MULTI-INSTITUTIONAL STUDENT EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING WITH OUTREACH TRAINING ON WATER, CLIMATE, FOOD SECURITY, AND SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE

• Sponsoring Institution: National Institute of Food and Agriculture
• Project Status: COMPLETE
• Funding Source: OTHER GRANTS
• Reporting Frequency: Annual
• Accession No.: 1012061
• Grant No.: 2017-38821-26439
• Cumulative Award Amt.: $597,465.00
• Proposal No.: 2016-06642
• Project Start Date: May 1, 2017
• Project End Date: Apr 30, 2022
• Grant Year: 2017
• Program Code: [EP]- Teaching Project

Recipient Organization
DELAWARE STATE UNIVERSITY
1200 NORTH DUPONT HIGHWAY
DOVER,DE 19901

Performing Department
Agriculture & Natural Resource

Non Technical Summary
The proposed program is an integrated multi-institutional teaching and extension project with the primary program code forteaching (EP). The need areas addressed by this program are STEM education, preparation of diverse, well-qualified workforceand prepare students with leadership skills and knowledge for agricultural related careers. This program also focuses onextension program development support systems and extension delivery and methodology. Program priority areas include waterquality, global climate change, food safety, global food security, agricultural biosecurity, sustainable agriculture, and youthdevelopment.Our primary goal is to prepare future workforce on national and global climate change issues and enhance theirknowledge, social, intellectual, and leadership skills so they can be better prepared and adapt changes. Undergraduatestudents, precollege students, and youth in agriculture and natural resources disciplines will be better prepare as a futureworkforce through environmental and climate change formal education coupled with experiential learning opportunities. Programgoal will be achieved by the following objectives:(a) Curricula Design and Materials Development with enhanced laboratory and hands-on activities, including SWAT modeland geospatial technology training for studying impacts of climate change.(b) Student Experiential Learning through summer internships, workshops, and international climate change field class.(c) Precollege Students and Youth Development in STEM Disciplines by providing internships to high school students andcamps for youth to improve their knowledge, social, and intellectual skills.(d) Climate Change Teachers' Workshops to the local middle and high school teachers. Teachers will have hands-on heavy training opportunities including greenhouse gases, CO2 emission, carbon-cycle, hydrological cycle, sea level rise, public health...etc.

Animal Health Component

(N/A)

Research Effort Categories

Basic

(N/A)

Applied

(N/A)

Developmental

(N/A)

Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)	Subject of Investigation (SOI)	Field of Science (FOS)	Percent
903	0199	1070	100%

Knowledge Area
903 - Communication, Education, and Information Delivery;

Subject Of Investigation
0199 - Soil and land, general;

Field Of Science
1070 - Ecology;

