MANAGEMENT PRACTICES FOR PRODUCTION OF GOATS IN THE SOUTH-CENTRAL U.S.

• Sponsoring Institution: National Institute of Food and Agriculture
• Project Status: COMPLETE
• Funding Source: EVANS-ALLEN
• Reporting Frequency: Annual
• Accession No.: 1012650
• Project Start Date: May 31, 2017
• Project End Date: May 30, 2022
• Program Code: [(N/A)]- (N/A)

Recipient Organization
LANGSTON UNIVERSITY
(N/A)
LANGSTON,OK 73050

Performing Department
Agri Res & Extension Center

Non Technical Summary
Goat production is the most rapidly growing livestock industry in the U.S. Nevertheless, much less research has been conducted with goats than with other livestock species. There are many factors limiting levels and efficiencies of production by goats that restrict economic returns from production. A series of experiments will be conducted to study goat production/management practices and milk and skin/leather product technologies to increase the level and efficiency of goat productivity for increased profitability from goat production and lower costs to consumers of goat products.

Animal Health Component

70%

Research Effort Categories

Basic

30%

Applied

70%

Developmental

0%

Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)	Subject of Investigation (SOI)	Field of Science (FOS)	Percent
301	3820	1020	10%
302	3820	1010	10%
305	3820	1020	10%
307	3820	1010	20%
308	3820	1020	10%
308	3820	1100	10%
313	3820	1120	10%
313	3820	1020	10%
501	3820	1020	10%

Knowledge Area
302 - Nutrient Utilization in Animals; 313 - Internal Parasites in Animals; 501 - New and Improved Food Processing Technologies; 305 - Animal Physiological Processes; 308 - Improved Animal Products (Before Harvest); 307 - Animal Management Systems; 301 - Reproductive Performance of Animals;

Subject Of Investigation
3820 - Goats, meat, and mohair;

Field Of Science
1120 - Nematology; 1010 - Nutrition and metabolism; 1100 - Bacteriology; 1020 - Physiology;

Keywords

goats

production

management

products

productivity

Goals / Objectives
General objectives of the project are to study goat management practices and product technologies in order to increase the level and efficiency of goat productivity for increased profit from goat production and lower costs to consumers of goat products. Specific objectives are to determine effects of: 1) restricted periods of access to diets of differing quality on feed intake, behavior, and performance of lactating Alpine goats in different stages of lactation; 2) initial body condition and diet nutritive value on performance of Alpine goats and to improve use of body condition score as a management tool by establishing relationships with body mass index; 3) different quality diets and change in quality for growing Alpine doelings on growth and subsequent reproductive and lactation performance; 4) level of salinity of drinking water on feed intake, digestion, and efficiency of energy utilization by Katahdin sheep wethers and Boer goat wethers of different ages; 5) gender and age of Boer goats on the maintenance energy requirement and efficiency of energy use for maintenance and growth; 6) supplementation with the tree legume mimosa by periodic access to pastures with live trees compared with a cut-and-carry approach on performance, nutrient utilization, and behavior of young growing meat goats as well as temporal-spatial relationships between co-grazing goats and sheep; 7) hormonal synchronization treatments and methods of artificial insemination on reproductive performance; 8) the double short estrus synchronization procedure and multiple ovulation protocol on method efficiency and quality profile of retrieved embryos; 9) intra-operative and post-operative complications from castration of meat goats by different methods; 10) method of evaluating udder health to assess subclinical mastitis in Alpine does; 11) a simple, low-cost method of measuring core pile temperature of composted goat carcasses; 12) use of trash barrels vs. traditional piles to compost newborn kid mortality and use of 5-gallon buckets as a composting vessel for cooked and uncooked meat scraps in an aerobic or anaerobic environment; 13) Haemonchus contortus in regulation of the immunity in goats to broaden the understanding of immune responses and the parasite-host interrelationship; 14) subclinical mastitis in dairy goats from coagulase-negative Staphylococci on caseinolysis, milk coagulation properties, and curd yield and microstructure profiles; 15) membrane filtration technology on microbial quality of goat milk and yield and quality of cheese; 16) conducting a genome-wide association study for prediction of propensity for low kid mortality and doe longevity; 17) method of crossbreeding Boer and Spanish goats on preweaning growth and of management system on growth, body composition, and skin and leather properties; 18) hide defects and strength characteristics of skins from goats slaughtered in small scale meat processing plants; and 19) different dietary treatments and skin tannage method on leather strength characteristics of Alpine and Angora wethers.

Project Methods
A series of experiments will be conducted. In many of these experiments most important measures are indices of performance, such as live weight change, reproduction, milk production and composition, and skin/leather characteristics. Measures designed to help explain the presence or absence of treatment responses are often included as well. Some trials are with confined animals in groups or maintained individually and others are on pasture. Feed intake is a key variable in a number of the experiments. Energy requirements of goats will be evaluated in some cases through use of an indirect open-circuit calorimetry system alone or via coupling with measurement of heart rate as an indirect measure of heat energy production. However, the focus of other studies is on topics such as mortality disposal, milk processing, and selection based on DNA analysis. Feed, digesta, blood, tissue samples, milk and cheese samples will be subjected to various laboratory assays. Data from all experiments will be subjected to appropriate statistical analyses, and results will be published in scientific journals, presented at professional meetings, and disseminated to the goat industry through workshops, field days, the internet, a quarterly newsletter, and other methods.

