Progress 03/01/17 to 02/28/22
Outputs
Target Audience:Plant biologists, breedersand geneticists Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The project has provided training to one post doc and one graduate student How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?We presented our work at multiple meetings held at UGA primarily due to covid travel restrictions (see products). What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?The project has ended.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
The histological basis of the fruit shape in transgenic tomato and ovate/sov1 NILs. The ovate/sov1 double mutant results in tomato fruit elongation which is evident in the mature ovary, suggesting this shape regulation begins during floral development. The initial shape change was identified very early in floral development and alterations to cell division frequency is the major driving factor the change of the remaining meristem shape. Determine the role of OVATE-interacting TRMs in tomato plants Genetic combinations between ovate/sov1 and trm3/4 and trm5 rescued the elongated phenotype of ovate/sov1 tomato fruits. The addition of trm3/4 M8 and trm5 M8 mutants showed a subtle effect on fruit shape and did not rescue the elongated phenotype. Interestingly, combination between mutations in other OFP interacting TRMs, trm17/20a, trm19, trm26a were found to have the opposite phenotype and led to elongated tomato fruit shape. Suggesting that OFP-TRM modules can alternatively regulate organ shape and the dynamic expression of these genes may serve to fine-tune organ growth throughout development. Explore the biochemical interactions and subcellular localization of OVATE/SlOFP20 with SlTRMs. While most TRMs analyzed are localized to the MT and OFPs were found within the cytosol or the cytosol and nucleus, there is distinct subcellular localization of the OFP-TRM modules. Where some OFPs, such as OFP20 and OFP9 relocalize TRMs to the cytosol, other OFPs, such as OVATE and OFP6 relocalize to the microtubules with TRMs. The degree to how many cells feature this relocalization can also vary suggesting that there are additional factors determining the strength and mobility of the OFP-TRM modules formed. Determine the interactions of OVATE/SlOFP20 with the TTP complex and MT structures TRMs are a member of the TTP complex known to be involved in regulating cell division in plants. When TON1b, also a part of the TTP complex, is co-expressed with TRMs it can relocalize from the cytosol to the microtubules. Co-expression with OVATE results in relocalzation of TRMs and TON1b to the cytosol while co-expression with OFP20 does not appear to disrupt the MT localization of TRMs and TON1b.Some co-localization between OFP20 and TON1b was also observed when co-expressed in cytosolic strands, however the biological implications of this localization and the relocalization of TON1b from the microtubules has not been determined. However, even though OFP-TRM interactions can relocalize this protein to the cytosol from the MT, we have not determined any significant disruption of MT structure at this time. Aim 1A, 1C, 2, 3B, 3C, and 4B are completed (see previous years annual reports). Additional progress on Aim 1B. Identification that the initial change in morphology early in floral development in ovate/sov1 mutants is largely a result of reduction of cell division frequencies at specific developmental times can be partially rescued with the addition of the trm5 mutant. Furthermore, while cell size and division orientation is not impacted by ovate/sov1 the trm5 mutant presents with consistently smaller cells early in floral development and persists through ovary maturation. The results further support the main mechanism in ovary shape regulation is controlled by alterations to cell division frequencies in ovate/sov1. Furthermore, the rescue in shape by the addition of the trm5 mutant is also a result of altered cell divisions but may also represent a independent function of TRM5 in cell shape regulation. Additional progress on Aim2B. Analyses of ovate/sov1, trm3/4 and trm5 quadruple mutants suggests trm3/4 and trm5 act additively to rescue the elongated tomato fruit shape of ovate/sov1. Although, in-frame mutations within the, OFP interacting, M8 domian of trm3/4 and trm5 did not phenocopy the effect of the null mutants leaving the in planta role of the M8 domain to be determined. Additionally, mutations in trms within a separate phylogenetic subclade, trm17/20a, trm19, and trm26a were also found to impact tomato fruit shape. Interestingly, mutations in these trms were found to elongate tomatoes and had additive effects on elongation with genetic combinations between these trms and with ovate/sov1. Completion of Aim 3A. The subcellular localization of additional TRMs that impact fruit shape was assessed. SlTRM19 and SlTRM26a were found to localize to MT as the previously described TRMs. However, TRM 17/20a was found to localize within the cytosol. SlTRM19 contains two M8 domains and mutations in the first, more highly conserved domain resulted in some significant reduction in the interaction between OVATE in Y2H. When SlTRM19 was co-expressed with OVATE, SlTRM19 relocalized to the cytosol in 92% of cells. However, expression of SlTRM19 with OFP20 resulted in relocalization of OFP20 to the MT in 80% of cells. TRM26a is also localized to the MT, but expression with OVATE results in relocalization to the cytosol in 92% of cells. TRM17/20a is localized to the cytosol and expression with OFP20 resulted in both proteins remaining in the cytosol, however there was a loss of nuclear OFP20 in 60% of the cells, suggesting there may also be a role for relocalization of protein from the nucleus in the OFP-TRM interactions. SlOFP6 is localized to the cytosol and nucleus when expressed individually, similar to SlOFP20. However, when co-expressed with SlTRM25, 95% of cells expressing SlOFP6 and SlTRM25 relocalized SlOFP6 to the MT while only 38% of cells expressing SlOFP20 and SlTRM25 relocalized SlOFP20 to the MT. Similarly, SlOFP6 relocalized to the microtubules when co-expressed with SlTRM3/4 and SlTRM5 with 76% and 86% co-expressing cells, respectively. A mutation in the conserved amino acid of SlOFP6 (D335R) was coexpressed with SlTRM25 and there was a reduction in the amount of SlOFP6 that was relocalized to the cytoskeleton with only 33% of cells co-localizaing SlOFP6(D335R) and SlTRM25 to MT. A similar reduction was seen when SlOFP6(D335R) was co-expressed with TRM3/4 with only 13% of SlOFP6(D335R) localizing to the MT. SlOFP9 is localized to the cytosol, similar to OVATE. When co-expressed with SlTRM25, SlOFP9 remained in the cytosol and 90% of cells but in the majority of cells, relocalized SlTRM25 from the MT to the cytosol. SlOFP9 co-expression with SlTRM3/4, SlTRM5, and SlTRM19 had a similar impact, relocalzing these TRMs to the cytosol as well. Generating a mutation in the conserved residue of OFP9 (D200R) resulted in reduction in the relocalization of the TRMs to the cytosol with OFP9 with a majority of the cells expressing TRMs on the MT. The different combinations of OFPs and TRMs can have distinct effects on subcellular localization of the OFP-TRM complex. Where some interacting OFP and TRMs are localized in the cytosol, others are localized to the microtubules and this interaction can have varying degrees of re-localization suggesting a more complex kinetic interaction between these proteins. Completion of Aim 4A and 4C TRMs are relocalized from MT when co-expressed with OVATE and disruption of MT TRMs also results in disruption of MT localized TON1b. However, the relocalization of TRMs does not disrupt the microtubule structure as evident with the NBD MT marker in the presence of TRM5 and OVATE. Co-expression of TON1b with OVATE does not result in co-localization of OVATE and TON1b at the cytosolic strands as seen for OFP20, and the potential for a function of this subcellular localization remains undetermined and while no dramatic effects of protein localization on MT have been found, further analysis of MT structure as a result of expression of these proteins is required.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Investigating the Role of OFPs and TRMs in Tomato Organ Initiation and Shape Regulation in Tissue Culture at the PBGG retreat.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Submitted
