Progress 10/01/17 to 09/30/21
Outputs
Target Audience:One target audience reached during this reporting period was the group of scientists and their graduate students from other research stations participating and collaborating in the Multistate Project NE-1727. This group holds annual meetings hosted by one of the collaborating stations, in person or by remote connection, for exchange and discussion of new research data, methodology, andplanning for future specific projects. Another target audience reached were the scientists and other attendees at Annual Meetings of ADSA (American Dairy Science Association). Attendees were engagedin discussions regarding the updated datasets and results available on the reproduction phenotypes associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms in 5 genes (GHR, IGF-I, TNFa, TLR-4, and PON1). Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Undergraduate students were trained by the PI and a technician to collect and extract DNA from blood samples and to conductPCR for genotyping by RFLP procedures ofsingle nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in dairy cows. The students were expected to gain experience with logging and manipulating genotype data in Excel spreadsheets for summarization and further analyses. Thus, the students gained important skills for conductingfuture biological research in many fields. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Research publications in scientific journals. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Impact: Increased abundance of specific polymorphic alleles in the IGF-I, TNFα and PON1 genes in Holstein cows arefavorably associated with increased conception rate to 1st AI and a shorter calving to conception interval during lactation i.e., higher fertility. Objectives: With the development of powerful molecular techniques to identify key genes involved in reproduction andgenomic approaches that allow precise selection of specific genotypes, this project investigated individual candidate genes for their association with higher fertility in dairy cattle. We also explored interactions and additive effects of polymorphisms in multiple genes that improve dairy cattlereproductive performance and farm profitability through improved P/AI and a reduction of the calving to conception interval. A. To investigate associations between fertility outcomes and candidate genes. We tested the hypothesis that high vs lowfertility in dairy cows is associated with individual or combined single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes linked to reproductive activity. Blood samples from 750 lactating dairy cows have beencontributedfrom multiple experiment stations in this project for DNA genotyping andcorrelationto pregnancy/fertility phenotype information. DNA has been extracted from blood ofeach cow to genotype SNPs inthe following genes:GHR, IGF-I,TNFα, PON1, and TLR-4. An initialstudy with a different group of dairy cows evaluated the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the PON1 promoter region with plasma PON1 activity in Holstein dairy cows (N=84; Theriogenology 125:302-309). Blood samples werecollected weekly beginning 28 days prior to expected calving and weekly through 6 weeks postpartum for plasma PON1activity analysis. Seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)were identified in the promoter region of the PON1 gene at positions -22, -105, -176, -221, -392, -611 and -676, six of whichwere significantly associated with plasma PON1 activity level. The SNP at position -221 was the most significantly associated withplasma PON1 activity and chosen for further analyses in the larger study group. B. The effects of the candidate genotypes on pregnancy rates to 1st AI and through210 days of lactation was determined. Blood samples and phenotypic data on reproductive wascollectedfrom lactating dairy cows at 7stations (NY, PA, NH, WV, IA, WI, and VA) following the protocol designed at the 2013 annual meeting for NE-1227 collaborative project:DNA and SNP Analysis for Fertility in Dairy Cattle. C.Methods:DNA was extracted, and cows weregenotyped using: AluI polymorphism in the growth hormone receptor (GHR) gene [Theriogenology 80:1061-1066, 2013]; SnaBIpolymorphism in the insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) gene [Acta vet. scand. 