Progress 10/01/20 to 09/30/21

Outputs
Target Audience:Primary target audiences for findings of this project are livestock producers and extension/outreach personnel, animal science researchers and teachers, and livestock allied industries. Changes/Problems:As noted earlier, there have been delays in activities because of COVID-19 conditions, which may lead to a request for an extension to the project. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?There have been numerous participants in the project. Primary ones are faculty and staff of the American Institute for Goat Research. In addition, as noted from authors listed on publications given above and in previous reports, this project has entailed a great deal of collaboration with researchers at other institutions. There have been many individuals from abroad contributing to this research. Visiting researchers from Ethiopia, Brazil, Japan, Morocco, Algeria, and Bolivia have participated in experimentation of this project. Undergraduate students have also taken part in the project. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Principal outputs of the project have been in information dissemination via abstracts and associated poster and oral presentations at meetings of professional scientific societies and publication of findings in peer-reviewed scientific journals. Moreover, information gained has been disseminated through the website of the American Institute for Goat Research and extension activities such as the Annual Goat Field Day, various workshops held throughout the year, the quarterly Goat Newsletter, etc. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Laboratory and statistical analyses at the Institute will continue, along with development of articles to be submitted to peer-review journals. In addition, because of the backlog of samples and impact of COVID-19 conditions and personnel limitations on laboratory analyses in 2019-2021, some samples from these and other experiments are being analyzed for some standard components at a commercial laboratory. Because of COVID-19 restrictions including limited personnel access to campus for an extended period of time, periodic mandatory teleworking periods, and an approximate 6-month university prohibition of conduct of new research involving livestock, some research activities were postponed and(or) delayed. Levels of blood constituents reflective of health status of different hair sheep breeds from four regions/climatic zones of the USA subjected to stress factors of high heat load and limited water availability will be determined. A study will be conducted to determine effects of consumption of different natural sources of saline/brackish water in Oklahoma on feed intake, digestion, metabolism, and performance of two meat goat breeds. A pilot trial will be conducted to evaluate the accuracy and usefulness of floor-collected vs rectal-collected feces of meat goats consuming a forage-based diet in confinement. A study is planned to determine effects of the level and quality of dietary forage and level of ruminally degradable fiber during different periods of lactation on feed intake, digestion, metabolism, behavior, and milk yield and composition of Alpine goats. The Institute has had a monitoring and prevention program for Johne's disease in place for the last few years. In collaboration with Oklahoma State University, activities will continue to learn more about most effective management strategies for this disease in goats and sheep. A trial evaluating persistence of the mycobacterium causing Johne's disease under environmental conditions will be completed in December 2021 with results published in the coming year. A trial evaluating in utero transmission of Johne's disease in pregnant goats is being planned. A study will be conducted to evaluate the accuracy of low-cost-off-the-shelf-components GPS collars with commercially available GPS collars.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? A number of experiments have been conducted as noted below in the publication section. There are some studies in progress, with samples undergoing laboratory and statistical analysis and data interpretation and report preparation underway.