Keywords

climate change

experiential learning

stem education

curricula design

leadership skills

Goals / Objectives
The overall goal of this integrated teaching and extension project is to prepare the future workforce on national andglobal climate change issues and enhance their knowledge so they can be better prepared and adapt changes. It isalso our goal to strengthen emerging instruction on climate science and its impacts via various learning modules. An integratedapproach will be helpful to address this issue as the project provides hands-on activities for participants to better interpretclimate change issues and engage them with research based communication tools on how climate change affects water quality,environmental health, food security, and sustainable agriculture. The main objectives of this proposal will be achieved throughcase studies, field experiences, interactive classroom tools, and international experience with significant numbers ofunderrepresented minority students. The first objective of this multi-institutional project is to design curricula andinstructional materials with enhanced laboratory and hands-on activities that will enhance student learning and theirmotivation. This will help increase the quantity and quality of educational opportunities for minority undergraduates, betterprepare them as a future workforce through formal and informal education, and help establish a network of confidentprofessionals to approach traditional barriers with productive solutions. The second objective is to provide experientiallearning opportunities to students by training them on water quality and soil health assessment techniques, research basedfield trips to local and regional wetlands and estuaries to explore environmental health along with international field class to have a global perspective on climate change driven environmental issues. The third objective includes providing hands-oninteractive training to precollege students and youth in STEM disciplines via high school internships and summercamps Undergraduate and high school interns trained through experiential learning will assist as mentors during a 1-weeksummer camp for middle school students (youth); this will improve the leadership skills of precollege students while preparinghigh school and middle school students in STEM disciplines. The fourth objective is to provide climate change workshopsfor middle and high school teachers from science/agriculture and biotechnology areas. Participants will be introduced tovarious teaching tools and will explore ways to better communicate climate change related issues with the students. This willalso help participants to develop professionally. The project concentrates on STEM education and leadership skills developmentwith the primary need area of 'Student Experiential Learning' in the 'Teaching category' along with Curricula Design andMaterials Development, Faculty Preparation and Enhancement for Education, Instructional Delivery Systems, ScientificInstrumentation for Education and Student Recruitment and Retention Precollege Activities. For the 'Extension category' thisproposal focuses on 'Extension Delivery/Methodology' through summer camps, community based programs, and increasingoutreach training of summer interns. This integrated proposal includes the delivery of instruction and extension in the CapacityGrant's (CBG) 5 Program Priority Areas: (1) Global Climate Change, including Environmental Science (2) Water Quality, (3)Sustainable Agriculture, (4) Food Security, and (5) Youth Development.Delaware State University (DSU) will lead a consortium of minority serving institutions around the Chesapeake Bay region:Virginia State University (VSU), Morgan State University (MSU), and other non-funded collaborating institutions Coppin StateUniversity (CSU), Delaware Technical and Community College, and Wesley College to establish a Delmarva Partnership forEnhanced Student Experiential Learning and Outreach for Climate Sciences Education. This regional partnership willprovide integrated, cohesive and innovative education with research capabilities to minority students on climate change drivenwater quality, food security and sustainable agriculture issues. This is essential for our nation's food security and environmentalsustainability.

