around gene-edited foods, 2) ways farmers use cover crops, 3) factors influencing soil and water conservation, 4) community factors that influence opioid overdoses and overdose prevention, 5) factors that make communities more or less resilient or vulnerable to opioid overuse, 6) factors that impact communities' coping with population decline, and 7) ways farmers and the agricultural community can collaborate to collectively address pesticide resistance. Changes in action and condition stemming from our projects have included 1) industry groups and policy makers have begun to implement strategies to increase awareness of issues around gene-edited foods, 2) agricultural stakeholders have taken steps to help employees and stakeholders improve cover crops and other conservation practice outreach actions with farmers, 3) IDNR has begun to organize a drought preparedness collaborative governance process, and 4) pesticide resistance management groups have leveraged increased understanding of community dynamics to implement resistance management pilot projects. Objective 1. To advance our understanding of the human dimensions and dynamics of changes in agricultural production and processing. Gene Edited Foods (GEFs) Project Project working to identify key inducements and impediments to public trust in GEFs and their governance and provide a set of recommendations for governance tools and strategies to address gaps in public trust related to GEFs. Content analysis of regulations and in-depth interviews with key stakeholders has identified gaps in trustworthiness related to gene edited foods, including who controls intellectual property related to gene editing specifically (CRISPR) and how the USDA/EPA/FDA intend to regulate CRISPR. In-person interviews with key stakeholders and gene editing conferences presentations have increased awareness of the project among key industry groups/policy makers and led to a seed grant to compare public trust in gene edited crops and food between the US and the EU. Increasing crop diversity and soil and water conservation in agricultural landscapes to improve social and environmental outcomes For the interdisciplinary Cultivating Human And Naturally reGenerative Enterprises (CHANGE) project, conduct and analysis of 30+ in-depth interviews with stakeholder groups to document perspectives on pathways to agricultural sustainability; hired a post-doc to conduct integrated social-biophysical data analysis. Received an Iowa Nutrient Research Center Grant to fund analysis of social and ecological data to model predictors of successful watershed management projects. Received an Iowa Nutrient Research Center Grant to fund analysis of data on farmers' use of cover crops to inform development of more effective cover crops extension strategies. Conducted the final year of a 5-year annual farmer survey funded by Iowa Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship and shared results with the Nutrient Reduction Strategy community. Ag BMP adoption review--reviewed soil and water conservation practice adoption lit 1985-present, conducted a meta-review & created public database (embargoed until 2020) Analyzed data from survey of landowners in 2 counties each in IA and OH with highest rates of rental land SESYNC Soil Health big data initiative analysis of social and biophysical data to better understand how to improve soil health outreach and extension across the US. Addressing water availability and agriculture in the face of climate change Conducted and analyzed in-depth interviews with 60 stakeholders and conducted survey of farmers to inform the planning and implementation of a 2020 drought planning workshop with the National Drought Mitigation Center, IDNR, rural water systems, livestock producers/groups, and other stakeholders. Conducted a survey of 828 livestock producers and irrigators to improve understanding of water use and conservation planning and concern about scarcity. Objective 2. To improve our understanding of the socioeconomic and demographic factors that affect the social capital and public policy conditions of rural communities. Rural Opioids Project Analysis of CDC microdata to model the socioeconomic correlates of opioid drug overdoses in non-metro counties. Writing and publishing academic papers Conducted interviews with stakeholders and site visits in opioid resilient and vulnerable communities in Tennessee and Missouri. Rural Demographic and Social Change Analysis of Iowa Small Town Poll and Census data to understand: (i) rural smart shrinkage, (ii) rural majority-minority towns, (iii) rural "brain gain" towns, and (iv) rural poverty and inequality. Writing and publishing reports. Giving presentations to state and local groups. Responding to media requests. Submitted $1.5 million shrink-smart grant to NSF-SCC. Objective 3. To advance our understanding of the political, attitudinal, and gendered social dynamics of community, food, and agricultural systems. Assessment of Socio-Economic Factors Impacting Rural Communities' Adoption of Voluntary Pest Resistance Management This interdisciplinary team of entomologists, economists, weed scientists, rural sociologists along with Extension field staff are exploring the viability of community response to resistant insects and weeds. Harrison and Story counties are in organizing phase of bringing stakeholders together to discuss collaboration to stem the spread of resistance weeds. Harrison county hosted a national science policy meeting in August, where the "Model for Community Change" was unveiled to 60 national leaders involved with pest resistance. The event included participants from Corteva Agriscience, ESA, IPRMP, and a U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (USDA-APHIS) Story County is the second pilot case study, where knowledgeable local leaders have been identified and organizing efforts initiated. Plans are to meet post- harvest to form a local community response to resistant weeds, particularly waterhemp, giant ragweed, and marestail. River Stories, Popular Education Learning Community River stories uses Photovoice methodology, advances underrepresented views and voices of women farmland owners concerning water quality practices and policies. Participants/attendees report learning and real or anticipated changes in farming practices. River stories builds social capacity and moves discussions of agricultural policies and practices beyond rural/urban polarities. Pop Ed Learning Community's focus on systems mapping has promoted shared understanding of the structure of production agriculture and the dynamics of change. Heifer/East Africa Dairy Development Project Research found access to dairy cows and milk markets provided important economic and welfare benefits for women and households. Access to dairy cows increased women's control and decision-making power over dairy production and income. Access to dairy cows improved the household social welfare, especially dietary diversity and nutrition and investment in educational opportunities for children. Access to dairy cows increased women's time poverty: that is, they worked excessively long hours with insufficient time for rest or leisure due to competing claims on their time in terms of amount of work they must accomplish in productive and reproductive activities (e.g. childcare, preparing meals, gardening). Found water quality to be an issue, with smallholders struggling to provide clean water to cows. Producers reported dirty water caused cows to become ill, contributing to higher costs for veterinary drugs and time poverty.

