Progress 03/15/17 to 03/14/22
Outputs
Target Audience:The primary target audience is the research community. This audience is targeted through conference presentations, journal articles, tutorials, and open-source software development and deployment. Changes/Problems: Model calibration for SWAT+ nutrient model has taken longer than expected. Results are good, but took a long time to achieve. Therefore, publications and the dissertation by the PhD student Luke Flores will occur after the end of this project. Economic analysis has taken longer than expected. Similar to the previous bullet, results are good but took a long time to achieve. A publicationand dissertation chapter by the PhD student Di Shengwill occur after the end of this project. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? One PhD graduate student was trained in computer programming, MODFLOW modeling, SWAT+ modeling, and model development for hydrochemical processes in tile drain systems. One PhD graduate student was trained in SWAT, MODFLOW, and calibration methods. One PhD graduate student was trained in SWAT modeling and economic optimization modeling for nutrient training. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? One journal article published (Bailey, R.T., Bieger, K., Flores, L. and Tomer, M., 2022. Evaluating the contribution of subsurface drainage to watershed water yield using SWAT+ with groundwater modeling.Science of The Total Environment,802, p.149962) One conference presentation (Bailey, R.T., Flores, L., Arnold, J., and M. White (2021), Simulating watershed hydro-chemical processes with SWAT+. ASA-CSSA-SSSA 2021 International Annual Meeting. November 7-10, 2021, Salt Lake City, UT.) One journal article in review (Flores, L. and Bailey, R.T., Comprehensive simulation of nitrogen and phosphorus transport in tile drained agricultural systems and implications for nutrient management, in review with Water Resources Research) One dissertation (Addab, H. (2022), SALT TRANSPORT AND LOADING IN TILE-DRAINED WATERSHEDS: OBSERVATIONS, MODELING, AND MANAGEMENT. PhD Dissertation. Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO.) One tutorial created and published (https://swat.tamu.edu/software/plus/gwflow/) Modeling code published (https://swat.tamu.edu/software/plus/) What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
(1) The new groundwater module for the SWAT+ model was completed, tested, and published in the most recent version of SWAT+. The module accounts for groundwater flow and nutrient transport, including all major inflows/outflows such as recharge, pumping, aquifer-drain interaction, aquifer-lake interaction, and aquifer-stream interaction.The modification to the SWAT-MODFLOW code was finished and tested, and is now in the official version of SWAT-MODFLOW. The modified model now accounts for the transport of nutrient and salt mass via tile drains. (2) Continued applying the SWAT+ model for the South Fork Watershed (Iowa) to simulate nutrient transport and loads within the hydrologic system, with a focus on nutrient transport via tile drains. Model calibration has proved challenging, and is still ongoing by PhD student Luke Flores. Once calibrated, the model will be used in uncertainty analysis and sensitivity analysis for quantifying the impact of system parameters and hydrologic flow pathways on nutrient loading. For hydrology, the model was used to first, determine the processes and parameters that govern tile drain outflow, and 2) determine the impact of tile drains on watershed-wide hydrologic fluxes. The study was published (Bailey et al., 2022). (3) Nothing was accomplished for this during the reporting period. The SWAT+ model being calibrated for the South Fork Watershed will be used to assess the impact of management practices on nutrient tile drain loading under a changing climate. (4) The SWAT+ model in the South Fork Watershed and the SWAT-MODFLOW model in the Fairmont Drainage District were applied to economic analyses, led by PhD student Di Sheng. This study will be finished by fall 2022. (5) A Python script was created to automate the creation of groundwater module inputs for SWAT+. This script, along with a tutorial that describes the script, how to run SWAT+ simulations, and view model results, has been published on the main SWAT website. The published SWAT+ code includes the new groundwater module.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Bailey, R.T., Bieger, K., Flores, L. and Tomer, M., 2022. Evaluating the contribution of subsurface drainage to watershed water yield using SWAT+ with groundwater modeling. Science of The Total Environment, 802, p.149962.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Bailey, R.T., Flores, L., Arnold, J., and M. White (2021), Simulating watershed hydro-chemical processes with SWAT+. ASA-CSSA-SSSA 2021 International Annual Meeting. November 7-10, 2021, Salt Lake City, UT.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Under Review
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Flores, L. and Bailey, R.T., Comprehensive simulation of nitrogen and phosphorus transport in tile drained agricultural systems and implications for nutrient management, in review with Water Resources Research.