55:11, 2013]; RsaI polymorphism in the tumornecrosis factor-α (TNFα) gene [J. Reprod. Dev. 57:135, 2011]; BslI polymorphism in the paraoxonase-1 (PON1) gene [Vet J. 205:101e3, 2015]; AluI polymorphism in the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) gene [Biochem.Genet. DOI 10.1007/s10528-017-9790-0. 2017]. Statistical models (SAS GLM and Glimmix procedures) tested the effects of genotypes and linear contrasts among alleles with station and parity (1 or ≥2) as covariates. Results: Effects of GHR, TLR4 and IGF-I SNPs on days of lactation to pregnancy were not significant individually. The SNP in TNFα did have significant effects on fertility withBB cows expressing lower fertility. In further analyses combining the effects of SNPs in TNFα and IGF-I, cows carrying more favorable alleles (AA for each gene) had fewer days of lactation topregnancy than cows having BB genotype for both (AAAA=112±8 days, BBBB=126±10 days; Linear effect P=0.019). How the effects ofthese SNPs are manifested by differences in fertility cannot be ascertained from this study. However, as examples, the TNFαgene regulates expression of the inflammatory cytokine TNFα in tissues and increased plasma TNFα levels are known toaffect liver function and ovarian follicle development in early lactation. Also, the effects of the GHR-IGF-I system in promotingovarian follicular and luteal function via plasma IGF-I levels are well known. Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is a negative acute phase plasma protein synthesized by the liver that has anti-oxidant activity. The -221 SNP was genotyped in DNA samples from 721 lactating Holstein cows from seven different regional research stations. Groups of cows with at least one A allele in the PON1 gene had a higher conception rate at first artificial insemination and had fewer days of lactation to pregnancy during early lactation than the group of cows with GG genotype. Overall, an A allele in the PON1 gene is associated with higher fertility in early lactation cows. In conclusion The SNP genotypes in genes for TNFa, IGF-I, and PON1 were significantly associated with a reduced calving to conception interval in lactating dairy cows studied on this Multistate NE-1727 project. These SNPs may provide novel geneticmarkers for evaluating fertility in future studies in dairy cows. In addition, these polymorphisms may be components for genetic selection to optimize reproductive health and performance of future offspring for the dairy industry.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Silveira, P.A.S., Augusto Schneider, Sara LaCount, T.R. Overton, and W.R. Butler. Association of polymorphisms in the TNFa and TLR4 genes with reproductive performance, energy balance and
health of Holstein dairy cows. (In Preparation).
Cheong,S.H., O. G. Sa Filho, V. A. Absal�n Medina, A. Schneider, W. R. Butler, and R. O. Gilbert. Uterine and systemic inflammation influences ovarian follicular function in postpartum dairy cows. PLoS One 12 (5):e0177356, 2017.
Ehrhardt, R. A., Foskolos, A., Giesy, S. L., Wesolowski, S. R., Krumm, C. S., Butler, W. R., Quirk, S. M., Waldron, M. R., Boisclair, Y. R. Increased plasma leptin attenuates adaptive metabolism in early lactating dairy cows. Journal of Endocrinology, 229:145-157, 2016.
Butler, W.R., A. Schneider, P.A.S. Silveira, D.H. Townson, P.C.W. Tsang, R.A. Dailey, T.L. Ott, and J.L. Pate. Effects of polymorphisms in GHR, IGFI, and TNFa genes on fertility in lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 101:288, 2018. (Abstract)
Silveira, P. A. S., W. R. Butler, T. C. da Silva, C. C. Barros, M. N. Correa, and A. Schneider. Association of polymorphisms in the IGF-I, GHR, and STAT5A genes with serum IGF-I concentration and reproductive performance of Holstein dairy cows. Anim Reprod.Sci. 211(https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.106206):106206, 2019.
Silveira, P.A.S., W.R. Butler, S.E. LaCount, T.R. Overton, C.C. Barros, and A. Schneider. Polymorphisms in the antioxidant paraoxonase-1 (PON1) gene associated with fertility of postpartum dairy cows. Theriogenology 125:302-309, 2019.