Publications

  • Type: Book Chapters Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: G. Roesch-McNally, J.G. Arbuckle, J. Benning, L.W. Morton and A. Wilke. 2019. University extension communities of practice: Learning, communicating, and engaging on climate change adaptation and mitigation in the United States Corn Belt. Pp. 180-193, In: Lachapelle, P., & D. Albrecht. (Eds.), Addressing Climate Change at the Community Level in the United States. New York: Routledge.
  • Type: Book Chapters Status: Accepted Year Published: 2019 Citation: Bain, C. Forthcoming. Gender and Food Standards. In C. Sachs, K. Sexsmith, and L. Jensen (eds). Gender and Agriculture Handbook. Routledge.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Arbuckle, J.G. Rented farmland: Are Landlords from Mars and Tenants from Venus? Evidence from an Iowa Landowner Survey. ISU ANR Extension Crops Team Spring In-Service. Boone, IA, April 2, 2019
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Norton, M. and J.G. Arbuckle. Livestock production, water scarcity and potential for collaborative water governance in northwest Iowa. Iowa Water Conference. Ames, IA, March 13, 2019
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Morris, C. and J.G. Arbuckle. Do conservation plans make a difference in practice adoption? Evidence from Iowa farmers. Iowa Water Conference. Ames, IA, March 12, 2019
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Ranjan P. and J.G. Arbuckle. Meta-Review of Barriers and Motivations for Farmers to Adopt Conservation Practices. Iowa Water Conference. Ames, IA, March 12, 2019
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Arbuckle, J.G. A Brief History of Adoption Research: From Hybrid Corn to Cover Crops. Iowa Water Conference. Ames, IA, March 12, 2019
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Arbuckle, J.G. Rented farmland: Are Landlords from Mars and Tenants from Venus? Evidence from an Iowa Landowner Survey. Iowa Water Conference. Ames, IA, March 12, 2019
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Arbuckle, J.G. Land Tenure and Soil Health. ISU Soil Health Conference. Ames, IA, February 4, 2019.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Prokopy, L., J. Arbuckle, K. Floress, B. Gramig, S. Church, F. Eanes, Y. Gao, J. Lu, P. Ranjan, A Singh. Meta-Review of Barriers and Motivations for Farmers to Adopt Conservation Practices. SWCS Annual Conference, Pittsburgh, PA, July 31, 2019.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Norton, M. and J. Arbuckle. Livestock Production, Water Scarcity, and Potential for Collaborative Water Governance in Northwest Iowa. SWCS Annual Conference, Pittsburgh, PA, July 30, 2019.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Morris, C. and J. Arbuckle. Do Conservation Plans Make a Difference in Practice Adoption?: Evidence from Iowa Farmers. SWCS Annual Conference, Pittsburgh, PA, July 30, 2019.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Bain, C., S. Lindberg and T. Selfa. 2019. Building Trust to Counter the Public Threat to Gene Editing in Agriculture and Food. Annual meeting of the Rural Sociology Society. Richmond, VA. August.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Selfa, T., C. Bain and *S. Lindberg. 2019. Governing Gene Editing in Agriculture and Food: An Assessment of Competing Sociotechnical Imaginaries. Annual meeting of the Rural Sociology Society. Richmond, VA. August.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Hugen, E.** and C. Bain. 2019. Identifying Gaps in Public Trust and Governance in Gene-Edited Foods. Science with Practice. Iowa State University. May.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Freund, A. and C. Bain. 2018. Identifying Gaps in Public Trust and Governance in Gene-Edited Foods. Science with Practice. Iowa State University. Dec.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Peters, D. 2019. Dealing with Multi-Generational Audiences in the Workplace Presented to Iowa State University Extension Office Professionals Conference, October in Ames, IA.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Peters, D. 2019. Being Resilient to Demographic Change. Presented to Iowa State University Rural Development Symposium, August in Ames, IA.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Peters, D. 2019. Social Resiliency in the Upper Mississippi Watershed: Social Capital and Social Disadvantage at the Meso-Scale. Presented to National Science Foundation Sustainable Urban Systems Conference (NSF SUS RURI), August in Ames, IA.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Peters, D. 2019. The Opioid Hydra: Understanding Mortality Epidemics and Syndemics Across the Rural-Urban Continuum. Presented to National Network of Libraries of Medicine, May via webinar.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Peters, D. 2019. Getting Smart About Shrink Smart. Presented to Connecting Entrepreneurial Communities 2019, April in Beatrice, NE.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Peters, D. and Hochstetler, A. 2019. Identifying Opioid-Use Mortality Clusters for Use in Drug Intelligence. Presented to the Civil Operations Annual Summit, Army National Guard, April in Reno, NV.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Peters, D. 2019. Rural Iowa at a Glance. Presented to the Iowa Rural Water Association Annual Conference, February in Des Moines, IA.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Peters, D. 2019. Health Communities, Health Newspapers. Presented to the Iowa Newspaper Association Annual Conference, February in Des Moines, IA.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Peters, D. 2019. Demographics and Economic Development. Presented to the Siouxland Chamber, Iowa Chamber Alliance, January in Des Moines, IA.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Prokopy, L.S., K. Floress, J.G. Arbuckle, S.P. Church, F. Eanes, Y. Gao, B.M. Gramig, P. Ranjan, A.S. Singh. 2019. Adoption of Agricultural Conservation Practices in the United States: Evidence from 35 Years of Quantitative Literature. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 74(5):520-534. doi:10.2489/jswc.74.5.520
