Source: CORNELL UNIVERSITY submitted to NRP
A HIGH-FIDELITY VETERINARY CLINICAL SIMULATION PLATFORM
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1012172
Grant No.
2017-70003-26393
Cumulative Award Amt.
$126,167.00
Proposal No.
2016-07223
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Jun 15, 2017
Project End Date
Jun 14, 2020
Grant Year
2017
Program Code
[ER]- Higher Ed Challenge
Recipient Organization
CORNELL UNIVERSITY
(N/A)
ITHACA,NY 14853
Performing Department
Clinical Sciences
Non Technical Summary
Current Problem: Clinical veterinary training requires opportunities to apply knowledge acquired in didactic coursework to sick patients. Traditionally this occurs in the teaching hospital, where learners apprentice with experienced clinicians. We hope that a sufficient number and breadth of clinical cases present to provide adequate training, but it is impossible to accommodate opportunities for deliberate clinical practice targeted at specific learning outcomes, and most students finish their training without being exposed to many important types of clinical patients. While clinical training in a teaching hospital is a critical capstone experience for veterinary and veterinary technology students, it cannot reliably provide opportunities for deliberate practice in the management of all important types of clinical cases graduates are expected to handle. In addition, students' time in the clinic is limited, and lack of confidence can prevent many students from fully exploiting their opportunities to learn during their clinical rotations.Methods: We will complete development of an Open-Source Veterinary Clinical Simulation Platform (VCSP), which will allow veterinary and veterinary technology training programs access to high fidelity veterinary patient simulators at a very low cost. These simulators, which can be constructed to facilitate deliberate practice in management of a wide variety of clinical patients, allowing learners to manage cases in real time in a safe environment, and to learn about case management by applying their knowledge simulated cases and seeing the response of the patient to their treatment plans. The system will be Open-Source and expandable, so members of the education community can expand its capabilities and share those expansions back with the community. This will allow us to develop an evolving system with ever-expanding capabilities, which can be contributed to by educators with different areas of specialty and expertise. We will also complete a study comparing the efficacy of simulation-based training and lecture training to teach veterinary students how to manage critically ill patients. Because the system will be open-source and all construction details will be published on the internet, the target audience includes all students and faculty of the 30 veterinary schools and 230 veterinary technology programs in the US, as well as international programs.Goals and Impact: Opportunities for deliberate practice of specific clinical skills and critical thinking will better prepare veterinarians and veterinary technology students in trainingfor learning opportunities during their clinical training in the teaching hospital and throughout their professional careers. Efficacy will be tested using a crossover study comparing lecture-based training to simulation training. Through recruitment of an open-source development community, the VCSP will remain vital and functionality will continue to expand long into the future, enhancing its overall impact on veterinary training. Ultimately, the goal of this project is to enhance the education of all studentsof the 30 veterinary schools and 230 veterinary technology programs in the US, as well as international programs, improving the preparedness of these veterinary health care professionals to serve the needs of the agriculture industry, research labs, and pet owners.
Animal Health Component
50%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
0%
Applied
50%
Developmental
50%
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
9036010302080%
3113910106020%
Goals / Objectives
The project aims to improve clinical veterinary and veterinary technology clinical training by expanding the use of immersive simulation technology, which has become a standard method of clinical training in human medicine, to veterinary and veterinary technology education. This will be accomplished by (a)completing development of an open-source, flexible, high-fidelity, immersive simulation software and hardware platform, (b)comparing the efficacy of this platform for preparing naïve students to manage emergently-presenting patients with hemodynamic or respiratory instability with traditional, lecture-based training, and (c)disseminating the software code and hardware designs via a project web site and GitHub repository to the veterinary education community to lower the barriers to entry for resource constrained veterinary training programs to incorporate immersive simulation technologies into their curricula and to encourage continued development of the platform by creation of an open-source community to support the platform. The potential impact of this project on veterinary education will be directly measured in target objective (b), and the broader impact will be measured in target objective (c) by tracking the number of downloads from the project web site, development activity on the GitHub repository, and traffic in the project web site discussion forums.
Project Methods
Veterinary Clinical Simulation Platform DevelopmentInstructor InterfaceWork on the instructor interface during the funding period will be focused on further refinement and expansion of the physiologic waveform libraries. The following abnormal ECG rhythms will be added to the system: ventricular rhythms, supraventricular tachycardias, ventricular fibrillation, asystole, and bundle branch blocks. These rhythms will afford simulation of a wide range of veterinary diseases with the VCSP. Abnormal ETCO2 waveforms to simulate various respiratory diseases will also be added.Mannequin CapabilitiesDuring the funding period, we plan to complete the auscultation system by assembling a library of abnormal heart and lung sounds collected from clinical patients using an electronic stethoscope (ThinkLabs One Digital Stethoscope), already available in the PD's lab. These sounds will be collected by the project technician and PD from clinical patients presenting to the Cornell University Hospital for Animals. The sound files will be processed, cataloged, added to the sound board and integrated into the instructor interface and scripting system to generate a complete thoracic auscultation system capable of simulating a wide variety of normal and abnormal lung sounds. In addition, a library of abnormal pulses (fair, weak, snappy and bounding) will be created to simulate common clinical pulse abnormalities. The pulse actuator system will be further expanded to simulate an apex beat, the beating of the heart that can be palpated in some animals on the chest.Video Debriefing SystemTo facilitate broader use of this type of debriefing approach using lower cost hardware, we will develop an integrated video collection and debriefing system supporting commercial webcams and IP cameras. Audio will be recorded via either the microphone embedded in the camera or a separate microphone. The system will allow collection of multiple video streams as well as a video recording of the simulated patient monitor. The software will be well documented to allow expansion to other types of video and audio recording systems. It will be implemented on the Simulation Server using open-source software tools (C++, PHP, Javascript and HTML5) and libraries, and will be accessed via a web page in a similar manner to the approach used for the instructor interface. This will allow any laptop, desktop, or mobile device to access the debriefing software.Evaluation StudyA group of 40 second year veterinary students with minimal experience in emergency medicine will be recruited and randomized into 2 groups. The study will focus on initial management of 2 critically ill patient populations: (1) patients with hemodynamic instability due to hypovolemic, cardiogenic, or distributive shock, and (2) patients with respiratory instability due to upper airway obstruction, pleural space disease, or pulmonary parenchymal disease. At baseline, all learners will be individually assessed with 6 immersive simulation scenarios covering each of the patient populations. The learner will be presented with a "patient" and asked to assess and provide any indicated therapy. No instructor feedback or debriefing will be done. The encounters will be video recorded and later scored using a standardized checklist customized for each of the 6 test scenarios consisting of the critical observable management tasks required for the type of patient being simulated.