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
A combinatorial TRM-OFP module is required to fine-tune tomato fruit shape
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
The role of OFPs and TRMs in patterning tomato fruit shape and identification of additional fruit shape modifiers.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Investigation of the cellular function and comparative expression analysis of OFPs, TRMs, and SUNs in floral organ shape
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Cell Division Patterns in Early Floral Development Shape the Tomato Ovary and Fruit
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Early Floral Development Regulates Shape of the Tomato Ovary and Fruit
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Mining potential gene interactions for OFPs, TRMs or SUNs from snRNA-seq dataset.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Investigating the Role of OFPs and TRMs in Tomato Organ Initiation and Shape Regulation in Tissue Culture at the developmental biology alliance.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Investigating the Role of OFPs and TRMs in Tomato Organ Initiation and Shape Regulation in Tissue Culture at the Plant Center retreat.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Automated Image Based Tomato Ripeness Categorization Using Python and the OpenCV Library
|
Progress 03/01/20 to 02/28/21
Outputs
Target Audience:The target audiences are plant biologists, geneticists, horticulturists and plant breeders. ? Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The project has provided training to one post doc and one graduate student How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The post doc and graduate student have presented their work on ovate at meetings. The PI has given several talks at different venues about this research. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?To complete aim 3A, we planto evaluate the subcellular localization of SlTRM19 with a few OVATE and OFP20 mutantsto determine if the co-localization is affected in these mutants or not. We also plan to evaluate the co-expression results with SlOFP6 and SlOFP9 WT and mutantsOFP6 (D335R) and OFP9 (D200R) with all four SlTRMs to evaluate the co-localization pattern of these proteins to further confirm further that the negatively charged residue in each OFP is very important for the OFP-TRM interaction. To complete aim 4A, we plan to include the various interactions of TRMs, OFPs and TON1. To complete aim 4C, we plan to evaluate WT, ovate/sov1for the organization of MT in floral buds using the mCherry TUB marker lines.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Aim 1A, 1C, 2, 3B, 3C, and 4B are completed (see previous years annual reports). Progress on Aim 1B.While most activities for this aim were completed in previous years, we continue to delve into the details of morphological changes very early in floral development. First, changes to the remaining meristem shape are detected as early as 4dpi in the ovate/sov1 mutant. Moreover and very excitingly, we evaluated the number of cells undergoing periclinal and anticlinal divisions in order to determine how early changes in cell division patterning would be visible.Analysis of the orientation of cell divisions did not reveal a change in the number of cells dividing in a periclinal vs anticlinal direction in the ovate and ovate/sov1 mutants compared to WT at any stage of early development. Instead, the cell division frequencies were reduced within the floral meristem and early in floral development (1-7dpi) in the ovate and ovate/sov1 mutants. Additionally, the number of cells within the floral meristem were already reduced by several cells. This tantalizing finding suggeststhat the mechanism resulting in the narrower remaining meristem and carpel is related to cell division frequencies rather than cell division orientations.Additionally, these morphological changes do not seem to be due to changes in cell shape and size at these stages in the ovate andovate/sov1mutant as both are not significantly different from WT. Further supporting the alterations to cell division frequencies being the driving mechanism in shape alteration at the early floral developmental stages. Progress on aim 3A. While most of this aim was completed in previous years,we continued cloning additional TRMs and OFPs for coexpression analysis in N. benthamiana.As expected based on the charge prediction, SlTRM19 was associated with the cytoskeleton, similar as SlTRM3/4, SlTRM5 and SlTRM25. When it was co-expressed, both TRM19 and OVATE were co-localized in cytosol in most of the cells while co-expression with SlOPF20 leads to co-localization of both proteins to the microtubule is 90% of the cells. This pattern is similar to SlTRM5 results when co-expressed with OVATE and SlOFP20.We examined the subcellular localization of two other OFPs that are close paralogs of OVATE, SlOFP6 and SlOFP9. When expressed individually in tobacco leaf epidermal cells, SlOFP6 localized to the nucleus, similar to SlOFP20 while SlOFP9 localized to the cytosol, similar to OVATE. Progress on aim 4A.Co-localization of OFP20-GFP with RFP-TRM5 and TON1b-CFP was analyzed in transient transformations of N. benthamiana. When OFP20 and TRM5 are co-expressed they localize to the microtubules and the addition of TON1b also localizes to the microtubules. The localization of TON1b to the microtubules requires co-expression with TRM5. Individually expressed TON1b is localized to the cytosol while forming some cytosolic strands. Co-expression of OFP20 and TON1b both proteins are localized in the cytosol with more apparent cytosolic strands than seen in OFP20 individually expressed. Whether this minor co-localization has biological relevance remains to be determined and may be an artifact of endogenously expressed TRMs within the N. benthamiana epidermal cells.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Name: Ashley Snouffer
Event: Sainsbury Laboratory Symposium 20 Pluripotency in Plant Development
Date: September 22nd-25th 2020
Authors: A. Snouffer, B. Zhang C. Kraus, N. Keyhaninejad, S. Wu, N. Taitano, E. van der Knaap
Title: Developmental mechanisms regulated by tomato OFPs and TRMs to control early ovary shape
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
A Common Mechanism Underlies Morphological Variation in Tomato and Other Vegetables, Seminar UGA Department of Food Science and Technology. October 2020
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Exploiting Genetic Diversity to Decipher Molecular Developmental Pathways in Plants. 30th anniversary of the department of Genetics at Michigan State University. Oct 2020
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Under Review
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Identification and Characterization of GLOBE, a Major Gene Controlling Fruit Shape and Impacting Fruit Size and Marketability in Tomato.