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Peters, D. 2018. The Opioid Hydra: Heterogeneity in Opioid-Use Disorder Mortality and Implications for Public Health. Presented to the State Epidemiological Workgroup, Iowa Department of Public Health, December in Des Moines, IA.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Peters, D., Monnat, S., Hochstetler, A., & Berg M. 2019. Identifying Opioid-Use Mortality Epidemics and Syndemics Across Space. Rural Sociological Society Annual Meeting, August in Richmond, VA.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Berg, M., Hochstetler, A., Peters, D., & Monnat, S. 2019. Drug Crime Connections in U.S. Counties: Assessing Structural Effects, Opioid Use and Homicide at the County-level. Rural Sociological Society Annual Meeting, August in Richmond, VA.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Gardezi, M. and J.G. Arbuckle. 2019. The influence of objective and perceived adaptive capacities on Midwestern farmers use of cover crops. Weather, Climate, and Society. 11(3): 665679. https://doi.org/10.1175/WCAS-D-18-0086.1.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Eaton, W. M., F. R., Eanes, J. D., Ulrich-Schad, M., Burnham, S. P., Church, J. Arbuckle, J. Cross. 2019. Trouble with Sense of Place in Working Landscapes. Society & Natural Resources, 32(7), 827840. https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920.2019.1568653
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Schwab, C.V., J.G. Arbuckle, H.M. Hanna. 2019. Barriers and motivators for tractors ROPS retrofitting in Iowa. Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health. doi: 10.13031/jash.13039
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Lee, D., J.G. Arbuckle, Z. Zhu, and *L. Nowatzke. 2019. Conditional Causal Mediation Analysis of Factors Associated with Cover Crop Adoption in Iowa, USA. Water Resources Research. 54(11):9566-9584 https://doi.org/10.1029/2017WR022385.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Gardezi, M. and J.G. Arbuckle. 2019. Techno-optimism and farmers attitudes toward climate change adaptation. Environment and Behavior. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916518793482.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Laurie Nowatzke and J. Gordon Arbuckle Jr. 2019. Iowa Farmers and the Iowa Nutrient Reduction Strategy: Survey Results from the Upper Mississippi-Maquoketa-Plum Watershed. SOC 3091. Department of Sociology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Arbuckle, J. Gordon Jr. 2019. Iowa Farm and Rural Life Poll: 2018 Summary Report. Extension Report SOC3090. Ames, IA: Iowa State University Extension.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Arbuckle, J. 2019. STRIPS Cooperator Follow-On Survey: 2018 Results. Technical Report No. 1057. Ames, IA: Iowa State University Extension Sociology.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (Arbuckle one of 17 co-authors). 2018. Improving Data Collection and Measurement of Complex Farms. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/25260.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Gardezi, M. and J.G. Arbuckle. 2019. Spatially Representing Vulnerability to Extreme Rain Events Using Midwestern Farmers' Objective and Perceived Attributes of Adaptive Capacity. Risk Analysis. 39(1):17-34 DOI: 10.1111/risa.12943
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Bain, C., *S. Lindberg, T. Selfa. First Online: Sept 5 2019. Emerging Sociotechnical Imaginaries for Gene Edited Crops for Foods in the United States: Implications for Governance. Agriculture and Human Values. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10460-019-09980-9
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Monnat. S., Peters, D., Berg, M., & Hochstetler, A. Using Census Data to Understand County-Level Differences in Opioid Mortality Rates. American Journal of Public Health 109: 1084-1091
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2019 Citation: Peters, D., Monnat. S., Hochstetler, A., & Berg, M. 2019. The Opioid Hydra: Understanding Mortality Epidemics and Syndemics Across the Rural-Urban Continuum. Rural Sociology, https://doi.org/10.1111/ruso.12307
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2019 Citation: Peters, D. 2019. Community Resiliency in Declining Small Towns: Impact of Population Loss on Quality of Life Over 20 Years. Rural Sociology, https://doi.org/10.1111/ruso.12261
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Under Review Year Published: 2019 Citation: Bain, C., E. Ransom and **I. Halimatusa'diyah. Revise and Resubmit 2019. Dairy Livestock Interventions for Food Security in Uganda: What are the implications for Womens Empowerment? Rural Sociology.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Under Review Year Published: 2019 Citation: Poleacovschi, C., True-Funk, A., Haddad, M., Peters, D. 2019. "Resilient Micropolitan Areas in the Face of Economic Shocks: A Stakeholder Collaborative Agency Perspective." Revision submitted October 2019, Journal of Management in Engineering  ASCE
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Peters, D. 2019. Social Resiliency at the Meso-Scale in the Upper Mississippi River Watershed: Challenges and Opportunities. National Science Foundation SUS-RURI: Developing a Convergence Sustainable Urban Systems Agenda for Redesigning the Urban-Rural Interface along the Mississippi River Watershed. https://sus-ruri.pubpub.org/pub/96rwjoew