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Progress 10/01/19 to 09/30/20
Outputs
Target Audience:One target audience reached during this reporting period was the group of scientists and their graduate students from other research stations participating and collaborating in the Multistate Project NE-1727. This group met in May 2019 for an annual meeting hosted by University of Kentucky for exchange and discussion of new research data, methodology, and planning for future specific projects and again "virtually" in May, 2020. Another target audience reached were the scientists and other attendees at the 2019 Annual Meeting of ADSA (American Dairy Science Association) June 2019, in Cincinnati, OH. Attendees were engaged in discussions regarding the updated datasets and results available on the reproduction phenotypes associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms in 5 genes (GHR, IGF-I, TNFa, TLR-4, and PON1). Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Undergraduate students were trained by the PI and a technician to collect and extract DNA from blood samples and to conduct PCR for genotyping by RFLP procedures for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in dairy cows. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Research publications in scientific journals. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Impact: Increased abundance of specific polymorphic alleles in the IGF-I,TNFα and PON1 genes in Holstein cows are favorably associated with increased conception rate to 1st AI and a shorter calving to conception interval during lactation i.e., higher fertility. Objective 3: With the development of powerful molecular techniques to identify key genes involved in reproduction and genomic approaches that allow precise selection of specific genotypes, it will be possible during this project to understand and select for higher fertility in dairy cattle. We also intend to develop management strategies that maximize dairy cattle reproductive performance and farm profitability through improved P/AI and a reduction of the interbreeding interval. A. To investigate associations between fertility outcomes and candidate genes. We will test the hypothesis that high vs low fertility in dairy cows is associated with individual or combined single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes linked to reproductive activity. Blood samples from 750 lactating dairy cows have been contributed from multiple experiment stations in this project for DNA genotyping and correlation to pregnancy/fertility phenotype information. DNA has been extracted from blood of each cow to genotype SNPs in the following genes: GHR, TNFα, PON1, TLR-4 and IGF-1. B. The effects of these and additional candidate genotypes on pregnancy rates to 1st AI and through 210 days of lactation will be determined. Blood samples and phenotypic data on reproductive performance has been collected from lactating dairy cows at 7 stations (NY, PA, NH, WV, IA, WI, and VA) following the protocol designed at the 2013 annual meeting for NE-1227 collaborative project: DNA and SNP Analysis for Fertility in Dairy Cattle: C. Methods: DNA was extracted and cows were genotyped using: AluI polymorphism in the growth hormone receptor (GHR) gene [Theriogenology 80:1061-1066, 2013]; SnaBI polymorphism in the insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) gene [Acta vet. scand. 55:11, 2013]; RsaI polymorphism in the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) gene [J. Reprod. Dev. 57:135, 2011]. Statistical models (SAS GLM and Glimmix procedures) tested the effects of genotypes and linear contrasts among alleles with station and parity (1 or ≥2) as covariates. Results: Effects of GHR and IGFI SNPs individually were not significant. The SNP in TNFα had significant effects on fertility; BB cows being most disadvantaged. Neither IGFI nor TNFα SNPs had a linear effect on days to pregnancy. However, combining the effects of SNPs in TNFα + IGFI, cows carrying more favorable alleles (AA for each gene) had fewer DIM to pregnancy than cows having BB genotype for both (AAAA=112±8 DIM, BBBB=126±10 DIM; Linear effect P=0.019). How the effects of these SNPs are manifested by differences in fertility cannot be ascertained from this study. However, as examples, the TNFα gene regulates expression of the inflammatory cytokine TNFα in tissues and increased plasma TNFα levels are known to affect liver function and ovarian follicle development in early lactation. Also, the effects of the GHR-IGFI system in promoting ovarian follicular and luteal function via plasma IGFI levels are well known. Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is a negative acute phase plasma protein synthesized by the liver that has anti-oxidant activity. A further study evaluated the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the PON1 promoter region (enzyme BslI; Theriogenology 125:302-309) with plasma PON1 activity and fertility in Holstein dairy cows N=68). Blood samples were collected weekly beginning 28 days prior to expected calving and weekly through 6 weeks postpartum for plasma PON1 activity analysis. Cows were synchronized for ovulation and timed AI at 63-70 DIM, pregnancy was diagnosed, and reproductive performance data was recorded until 210 DIM. Seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified in the promoter region of the PON1 gene at positions -22, -105, -176, -221, -392, -611 and -676, six of which were significantly associated with plasma PON1 activity level. The SNPs -221 and -392 were significantly associated with plasma PON1 activity, conception rate % to first AI, and the calving to conception interval (P<0.05), but with no significant effect on calving to first ovulation interval. In conclusion: The SNP genotypes in genes for TNFa, IGF-I, and PON1 were associated with a reduced calving to conception interval in lactating dairy cows studied on this Multistate project. These SNPs may provide novel genetic markers for improved fertility in future studies in dairy cows.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Silveira, P.A.S., Augusto Schneider, Sara LaCount, T.R. Overton, and W.R. Butler. Association of polymorphisms in the TNFa and TLR4 genes with reproductive performance, energy balance and health of Holstein dairy cows. (In Preparation).