By Sierra-Orozco, E., R. Chekasteband, E. Illa-Berenguer, A. Snouffer, E. van der Knaap, T. Geon Lee, S, Hutton.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Name: Ashley Snouffer
Event: Sol International Online Meeting
Date: November 9th 11th
Authors: A. Snouffer, B. Zhang, C. Kraus, E. van der Knaap
Title: Regulation of cell division and cell shape by tomato OFPs and TRMs to control early ovary shape
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Name: Natacha Namphengsone
Event: Sol International Online Meeting
Date: November 9th 11th
Authors: N. Namphengsone, A. Snouffer, B. Zhang, & E. van der Knaap
Title: Investigating the Role of OFPs and TRMs in Tomato Organ Initiation and Shape Regulation in Tissue Culture
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
A common mechanism underlies morphological variation in plants. UC Davis Plant Breeding symposium. May 2020. Virtual
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
All about shapes of the foods we eat. Talk for 4H at UGA
|
Progress 03/01/19 to 02/29/20
Outputs
Target Audience:The target audience are plant biologists, geneticists, horticulturists and plant breeders Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Post docs and graduate students have presented their research at meetings and conferences. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The lab has given numerous poster and oral presentations specifcally on the findings from this grant. We have also published or submitted peer reviewed manuscripts. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We hope to continue finishing the aims left on the grant in this year of NCE, Covid 19 situation permitting.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Aim 1, 2A, 3B, 3C and 4B are completed (see previous year's annual reports). Progress on Aim 2B: The evaluation of nulls in M8 containing TRMs show that contrary to the effect of TRM3/4 and TRM5 nulls on fruit shape (rounder), nulls in TRM17/20a and TRM19 combined lead to a synergistic interaction towards an elongated fruit shape. Moreover, this effect is further enhanced in the sov1/ov mutant background. This confirms preliminary data from last year that the TRMs have antagonistic interactions on fruit shape. Aim 2C: The histological effect on shape was studied in the TRM17/20a and TRM19 mutant backgrounds. The results showed that cell number in the medio-lateral direction was significantly reduced in both WT and sov1/ov background. Thus, the results show that mutations in OVATE, SlOFP20, TRMs leading to fruit shape changes do so by affecting cell number in the proximo-distal and/or medio-lateral direction. Aim 3A: For colocalization studies, we used N benthamiana leaves. When co expressed in pairs of one OFP and one TRM, the proteins relocalize primarily to one compartment that differs from when expressed alone. In addition to the observed colocalization of OVATE, SlOFP20 when expressed together with TRM3/4, TRM5 and TRM25 (from previous annual reports), the co-expression of these same TRMs with tomato OFP6 and OFP9 leads to similar dynamic relocalization patterns as found for OVATE and OFP20. The results show that the colocalization of OVATE with M8-containing TRMs may be universal for the entire OFP family. Aim 4A: For this aim, we sought to evaluate the subcellular localization of three proteins: OVATE or OFP20, TRM3/4 and TON1b when coexpressed in tobacco leaf epidermal cells. The controls worked: OVATE and TRM3/4 are in the cytosol whereas TRM3/4 and TON1b are at the microtubules. Similarly, both OFP20 and TRM3/4 as well as TON1b and TRM3/4 are at the microtubules. When OVATE is coexpressed with TRM3/4 and TON1b, all three are found primarily in the cytosol. Contrary, when OFP20 is coexpressed with TRM3/4 and TON1b, all are at the microtubules. We expected that the relocalization of TRM3/4 and TON1b with OVATE back to the microtubules would be disrupted if OVATE and TRM3/4 can't interact anymore. Unfortunately, disrupting the TRM3/4 and OVATE interaction motifs led to very limited microtubular localization of TRM3/4 and TON1b. These finding suggest a much more complicated interaction of OFPs and TRMs and resulting subcellular localization in the tobacco leaf cells that may also include endogenous OFPs and TRMs.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Biyao Zhang and Esther van der Knaap: "OFP-TRM system in tomato fruit shape regulation". Invited talk Plant Center symposium, UGA Athens GA, May 2019
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Biyao Zhang and Esther van der Knaap: "Synergistic and antagonistic interactions of TRMs in OVATE-associated tomato fruit shape regulation". PFG seminar UGA April 2019.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Carmen Kraus: "Budding Beauty: Shining Light on Tomato Growth". Finalist 3 MT presentation, UGA, Athens GA April 2019.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Carmen Kraus and Esther van der Knaap: "Getting in Shape: How early are tomato shape differences apparent in developing buds?" Second place MS poster presentation at the Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics annual retreat. UGA, Amicalola Falls GA, May 2019.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Ashley Snouffer and Esther van der Knaap: "Investigating the cellular mechanisms of OVATE Family Proteins (OFPs) in tomato flower development". poster at the FASEB meeting in Aug 1 2019 in Olean NY.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Ashley Snouffer and Esther van der Knaap: "Cellular mechanisms of OVATE Family Proteins (OFPs) in tomato flower development and fruit shape". Invited talk Developmental Biology Alliance UGA, Athens, May 13 2019.