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Peters, D. 2019. Rural Iowa At a Glance, 2018 Edition. SOC 3089, January. Iowa State University Extension.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Peters, D., Miller, P. & Hochstetler, A. 2019. Understanding the Rural Opioid Crisis in Rural and Urban Iowa. SOC 3088, January. Iowa State University Extension.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Lasley, P. 2019. A Model for Community Change SOC 3080. Iowa State University Extension, Ames, IA. https://store.extension.iastate.edu/product/15114
  • Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Lindberg, Sonja. 2019. Scientists Perspectives on the Risks and Benefits of Gene Editing Technologies in Agriculture: Assessing for Reflexive Scientization. Masters Thesis in Rural Sociology.
  • Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Gene Edited Foods Project: https://geneeditedfoods.soc.iastate.edu/


Progress 10/01/17 to 09/30/18

Outputs
Target Audience:The intended audiences are farm owners and managers, farm families, and rural community leaders. Target audiences include public- and private-sector organizations that address soil and water conservation, water quality, wildlife habitat, biodiversity, and energy use. Target audiences include consumers and representatives of the U.S. food system. Target audiences include stakeholders related to the political, attitudinal, and gendered social dynamics of community, food, and agricultural systems. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The project offers training to undergraduate and graduate students seeking education related toadvancingour understanding of the human dimensions and dynamics of changes in agricultural production and processing,improvingour understanding of the socioeconomic and demographic factors that affect the social capital and public policy conditions of rural communities, and advancingour understanding of the political, attitudinal, and gendered social dynamics of community, food, and agricultural systems. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Research results are presented at academic meetings, particularly the Rural Sociological Society, as well as other academic workshops and conferences. A key aspect of our program is dissemination of information to non-academic audiences. We focus especially upon dissemination to farmer organizations, cooperatives, and interest-area agencies.Survey data on farmer opinions of current issues facing agricultural production and natural resource conservation are distributed to agencies and organizations in Iowa as part of the planned activities of the Iowa Farm and Rural Life Poll. Results of studies on small towns are distributed to policy makers and citizens throughout Iowa. In addition topresentations to academic and non-academic audiences, our faculty, regardless of type of appointment, make themselves available to discuss issues facing agriculture and rural communities, locally, nationally, and globally. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Future Research Objective One The Initiative for Cultivating Human And Naturally reGenerative Enterprises (I-CHANGE) proposes to catalyze and guide agricultural transformations from annual monoculture-predominant systems to diverse, heterogeneous systems that incorporate perennial crops to a greater degree.We will conduct document stakeholder perspectives on the kinds of transformative changes that I-CHANGE proposes. A three-year multistate project will explore how planners, policy makers, and agricultural producers anticipate, respond, and adapt to changing water availability in four sites in Iowa and Minnesota. This project integrates climate and hydrologic modeling, risk mapping, and social science assessment of the values, behaviors, and perceptions of water use and water supply. Specific objectives are to: (1) map risks to water availability that may affect agricultural and non-agricultural water uses, (2) understand farmers' water risk perceptions and behaviors, (3) evaluate farmers', agricultural advisors', and conservation professionals' risk perceptions in light of water supply projections, and (4) engage diverse water users and decision makers in co-creating shared governance frameworks. We will survey of landowners in Iowa and Ohio to: (1) Examine the relationships, barriers, and incentives to BMP adoption between non-operator landowners and tenant farmers. (2) Test the relationship between The Collective Occupational Identity Construct (COIC) (12 survey items found to be valid and reliable in the Australian context) of both non-operator landowners and tenant farmers and adoption of land management practices. We will undertake a series of survey research choice experiments to test the effectiveness of alternative types of nudges and evaluate the role of risk and/or ambiguity aversion in their effectiveness. We will conduct a review and meta-analysis of 35 years of quantitative and qualitative social science research papers that have examined motivations of and barriers to adoption of soil and water conservation best management practices (BMPs) in US agriculture. We will update and greatly expand on previous work that has reviewed BMP adoption. We will (1) review an unprecedented number of studies, (2) accommodate a number of recent advances in this field of study such as the growth of qualitative research with farmers, (3) focus on barriers to adoption in addition to motivations for adoption, and (4) identify gaps and areas in which more research is needed. We will conduct a five-year survey research project is collecting data that will help stakeholders to measure progress toward Iowa's Nutrient Reduction Strategy (NRS) objectives. The survey objectives are to 1) measure farmer knowledge, attitudes, and behavior related to nutrient management and nutrient loss into waterways, 2) identify barriers to and facilitators of behavior change that