Publications

• Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2021 Citation: MOEHLENPAH, A. N., RIBEIRO, L. P. S., PUCHALA, R., GOETSCH, A. L., BECK, P., PEZESHKI, A., GROSS, M. A., HOLDER, A. L. AND LALMAN, D. L. 2021. Water and forage intake, diet digestibility, and blood parameters of beef cows and heifers consuming water with varying concentrations of total dissolved solids. J. Anim. Sci. 100 (In press). doi:10.1093/jas/skz282.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: RIBEIRO, L. P. S., PUCHALA, R. AND GOETSCH, A. L. 2021. Effects of Sericea lespedeza, an ionohore, and sources of medium- and long-chain fatty acids on body weight, feed intake, digestion, ruminal methane emission, and levels of blood and ruminal fluid constituents of Katahdin and St. Croix hair sheep. Small Rum. Res. 205. 106566. doi.org/10.101b/j.smallrumres.202/106566. 15 pages.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: RIBEIRO, L. P. S., PUCHALA, R., LALMAN, D. L. AND GOETSCH, A. L. 2021. Short communication: The composition of various sources of water in Oklahoma available for consumption by ruminant livestock. Appl. Anim. Sci. 37:595-601. doi.org/10.15232.aas.2021-02192.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: TADESSE, D., PUCHALA, R. AND GOETSCH, A. L. 2021. Effects of restricted feed intake on blood constituent concentrations in Dorper, Katahdin, and St. Croix sheep from different regions of the USA. Vet. Anim. Sci. 14. 100211. doi.org/10.1016.j.vas.2021.100211.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: TSUKAHARA, Y., GIPSON, T. A., HART, S. P., DAWSON, L. J., WANG, Z., SAHLU, T. AND GOETSCH, A. L. 2021. Genetic selection for resistance to gastrointestinal parasitism in meat goats and hair sheep through a performance test with artificial infection with Haemonchus contortus. Animals 11. 1902. doi.org/10.3390/ani11071902.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: TSUKAHARA, Y., GIPSON, T. A., PUCHALA, R. and GOETSCH, A. L. 2021. Selection methods for models to predict feedstuff associative effects in goats. J. Anim. Sci. 99(Suppl.).
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: RIBEIRO, L. P. S., PUCHALA, R. AND GOETSCH, A. L. 2021. Effects of Sericea lespedeza on feed intake, digestion, and ruminal methane emission in hair sheep. J. Anim. Sci. 99(Suppl.).
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: WANG, W., PUCHALA, R., RIBEIRO, L., PORTUGAL, I., GIPSON, T. A. AND GOETSCH, A. L. 2021. Effects of dietary inclusion of Sericea lespedeza hay on behavior, heat energy, and ruminal methane emission by growing Alpine doelings and Katahdin ewe lambs. J. Anim. Sci. 99(Suppl.).
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: TADESSE, D., PUCHALA, R., GIPSON, T. A. AND GOETSCH, A. L. 2021. Effects of feed restriction on blood constituent concentrations in hair sheep. J. Anim. Sci. 99(Suppl.).
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: BELKASMI, F., LOURENCON, R. V., PUCHALA, R., DAWSON, L. J., GIPSON, T. A., RIBEIRO, L. P. S., ENCINAS, F., CALLE, R. M. and GOETSCH, A. L. 2021. Effects of the nutritional plane before and after breeding on performance of different hair sheep breeds. J. Anim. Sci. 99(Suppl.).
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: LOURENCON, R. V., RIBEIRO, L. P. S., PUCHALA, R., WANG, W., GIPSON, T. A. AND GOETSCH, A. L. 2021. Effects of level and source of dietary forage on performance of lactating Alpine goats. J. Anim. Sci. 99(Suppl.).
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: RIBEIRO, L. P. S., PUCHALA, R., MOEHLENPAH, A., MERERA, C. AND GOETSCH, A. L. 2021. Effects of levels of brackish water and NaCl on water and feed intake by different breeds of goat and hair sheep yearlings. J. Anim. Sci. 99(Suppl.).
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: PUCHALA, R., RIBEIRO, L. P. S., LOURENCON, R. V. and GOETSCH, A. L. 2021. Effects of Sericea lespedeza on methane emission and health status in grazing Boer goat wethers. J. Anim. Sci. 99(Suppl.).
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: TSUKAHARA, Y., GIPSON, T. A., HART, S. P., DAWSON, L. J., WANG, Z., PUCHALA, R. AND GOETSCH, A. L. 2021. Genetic and phenotypic correlations for growth and resistance to gastrointestinal parasitism in meat goats and hair sheep. J. Anim. Sci. 99(Suppl.).
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: TSUKAHARA, Y., GIPSON, T. A., HART, S. P., DAWSON, L. J., WANG, Z., PUCHALA, R., SAHLU, T. AND GOETSCH, A. L. 2021. Genetic improvement for resistance to gastrointestinal parasitism in growing meat goats and hair sheep through a centralized performance test in the southcentral USA. J. Anim. Sci. 99(Suppl.).
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: TSUKAHARA, Y., GIPSON, T. A., HART, S. P., DAWSON, L. J., WANG, Z., PUCHALA, R., SAHLU, T. AND GOETSCH, A. L. 2021. Heritability for growth and resistance to gastrointestinal parasitism in meat goats and hair sheep. J. Anim. Sci. 99(Suppl.).
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: KELI, A., MERERA, C., PUCHALA, R., SCRONCE, A., RIBEIRO, L., ROJAS, M. A., CALLE, M. AND GOETSCH, A. L. 2021. Effects of meat goat breed, salinity of drinking water, and level of protein supplementation on intake and digestion. Proc. 2021 Oklahoma Research Day. March 1-5. Virtual.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: TSUKAHARA, Y., PUCHALA, R. AND GOETSCH, A. L. 2021. Predicting feedstuff associative effects in goats. Proc. 2021 Oklahoma Research Day. March 1-5. Virtual.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: RIBEIRO, L. P. S., PUCHALA, R., GIPSON, T. A., LOURENCON, R. V., AND GOETSCH, A. L. 2021. Effects of dietary concentrate level and limited feed access on feed intake and performance by lactating Alpine dairy goats. Proc. 2021 Oklahoma Research Day. March 1-5. Virtual.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: LOURENCON, R. V., DAWSON, L. J., PUCHALA, R., RIBEIRO, L. P. S., GIPSON, T. A., LOETZ, E., ROJAS, M. A., CALLE, M., SCRONCE, A. AND GOETSCH, A. L. 2021. Effects of nutritional plane before breeding on body condition score, mass indexes, and chemical composition of hair sheep. Proc. 2021 Oklahoma Research Day. March 1-5. Virtual.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: WANG, W., PUCHALA, R., RIBEIRO, L. P. S., PORTUGAL, I., GIPSON, T. A. AND GOETSCH, A. L. 2021. Effects of dietary levels of alfalfa and Sericea lespedeza hay on feed intake and growth performance by growing Alpine doelings and Katahdin ewe lambs. Proc. 2021 Oklahoma Research Day. March 1-5. Virtual.

