Progress 05/01/17 to 04/30/20
Outputs
Target Audience:
Nothing Reported
Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Graduate and undergraduate students trained in entomological and microbial sciences. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The results have been disseminated to the scientific community in the form of a poster and oral presentation at the professional meetings. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Field collected fungi from M. cribraria tested against two key insect pests, the green stinkbug (GSB), Chinavia halaris is a native pest, and the brown marmorated stinkbugs (BMSB), Halyomorpha halys an invasive pest. Both these pests are known pests to many vegetable and field crops. There are limited studies on the effect of entomopathogen on adult stinkbugsmortality. Most pathogenic microbes are not effective against stinkbugs due to the stinky chemicals' antimicrobial activity (Trans-2-octenal and trans-2-decenal). Here, we tested field-collected fungi against adult and nymph stinkbugs using dip and spray bioassay. Moreover, the potency of the stinky chemicals tested against the field-collected fungi. The fungi identified using molecular techniques. The field-collected fungi identified as Beauveria bassiana AL strain and B. bassiana Pink strain. Dip bioassay results showed that the mortality rate of adult GSB and BMSB treated with pink and AL strains was high compared with controls, 92%, and 70%, respectively. The mortality rate of adult BMSB treated with AL strains was higher than the control, and the mortality rate was 58%. Spray bioassay results showed that the mortality rate of adult GSB treated with Pink and AL strains was high compared with controls, 35%, and 51%, respectively. Evidence of mycosis was recorded in cadavers of both GSB and BMSB, and identified as B. bassiana. The in-vitro assay showed that the stinky chemical failed to inhibit AL strain growth in the media, but it significantly inhibited Pink strains' growth. Both the strains showed a pathogenic effect on adult and nymph stinkbugs and reduced their population by at least 50% within three days. Interestingly, the fluorescent imaging revealed that the fungus is endophytic in soybean and corn plants, suggesting increases in its environmental persistence. The findings are in preparation to be submitted to the journal of pest management sciences. Not much progress has been made on objective 1 and 2, due to the seasonal availability of kudzu bugs in the Delmarva region.
Publications
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Progress 10/01/18 to 09/30/19
Outputs
Target Audience:Soybean and other legumes producers, and scientific community Changes/Problems:The seasonal availability of kudzu bugs were limited in the Delmarva area, so we are forced to work with closely related insect, stinkbugs. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Graduate and undergraduate students trained in entomological and microbial sciences. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The results have been disseminated to the scientific community in the form of a poster and oral presentation at the professional meetings. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Field collected fungi fromM. cribraria tested against two key insect pests, the green stinkbug (GSB), Chinavia halaris is a native pest, and the brown marmorated stinkbugs (BMSB), Halyomorpha halys an invasive pest. Both these pests are known pests to many vegetable and field crops. There are limited studies on the effect of entomopathogen on adult stinkbugs mortality. Most pathogenic microbes are not effective against stinkbugs due to the stinky chemicals' antimicrobial activity (Trans-2-octenal and trans-2-decenal). Here, we tested field-collected fungi against adult and nymph stinkbugs using dip and spray bioassay. Moreover, the potency of the stinky chemicals tested against the field-collected fungi. The fungi identified using molecular techniques. The field-collected fungi identified as Beauveria bassiana AL strain and B. bassiana Pink strain. Dip bioassay results showed that the mortality rate of adult GSB and BMSB treated with pink and AL strains was high compared with controls, 92%, and 70%, respectively. The mortality rate of adult BMSB treated with AL strains was higher than the control, and the mortality rate was 58%. Spray bioassay results showed that the mortality rate of adult GSB treated with Pink and AL strains was high compared with controls, 35%, and 51%, respectively. Evidence of mycosis was recorded in cadavers of both GSB and BMSB, and identified as B. bassiana. The in-vitro assay showed that the stinky chemical failed to inhibit AL strain growth in the media, but it significantly inhibited Pink strains' growth. Both the strains showed a pathogenic effect on adult and nymph stinkbugs and reduced their population by at least 50% within three days. Interestingly, the fluorescent imaging revealed that the fungus is endophytic in soybean and corn plants, suggesting increases in its environmental persistence. The findings are in preparation to be submitted to the journal of pest management sciences.Not much progress has been made on objective 1 and 2, due to the seasonal availability of kudzu bugs in the Delmarva region.
Publications
- Type:
Theses/Dissertations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Simmons J. 2021.The Efficacy of Field Collected Fungal Pathogen Against Stinkbugs. MSc thesis. University of Maryland Eastern Shore.