reduces nutrient loss, and 3) measure change in these over time. Agriculture lies at the heart of interactions among food, energy and water systems. It is an increasingly energy-intensive enterprise, but it is also a growing source of energy. Agriculture places large demands on water supplies while poor practices can degrade water quality. Each of these interactions creates opportunities for modeling, driven by sensor-based and qualitative data collection, to improve the effectiveness of system operation and control in the short term as well as investments and planning for the long term. The large volume and complexity of the data collected creates challenges for decision support and stakeholder communication. This National Science Foundation Research Traineeship (NRT) award to Iowa State University will build a community of researchers that explores, develops and implements effective data-driven decision-making to efficiently produce food, transform primary energy sources into energy carriers, and enhance water quality. The project anticipates training forty-eight (48) MS and PhD students, including twenty-four (24) funded PhD trainees, from agricultural and biosystems engineering, agronomy, industrial engineering, mechanical engineering and natural resources ecology and management. The project aims to prepare trainees for multiple career paths such as research scientists, bioeconomy entrepreneurs, agribusiness leaders, policy makers, agriculture analytics specialists, or professors. Objective Two We will identify and disseminate effective intelligence strategies to reduce opioid risks by enhancing responses and enforcement outcomes in rural communities. The researchers seek to develop a data driven, sampling mechanism for mentoring collaborations between narcotics law enforcement agencies that promote innovative opioid drug market intelligence models through locally-controlled initiatives in jurisdictions that lack surveillance and interdiction technologies or advanced intelligence analytics. Research questions include: what factors best indicate opioid risk in rural places; what responses are communities making to the opioid epidemic, especially for police intelligence and information gathering; what intelligence-centered approach do rural police departments find most useful and how do they respond when primed to initiate one; and what benefit is yielded with new initiatives in opioid response and drug intelligence for rural police? Our integrated research-extension project will identify and disseminate effective place-based strategies that reduce opioid risks and hazards in rural and micropolitan communities experiencing social disorganization due to economic and farm restructuring. Key outcomes include opioid-related deaths, arrests, and prescribing rates and supply. There are five project objectives. First, to establish a national stakeholder advisory panel on non-metro opioid hazards. Second, to understand how economic restructuring, farm concentration, social disorganization, and government capacity affects opioid hazards across place and time using secondary data and multilevel structural models. Third, to understand effective local responses that increase community resilience or vulnerability to opioid hazards using qualitative case studies in 12 communities. Fourth, identify and disseminate to stakeholders place-based strategies that have been effective at reducing opioid hazards. Fifth, develop and deploy a real-time indicator of local opioid hazards using Big Data methods (web scraping and machine learning). Objective Three Despite efforts at STEM education, there remains a large gap between expert and public perceptions of science topics, such as climate change and genetically modified foods. While it is tempting to blame this gap on the public's lack of knowledge, communication research demonstrates the importance of scientific credibility, attributing this gap to "a lack of trust" in scientists, which hinders effective communication, science-based decision-making, and efforts to address society's greatest challenges.We will 1) explore how key dimensions of scientific trustworthiness and credibility affect public acceptance of scientific claims; 2) identify how communication about controversial science aligns with or undermines public perceptions of scientific trustworthiness and credibility; and 3) explore how communication and engagement strategies can be designed to enhance perceptions of scientific trustworthiness and credibility. We will strengthen surveillance of substance misuse in Iowa, with a particular focus on intergenerational impacts, through 1) improved data linkages and 2) ethnographic assessments. We will create strategies to proactively identify and support children and families experiencing substance use. This project promotes health equity through providing a better understanding of the policies, systems and environments that create and ameliorate the multifactorial risk factors and impacts of substance misuse on priority populations.