Progress 10/01/19 to 09/30/20

Outputs
Target Audience:Primary target audiences for findings of this project are livestock producers and extension/outreach personnel, animal science researchers and teachers, and livestock allied industries. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?There have been numerous participants in the project. Primary ones are faculty and staff of the American Institute for Goat Research. In addition, as noted from authors listed on publications given above and in previous reports, this project has entailed a great deal of collaboration with researchers at other institutions. There have been many individuals from abroad contributing to this research. Visiting researchers from Ethiopia, Brazil, Japan, Morocco, Algeria, and Bolivia have participated in experimentation of this project. Undergraduate students have also taken part in the project. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Principal outputs of the project have been in information dissemination via abstracts and associated poster and oral presentations at meetings of professional scientific societies and publication of findings in peer-reviewed scientific journals. Moreover, information gained has been disseminated through the website of the American Institute for Goat Research and extension activities such as the Annual Goat Field Day, various workshops held throughout the year, the quarterly Goat Newsletter, etc. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Experimentation will continue to be planned, executed, analyzed, interpreted, and disseminated. Genetic characteristics associated with resilience of hair sheep to stress factors of high heat load, limited drinking water availability, and restricted feed intake will be determined. A study will be conducted to determine effects of high levels of total dissolved salts in drinking water resulting from different levels of a natural source of brackish water compared with additions of minerals extracted from this source and sodium chloride on feed and water intake, digestion, and energy metabolism in mature meat goats and hair sheep of different breeds. An experiment is being planned to evaluate effects of consumption by small ruminants of different types of brackish/saline water found on various farms in Oklahoma that have been characterized in the last year. A protocol is being developed for a study to investigate effects on dairy goat production of different dietary cation-anion differences (DCAD) in late gestation and while lactating, in part to determine if guidelines for dairy cattle apply to Alpine dairy goats. A trial will be conducted to develop equations for predicting behaviors of rumination, eating, and idle from data of an tri-axial accelerometer situated under the chin and walking, standing, lying on the right side, and lying on the left side from data of an accelerometer attached to the leg. Relatedly, a grazing study with goats and sheep will be performed to evaluate use of inexpensive accelerometers produced from off-the-shelf components compared with commercially available and more expensive units. A study to develop and evaluate a method of predicting positive associative effects between feedstuffs may be conducted in the next year or subsequent one.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? A number of experiments have been conducted as noted below in the publication section. There are some studies in progress, with samples undergoing laboratory and statistical analysis and data interpretation and report preparation underway.