- Type:
Theses/Dissertations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Addab, H. (2022), SALT TRANSPORT AND LOADING IN TILE-DRAINED WATERSHEDS: OBSERVATIONS, MODELING, AND MANAGEMENT. PhD Dissertation. Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO.
|
Progress 03/15/20 to 03/14/21
Outputs
Target Audience:The following journal articles have been published in peer-reviewed journals: Bailey, R.T., Bieger, K., Arnold, J.G. and Bosch, D.D., 2020. A New Physically-Based Spatially-Distributed Groundwater Flow Module for SWAT+.Hydrology,7(4), p.75. Flores, L., Bailey, R.T. and Harmel, R.D., 2021.Using nutrient transport data to characterize and identify the presence of surface inlets in regions with subsurface drainage. Journal of Environmental Quality, 50:396-404 The following presentation was given at a national conference: Flores, L. and R.T. Bailey, Tracking nutrient fluxes in a tile-drained catchment using a high-resolution surface/subsurface numerical model. AGU Hydrology Days, Colorado State University, April 13-15, 2020. Changes/Problems:No major changes or problems have arisen during the past year. We are on target to complete all project goals by March 2022. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? One PhD graduate student was trained in computer programming, MODFLOW modeling, SWAT+ modeling, and model development for hydrochemical processes in tile drain systems. One PhD graduate student was trained in SWAT, MODFLOW, and calibration methods. One PhD graduate student was trained in SWAT modeling and economic optimization modeling for nutrient training. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results have been disseminated via two journal articles and one conference presentation: The following journal articles have been published in peer-reviewed journals: Bailey, R.T., Bieger, K., Arnold, J.G. and Bosch, D.D., 2020. A New Physically-Based Spatially-Distributed Groundwater Flow Module for SWAT+.Hydrology,7(4), p.75. Flores, L., Bailey, R.T. and Harmel, R.D., 2021.Using nutrient transport data to characterize and identify the presence of surface inlets in regions with subsurface drainage. Journal of Environmental Quality, 50:396-404 The following presentation was given at a national conference: Flores, L. and R.T. Bailey, Tracking nutrient fluxes in a tile-drained catchment using a high-resolution surface/subsurface numerical model. AGU Hydrology Days, Colorado State University, April 13-15, 2020. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Goal (1)Finish application of SWAT+ model to the South Fork Watershed, Iowa. Finish application of SWAT-MODFLOW model to the Fairmont Drainage District, Colorado. Goal (2)Use the SWAT+ model, SWAT-MODFLOW model, and surface/subsurface hydro-chemical model to explore the fate, storage, and loading of nitrogen and phosphorus in the tile drain systems. Goal (3)the SWAT+ model for the South Fork Watershed will be applied to conservation practice scenarios with a changing climate. An ensemble of simulations will be run for each conservation practice, and assessed for impact on tile drain nutrient loading and in-stream nutrient loading. The effect of climate on the effectiveness of each practice to control nutrient loading from tile drains will be quantified. Goal (4)Complete economic analysis modeling for the South Fork Watershed SWAT+ model. Goal (5)Prepare a new tutorial that includes detailed instructions for both flow and nutrient transport aspects of the groundwater flow module. Create video tutorials to guide the user through all steps, and an explanation of the input files, running the SWAT+ simulation, and reviewing/viewing model output. Distribute the tutorial to the research community via Google Groups and the SWAT website. Provide a SWAT+ workshop at an upcoming SWAT conference (if the conference is allowed to be held, due to COVID-19 restrictions).