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? IMPACT: This project period, we focused especially on 1) furthering understanding of best practices by Midwestern farmers to produce food with environmental stewardship under conditions of climate change, 2) improving quality of life in small Iowa towns, and 3) discovering the social dimensions of community, food, and agricultural systems. Findings can help extension educators to develop outreach programs that are sensitive to farmers' views and social dynamics. Key Initiative. The Iowa Farm and Rural Life Poll collects and disseminates information on issues of importance to farmers and agricultural stakeholders across Iowa and the Midwest. The Farm Poll has been conducted annually since 1982, making it the longest-running survey of its kind in the nation. The information gathered is used by local, state, and national leaders in their decision-making processes. We thank the many farm families who participate in this project. Key Initiative. The Iowa Small Towns Project assesses local services and amenities, social conditions, and quality of life to inform policy discussions that affect rural areas and small towns in Iowa. The poll allows us to provide unique insights into the changes occurring in small towns across Iowa and the Midwest and relay this information to inform community development and policy discussions. Key Findings Despite the potential benefits of cropping systems diversity, few farmers in the US Corn Belt use diverse rotations. We found that Shrink-Smart towns are small in size, have more children that live in two-parent families, and have more college graduates. Biotech news coverage in English-language Russian media fits the profile of the Russian information warfare strategy described in recent military reports. This finding raises the question of whether Russia views the dissemination of anti-GMO information as just one of many divisive issues it can exploit as part of its information war, or if GMOs serve more expansive disruptive purposes. Specific Accomplishments Objective 1: Advance understanding of the human dimensions and dynamics of changes in agricultural production and processing. We found that greater techno-optimism can reduce farmers' support for climate change adaptation and increase their propensity to express a preference to delay adaptation-related actions. Findings can help extension educators to develop outreach programs that are sensitive to farmers' views about the ability of science and technology to solve climate change-related issues. Farmers in more diversified watersheds, those who farm marginal land, and those with livestock are more likely to use extended rotations. We discovered that vulnerability assessments that rely only on objective measures might miss important sociocognitive dimensions of capacity. Using a grounded theory approach, we identified a "soil stewardship ethic," which exemplifies how farmers are talking about building the long-term sustainability of their farm operation in light of more variable and extreme weather events. Findings suggest that farmers' shifting relationship with their soil resources may act as a kind of social-ecological feedback that enables farmers to implement adaptive strategies (e.g., no-till farming, cover crops) that build resilience in the face of increasingly variable and extreme weather. Managing soil health to mitigate weather-related risks and preserving soil resources for future generations may provide a pragmatic solution for helping farmers to reorient farm production practices, which would have soil building and soil saving at their center. Although farmers have a range of conservation practices available, adoption rates for these practices are not optimal. We found that farmers who were more engaged in agricultural organizations and social networks tended to report greater diversity in nutrient best management practices. Conversely, less "connected" farmers reported less management practice diversity. Objective Two: Improve understanding of the socioeconomic and demographic factors that affect the social capital and public policy conditions of rural communities. We found that community resiliency is enhanced by creating bridging social capital and that the quantity of both internal and external linking social capital promotes resiliency by linking residents to local and outside power structures. Jobs in goods-producing industries like manufacturing directly promote resiliency by providing more secure employment, plus indirectly promoting it by increasing bridging ties and external linkages. We found that Shrink-Smart towns are small in size; have more children that live in two-parent families; and have more college graduates. Shrink-Smart towns are closely tied to agriculture; and have managed to grow their industrial employment base. Shrink-Smart towns have diverse social linkages; more participation in local projects; and belong to more organizations. Shrink-Smart towns are better-kept, more open to new ideas, more trusting, and viewed as safer places. Earnings in rural Iowa fell sharply this past year driven by farm losses. Non-metro income growth was flat this past year, but it is still higher than five years ago. Poverty ticked down slightly and is much lower than in 2012. Non-metro populations continue to decline, losing people under 55 years of age but also elders over 75 years. Senior population is booming in metro Iowa. Objective Three: Advance understanding of the political, attitudinal, and gendered social dynamics of community, food, and agricultural systems. We found that women's access, control and decision-making power over dairy production and income empowered women by providing important economic benefits. However, women spent significantly more time on domestic and care work than men. Thus, women's empowerment is not simply a function of increasing assets and income. Biotech news coverage in English-language Russian media fits the profile of the Russian information warfare strategy described in recent military reports. This finding raises the question of whether Russia views the dissemination of anti-GMO information as just one of many divisive issues it can exploit as part of its information war, or if GMOs serve more expansive disruptive purposes. Distinctive patterns in Russian news provide evidence of a coordinated information campaign that could turn public opinion against genetic engineering. We explored how new technologies might influence the structure and role of research for sustainable development, ownership of resources, and access and benefit sharing. We explored potential responses to political and institutional challenges and identified a set of broad principles that could guide the global community as it seeks or considers solutions. We discovered that a diverse undergraduate student body, high graduation rate, and public university status are strong, positive, and robustly associated with institutional return on investment. We found that the long-run trend has been toward greater mobility and a more open global stratification system that coincides with recent declines in between-nation income and education inequality. We found that majorities believe development brings greater personal freedom, democracy, and human rights. And we discovered that more personal freedom contributes to development. These findings provide support for the idea that developmental idealism beliefs concerning freedom, democracy, and human rights have diffused to lay publics.