Publications

• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: PUCHALA, R., RIBEIRO, L. P. S., LOURENCON, R. V. AND GOETSCH, A. L. 2020. Effects of Sericea lespedeza on methane emission and health status in grazing Boer goat wethers. J. Anim. Sci. 98(Suppl.)
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: GIPSON, T. A., HART, S. P., PUCHALA, R., WANG, Z., QUIJADA, J., GARCIA GILL, M. AND SANDERS, J. 2020. Internal parasite resistance measured on pasture and in confinement of young Kiko bucks. J. Anim. Sci. 98(Suppl.).
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: CALLE, M., ENCINAS, F., DAWSON, L. AND LOETZ, E. 2020. Influence of chorionic gonadotropin, breeding procedures, and GnRH on pregnancy, embryo viability and kidding rate of lactating Alpine goats time-inseminated during the early transitional reproductive phase. International Embryo Technology Society. Abstract no. 80359. January 16-20. New York City, NY.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: LIU, H., GIPSON, T. A., PUCHALA, R. AND GOETSCH, A. L. 2020. Relationships among body condition score, linear measures, body mass index, and growth performance of yearling Alpine doelings. Proc. 2020 Oklahoma Research Day. March 6. Weatherford, OK.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: TADESSE, D., PUCHALA, R. AND GOETSCH, A. L. 2020. Effects of hair sheep breed and region of origin on feed dry matter required for maintenance without and with a marked feed restriction. Proc. 2020 Oklahoma Research Day. March 6. Weatherford, OK.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: LOURENCON, R. V., DAWSON, L. J., PUCHALA, R., RIBEIRO, L. P. S., GIPSON, T. A., ROJAS, M. A., CALLE, M., SCRONCE, A. S. AND GOETSCH, A. L. 2020. Effects of nutritional plane before breeding on performance of hair sheep. Proc. 2020 Oklahoma Research Day. March 6. Weatherford, OK.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: ENCINAS, F., ROJAS, M., DAWSON, L. AND LOETZ, E. 2020. Influence of GnRH given 5 days after intrauterine insemination or natural service on embryo viability and progesterone levels on day 16 and 30 of goats estrus synchronimzed with GnRH or eCG/hCG. Proc. 2020 Oklahoma Research Day. March 6. Weatherford, OK.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: FARRIS, J., ENCINAS, F., CALLE, M. AND LOETZ, E. 2020. Influence of age, parity, breeding procedure, ostium cervix type, and vaginal secretion on depth and time of cervix transversion in Boer goats. Proc. 2020 Oklahoma Research Day. March 6. Weatherford, OK.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: CALLE, M., DAWSON, L., ROJAS, M. AND LOETZ, E. 2020. Pregnancy rate and embryo viability for timed laparoscope-aided insemination in response to chorionic gonadotropins given in the early transitional breeding seasoin and GnRH 5 days post insemination. Proc. 2020 Oklahoma Research Day. March 6. Weatherford, OK.
• Type: Book Chapters Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: DAWSON, L. J., SHIPLEY, C. F., MERKEL, R. AND PUGH, D. G. 2020. Herd and flock health. In: PUGH, D. G., BAIRD, N, EDMONDSON, M. AND PASSLER (Editors), Sheep, Goat, and Cervid Medicine. Third Edition. Elsevier, Inc. Pages 479498.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2020 Citation: MERKEL, R. C. 2020. Mortality Composting. Invited: Webinar series. Agricultural Training Institute, International Training Center for Pig Husbandry, Lipa City, Philippines. July 3.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2019 Citation: GOETSCH, A. L. 2019. Preparation, review, and revision of scientific articles and competitive grant proposal writing. Invited: Workshop. Animal Science Department, Debre Berhan University. Debre Berhan, Ethiopia. November 15.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: HUSSEIN, A., PUCHALA, R., PORTUGAL, I., WILSON, B. K., GIPSON, T. A. AND GOETSCH, A. L. 2020. Effects of restricted availability of drinking water on body weight and feed intake by Dorper, Katahdin, and St. Croix sheep from different regions of the USA. J. Anim. Sci. Vol. 98, No. 1. doi:10.1093/jas/skz367.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: HUSSEIN, A., PUCHALA, R., GIPSON, T. A., TADESSE. D., WILSON, B. K. AND GOETSCH, A. L. 2020. Effects of water restriction on feed intake, digestion, and energy utilization by mature female St. Croix sheep. Vet. Anim. Sci. 10. 100132. doi.org/10.1016/j.vas.2020.100132.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: LIU, H., GIPSON, T. A., PUCHALA, R. AND GOETSCH, A. L. 2019. Relationships among body condition score, linear measures, body mass index, and growth performance of yearling Alpine doelings. Appl. Anim. Sci. 35:511-520. doi.org/10.15232/aas.2019-01877
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: LIU, H. Y., PUCHALA, R., LESHURE, S., GIPSON, T. A., FLYTHE, M. D. AND GOETSCH, A. L. 2019. Effects of lespedeza condensed tannins alone or with monensin, soybean oil, and coconut oil on feed intake, growth, digestion, ruminal methane emission, and heat energy by yearling Alpine doelings. J. Anim. Sci. 97:885-899. doi:10.1093/jas/sky452.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: MERERA, C., KELI, A., PUCHALA, R., SCRONCE, A., RIBEIRO, L., LOURENCON, R., WANG, W. AND GOETSCH, A. L. 2020. Effects of level of protein supplementation on intake of wheat straw and drinking water varying in salinity by Boer and Spanish goats. J. Anim. Sci. 98(Suppl.).
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: RIBEIRO, L. P. S., PUCHALA, R., GIPSON, T. A., LOURENCON, R. V. AND GOETSCH, A. L. 2020. Effects of dietary concentrate level and limited feed access on feed intake and performance by lactating Alpine dairy goats. J. Anim. Sci. 98(Suppl.)
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: WANG, W., PUCHALA, R., RIBEIRO, L., PORTUGAL, I., GIPSON, T. A. AND GOETSCH, A. L. 2020. Effects of dietary levels of alfalfa and Sericea lespedeza hay on feed intake and growth performance by growing Alpine doelings and Katahdin ewe lambs. J. Anim. Sci. 98(Suppl.)
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: KELI, A., MERERA, C., PUCHALA, R., SCRONCE, A., RIBEIRO, L. P. S., LOURENCON, R., ROJAS, M., CALLE, M. AND GOETSCH, A. L. 2020. Effects of meat goat breed, salinity of drinking water, and level of protein supplementation on intake and digestion. J. Anim. Sci. 98(Suppl.).
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: LOURENCON, R. V., DAWSON, L. J., PUCHALA, R., RIBEIRO, L. P. S., GIPSON, T. A., LOETZ, E., ROJAS, M. A., CALLE, M., SCRONCE, A. S. AND GOETSCH, A. L. 2020. Effects of nutritional plane before breeding on body condition score, mass indexes, and chemical composition of hair sheep. J. Anim. Sci. 98(Suppl.)