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Ashley Snouffer and Esther van der Knaap: "Investigating the cellular mechanisms of OVATE Family Proteins (OFPs) in tomato flower development". poster at the UGA Plant Center retreat October 2019 Helen GA.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Esther van der Knaap: "A common genetic mechanism underlies morphological variation in plant organs". Invited talk at China Agricultural University Beijing China Apr 17 2019.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Esther van der Knaap: "A common pathway underlies morphological diversity in plants". Invited talk at the International Symposium on Horticultural Biology. Fuzhou China, April 20 2019.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Esther van der Knaap: "A common genetic mechanism underlies morphological variation in plant organs". Invited talk Nanjing University Nanjing, China, Apr 22 2019.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Esther van der Knaap: "A common genetic mechanism underlies morphological variation in plants". invited talk CROPS meeting Huntsville AL June 4 2019.
- Type:
Theses/Dissertations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Carmen Kraus: "Ovate and its associates: The interactions of tomato OVATE with TRMs and TON1". Masters Thesis. University of Georgia, July 2019.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Esther van der Knaap: "A common genetic mechanism underlies morphological variation in plants". Invited talk UGA Genetics retreat Aug 16 2019. Athens GA.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Esther van der Knaap: "A common mechanism underlies morphological diversity in plants". Invited seminar Biology department College of Charleston SC Aug 26 2019.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Esther van der Knaap: "A common genetic mechanism underlies morphological variation in plant organs". Invited talk at the LXIII SIGA annual congress Naples Italy Sept 10 2019.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Esther van der Knaap: "A common genetic mechanism underlies morphological variation in plants". Invited talk at the XVI Solanaceae Conference in Jerusalem Israel, Sept 16 2019.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Snouffer, A., C. Kraus, E. van der Knaap (2020) The shape of things to come: ovate family proteins regulate plant organ shape. Current Opin Pl Biol 53, 98-105.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Submitted
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Keyhaninejad, N., S. Wu, A. Snouffer, T. Meulia, M. D. Lazzaro, Q. Li, E. van der Knaap. 2020. Electrostatic interactions of tomato OFPs and TRMs leads to dynamic differential subcellular localizations in tobacco leaf epidermal cells. Submitted
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Li, Q., M. Sapkota, E. van der Knaap. 2020. Perspectives of CRISPR/Cas-mediated cis-engineering in horticulture: unlocking the neglected potential for crop improvement. Hort Research 7: 36
|
Progress 03/01/18 to 02/28/19
Outputs
Target Audience:Plant scientists, developmental biologists, geneticists, plant breeders Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Two post doctoral scholars worked full time on this project. These post docs attended national meetings to present their work. One post doc received the best poster award at the UGA Plant Center retreat in September 2018. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Two peer-reviewed publications including in Nature Communications. These publications received extensive media coverage in the horticulture, agriculture and general public spheres across the world. We presented these findings at multiple occassions as talks, posters and invited seminars. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We plan to follow the aims according to the submitted proposal.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
The major discovery that OFP-TRM pathway is likely to explain shape of all vegetables and fruits, and may even explain grain shape. Aim1B: To evaluate the developmental timing of the shape change, we examined by light microscopy the stages of floral development starting at 4 days post floral initiation (dpi) using the first inflorescence on the main stem of each plant. This time point is prior to the carpel primordia emergence (Xiao et al. 2009). To ensure floral development is not altered in the double NIL and transgenic lines, we evaluated the timing of carpel development similarly as was previously determined for WT (Xiao et al. 2009). We collected the representative stages of development 4 dpi, 6dpi, 7dpi, and 9 dpi (approximately 10 days before anthesis at the time when the ovary is enclosing). The floral tissues were fixed, cleared with Clearsee solution, and stained with Calcofluor. We examined early flower bud developmental stages using 10-15 inflorescences each of the NILs for ovate/sov1 and ovate/sov1/trm5, and wild type accession LA1589. We took medial-lateral length and cell count measurements of the developing carpel primordia. Our data indicate that buds with ovate/sov1 mutations have a narrower medial-lateral length and smaller medial-lateral cell count than WT LA1589 at seven days post-initiation. These results suggest that OVATE affects ovary patterning early in gynoecium development. At this early stage the ovate/sov1/trm5 triple mutants already display a similar phenotype to LA1589. Aim2A and 2B: In our previous work, we discovered 11 TRM (TON1 Recruiting Motif) genes that interact with OVATE in yeast. We also analyzed the mutant versions of two TRMs, TRM3/4 and TRM5, in tomato organ shape regulation. The deficiency of TRM5 causes flatter fruits and partially rescue the elongated and pear-shaped fruits of ovate/sov1 double NIL to