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Gardezi, M. and J.G. Arbuckle. 2018. Techno-optimism and farmers attitudes toward climate change adaptation. Environment and Behavior. DOI: 10.1177/0013916518793482.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Roesch-McNally, G.E., J.G. Arbuckle, and J.C. Tyndall. 2018. Barriers to implementing climate resilient agricultural strategies: The case of crop diversification in the U.S. Corn Belt. Global Environmental Change 48:206-215.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Gardezi, M. and J.G. Arbuckle. 2018. Spatially Representing Vulnerability to Extreme Rain Events Using Midwestern Farmers' Objective and Perceived Attributes of Adaptive Capacity. Risk Analysis. DOI: 10.1111/risa.12943
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Roesch-McNally, G.E., J.G. Arbuckle, and J.C. Tyndall. 2018. Soil as social-ecological feedback: Examining the ethic of soil stewardship among Corn Belt farmers. Rural Sociology. 83(1):145-173.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Bates, H. and J.G. Arbuckle. 2017. Understanding Predictors of Nutrient Management Practice Diversity in Midwestern Agriculture. Journal of Extension 55(6)
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Han, G., E.D. Schoolman, L.W. Morton, J.G. Arbuckle. 2018. 2017 Survey of Specialty Crop Growers in Ohio Sociology. Technical Report 1053/HE2018-01. Ames, IA: Iowa State University Extension.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Han, G., E.D. Schoolman, L.W. Morton, J.G. Arbuckle. 2018. 2017 Survey of Specialty Crop Growers in Michigan. Sociology Technical Report 1054/HE2018-02. Ames, IA: Iowa State University Extension.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Han, G., E.D. Schoolman, L.W. Morton, J.G. Arbuckle. 2018. 2017 Survey of Specialty Crop Growers in Michigan and Ohio. Sociology Technical Report 1055/HE2018-03. Ames, IA: Iowa State University Extension.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Bain, C., E. Ransom and I. Halimatusadiyah.* 2018. Weak Winners of Womens Empowerment: The Gendered Effects of Dairy Livestock Assets on Time Poverty in Uganda. Journal of Rural Studies. 61(July):100-109
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Dorius, Shawn F and Carolyn Lawrence-Dill. (2018). Sowing the seeds of skepticism: Russian state news and anti-GMO sentiment GM Crops and Food. 9(2):53-58
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Halewood, Michael, Tinashe Chiurugw, Ruaraidh Sackville Hamilton, Brad Kurtz, Emily Marden, Eric Welch, Frank Michiels, Javad Mozafari, Muhamad Sabran, Nicola Patron, Pat Mooney, Paul Kersey, Ruth Bastow, Shawn Dorius, Sonia Ricardo Dias, Susan McCouch, and Wayne Powell. (2018). Plant genetic resources for food and agriculture: Opportunities and challenges emerging from the science and information technology revolution New Phytologist, 217(4):14071419
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Dorius, Shawn F, Tandberg, David, and Brigette Cram (2017). Accounting for institutional variation in expected returns to higher education. Education Policy Analysis Archives, (25)110:1-35
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Thornton, Arland, Shawn F. Dorius, Mansoor Moadell, Linda Young-Demarco and Jeffrey Swindell. (2017). Middle eastern beliefs about the causal linkages of development to freedom, democracy, and human rights, Sociology of Development. 3(1): 70-94
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Bastow, Ruth, Richard Bruskiewich, Carolyn Lawrence-Dill, Shawn Dorius, Paul Kersey, Emily Marden, Nicola Patron, Ruaraidh Sackville Hamilton, Norman Warthmann . (2017). Open access to digital sequence information benefits the three objectives of the convention on biological diversity. Published by Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Halewood, Michael; Chiurugwi, Tinashe; Sackville Hamilton, Ruaraidh; Kurtz, Brad; marden, Emily; Welch, Eric; Michiels, Frank; Mozafari, Javad; Sabran, Muhamad; Patron, Nicola; Mooney, Pat; Kersey, Paul; Bastow, Ruth; Dorius, Shawn; Ricardo Dias, Sonia; McCouch, Susan; Powell, Wayne. (2017). The implications for the objectives of the Treaty of the technologies underlying the DivSeek initiative. A report by DivSeek stakeholders to the Secretary of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. NCP GB7-019 DivSeek Report.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Peters, D., Hamideh, S., Zarecor, K., & Ghandour, M. Using Entrepreneurial Social Infrastructure to Understand Smart Shrinkage in Small Towns. Journal of Rural Studies 64: 39-49 (JCR=3.46, SJR=3.64).
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Peters, D. Rural Iowa At a Glance, 2017 Edition. SOC 3086, January. Iowa State University Extension.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Peters, D., Fisher, H.*, & Zarecor, K. 2017 Shrink-Smart Small Towns: Communities Can Still Thrive as They Lose Population. SOC 3083, November. Iowa State University Extension.