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Progress 10/01/18 to 09/30/19
Outputs
Target Audience:One target audience reached during this reporting period was the group of scientists and their graduate students from other research stations participating and collaborating in the Multistate Project NE-1727. This group met in May 2019for the annual meeting hosted by University of Kentucky for exchange and discussion of new research data, methodology, and planning for future specific projects. Another target audience reached were the scientists and other attendees at the 2019Annual Meeting of ADSA (American Dairy Science Association) June 2019, in Cincinnati,OH. Attendees were engaged in discussions regarding the updated datasets available on the reproduction phenotypes associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms in 5 genes (GHR, IGF-I, TNFa, TLR-4, and PON1). Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Undergraduate students were trained by the PI and a technician to collect and extract DNA from blood samples and to carry out PCR for genotyping by RFLP procedures forsingle nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in dairy cows. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The results have been published in peer-reviewed scientific journal articles and abstracts and, thus, made available to other scientists, veterinarians, and agriservice consultants with interests in improving reproductive performance of dairy cows. The new results have been conveyed to participants of the NE-1727 Multistate project for discussion and interpretation. The 2019 Herd Health and Nutrition Conference sponsored by ProDairy and Cornell University was held April 8-9, 2019 in East Syracuse, NY. A presentation given by W.R. Butler was entitled "Nutrition and reproduction in transition cows" and discussed the negative caryover effects of inflammation following calving on future reproductive performance in cows. TNFa is an important cytokine involved in inflammation and the TNFa genotypes among cows are significantly assciated withpregnancy rates during lactation in the current project. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Objective 3 • TLR-4, PON1 and COQ9 SNP genotyping will be investigated on the current multistate DNA sample set (~470 cows). Additional samples (~280 cows) have been received from 3 stations to expand the DNA sample set and the genotyping of these will be expanded to include IGF-I, TNFa, PON1, and COQ9SNP's.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Impact: Increased abundance of specific polymorphic alleles in the IGF-I,TNFα and PON1 genes in Holstein cows are favorably associated with increased conception rate to 1st AI and a shorter calving to conception interval during lactation ie. higher fertility. Objective 3: With the development of powerful molecular techniques to identify key genes involved in reproduction and genomic approaches that allow precise selection of specific genotypes, it will be possible during this project to understand and select for higher fertility in dairy cattle. We also intend to develop management strategies that maximize dairy cattle.reproductive performance and farm profitability through improved P/AI and a reduction of the interbreeding interval. 