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Goal (1)The new groundwater flow module (gwflow) for the SWAT+ modeling code was finished and tested for two watersheds: the Little River Watershed in Georgia (natural groundwater and stream conditions) and the South Fork Watershed in Iowa (tile drain conditions). A paper was published that presents the gwflow module, its theory, and an initial application. The gwflow module was modified to include nitrogen and phosphorus fate and transport in aquifers, and their loading to tile drains and surface water bodies. The modified SWAT+ model for the South Fork Watershed was tested for groundwater head, streamflow discharge, tile drain discharge, tile drain loading of nitrogen and phosphorus, and in-stream loading of nitrogen and phosphorus. Model calibration and testing should be complete in the next month. Goal (2)The small-scale surface/subsurface hydro-chemical modeling code for tile drain systems was completed, and applied to a small catchment within the South Fork Watershed, Iowa. The model has been tested against tile drain outflow and tile drain nutrient loading, with excellent results. The model was used to assess various surface inlet procedures (e.g. surface intakes vs. blind inlets) and their influence on phosphorus loading from tile drain systems. A paper presenting the new modeling code and its application to the tile drained catchment is in second review with Water Resources Research. We also applied the new SWAT+ modeling code to the South Fork Watershed, Iowa, to determine the governing system processes on tile drain discharge and tile drain nutrient loading, and performed an overall water and nutrient mass balance on the watershed. Goal (3)The surface/subsurface hydro-chemical model for tile drain systems, have been applied to the tile drained catchment in the South Fork Watershed, Iowa, to assess the impact of surface intake practices on phosphorus loading from tile drain systems. Goal (4)The SWAT-MODFLOW model in the Fairmont Drainage District, Colorado and the SWAT+ model in the South Fork Watershed, Iowa, have been applied to economic analyses for quantifying field-level nutrient reduction efficiencies under various cropping patterns, with the aim of exploring the feasibility and benefits of nutrient credit trading. Goal (5)A tutorial was created for the SWAT+ model, with the new gwflow module. The tutorial consists of step-by-step instructions on creating input files, using ArcMap routines to prepare datasets.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Bailey, R.T., Bieger, K., Arnold, J.G. and Bosch, D.D., 2020. A New Physically-Based Spatially-Distributed Groundwater Flow Module for SWAT+. Hydrology, 7(4), p.75. https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology7040075.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Flores, L., Bailey, R.T. and Harmel, R.D., 2020. Using nutrient transport data to characterize and identify the presence of surface inlets in regions with subsurface drainage. Journal of Environmental Quality, 50, 396-404.https://doi.org/10.1002/jeq2.20188.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Flores, L. and R.T. Bailey, Tracking nutrient fluxes in a tile-drained catchment using a high-resolution surface/subsurface numerical model. AGU Hydrology Days, Fort Collins, CO, April 13-15, 2020.
|
Progress 03/15/19 to 03/14/20
Outputs
Target Audience:Preliminary results of the project were presented at two conferences: Bailey, R.T., Park, S., Bieger, K., and J.G. Arnold (2019), Enhancing SWAT+ groundwater flow simulation using MODFLOW routines. 2019 SWAT International Conference, July 15-19, Vienna, Austria. Di, X., Suter, J., Bailey, R.T., and X. Wei (2019), Cost-e?ective water quality management in tile-drained ?elds. 2019 Agricultural & Applied Economics Association, July 20-24, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. Changes/Problems:The use of MODFLOW has been problematic. It is a large model, and often unwieldy and does not converge for tile drain systems. Therefore, we have elected to use: 1) tile drain network model and 2) simplified 2D unconfined groundwater flow model for the tile drained systems. These models are working well, and will provide a more efficient modeling system for N and P transport in tile drain systems. These models can be applied to tile drained watersheds worldwide. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?One PhD graduate student was trainedin computer programming, MODFLOW modeling, and model development for hydro-chemical processes in tile drain systems. One PhD graduate student was trained in SWAT modeling and economic optimization modeling for nutrient training. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Two conference presentations: Preliminary results of the project were presented at two conferences: Bailey, R.T., Park, S., Bieger, K., and J.G. Arnold (2019), Enhancing SWAT+ groundwater flow simulation using MODFLOW routines. 2019 SWAT International Conference, July 15-19, Vienna, Austria. Di, X., Suter, J., Bailey, R.T., and X. Wei (2019), Cost-e?ective water quality management in tile-drained ?elds. 2019 Agricultural & Applied Economics Association, July 20-24, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?