Progress 08/01/17 to 09/30/17

Outputs
Target Audience:Citizens, leaders of public- and private-sector agencies and organizations, owners and managers of business firms, and policy makers living in rural places. Leaders and community representatives of Iowa's small towns. Persons living in poverty and near poverty in rural places. Entrepreneurs and those agencies and organizations that seek to facilitate private-sector entrepreneurship in rural places. farm owners and managers, farm families, and rural community leaders. Consumers and representatives of the U.S. food system. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Nothing Reported How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Research results are presented at academic meetings, particularly the Rural Sociological Society, as well as other academic workshops and conferences. A key aspect of our program is dissemination of information to non-academic audiences. We focus especially upon dissemination to farmer organizations, cooperatives, and interest-area agencies. Survey data on farmer opinions of current issues facing agricultural production and natural resource conservation are distributed to agencies and organizations in Iowa as part of the planned activities of the Iowa Farm and Rural Life Poll. Results from research on rural entrepreneurship, Results of the study of 99 Iowa towns are made available at the department web site. Project researchers deliver presentations to community, organizational, and state level audiences. Often, members of the project are contacted by media representatives to provide their insights regarding current events or press releases related to their academic publications. These activities include providing interviews for radio and television broadcasts as well as information for print media. Examples include but are not limited to widespread notification of the results of the Iowa Farm and Rural Life Poll and the Small Towns Project. Results of studies on consumer trust in the U.S. food system are distributed widely to several hundred leading representatives of the food system at the annual Food Summit and through the ongoing activities of the Center for Food Integrity. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?In addition to continuing the Iowa Farm and Rural Life Poll and Small Towns projects, this project will add three initiatives: The Shrink Smart Project addresses the false premise that shrinking towns equal withering towns. In comparison with other small communities, shrink-smart towns in general: have much lower population densities, indicating smart towns are geographically larger. are more closely tied to agriculture and have grown their industrial employment base. have higher and growing home values. have more children that live in two-parent families and have more college graduates. have diverse and inclusive social linkages, and citizens participating more in community projects, and belonging to more organizations. are better-kept, more open to new ideas, more trusting, and viewed as safer places. Researchers associated with this project provide recommendations for towns to maintain quality: bridge social capital, increase civic engagement, and create a culture of openness and support. These suggestions are prioritized because they are inexpensive to implement, can be acted upon in the near-term, and success does not depend on outside socioeconomic or political forces. In other words, it's within a community's power to be successful in implementing these recommendations. Public Engagement in Adoption of Genome Editing Genome editing offers tremendous possibilities for efficiently developing plant traits to maintain agricultural productivity, while limiting negative environmental effects. However, gene-edited foods will likely create social conflict and pose major governance challenges because of the scientific complexity and disruptive potential of novel genome-editing technologies, existing social controversies about current biotechnologies, and the ad hoc nature of current biotech regulations (Sciences, Medicine et al. 2017). Our long-term goal is to identify key inducements and impediments to public trust of gene-edited foods and their governance. To achieve this goal, our interdisciplinary team of experts, together with input from our advisory board and engagement with stakeholders, will address the following objectives concerning gene-edited foods: (1) Identify and characterize existing regulations and gaps and identify and evaluate extra regulatory governance instruments to address these gaps. (2) Identify key gaps in public trust of gene-edited foods, and determine the major individual, informational, and institutional factors that influence perceptions of trust. (3) Establish national recommendations for key stakeholders involved in gene-edited foods to develop science communication strategies, public engagement, and governance tools that can enhance public trust in gene edited foods. Our main outcome is provide recommendations for key stakeholders on governance strategies and tools that will respond to gaps identified in public trustworthiness related to gene edited foods. The Reduction of Opioid Hazards This project will establish a national stakeholder advisory panel on non-metro opioid hazards. Second, to understand how economic restructuring, farm concentration, social disorganization, and government capacity affects opioid hazards across place and time using secondary data and multilevel structural models. Third, to understand effective local responses that increase community resilience or vulnerability to opioid hazards using qualitative case studies in 12 communities. Fourth, identify and disseminate to stakeholders place-based strategies that have been effective at reducing opioid hazards. Fifth, develop and deploy a real-time indicator of local opioid hazards using Big Data methods (web scraping and machine learning). This project addresses the AFRI (A1661) priorities for rural communities, as the opioid crisis is a pressing rural problem that negatively affects economic development, local government and social services, and social inequality.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Summary This renewed Hatch project began in August, 2017. During this period, the project includedtwo ongoing initiatives associated with this project's objectives andwith previous, completed Hatch projects in the Department of Sociology at Iowa State University: The Iowa Small Towns Project is an integrated research and extension effort to better understand the conditions and issues facing small Midwestern communities in the 21st century. Using data from small towns that has been continuously collected since 1994, the project: (i) produces academic papers to further our research mission, and (ii) develops and delivers community outreach materials to further our extension mission. No other project examines aspects of community life for such a large number of small towns over such a long period of time. This project allows us to provide unique insights into the changes occurring in small towns across Iowa and the Midwest. The Iowa Farm and Rural Life Poll collects and disseminates information on issues of importance to farmers and agricultural stakeholders across Iowa and the Midwest. The Farm Poll has been conducted annually since 1982, making it the longest-running survey of its kind in the nation. The information gathered is used by local, state, and national leaders in their decision-making processes. We thank the many farm families who participate in this project. There are no specific accomplishments to report during this 2-month project period. Specific accomplishments, activities, and findingswill be reported in future years.

Publications