1. Investigate associations between fertility outcomes and SNP in candidate genes. We will test the hypothesis that high vs low fertility in dairy cows is associated with individual or combined SNPs in genes linked to reproductive activity. Blood samples from ~1000 lactating dairy cows have been requested for contribution from multiple experiment stations for DNA genotyping that will be correlated to pregnancy/fertility phenotype information. DNA will be extracted from blood to genotype GHR, TNFα, and IGF-1 in each cow. The effects of these and additional candidate genotypes on pregnancy rates to 1st AI and through 210 days of lactation will be determined. Blood samples and phenotypic data on reproductive performance were collected from lactating dairy cows at 4 stations (NY, PA, NH and WVU) following the protocol designed at the 2013 annual meeting. DNA and SNP Analysis for Fertility in Dairy Cattle: NE-1227 collaborative project. DNA was extracted and cows were genotyped for: AluI polymorphism in the growth hormone receptor (GHR) gene [Theriogenology 80:1061-1066, 2013]; SnaBI polymorphism in the insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) gene [Acta vet. scand. 55:11, 2013]; RsaI polymorphism in the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) gene [J. Reprod. Dev. 57:135, 2011]. Statistical models (SAS GLM and Glimmix procedures) tested the effects of genotypes and linear contrasts among alleles with station and parity (1 or ≥2) as covariates. Results: Effects of GHR and IGFI SNPs individually were not significant. The SNP in TNFα had significant effects on fertility; BB cows being most disadvantaged. Neither IGFI nor TNFα SNPs had a linear effect on days to pregnancy. However, combining the effects of SNPs in TNFα + IGFI, cows carrying more favorable alleles (AA for each gene) had fewer DIM to pregnancy than cows having BB genotype for both (AAAA=112±8, BBBB=126±10; Linear effect P=0.019). How the effects of these SNPs are manifested by differences in fertility cannot be ascertained from this study. However, as examples, the TNFα gene regulates expression of the inflammatory cytokine TNFα in tissues and increased plasma TNFα levels are known to affect liver function and ovarian follicle development in early lactation. Also, the effects of the GHR-IGFI system in promoting ovarian follicular and luteal function via plasma IGFI levels are well known. Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is a negative acute phase plasma protein synthesized by the liver that has anti-oxidant activity. This study evaluated the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the PON1 promoter region (enzyme BslI; Theriogenology 125:302-309) with plasma PON1 activity and fertility in Holstein dairy cows N=68). Blood samples were collected weekly beginning 28 days prior to expected calvingand weekly through 6 weeks postpartum for plasma PON1 activity analysis. Cows were synchronized for ovulation and timed AI at 63-70 DIM, pregnancy was diagnosed,andreproductive performance data was recorded until 210 DIM. Seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified in the promoter region of the PON1 gene at positions -22, -105, -176, -221, -392, -611 and -676, six of which were significantly associated with plasma PON1 activity level. The SNPs -221 and -392 were significantly associated with both plasma PON1 activity and the calving to conception interval (P<0.05) with no significant effect on calving to first ovulation interval. In conclusion, the genotypes associated with higher plasma PON1 activity in SNP locations -221 and -392 were also associated with a reduced calving to conception interval in this study set of cows. These SNPs may provide novel genetic markers for improved fertility in future larger studies in dairy cows.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
P. A. S. Silveira, W. R. Butler, T. C. da Silva, C. C. Barros, M. N. Correa, and A. Schneider. Association of polymorphisms in the IGF-I, GHR, and STAT5A genes with serum IGF-I concentration and reproductive performance of Holstein dairy cows. Anim Reprod.Sci. 211(https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.106206):106206, 2019.