(1) Modifying the existing SWAT-MODFLOW model to simulate tile drain flow and nutrient transport: Finish hydro-chemical model for the tile drained Tipton Catchment (Iowa). Apply to storm events to simulate dynamics of N and P in the system (soil, groundwater, tile, streams, surface intakes) Apply new groundwater flow module to the SWAT+ model of South Fork Watershed, Iowa. Assess N and P movement in the system, assess BMPs, and explore impacts of economic policies. Finish SWAT-MODFLOW tile drain assessment of N and P in the Fairmont Drainage District. (2) Improving understanding of hydro-chemical processes that affect N and P transport in tile drained systems. This will be performed through model development and application for the designated study watersheds. Finish hydro-chemical model for the tile drained Tipton Catchment (Iowa). Apply to storm events to simulate dynamics of N and P in the system (soil, groundwater, tile, streams, surface intakes) Assess N and P transport in South Fork Watershed; analyze the hydrologic fluxes that control N and P transport. (3) Assessing conservation practices that impact principal ecosystem services. This will be performed using the calibrated and tested models for the study watersheds. Perform for the South Fork Watershed (Iowa) using tested SWAT+ model (with the new groundwater flow module). (4) Utilizing the improved model to investigate economic policies that support ecosystem service provisioning; and Apply hydro-economic analysis to the South Fork Iowa watershed. (5) Developing decision-support tools. This will include the development of a user interface (for ArcMap and/or for QGIS) to facilitate use of the model and explore impacts of decisions on N and P transport in tile drained watersheds. Develop user interface tool in QGISfor simulating explicit flow and N and P transport in tile drain networks. This will be done for the new SWAT+ groundwater flow module.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Goal (1) Due to the difficulty in applying MODFLOW to the large-scale South Fork Watershed in Iowa, a simpler groundwater flow module has been developed for SWAT+. The module solves the groundwater flow equation for 2D unconfined aquifers. Expanded the tile drain flow model to include transport simulation of nitrogen and phosphorus. The model is linked to a hydro-chemical model that simulates flow and nutrient transport in overland flow, surface intakes, soil, groundwater, tile drains, and streams. The model is being applied to the Tipton Catchment in Iowa. This is a small-scale catchment that is used to demonstrate the physics and nutrient dynamics in tile drained systems in the Midwest. Goal (2) The tile-soil-groundwater-stream model being developed for the Tipton Catchment in Iowa is near completion. Based on field data for the catchment, the dynamics of N and P are influenced significantly by surface intakes into the tile drains, as water is ponded. The model takes these processes into account, and therefore the model can be used to study nutrient dynamics at a variety of spatial scales. Goal (3) Nothing to report for this period. Goal (4) Continued work on applying a hydro-economic model to the Fairmont Drainage District, Colorado, to provide watershed managers with information on field-level nutrient reduction efficiency, to explore the feasibility and benefits of nutrient credit trading. This was performed with the SWAT model for the Fairmont Drainage District and an economic optimization model. Goal (5) Nothing to report for this period.
Publications
|
Progress 03/15/18 to 03/14/19
Outputs
Target Audience:
Nothing Reported
Changes/Problems: The MODFLOW model for the South Fork Watershed (Iowa) is extremely complex, and often does not converge on a solution. Thus, we are considering using a pipe network model, coupled with a simple groundwater balance model, to simulate tile drain flow and nutrient transport at the watershed scale, linked with SWAT (and SWAT+). We will compare results with using MODFLOW. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?One undergraduate student was trained in collecting field data (groundwater sampling, tile drain sampling) One graduate student (PhD) was trained in computer programming, MODFLOW modeling, and SWAT modeling. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?
Nothing Reported
What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?(1) Modifying the existing SWAT-MODFLOW model to simulate tile drain flow and nutrient transport: Link MODFLOW models with SWAT models for both the Colorado and Iowa watersheds Complete SWAT+ model for Iowa watershed. Link with MODFLOW. Complete pipe network model (for flow and nutrient transport) and link with SWAT and SWAT+. (2) Improving understanding of hydro-chemical processes that affect N and P transport in tile drained systems. This will be performed through model development and application for the designated study watersheds. Analyze effect of pressurized pipe flow on nutrient transport in irrigated and non-irrigated watersheds. Determine effect of tile drains on timing and amount of N and P loading to streams. Analyze the influence of abstraction level (i.e. the refinement of the tile drain network) on N and P transport. (3) Assessing conservation practices that impact principal ecosystem services. This will be performed using the calibrated and tested models for the study watersheds. Nothing. This will happen in the following year. (4) Utilizing the improved model to investigate economic policies that support ecosystem service provisioning; and Finish application to the Colorado watershed Apply hydro-economic analysis to the Iowa watershed. (5) Developing decision-support tools. This will include the development of a user interface (for ArcMap and/or for QGIS) to facilitate use of the model and explore impacts of decisions on N and P transport in tile drained watersheds. Being user interface tool in QGIS, for simulating explicit flow and N and P transport in tile drain networks. Test for South Fork Watershed (Iowa).