almost wild type shape. Recently, we discovered two potential null alleles for TRM3/4, a 4bp deletion and 16bp deletion in coding region. Single mutants of trm3/4 have no obvious change in fruit shape and its double mutants with trm5 is similar to trm5 single mutant. These implies a minor, if any, function of TRM3/4 in tomato fruit shape regulation. These trm3/4 alleles will also be investigated in the ovate/sov1 background to affirm the minor contributions of TRM3/4 in OVATE-related shape regulation. The M8 domains of TRMs are critical for the OFPs-TRMs interaction. In-frame mutations of critical amino acids in M8 domains of TRM5 and TRM3/4 have been created to confirm its nature functions in tomato plants in year 3 of the project. To better understand the function of the OVATE-interacting TRMs in plant development, we created knock out mutants in TRM17/20a, TRM19, TRM26a and TRM30/34a in the LA1589 background. The guide RNAs of these genes were designed in the M8 domain in order to obtain both null alleles as well as M8 in-frame mutant alleles for each TRM. More than two null alleles and at least one M8 in frame mutant allele for each TRMs have been identified. We have created single, double, triple and quadruple knock out lines. Our preliminary data showed that trm19 single mutants bear slightly elongated ovaries and obovoid fruits. The trm17/20a, trm26a and trm30/34a may enhance the trm19 phenotype, featuring longer ovaries and typical pyriform fruits. The results suggest redundant as well as synergistic interaction of these TRMs. Intriguingly, these phenotypes were opposite to the trm5 mutant, which has flatter ovary and fruit shapes. Therefore, TRM17/20a, TRM19, TRM26a, TRM30/34a may function antagonistically wiht TRM5. Genetic analysis of trm5 and trm19 (18S301) indicate that the double mutant can complement to wild type fruit shape. Aim3C: To confirm that OFPs and SlTRMs directly interacted with each other in the same subcellular compartment as where the proteins colocalized, Bifluorescence Complementation (BiFC) assays were performed. To determine which combination of clones, N-terminally or C-terminally fused nYFP or cYFP, OVATE and TRM25 were subcloned using restriction and ligation cloning. By evaluating YFP expression for all possible combinations, only two combinations, OVATE?cYFP + nYFP?TRM25 and OVATE?nYFP + cYFP?TRM25, showed a strong YFP signal. To determine whether the YFP signal was associated with the microtubules (MT) or in the cytosol as found for the full-length fluorescent proteins, we zoomed in on a few cells. Indeed, approximately the same fraction of cells showed either MT or cytosol localization. Thus, the BiFC results are similar to those found when expressing the full-length fluorescent proteins. As control, the BiFC assay was conducted with the mutant versions of OVATE and TRM25 that were shown to reduce interaction in yeast and tobacco. OVATED280R ?cYFP + nYFP?TRM25 WT, OVATE WT?cYFP + nYFP?TRM25K327V and OVATED280R ?cYFP + nYFP?TRM25K327V were selected to evaluate the strength of the YFP signal. For all mutant combinations, the number of cells with YFP signal and the intensity of BiFC florescence was dramatically lower compared to coexpression of the WT proteins. The same combinations were used for OVATE and TRM5 WT/mutant and the results showed that the YFP signal was stronger with OVATE WT and TRM5 WT and much weaker with the single and double mutant. Also, the YFP signal was mostly detected in the cytosol which was the same localization as the coexpression of the full length proteins. SlTRM17/20a and SlTRM3/4 WT and OVATE WT/mutant were selected for BiFC to check the YFP signal. The BiFC results showed that the YFP signal is stronger when both SlTRMs are expressed together with OVATE WT than with OVATED280R (Wu et al, 2018). We also performed BiFC with OFP20 and SlTRM5. The 8 combinations of TRM5 and OFP20 were tested and two showed strong YFP signal (cYFP-OFP20 + nYFP?TRM5 and nYFP-OFP20 + cYFP?TRM5). As expected, the BiFC results were similar to those found when expressing the full-length fluorescent proteins and the YFP signal was primarily associated with the MT. For further analysis, the combination of nYFP-OFP20 + cYFP?TRM5 was selected and cYFP?TRM5R374V was used for the mutant combinations. The same as the coexpressed proteins, the YFP signal and intensity was much stronger in WT compared to the mutant combination with very few cells with weaker YFP signal. These results demonstrate that mutations in the OFP domain of OVATE/OFP20 and the M8 domain of SlTRMs that reduce or abolish the interaction in Y2H or tobacco also led to a diminished YFP signal in BiFC (Wu et al, 2018). Aim4B: The goal for this aim is to demonstrate that SlTRMs associate with the MTs. Coexpression of SlTRMs with the MT marker, GFP-MBD and the actin-associated marker, GFP-fADB2 were unsuccessful due to the apparent competition to associate with the MTs. Instead, we expressed the GFP-MBD, GFP-fADB2 and SlTRMs alone and showed strong similarity in pattering of SlTRMs and MBD but not with fADB2. Treatment withLatrunculin B or Oryzalin leads to depolymerization of the actin and tubulin filaments, respectively. 70 to 90 hours post-infiltration of the SlTRM clone, the tobacco leaves were treated with the inhibitors three hours before imaging. Leaf discs were mounted in water and viewed directly with a Zeiss LSM 880 Confocal Microscope system. The results showed that with Oryzalin treatment, the cytoskeleton structure of SlTRMs and GFP-MAP4 (MBD) was disrupted while GFP-fADB2 structure was not disrupted. Conversely, with Latrunculin B treatment, GFP-fADB2 cytoskeleton association was disrupted. These results show that the cytoskeleton-associated TRMs are at the MT (Wu etal, 2018).