Project Methods
Descriptions of procedures for accomplishing project objectives through clear and logical methods are discussed in the following section:1. Curricula Design and Materials Development: To increase the climate literacy for a large population of undergraduatestudents across the partner institutions, we propose to offer general climate education to the students from science and nonsciencedisciplines. We will adapt, modify, and integrate the climate change education modules that were developed by theAmerican Meteorological Society (AMS), Weatherbug dataset on Chesapeake Bay, SimCLIM software, climate changesimulation and SWAT models.In order to reinforce instruction of existing and newly-developed courses "Climatology", "Climate Change and AdaptationResponse Science", "Ecology", and "Earth and Space Sciences" courses in DSU, VSU, MSU and also CSU, respectively, wewill develop strong laboratory and hands-on components for the courses.We will integrate climate education into the broader environmental/agricultural curriculum by adding three newly developedteaching modules developed by the project team previously: (1) Introduction to climate science; (2) Remote sensing andgeospatial technology application (i.e. SimCLIM); (3) Wetlands, water quality, coastal ecological response, renewable energy,and hurricane preparedness. Each of these modules will be 3-4 class periods, and includes both basic introduction of the topicsfor non-STEM majors, as well as in-depth knowledge for STEM majors. We propose to have three curriculum developmentmeetings to further refine the teaching modules by integrating the GLOBE materials and protocols, Global Seminar via videoconferencing and case studies. For each module, the initial goal is to define a single problem, such as "my carbon footprint" thatcan be studied by students of all disciplines. Each module to be developed in this project will include the following features: (a)Climate change related problems in Delmarva region with public policy implications such as sea level rise; (b)Introduction of in-depth knowledge of the climatic drivers, processes of those problems and potential solutions; (c) Real dataapplications from observatories using Weatherbug with place-based contex; (d) Engaging students to discuss stakeholders'concerns and their social and economic perspectives; and (e) Apply interactive learning through case study andvideoconferencing on climate change, ecology and environmental courses. Field trips include: visits to Prime HookNational Wildlife Refuge for beach and marsh restoration project, Bombay Hook National Wildlife Refuge to learn about wildlifehabitat, natural and crop lands, and St. Jones Delaware National Estuarine Research Reserve is a site for wetland restorationand marsh habitat.2. Student Experiential Learning: A cornerstone of this Enhanced Student Experiential Learning and Outreach forClimate Sciences Education is an interdisciplinary student research opportunity. Research experiences at early college stageswould significantly increase participation and retention of students in climate related disciplines.Sophomore and Junior STEM majors will be targeted for internships with primary target group being students in our colleges.Applicants will be required to submit their transcripts, research statements, and two letters of recommendation. A list of mentorsand projects will be provided to potential student candidates. A student list with their research interests will be circulated amongresearchers in USDA-ARS and home institutions. This process will match best candidates with their mentors and researchprojects.This 8-week summer research experience for undergraduates program will start with a one-day kickoff meeting at DSU. Thegoal of the kickoff meeting is to present project objectives and review highlights of relevant materials. This program will beconducted primarily at each host institution under faculty mentors. Mentors will help students formulate specific researchquestions and testable hypotheses, as well as demonstrate the technical skills to use the required equipment. Students willparticipate in a series of orientation events in the first week of their summer research program, and consult with their mentors, todevelop a specific research question and experimental approach. The following seven weeks will be dedicated to the field classin Belize for two weeks and the independent research project, with hypothesis testing and data collection. All interns will mentorand assist with training middle school students during a one-week summer camp. In the last week of the program, interns willconcentrate on analysis of the research results and prepare their presentations for DSU Undergraduate Summer ResearchSymposium. Furthermore, student participants are encouraged to prepare a report and a white paper for potential publicationand/or scientific presentation at professional meetings.During the last two weeks of June in years 1, 2 and 3, field study course at CELA, Belize will be conducted to study and exploretropical environments with a focus on urban, rainforest ecology and woodland ecosystems using satellite imagery, Google Earth,collection of GPS points, and mapping by Arc Map. We will have a group of eight undergraduate interns participating in the fieldcourse. During student training, a 2 day workshop will be conducted for faculty joining students during 5-day field training inBelize.3. Precollege Students and Youth Development in STEM Disciplines: We will offer a 5-day Summer Camp Program to 16middle school students with two half-days in class lectures and hands-on activities followed by visits to the educational centersduring five-day camp under two major themes:1) Climate Change and Environmental Health include: visits to Cape Henlopen State Park to examine dune development,shoreline erosion, sediment transport and deposition, DNREC Aquatic Resources Education Center for wetland modeling, andAbbot's Mill Nature Center to learn about wetlands water quality and biota.2) Agriculture & Food Security include: visits to DSU-SORC and Hickory Hill Farms, Aquaculture Research andDemonstration Facility to learn about sustainable agricultural practices and food security, and Fifer Farm to learn about localorganic produce and marketing.We will conduct a poster competition to engage youth and enhance their understanding of Earth and Agriculture on varioustopics including my carbon footprint, water quality, organic soil, erosion, hurricanes, glacial melting...etc.4. Teachers Workshops: A one week climate workshop will be offered in DSU and VSU to middle and high school teachers during the spring break focusing on basic climate change science, sustainability, food security, and environmental health. Teachers will engage invarious hands-on activities including training on GIS, rain gauge data, water quality, benthic sampling, and others offered in thecenter. Drought resistant crops, soil, water quality, and invasive plants issues will be discussed during students' visits to theUSDA-ARS Lab. One day workshop at NOAA-CBO Outreach Program will include coastal issues and hurricane relateddamages and adaptation. Workshop participants will learn about the bays and examine the connection between land use and water quality. We will invite undergraduate interns to share their experiences in our teachers' workshops except for the first year because first cohort of interns will be involved in experiential learning several months after the 1st Teachers' Climate Change Workshop. Uponcompletion of these workshops, teachers will receive a CD containing all workshop materials, including tutorials for lab activities,and student projects. Based on what was offered at the workshops, participants will outline an instructional plan to describe howthey will revise their curriculum and incorporate workshop contents into their teaching.