Progress 10/01/18 to 09/30/19

Outputs
Target Audience:Primary target audiences for findings of this project are livestock producers and extension/outreach personnel, animal science researchers and teachers, and livestock allied industries. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?There have been numerous participants in the project. Primary ones are faculty and staff of the American Institute for Goat Research. In addition, as noted from authors listed on publications given above and in previous reports, this project has entailed a great deal of collaboration with researchers at other institutions. There have been many individuals from abroad contributing to this research. Visiting researchers from Ethiopia, Brazil, Japan, and Morocco have participated in experimentation of this project. Undergraduate students have also taken part in the project as well. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Principal outputs of the project have been in information dissemination via abstracts and associated poster and oral presentations at meetings of professional scientific societies and publication of findings in peer-reviewed scientific journals. Moreover, information gained has been disseminated through the website of the American Institute for Goat Research and extension activities such as the Annual Goat Field Day and various workshops held throughout the year. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Experimentation will continue to be planned, executed, analyzed, interpreted, and disseminated. A study will be conducted to determine effects of the nutritional plane before breeding on reproductive performance of different breeds of hair sheep. An experiment with very high levels of salinity in drinking water through NaCl additions and two dietary protein levels will be performed with growing meat goats. Genetic characteristics associated with resilience of hair sheep to stress factors of high heat load, limited drinking water availability, and restricted feed intake will be determined. Research with assisted reproductive technologies will continue.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? A number of experiments have been conducted as noted below in the publication section. There are some studies in progress, with samples undergoing laboratory and statistical analysis and data interpretation and report preparation underway.

Publications

• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: GIPSON, T. A. 2019. Recent advances in breeding and genetics for dairy goats. Asian-Australas. J. Anim. Sci. 32:1275-1283.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: GOETSCH, A. L. 2019. Recent areas of research emphasis in feed practices and the nutrition of lactating dairy goats. J. Appl. Anim. Res. 47:103-114.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: GOETSCH, A. L. 2019. Recent advances in the feeding and nutrition of dairy goats. Asian-Australas. J. Anim. Sci. 32:1296-1305.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: TADESSE, D., PUCHALA, R., PORTUGAL, I., HUSSEIN, A. AND GOETSCH, A. L. 2019. Effects of level of intake of a 50% concentrate pelleted diet on metabolizability by mature Katahdin wethers. Small Rumin. Res. 174:7-12.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: TADESSE, D., PUCHALA, R. AND GOETSCH, A. L. 2019. Effects of hair sheep breed and region of origin on feed dry matter required for maintenance without and with a marked feed restriction. Livest. Sci. 226:114-121.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: TADESSE, D., PUCHALA, R., GIPSON, T. A. AND GOETSCH, A. L. 2019. Effects of high heat load conditions on body weight, feed intake, rectal and skin temperature, respiration rate, and panting score of Dorper, Katahdin, and St. Croix sheep from different regions of the USA. J. Appl. Anim. Res. 47:492-505.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: TSUKAHARA, Y., GIPSON, T. A., HART, S. P., DAWSON, L. J., WANG, Z., PUCHALA, R., SAHLU, T. AND GOETSCH, A. L. 2019. Across and within breed differences in the relationship between packed cell volume and fecal egg count in growing meat goat and hair sheep males naturally and artificially infected with Haemonchus contortus. Vet. Parasitol.: Regional Studies and Reports 17:100311. doi.org/10.1016/j.vprsr.2019.100311
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: ESTRADA-REYES, Z. M., TSUKAHARA, Y., GOETSCH, A. L., GIPSON, T. A., SAHLU, T., PUCHALA, R. AND MATEESCU, R. G. 2019. Association analysis identifies immune response loci related to Haemonchus contortus exposure in sheep and goats using targeted approach. Livest. Sci. 229:109-119.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: ESTRADA-REYES, Z. M., TSUKAHARA, Y., GOETSCH, A. L., GIPSON, T. A., SAHLU, T., PUCHALA, R. AND MATEESCU, R. G. 2019. Signatures of selection for resistance to Haemonchus contortus in sheep and goats. BMC Genomics 20:73. doi.org/10.1186/s12864-019-6150-y.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: TADESSE, D., PUCHALA, R., GIPSON, T. A. AND GOETSCH, A. L. 2019. Effects of high heat load conditions on Dorper, Katahdin, and St. Croix sheep from different regions of the USA. J. Anim. Sci. 97(Suppl.). p. 76. doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz053.172
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: LOURENCON, R. V., HART, S. P., GIPSON, S. P., ADAMS, B. AND RASSI, G. D. 2019. Terpenes as antinutritive chemicals in red cedar. J. Anim. Sci. 97(Suppl.). p. 77. doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz053.175
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: LOURENCON, R. V., HART, S. P., GIPSON and MUIR, J. P. 2019. Terpenes as antinutritive chemicals in red cedar. J. Anim. Sci. 97(Suppl.). p. 76-77. doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz053.174
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: TADESSE, D., PUCHALA, R. AND GOETSCH, A. L. 2019. Effects of hair sheep breed and region of origin on feed dry matter required for maintenance without and with a marked feed restriction. J. Anim. Sci. 97(Suppl.).
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: LOURENCON, R. V., DAWSON, L. J., PUCHALA, R., RIBEIRO, L. P. S., GIPSON, T. A., ROJAS, M. A., PUCHALA, R., RIBEIRO, L. P. S., GIPSON, T. A., CALLE, M., SCRONCE, A. S. AND GOETSCH, A. L. Effects of nutritional plane before breeding on performance of hair sheep. J. Anim. Sci. 97(Suppl.).
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: GOETSCH, A. L. 2018. Recent areas of research emphasis in feed practices and the nutrition of lactating dairy goats. In: Proceedings of The 4th Asian-Australasian Dairy Goat Conference. pp. 19-36. October 17-19, 2018. Tra Vinh, Vietnam.
• Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: HUSSEIN, A. H. 2019. Resilience of hair sheep to limited water availability. Ph.D. Dissertation. Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma. 260 pages.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: RIBEIRO, L. P. S., PUCHALA, R., GIPSON, T. A., MERKEL, R. C. AND GOETSCH, A. L. 2019. Effects of gestation nutritional plane and diet nutritive value during lactation on feed intake and digestion in lactating Alpine goats. Proc. 2019 Oklahoma Research Day. Weatherford, OK.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: TSUKAHARA, Y., GIPSON, T. A., HART, S. P., DAWSON, L. J., WANG, Z., PUCHALA, R., SAHLU, T. AND GOETSCH, A. L. 2019. The varying relationship between packed cell volume and fecal egg count in different breeds of hair sheep and meat goats artificially infected with Haemonchus contortus. Proc. 2019 Oklahoma Research Day. Weatherford, OK.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: DEAN, S., RIBEIRO, L. P. S., PUAHAL, R. AND GOETSCH, A. L. 2019. Effect of restricted periods of feed access on heart rate in lactating Alpine goats. Association of Research Directors (ARD) Research Symposium. Jacksonsville, FL.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: RIBEIRO, L. P. S., PUCHALA, R., GIPSON, T. A., MERKEL, R. AND GOETSCH, A. L. 2019. Effects of gestation nutritional plane and diet nutritive value during lactation on feed intake and digestion in lactating Alpine goats. Association of Research Directors (ARD) Research Symposium. Jacksonsville, FL.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: JONES-BYRD, K. D., MERERA, C., KELI, A., SCRONCE, A., MERKEL, R. C. AND GOETSCH, A. L. 2019. Effects of level of salinity of drinking water and protein supplementation on feed and water intake by yearling Boer and Spanish goat wethers. Association of Research Directors (ARD) Research Symposium. Jacksonsville, FL.