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
(1) Modifying the existing SWAT-MODFLOW model to simulate tile drain flow and nutrient transport: Developed MODFLOW models for the Fairmont Drainage District (Colorado) and the South Fork Watershed (Iowa). MODFLOW integrated with module (RT3D-OTIS) that simulates N and P transport in groundwater and open-channel water (i.e. non-pressurized tile drain flow). Developing pipe network model that can be applied to tile drain networks. The tile drain pipes can be either pressurized or non-pressurized. The model will also work with N and P transport, and will soon be imbedded into the SWAT and SWAT+ modeling codes. (2) Improving understanding of hydro-chemical processes that affect N and P transport in tile drained systems. This will be performed through model development and application for the designated study watersheds. Nothing to report in this period. This task will be accomplished once the models are tested for each watershed region. (3) Assessing conservation practices that impact principal ecosystem services. This will be performed using the calibrated and tested models for the study watersheds. Nothing to report in this period. This task will be accomplished once the models are tested for each watershed region. (4) Utilizing the improved model to investigate economic policies that support ecosystem service provisioning; and The SWAT model for the Fairmont Drainage District was applied in a hydro-economic framework that incorporates producer level economic optimization of crop production. Using this framework, we generate the cost-effective frontier for taking specific parcels out of production both with and without incorporating spatially explicit information on the location of the tile-drainage system. This allows us to show how the information on tile-drainage location, incorporated into SWAT, can help to reduce the cost of achieving specific water quality improvements. Preliminary results in Colorado indicate that failure of incorporating tile-drainage location information generally leads to underestimates of the ex-post nutrient pollution. The framework is readily transferable to the South Fork Watershed (Iowa). We have also worked to evaluate differences in the costs of achieving nutrient reductions within adjacent subbasins in Colorado. The objective of this analysis is to better understand the cost reductions that can be achieved though utilizing approaches to reduce nutrient loads that are flexible across subbasins, rather than requiring specific targets be met within each subbassin. (5) Developing decision-support tools. This will include the development of a user interface (for ArcMap and/or for QGIS) to facilitate use of the model and explore impacts of decisions on N and P transport in tile drained watersheds. Nothing to report for this period.
Publications
|
Progress 03/15/17 to 03/14/18
Outputs
Target Audience:No audiences were reached during this reporting period. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?1 PhD student has been trained in code development, with the linkage of SWAT+ and MODFLOW in a single FORTRAN code. 2 undergraduate students have also been trained in field data collection (groundwater sampling for water quality, tile drain water sampling for water quality). How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?
Nothing Reported
What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?(1) Modifying the existing SWAT-MODFLOW model to simulate tile drain flow and nutrient transport: Begin application of SWAT+/MODFLOW to the Iowa study region and the Colorado study region. This will include processing data, creating SWAT+ and MODFLOW models for both study regions, and implementing conduit flow in the code. Present results at national and international conferences. (2) Improving understanding of hydro-chemical processes that affect N and P transport in tile drained systems. This will be performed through model development and application for the designated study watersheds. Apply SWAT+/MODFLOW to the Iowa study region; test the model for N and P in tile drain water, groundwater, and surface water. Assess storage and transport rates of N and P in the aquifer, in the tile drain network, and in streams, and perform a comparison. (3) Assessing conservation practices that impact principal ecosystem services. This will be performed using the calibrated and tested models for the study watersheds. Nothing for the next year. (4) Utilizing the improved model to investigate economic policies that support ecosystem service provisioning; and A PhD student in Agricultural Economics will begin working on the project in summer 2018. Provide preliminary assessment on model applied to the Iowa study region. (5) Developing decision-support tools. Nothing for the next year.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
During this first year, all efforts have been focused on Goal (1) Modifying the existing SWAT-MODFLOW model to simulate tile drain flow and nutrient transport. The first task is to coupled SWAT+ with MODFLOW, which was accomplished during the latter months of 2017 and the first few months of 2018. The modeling code has been debugged and tested for two different watersheds for which SWAT+ and MODFLOW models were already constructed. The second task is to implement conduit flow and solute transport into the MODFLOW code, using a routing package from MODFLOW and a surface transport model from the USGS called "OTIS". This has also been accomplished. The new conduit capabilities will allow water flow and nutrient (N, P) transport in tile drains to be simulated. In addition, field data (groundwater quality, groundwater levels, tile drain water quality, tile drain flow rates) have been collected in the Colorado study region in preparation for model application. Data for the Iowa tile drain study region also have been gathered. In addition, construction of a MODFLOW model for the Colorado study region was started.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Bieger, K., Bailey, R.T., Park, S., and J.G. Arnold (2017), Development of an improved modeling framework for simulating nutrient transport in tile-drained watersheds. 2017 AWRA Annual Conference. November 8, 2017, Portland, OR.
|
|