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Lazzaro MD, Wu S, Snouffer A, Wang Y, van der Knaap E. Plant Organ Shapes Are Regulated by Protein Interactions and Associations With Microtubules.Front Plant Sci 9:1766 2018
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Functional analysis of OVATE interacting TRMs in Tomato. Biyao Zhang, Qiang Li, Neda Keyhaninejad, Esther van der Knaap. Poster session presented at the meeting of 2nd International Conference on Plant Synthetic Biology, Bioengineering, and Biotechnology(PSBBB)
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Organ Shape Gene Orthologs: Searching for Shared Shape Regulators Among Three Solanaceous Crops. Taitano, N., Wu, S., Harry, S., Halterman, D., Hill, T., Van Deynze, A., Jansky, S., van der Knaap, E. Poster session presented at the meeting of UGA Plant Center Retreat
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Mapping the Tomato OFP-TRM Interaction Motifs by Site-directed Mutagenesis. Neda Keyhaninejad, Shan Wu, Tea Meulia and Esther van der Knaap. Poster session presented at the meeting of UGA Plant Center Retreat
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Functional analysis of OVATE interacting TRMs in Tomato. Biyao Zhang, Qiang Li, Neda Keyhaninejad, Esther van der Knaap. Poster session presented at the meeting of UGA Plant Center retreat
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Determining the cellular and biochemical mechanisms of OVATE Family Proteins (OFPs) in tomato fruit shape regulation. Ashley Snouffer and Esther van der Knaap. Poster session presented at the meeting of UGA Plant Center retreat
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Tomatoes take shape: When are tomato shape differences apparent in the developing bud? Kraus, C. & van der Knaap, E.. Poster session presented at the meeting of UGA IPBGG retreat
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Wu, S., Zhang, B., Keyhaninejad, N., Rodriguez, G. R., Kim, H. J., Chakrabarti, M., . . . van der Knaap, E. (2018).A common genetic mechanism underlies morphological diversity in fruits and other plant organs. NATURE COMMUNICATIONS, 9,
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
http://www.gpbnews.org/post/research-uga-reveals-genetic-impact-fruit-and-vegetable-shape 29 Nov 2018. Segment on NPR morning edition
- Type:
Websites
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
https://www.upi.com/Fruit-vegetable-shapes-controlled-by-newly-discovered-genetic-mechanism/4461542030972/
- Type:
Websites
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
https://www.techexplorist.com/what-give-vegetables-their-shape/18778/
- Type:
Websites
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
https://www.pythom.com/Researchers-discover-genes-that-give-vegetables-their-shape-2018-11-12-15634
- Type:
Websites
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
https://www.hortidaily.com/article/9042172/us-researchers-discover-genes-that-define-a-vegetable-s-shape/
- Type:
Websites
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
https://www.growingproduce.com/vegetables/researchers-find-gene-that-gives-vegetables-their-shape/
- Type:
Websites
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
https://www.freshplaza.com/article/9041616/us-researchers-discover-genes-that-define-a-vegetable-s-shape/
- Type:
Websites
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
https://www.breitbart.com/news/fruit-vegetable-shapes-controlled-by-newly-discovered-genetic-mechanism/
- Type:
Websites
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
https://tech2.org/researchers-discover-genes-that-shape-vegetables/
- Type:
Websites
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
https://scienceblog.com/504302/researchers-discover-genes-that-give-vegetables-their-shape/
- Type:
Websites
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
https://phys.org/news/2018-11-genes-vegetables.html
- Type:
Websites
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
https://flipboard.com/section/flipboard-section-p2manfcuhcutquul/uga-researchers-discover-genes-that-give-vegetables-their-shape/f-372b6edce9%2Fonlineathens.com
- Type:
Websites
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
http://iasvn.org/en/homepage/Researchers-find-genetic-mechanism-for-controlling-the-shape-of-fruits,-vegetables,-and-grains-7262.html
- Type:
Websites
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Vegetable shape http://newswire.caes.uga.edu/story.html?storyid=7776
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Athens Banner-Harald 22 Nov 2018. UGA researchers discover genes that give vegetables their shape.
- Type:
Websites
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
http://www.gpbnews.org/post/research-uga-reveals-genetic-impact-fruit-and-vegetable-shape
- Type:
Websites
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
http://esciencenews.com/sources/science.blog/2018/11/12/researchers.discover.genes.give.vegetables.their.shape
- Type:
Websites
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
http://e.vaas.org.vn/researchers-find-genetic-mechanism-for-controlling-the-shape-of-fruits-vegetables-and-grains-c15056.htm
- Type:
Websites
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
https://news.uga.edu/discover-genes-give-vegetables-shape/ 09 Nov 2018
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
A common mechanism underlies morphological diversity in plants. Conference Plant Genomes in a Changing Environment. Hinxton UK, oct 25 2018
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Tomatoes take shape: When are tomato shape differences apparent in the developing bud? Kraus, C. & van der Knaap, E. Plant Center retreat UGA. 27 Sept 2018
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Mapping the Tomato OFP-TRM Interaction Motifs by Site-directed Mutagenesis. Neda Keyhaninejad, Shan Wu, Tea Meulia and Esther van der Knaap. Poster session Plant Center Retreat UGA 27 Sept 2018
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
A novel mechanism underlies morphological diversity in plants. invited talk Plant Biology meeting, Montreal Canada July 2018
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
The regulation of tomato fruit morphology, TULIP meeting Toulouse France May 2018
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Molecular genetic control of fruit weight and shape in tomato. Shandong Agricultural University Apr 29 2018