Progress 10/01/17 to 09/30/18

Outputs
Target Audience:Primary target audiences for findings of this project are livestock producers and extension/outreach personnel, animal science researchers and teachers, and livestock allied industries. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?There have been numerous participants in the project. Primary ones are faculty and staff of the American Institute for Goat Research. In addition, as noted from authors listed on publications given above and in previous reports, this project has entailed collaboration with other institutions. There have been many individuals from abroad contributing to this research. Visiting researchers from Ethiopia, Brazil, and Japan have participated in experimentation of this project. Undergraduate students have also taken part in the project as well. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Principal outputs of the project have been in information dissemination via abstracts and associated poster and oral presentations at meetings of professional scientific societies and publication of findings in peer-reviewed scientific journals. Moreover, information gained has been disseminated through the website of the American Institute for Goat Research and extension activities such as the Annual Goat Field Day and various workshops held throughout the year. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Experimentation will continue to be planned, executed, analyzed, interpreted, and disseminated. The effects of restricted periods of feed access and nutritional planes during gestation and lactation on performance of dairy goats will be determined. A study will be conducted investigating the influence of level of brackish water and salinity on intake, digestion, and metabolism by different ages of Boer goat wethers and Katahdin sheep wethers will be conducted. Genetic characteristics associated with infection of hair sheep and meat goats with Haemonchus contortus will be evaluated. Research with assisted reproductive technologies will continue.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? A number of experiments have been conducted as noted below in the publication section. There are some studies in progress, with samples undergoing laboratory and statistical analysis and data interpretation and report preparation underway.

Publications

• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: SILVA, N. C. D., PUCHALA, R., GIPSON, T. A., SAHLU, T. AND GOETSCH, A. L. 2018. Effects of restricted periods of feed access on feed intake, digestion, behavior, heat energy, and performance of Alpine goats. J. Appl. Anim. Res. 46:994-1003.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: YIRGA, H., PUCHALA, R., TSUKAHARA, Y., PUCHALA, R., TESFAI, K., SAHLU, T., MENGISTU, U. L. AND GOETSCH, A. L. 2018. Effects of level of brackish water and salinity on feed intake, digestion, heat energy, ruminal fluid characteristics, and blood constituent levels in growing Boer goat wethers and mature Boer goat and Katahdin sheep wethers. Small Rumin. Res. 164:70-81.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: ESTRADA-REYES, Z. M., TSUKAHARA, Y., GOETSCH, A. L., GIPSON, T. A., PUCHALA, R., WANG, Z., HART, S. P. AND MATEESCU, R. M. 2018. Effects of Ovar-DNA and Ovar-DRB1 genotypes in small ruminants with haemonchosis. Parasite Immunol. 40:e12534.https://doi.org/10.1111/pim.12534.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: YIRGA, H., PUCHALA, R., TSUKAHARA, Y., TESFAI, K., SAHLU, T., MENGISTU, U. L. AND GOETSCH, A. L. 2018. Effects of level of brackish water and salinity on feed intake, digestion, heat energy, ruminal fluid characteristics, and blood constituent levels in growing Boer goat wethers and mature Boer goat and Katahdin sheep wethers. J. Anim. Sci. 96(Suppl. 1).
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: RIBEIRO, L. P. S., PUCHALA, R., GIPSON, T. A., MERKEL, R. C. AND GOETSCH, A. L. 2018. Effects of gestation nutritional plane and diet nutritive value during lactation on feed intake and digestion in lactating Alpine goats. J. Anim. Sci. 96 (Suppl.). Abstract PSXV-31.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: TSUKAHARA, Y., GIPSON, T. A., HART, S. P., DAWSON, L. J., WANG, Z., PUCHALA, R., SAHLU, T. AND GOETSCH, A. L. 2018. The varying relationship between packed cell volume and fecal egg count in different breeds of hair sheep and meat goats artificially infected with Haemonchus contortus. J. Anim. Sci. 96(Suppl.). Abstract PSV-26.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: ESTRADA REYES, Z., TSUKAHARA, T., GOETSCH, A. L., GIPSON, T. A., WANG, Z., SAHLU, T., MATEESCU, R. G. AND KOLTES, J. 2018. Targeted sequencing approach identifies immune loci associated to resistance to Haemonchus contortus in sheep and goats. J. Anim. Sci. 96(Suppl.).