Progress 06/15/17 to 06/14/20

Outputs
Target Audience:During this report period we have worked to expand uptake of Open VetSim globally, and have made good inroads among veterinary educators. There has been great enthusiasm from veterinarians and veterinary nurses for the system.There are now over 20 physical simulators deployed around the globe, and many more individuals are using the Open VetSim software to train veterinary health professionals using static, low-fidelity mannequins. "Deep Dive" training events were held at Cornell University in Ithaca New York in January and November of 2019and were targeted at veterinary educators (both academics and private practitioners, veterinarians and veterinary nurses) who learned how to use Open VetSim to provide standardized veterinary CPR training based on the Reassessment Campaign on Veterinary Resuscitation (RECOVER) guidelines. These 2-day, hands on events each provided 32 attendees in-depth training on using Open VetSim, building simulators based on the platform, and designing training scenarios in the system. Training events were also held at 3 veterinary conferences in the US offfering similar 1-day training at the International Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care Symposium (September 2019), the Veterinary Meeting and Expo (VMX, January 2020) and the Western Veterinary Conference (WVC, February 2020). Two international "Deep Dive" 2-day events were held in Edinburgh, UK (February2020) and Stockholm, Sweden (March 2020), and a demonstration of Open VetSim was done at the Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists in Dublin, Ireland in March of 2020. Changes/Problems:The major change that has impacted outcome (b) as previously mentioned is the COVID pandemic. We are ready to run the planned study as soon as we are able to arrange the groups of students at Cornell and the University of Melbourne. We will not require any additional funding to complete this study and hope that we will be able to complete it in early spring of 2021. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Training accomplishements fall under 2 broad categories: (1) training individuals how to use Open VetSim so that they can in turn train others, and (2) clinical training of veterinarians, veterinary nurses, and students using the Open VetSim platform. (1) Instructor Training As reported under "Target Audiences", in the last 12 months we have completed multiple training events for veterinary education professionals interested in using Open VetSim in their training programs. "Deep Dive" training events were held at Cornell University in Ithaca New York in January and November of 2019and were targeted at veterinary educators (both academics and private practitioners, veterinarians and veterinary nurses) who learned how to use Open VetSim to provide standardized veterinary CPR training based on the Reassessment Campaign on Veterinary Resuscitation (RECOVER) guidelines. These 2-day, hands on events each provided 32 attendees in-depth training on using Open VetSim, building simulators based on the platform, and designing training scenarios in the system. Training events were also held at 3 veterinary conferences in the US offfering similar 1-day training at the International Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care Symposium (September 2019), the Veterinary Meeting and Expo (VMX, January 2020) and the Western Veterinary Conference (WVC, February 2020). Two international "Deep Dive" 2-day events were held in Edinburgh, UK (February2020) and Stockholm, Sweden (March 2020), and a demonstration of Open VetSim was done at the Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists in Dublin, Ireland in March of 2020. (2) Veterinary Clinical Training The Open VetSim platform has been used around the world in the last 12 months to provide clinical training for veterinarians, veterinary nurses, and students. A small sample of the impacted learnersinclude: Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine: 120 students and approximately 60 veterinary nurses and house officers are trained in CPR each year using the Open VetSim platform. University of Melbourne veterinary students and house officers State University of New York Delhi veterinary technology students Standardized veterinary CPR training is offered annually using Open VetSim at the following veterinary conferences: The Veterinary Medical Expo Western Veterinary Conference Southwest Veterinary Symposium International Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care Symposium The same standardized training using Open VetSim was offered in the previous 12 months in Japan, Sweden, Scotland, Ireland, Germany, China, Australia, and Mexico. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?As discussed on the "Other Products" page, the Open VetSim software platform has been released under the Gnu GPL 3.0 open source license via a Github repository (https://github.com/OpenVetSimDevelopers). The hardware designs have also been released vua our developer web site (https://vetsim.net). As discussed above in the training and professional development section of this report, we have presented locally, nationally, and internatonally on Open VetSim and are making good inroads in the veterinary education communication. Dr. Fletcher was scheduled to be the keynote speaker for the International Veterinary Simulaion for Training (InVEST) conference in Granada to present Open VetSim(https://www.sgu.edu/news-and-events/events/invest-2020-international-veterinary-simulation-in-teaching/#speakers), but unfortunayely the conference has been delayed due to COVID-19. Once completed, the study we have planned comparing didactic and simulation training will be published in a veterinary education journal. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Goal (a)completing development of an open-source, flexible, high-fidelity, immersive simulation software and hardware platform. This goal has been achieved as descibed in the "Other Products" section. A complete and functional Open VetSim 1.0 software platform has been completed and is available through a Github repository. The hardware designs for the physical simulator have also been made available via our developer site. Details about access to these products are available in the "Other Products" section of this repiort. To date, over 20 simulators have been constructed and deployed at institutions in the US, Europe, Asia, and South America. The platform has proved to be robust and reproducible. Goal (b)comparing the efficacy of this platform for preparing naïve students to manage emergently-presenting patients with hemodynamic or respiratory instability with traditional, lecture-based training We were scheduled to complete data collection on this multi-instituional study at Cornell and the University of Melbourne in the spring of 2020. Unfortunately the COVID-19 pandemic has forced us to delay this project to, at the earliest, the winter of 2021. The materials needed for the study, including the didactic lecture content and simulations, are ready for use, but with restrictions on gatherings of students in both the US and Australia, we have had to delay data collection. We anticipate completion of this goal by the end of 2021, pending availability of a vaccine and relaxing of restrictions. Goal (c)disseminating the software code and hardware designs via a project web site and GitHub repository to the veterinary education community to lower the barriers to entry for resource constrained veterinary training programs to incorporate immersive simulation technologies into their curricula and to encourage continued development of the platform by creation of an open-source community to support the platform. This goal has been achieved as previously described. We have released the software under a GNU General Public License 3.0, and have provided training on the use of the platform in the context of veterinary CPR training to over 120 individuals through a combination of training events at Cornell University and at national and international training events in the US, UK, Sweden,Japan, Hong Kong, Australia, and South America. We are currently in the process of making modifications to the Open VetSim software platform to allow implementation of tele-simulation via web conference using other funding. The flexibility of the platform developed under this USDA project has allowed us to design and begin implementation of remote training that will provide opportunities for meaningful immersive simulation training during the current limitations imposed by the pandemic. This will further broaden our reach and the impact of the system.

Publications


    Progress 06/15/17 to 06/14/18

    Outputs
    Target Audience:Our beta simualtion platform has been used by several veterinary educators, and feedback from these organizations is helping to identify bugs and issues with features in the platform. Currently, systems are being built at Ross University and the University of Calgary, and we are testing systems for the University of Melbourne and for SUNY Delhi. In addition, we will be presenting workshops at the American Association of Veterinary Medical College's Veterinary Educator Collaborative meeting in June of 2018 and at the International Veterinary Simulation Education conference at Lincoln Memorial University inTennessee in October of 2018. We anticipate much broader outreach and installation of simulators in the second year of the project. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Nothing Reported How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?We have completed the basic foundation of our project web site (http://vetsim.org) and will be presenting workshops detailing construction and use of the simulator at 2 conferences as described previously in this report. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?(a) Development: We anticipate completion of beta testing of the simulation platform and the video debriefing system during the summer of 2018 with broad dissemination of the platform via our web site in late summer of 2018. (b) Efficacy Study: We anticipate data collection for the efficacy study during the winter of 2018-2019. (c) Dissemination: We anticipate completing population of the web site by the end of the summer of 2018. All code for the project is currently housed on GitHub.

    Impacts
    What was accomplished under these goals? Our progress towards our stated goals include: (a) Development: We have completed the bulk of the development on the simulation platform at this time and are in the early beta test phase of the complete canine simulator. We are in early alpha testing of the video debriefing component of the system. We anticipate completion of beta testing during the summer of 2018 with broad dissemination of the platform via our web site in late summer of 2018. (b) Efficacy Study: This has not yet been started. (c) Dissemination: The core of our web site is completed (http://vetsim.org).

    Publications