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Organ Shape Gene Orthologs: Searching for Shared Shape Regulators Among Three Solanaceous Crops Taitano, N., Wu, S., Harry, S., Halterman, D., Hill, T., Van Deynze, A., Jansky, S., van der Knaap, E. Poster presentation at the IPBGG meeting UGA. May 2018
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Molecular genetic control of fruit weight and shape in tomato. Huazhong Agricultural University, Apr 23 2018, Wuhan, China
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
A novel mechanism underlies morphological diversity in plants. Invited seminar Purdue University april 11 2018
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
The Shape of Tomatoes by Carmen Kraus finalist 3 MT at Cine in Athens GA. Apr 3 2018
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
The role of OVATE FAMILY PROTEINS in tomato fruit shape. Invited seminar Clemson University Mar 30th 2018
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Progress 03/01/17 to 02/28/18
Outputs
Target Audience:The target audience for this project are crop physiologists, developmental biologists and plant breeders. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Staff person Neda Keyhaninejad and post doc Biyao Zhang traveled to the CROPS meeting in Huntsville Alabama and presented a poster. Both have giventalks at UGA about their work . How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Many talks and several posters were presented in yr 1. Talks were both at national and international meetings as well as visits at Universities. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We have not encountered major set backs in our research findings and will proceed with the aims for year 2.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
1A and C - Both ovate and sov1 contribute to pear-shaped tomato fruits. Genetic analysis implied that sov1 encodes another member of OVATE family protein, namely SlOFP20. To confirm its role on the tomato shape regulation, we overexpressed SlOFP20 in a pear-shaped variety Yellow Pear (Solanum lycopersicum) under control of the 35S promoter. We also reduced its expression in a round-fruit wild relative LA1589 (S. pimpinellifolium) to approximate expression levels in the natural mutants. The fruit data showed that overexpression of SlOFP20 in Yellow Pear produced much rounder fruits with a highly decreased fruit elongation, lower obovoid index and higher proximal end angle than the non-transformed Yellow Pear. Correspondingly, down regulation of SlOFP20 in LA1589 led to a more elongated fruit shape but only in the ovate background. Importantly, down regulation of SlOFP20 in the ovate background led to a tomato shape that was as elongated as the natural sov1/ovate double NIL. These plant transformation results conclusively show that SlOFP20 underlies sov1 and demonstrate that mutations in two OFP members contribute to fruit shape variation in the tomato germplasm. The shape indices of anthesis-stage ovaries in the ovate/sov1 single and double NILs, as well as the SlOFP20 overexpression and amiRNA transgenic lines were examined. Both amiRNA and the sov1/ovate NILs showed similar interactions of OVATE and SlOFP20 in the ovary as well as in the fruit. Correspondingly, a much rounder ovary shape was found in the SlOFP20 overexpression line compared to wild-type Yellow Pear verified the negative regulation of SlOFP20 on pear-shaped fruits. We evaluated the cellular parameters in all NILs and transgenic lines using anthesis-stage ovaries stained with Propidium Iodide. The most significant morphological changes appear at the proximal end of the ovary, away from the ovules. In the ovate and ovate/sov1 genotypes, a significant increase in cell number was observed along the proximo-distal axis and a significant decrease was observed along the medio-lateral axis. Although cell length and cell width were both significant, cell shape indices were highly variable and barely altered, suggesting a minor role for cell shape in regulating ovary elongation. Consistent with the results in the natural NILs, cell shape indices in SlOFP20 amiRNA and overexpression lines were also not significantly different, possibly because of the large variation among samples. Therefore, we concluded that OVATE and SlOFP20 synergistically function in shape regulation by primarily modulating cell division patterns during ovary development. 2A and C - Previously, Tonneau1 Recruitment Motif family (TRM) proteins were found to interact with OVATE in a yeast 2-hybrid system. Among them, SlTRM3/4 and SlTRM5 were thought to likely control tomato fruit shape. To test this hypothesis, we employed the CRISPR-Cas9 technology to create several independent mutations in SlTRM3/4 and SlTRM5 in wild type tomato LA1589 (S. pimpinellifolium). Via sequencing, we determined the length and position of the CRISPR-Cas9 induced deletion in the different lines. We backcrossed the trm alleles with ovate/sov1 double NIL in the LA1589 background to remove the CRISPR-Cas9 transgene and selected the heterozygous F1 at all four loci. We decided to continue with a 3 bp (in frame) deletion in SlTRM3/4 and a 1 bp (frame shift) deletion and insertion in SlTRM5. In the sov1/ovate double NIL background, the Sltrm5 mutation rescued the phenotype towards the wild type fruit. Fruit shape attributes were close to or indistinguishable from wild type. The shape indices of anthesis-stage ovaries in the triple mutants were also evaluated and showed a similar trend as the fruit. This shows that SlTRM5 as well as OVATE and SlOFP20 function during the formation of the ovary. Both the 3bp-deletion and 15bp-deletion alleles of Sltrm3/4 failed to show phenotypes for fruit shape. We did not obtain a KO allele of this TRM, the function of SlTRM3/4 is inconclusive. The increase in proximo-distal length of the ovate/sov1 double NIL returned towards wild type in the ovate/sov1/Sltrm5 mutant. To decipher the cellular parameters of shape, we investigated the cell number and cell shape indices in the proximal end area of ovaries by PI staining as described above. In the ovate and ovate/sov1 genotypes, the significant increase in cell number at proximo-distal axis and decrease at medio-lateral axis were partially offset in the presence of Sltrm5. The cell number along the two axes in the triple mutant approximated the values found in wild-type ovaries, especially in the proximo-distal direction. Cell length and width increase in ovate and ovate/sov1 were also offset by the Sltrm5 mutation. Together, these data show that OVATE and SlOFP20 synergistically function in shape regulation by primarily modulating cell division patterns, and that SlTRM5 balances these division patterns to determine final tomato fruit shapes. 