Progress 05/31/17 to 09/30/17

Outputs
Target Audience:Primary target audiences for findings of this project are livestock producers and extension/outreach personnel, animal science researchers and teachers, and livestock allied industries. Changes/Problems:There were no major changes to the project. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?There have been numerous participants in the project. Primary ones are faculty and staff of the American Institute for Goat Research. In addition, as noted from authors listed on publications given above and in previous reports, this project has entailed a great deal of collaboration with researchers at other institutions. There have been many individuals from abroad contributing to this research. Visiting researchers from Ethiopia, Brazil, and Japan have participated in experimentation of this project. Part-time undergraduate students have also taken part in the project. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Principal outputs of the project have been in information dissemination via abstracts and associated poster and oral presentations at meetings of professional scientific societies and publication of findings in peer-reviewed scientific journals. Moreover, information gained will be disseminated through the website of the American Institute for Goat Research and extension activities such as the Annual Goat Field Day and various workshops held throughout the year. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Experimentation will continue to be planned, executed, analyzed, interpreted, and disseminated. A study dealing with effects of different feed access treatments in feed intake, digestion, metabolism, and performance of lactating Alpine goats will be conducted. An experiment with drinking water varying in salinity and two dietary protein levels will be performed with growing meat goats. In this regard, in many instances studies in this project provide preliminary data necessary for preparation of proposals seeking extramural funds to expand the research program of the Institute, examples being proposals concerning effects of different sources of brackish and saline water on intake, digestion, and performance by sheep and goats of different ages.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? A number of experiments have been conducted as noted in the publication section. There are some studies in progress, with samples undergoing laboratory and statistical analysis and data interpretation and report preparation underway.

Publications

• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: DOLEBO, A. T., PUCHALA, R., GIPSON, T. A., DAWSON, L. J., SAHLU, T. AND GOETSCH, A. L. 2017. Effects of supplemental concentrate level and forage source on intake and digestion by growing and yearling Boer goat wethers and evaluation of a method of predicting negative feedstuff associative effects. J. Appl. Anim. Res. 45:470-479.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: TSUKAHARA, T., WANG, Z., GIPSON, T. A., HART, S. P., DAWSON, L. J., SAHLU, T. AND GOETSCH, A. L. 2017. Case Study: An assessment of anthelmintic resistance through in vivo fecal egg count reduction test and in vitro egg hatch test on small ruminant farms in the southcentral United States. Prof. Anim. Scientist 33:627-633.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: WASIKE, C. B., ROLF, M. M., SILVA, N. C. D., PUCHALA, R., SAHLU, T., GOETSCH, A. L. AND GIPSON, T. A. 2017. Genome-wide association analysis of residual feed intake and milk yield in dairy goats. Proc. Association of 1890 Research Directors, Inc. 18th Biennial Research Symposium. Abstract 612. Page 258.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: TSUKAHARA, Y., GIPSON, T. A., HART, S. P., DAWSON, L. J., WANG, Z., PUCHALA, R., SAHLU, T. AND GOETSCH. 2017. Progress in resistance to internal parasitism and growth performance of Boer, Kiko, and Spanish goat kids through selection in a central sire test. Proc. Association of 1890 Research Directors, Inc. 18th Biennial Research Symposium. Abstract number 599. Page 253.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: TSUKAHARA, Y., GIPSON, T. A., HART, S. P., DAWSON, L. J., WANG, Z., PUCHALA, R., SAHLU, T. AND GOETSCH. 2017. The response to artificial infection with Haemonchus contortus and growth performance of sheep and goat progeny of selected parents in a central performance test. Proc. Association of 1890 Research Directors, Inc. 18th Biennial Research Symposium. Abstract 256. Pages 256-257.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: TSUKAHARA, Y., GIPSON, T. A., HART, S. P., DAWSON, L. J., WANG, Z., PUCHALA, R., SAHLU, T. AND GOETSCH. 2017. Species and breed differences of small ruminant in response to experimental infection with Haemonchus contortus and growth performance in a centralized performance test. Proc. Association of 1890 Research Directors, Inc. 18th Biennial Research Symposium. Abstract number 607. Page 256.