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Progress 10/01/17 to 09/30/18
Outputs
Target Audience:One target audience reached during this reporting period was the group of scientists and their graduate students from other research stations participating and collaborating in the Multistate Project NE-1727. This group met in May 2018 for the annual meeting hosted by Cornell University for exchange and discussion of new research data, methodology, and planning for future specific projects. Another target audience reached were the scientists and other attendees at the 2018 Annual Meeting of ADSA (American Dairy Science Association) in Knoxville, TN. Attendees were able to view posters presented and displayed at the meeting for discussion with the lead author. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Undergraduate students and avisiting graduate student were trained by the PI and a technician to extract DNA from blood samples and to carry out PCR for genotyping of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in dairy cows. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The results have been published in a peer-reviewed scientific journal article and an abstract at a national scientific meeting and, thus, made available to other scientists, veterinarians, and agriservice consultants with interests in improving reproductive performance of dairy cows. The new results have been conveyed to participants of the NE-1727 Multistate project for discussion and interpretation. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Objective 3 TLR-4, PON1 and COQ9 SNP genotyping will be investigated on the multistate DNA sample set.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Impact: Increased abundance of specific polymorphic alleles in the IGF-I and TNFα genes in Holstein cows are favorably associated with increased conception rate to 1st AI and a shorter calving to conception interval during lactation ie. higher fertility. Objective 3: With the development of powerful molecular techniques to identify key genes involved in reproduction and genomic approaches that allow precise selection of specific genotypes, it will be possible during this project to understand and select for higher fertility in dairy cattle. We also intend to develop management strategies that maximize dairy cattle reproductive performance and farm profitability through improved P/AI and a reduction of the interbreeding interval. Investigate associations between fertility outcomes and SNP in candidate genes. We will test the hypothesis that high vs low fertility in dairy cows is associated with individual or combined SNPs in genes linked to reproductive activity. Blood samples from ~1000 lactating dairy cows have been requested for contribution from multiple experiment stations for DNA genotyping that will be correlated to pregnancy/fertility phenotype information. DNA will be extracted from blood to genotype GHR, TNFα, and IGF-1 in each cow. The effects of these and additional candidate genotypes on pregnancy rates to 1st AI and through 210 days of lactation will be determined. Blood samples and phenotypic data on reproductive performance were collected from lactating dairy cows at 4 stations (NY, PA, NH and WVU) following the protocol designed at the 2013 annual meeting. DNA and SNP Analysis for Fertility in Dairy Cattle: NE-1227 collaborative project. DNA was extracted and cows were genotyped for: AluI polymorphism in the growth hormone receptor (GHR) gene [Theriogenology 80:1061-1066, 2013]; SnaBI polymorphism in the insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) gene [Acta vet. scand. 55:11, 2013]; RsaI polymorphism in the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) gene [J. Reprod. Dev. 57:135, 2011]. Statistical models (SAS GLM and Glimmix procedures) tested the effects of genotypes and linear contrasts among alleles with station and parity (1 or ≥2) as covariates. Results for effects of genotypes on conception rate and DIM to pregnancy are presented in Table 1. Effects of GHR and IGFI SNPs were not significant. The SNP in TNFα had significant effects on fertility; BB cows being most disadvantaged. Neither IGFI nor TNFα SNPs had a linear effect on days to pregnancy. However, combining the effects of SNPs in TNFα + IGFI, cows carrying more favorable alleles (AA for each gene) had fewer DIM to pregnancy than cows having BB genotype for both (AAAA=112±8, BBBB=126±10; Linear effect P=0.019). How the effects of these SNPs are manifested by differences in fertility cannot be ascertained from this study. However, as examples, the TNFα gene regulates expression of the inflammatory cytokine TNFα in tissues and increased plasma TNFα levels are known to affect liver function and ovarian follicle development in early lactation. Also, the effects of the GHR-IGFI system in promoting ovarian follicular and luteal function via plasma IGFI levels are well known. Table 1. Conception rate % to 1st AI and days in milk to pregnancy.* Gene Genotypes P-value AA AB BB GHR n 189 60 210 CR% 1st AI 0.38 ± 0.04 0.37 ± 0.07 0.41 ± 0.04 0.737 D to Pregnancy* 106 ± 3 102 ± 6 97 ± 3 0.177 IGFI n 141 235 74 CR% 1st AI 0.42 ± 0.05 0.42 ± 0.04 0.28 ± 0.06 0.116 D to Pregnancy* 102 ± 4 105 ± 3 111 ± 6 0.358 TNFα n 49 225 179 CR% 1st AI 0.41 ± 0.07 0.44 ± 0.04 0.33 ± 0.04 0.098 D to Pregnancy* 104 ± 6 98 ± 4 113 ± 4 0.007 Contrast AA + AB vs. BB 0.015
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Silveira,P.A.S., W.R. Butler, S.E. LaCount, T.R. Overton, C.C. Barros, and A.Schneider. Polymorphisms in the anti-oxidant paraoxonase-1 (PON1) gene associated with fertility of postpartum dairy cows. Theriogenology 125:302-309, 2019.
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