3A and B - To map the interaction motif in OVATE/SlOFP20 with the TRMs, a series of mutations were created using site directed mutagenesis. The interactions were tested in Y2H experiments. We also tested whether certain charged conserved residues were critical for interaction. The strength of the Y2H interactions were quantified by evaluating α-galactosidase activity. Three single colonies of each combination repeated twice for a total of 6 independent quantification of the enzyme activity. We evaluated 8 mutations in the OFP domain of OVATE and corresponding mutations for 4 of them in SlOFP20. For the TRMs, only 1 mutation was evaluated for the single charged residue in the M8 motif. The summary of the results show that one negatively charged and highly conserved residue, OVATED280V/R, and correspondingly, SlOFP20D265V/R, significantly reduced or completely abolished the interaction with wild type TRMs. Conversely, mutant TRMs led to reduced interaction with wild type and weaker mutants of OVATE and SlOFP20. To determine whether the encoded proteins mechanistically interact inside plant cells as they do in yeast, we expressed the proteins alone or in pairs in tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) leaf epidermal cells. For constructs used in the transient assays, full-length wild type or mutant coding sequences (CDS) of the OFPs and TRMswere cloned into pENTR/D-TOPO Gateway entry vector and the coding regions were recombined into binary destination expression vectors. The subcellular localization of OVATE and SlOFP20 was distinct as the former localized to the cytoplasm and the latter to the nucleus and cytoplasm. When expressed alone, SlTRM3/4, SlTRM5 and SlTRM25 showed cytoskeleton-associated localization patterns, which is most likely with microtubule structures. We next coexpressed OVATE/SlOFP20 with one of the microtubule-associated SlTRMs in tobacco leaf cells. Upon coexpression with OVATE, SlTRM5 relocalized to the cytoplasm while OVATE remained in the cytoplasm. On the other hand, when coexpressed with SlOFP20, SlOPF20 and SlTRM5 colocalized at the microtubules in these cells while SlOFP20 also remained in the nucleus. SlTRM5 was never found in the nucleus in tobacco leaf cells when coexpressed with the SlOFPs. For SlTRM3/4 when coexpressed with either OVATE or SlOFP20, the protein relocalized to the cytoplasm in nearly all cells that were evaluated. Far more dynamic relocalizations were observed for OVATE or SlOFP20 when coexpressed with SlTRM25. In the cells expressing both proteins, OVATE/SlOFP20 and SlTRM25 were either found together in the cytoplasm or associated with the microtubules. Next, we tested the coexpression of the OVATE mutants/SlOFP20 mutants with SlTRMs WT and mutant. Thestrong OVATE mutant that showed abolished Y2H interactions with SlTRMs when coexpressed in tobacco (OVATED280R), the relocalization was almost completely abolished. Similar results were obtained for SlOFP20 mutants.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Biyao Zhang, Neda Keyhaninejad, Shan Wu and Esther van der Knaap. TRM Genes Regulate Organ Shapes and fertility determination in Tomato. CROPs 2017, Huntsville, AL. poster presentation
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Biyao Zhang, Neda Keyhaninejad, Shan Wu and Esther van der Knaap. TRM Genes Regulate Organ Shapes and fertility determination in Tomato. UGA Plant Center Retreat 2017, Helen, GA. poster presentation
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Neda Keyhaninejad, Shan Wu, Tea Meulia and Esther van der Knaap. Interaction of tomato TRM3/4 and TRM5 with OVATE and SlOFP20. CROPs 2017, Huntsville, AL.poster presentation
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Neda Keyhaninejad, Shan Wu, Tea Meulia and Esther van der Knaap. Mapping the Tomato OFP-TRM Interaction Motifs by Site-directed Mutagenesis. UGA Plant Center Retreat 2017, Helen, GA. poster presentation
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Submitted
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Shan Wu1, Biyao Zhang2, Neda Keyhaninejad1,2, Gustavo R. Rodr�guez1,3, Hyun Jung Kim1, Manohar Chakrabarti1, Eudald Illa-Berenguer2, Nathan K. Taitano2, MJ Gonzalo4, Aurora D�az4,5, Yupeng Pan6, Courtney Leisner7, Dennis Halterman8, C. Robin Buell7, Yiqun Weng8, Shelley H. Jansky8, Antonio J. Monforte4, Tea Meulia9,10, Esther van der Knaap1,2,11,*
A novel mechanism underlies morphological diversity in plants.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
The role of OVATE Family Proteins in tomato fruit patterning. Plant Organ Growth Symposium, Elche, Spain, Mar 15, 2017. Invited speaker.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
The role of Ovate Family Proteins in tomato fruit patterning. Esther van der Knaap, poster presentation FASEB meeting July 30-Aug 2, 2017. River Saxton, VT.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Controlling plant morphology: the sizes and shapes of tomato fruits as a model. Seminar speaker at INRA, Institute Jean Pierre Bourgin, Versailles, France, Mar 13, 2017. invited speaker
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
The role of OVATE Family Proteins in regulating tomato fruit patterning. Genomics and Systems Biology VII Symposium, New York University-Abu Dhabi, UAE, Feb 7, 2017. Invited speaker
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Regulating morphology: sizes and shapes of the tomato as a model. Genetics Retreat Aug 8th, 2017, UGA. invited speaker
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
The role of Ovate Family Proteins in tomato fruit patterning. Academic Days 2017, Langebio, Irapuato Dec 6, 2017. Invited speaker
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
The role of Ovate Family Proteins in tomato fruit patterning. USDA-NIFA AFRI 2017-67013-26199 Foundational Program PD annual meeting. Jan 12, 2018. Invited speaker
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
The role of Ovate Family Proteins in tomato fruit patterning. Plant and Animal Genome conference, San Diego CA. Plant Reproductive Genomics, Jan 14, 2018. Invited speaker
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