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Progress 10/01/17 to 09/30/18
Outputs
Target Audience:Soybean and other legumes producers, and scientific community Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Graduate and undergraduate students trained in entomological and microbial sciences. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The results have been disseminated to the scientific community in the form of a poster and oral presentation at the professional meetings. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?identifying the pathogen using morphological and molecular techniques and test the effectiveness of the pathogen as a systemic endophyte, thus showing the pathogen is a real candidate as a biological control agent of hemipteran pests and are useful in IPM strategies.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Not much progress has been made on objective 1 and 2, due to the seasonal availability of kudzu bugs. But, significant progress has been made on Objective 3: Isolate and develop the entomopathogenic fungi of M. cribraria. Due to issues with seasonal availability of kudzu bugs, we have tested the field collected pathogenic fungi on green stink bug (GSB) Acrosternum hilare (Say) (Insecta: Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) and the Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (BMSB), Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Insecta: Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), a significant pest of soybean in the Delmarva region. Field-collected entomopathogenic fungal strains were isolated from cadavers of kudzu bug. Based on their colony color and texture they were identified as Alabama, pink and white strains. The strains were assessed against adult GSB and BMSBs in the laboratory. In spray bioassay there was a statistically significant difference in mortality rates among the GSBs when inoculated with the fungal strains, F4, 16 = 53.043, p <0.005. A Tukey HSD test indicated that the mortality rate of GSBs inoculated with the Alabama fungal strain was significantly higher than those GSBs inoculated with the white fungal strain and distilled water. Interestingly, there was no significant difference in mortality rate on GSBs that were inoculated with both Pink and Alabama fungal strains. In dip and spray bioassay, there was a statistically significant difference in mortality rates among the BMSB when inoculated with the fungal strains, F4,16 = 8.628, p <0.002 (Dip) and F4,30 = 8.473, p <0.001 (Spray). Further tests are underway to identify the pathogen using molecular techniques and to test the effectiveness of the pathogen as a systemic endophyte, thus showing the pathogen is a real candidate as a biological control agent of hemipteran pests and are useful in IPM strategies.
Publications
- Type:
Theses/Dissertations
Status:
Under Review
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Simmons J, 2019. The Efficacy of Field Collected Fungal Pathogen against Green Stinkbug in the Delmarva Region. Thesis for Master of Sciences in food and agricultural sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Simmons J, Jenkins J, Balusu R, Zebelo SA. 2018 Developing Consumer Safe Pest Management Methods Using Entomopathogens on Soybeans. Presented at entomology 2018 (ESA, ESC, and EBSC) Joint Annual Meeting, November 11-14, 2018, Vancouver BC, Canada
- Type:
Theses/Dissertations
Status:
Under Review
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Jenkins J. 2019. Understanding The Preference Population Dynamics And Composition Of Arthropod Pollinators In Different Species Of Flowering Plants. Thesis for Master of Sciences in food and agricultural sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore.
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Progress 05/01/17 to 09/30/17
Outputs
Target Audience:Soybean and other legumes producers, and scientific community Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?This grant is supporting training of five undergraduate and gtwo raduate students. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The results have been disseminated to the scientific community in the form of a poster presentation at the 9th international IPM symposium. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?The following studies are proposed for the next reporting period: 1) Detect head space plant volatile attractants for M. cribraria, 2. Identification entomopathogenic fungi for the control of M. cribraria, and 3. Test the pest control tactics developed in Obj. 1, 2, and 3 infield and semi-field conditions.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Objective 1: compare preferred hosts ofM.cribrariawith potential for development of trap crop.Four legume varieties were presented to M. cribraria in choice bioassays: mung bean(Vigna radiate, Variety Crystal),red kidney beans(Phaseolus vulgaris), pigeon pea(Cajanus cajan, Variety Vssp 12-13 ) and soybean in large cages (2 × 4 ft). Each plant (treatment) was placed in each corner of the cage (i.e., four host plants were simultaneously tested in each cage). The position of each treatment in the cage was determined randomly and rotated during each replication. A group of 25 pairs of field-collected starved bugs was released at the center of the cage. The experiment was replicated four times. Each cage was examined daily for two weeks to evaluate host preference by recording the number of adult bugs on each host plant. Data were analyzed by using repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). The results showed significant differences in M. cribraria preference among host plants. Pigeon pea was the most attractive with twice the number of M. cribraria on it compared to soybean. These preliminary tests suggest that M. cribraria does prefer certain legume crops over other. Objective 3: Isolate and Develop the entomopathogenic fungi ofM.cribraria. Due to issues with seasonal availability ofkudzu bugs, we have tested the field collected pathogenic fungi on green stink bugAcrosternum hilare(Say) (Insecta: Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), a significant pest of soybean in the Delmarva region. Field-collected entomopathogenic fungal strains were isolated from cadavers of kudzu bug. Based on their colony color they were identified as pink and white strains. The strains were assessed against adult and nymph green stink bugs in the laboratory. Serial conidial concentrations of the pink and white strains were pathogenic to adult and nymph green stinkbugs are causing mortality of 75% (pink, nymph), 20% (white, nymph), 35% (pink, adult) and 20% (white, adult), respectively over a period of 3 days. More than 70% of the nymphs treated with pink strains were dead within three days of infection. Further tests are underway to identify the pathogen using molecular techniques and to test the effectiveness of the pathogen as a systemic endophyte, thus showing the pathogen is a real candidate as a biological control agent of hemipteran pests and are useful in IPM strategies
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Simmons J, Jenkins E, Balusu R, Zebelo S. 2018. The Efficacy of Field-Collected Fungal Pathogen Against Green Stinkbug in The Delmarva Region. 9th International Integrated Pest Management Symposium, Baltimore Maryland.
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