Progress 05/01/17 to 04/30/22

Outputs
Target Audience:Total of 27 undergraduate students and 4 graduate students were funded for their summer research internships in this program in 2018, 2019 and 2021. Funding provided opportunities to 21 undergraduate and 3 graduate students to participate during the Student Experiential Program in Belize for 2 weeks each year in 2018 and 2019. Undergraduate students participated in Student Experiential Learning Program in Belize involved in research projects in Belize collecting various environmental data monitoring water quality, atmospheric CO2 and collecting soil samples. Those students were provided additional 7 weeks undergraduate research opportunities to continue their training during mid-June through end of July. All students including graduate students who presented their research as poster presentation during the Delaware State University, Summer Undergraduate Research Symposium. Total of 10 students received various presentation awards during the symposium. Two additional students have been involved during 2020-2021 to involve in research projects in hybrid setting. Total of 25 high school students participated during the summer research program and funded for their participation for 1-month internship in 2018, 2019 and 2021. Those students were exposed to various research experiences in different laboratories in the College of Agriculture, Science and Technology. Those high school students also participated during the Delaware State University, Summer Undergraduate Research Symposium and presented their posters. Several students in this program were later competed at the New Castle County Science Fair in 2018 for an award. One additional high school student is hired early 2021 to involve in research primarily in virtual setting-organizing data, analyzing the results, and assisting with the background information and report write up. Total of 74 youth participated in our summer STEM youth camps offered in 2018 and 2021. We offered Summer STEM Youth Camp in 2018 over 50 youth between the ages of 7 -14 in 2018. During 3-day camp, youth learned about the sustainable agriculture and farming practices, Delaware coastal resources, aquatic life, importance of water quality, conservation and restoration practices of natural resources and healthy living choices. Camp included hands-on learning exercises, field trips, invited lectures and learning by playing type of activities. Youth had plenty outdoor and hands-on training opportunities during the camp. About half of the youth apparently had not visited Delaware coastline before until they participated in the summer camp. All youth activities were conducted by the lead institution, Delaware State University. One day Summer STEM Youth Camp was also offered to the youth between the ages of 7 to 13 on July 15 in 2021 and total of 22 youth participated in the camp. During this 1-day camp, youth learned various topics on environmental monitoring, fisheries, vegetable garden, sheep and goats and involved in hands on learning experiences for how to plant flowers and plants. There were many interactive games and learning experiences for the kids during this one day camp. Changes/Problems:Major change/obstacle we had during the project timeline was the campus shut down and restrictions due to COVID-19 global pandemic. Over 1.5 years timeline, many of the routine operations and field research, travel, even hands-on training were halted or affected. We conducted some of our internships as hybrid internships and did online Study Abroad training for students while were trying to receive approvals for travels. However, we successfully completed all the proposed tasks and activities and students, youth and teachers involved in this program were provided opportunities to help them with their academic and career plans and their curricular development. We had very productive program with participation of over 35 undergraduate interns, 25 high school interns, 6 graduate students and near 75 youth, 40 teachers and over 200 students with opportunities to learn and conduct research or obtained training from all participating institutions in the program: Delaware State University, Virginia State University, Morgan State University and Coppin State University. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?As provided in details in the previous sections, we provided Study Abroad Student Experiential Learning opportunities to total of 21 students Total of 28undergraduate students and 4 graduate students were funded for their summer research internships in this program2018, 2019, 2021, and 2022. Total of 25 high school students participated during the summer research program and funded for their participation for 1-month internship in 2018, 2019, 2021and 2022. Total of 74 youth participated in our summer STEM youth camps offered in 2018 and 2021. We offered Summer STEM Youth Camp in 2018 over 50 youth between the ages of 7 -14 in 2018. During 3-day camp, youth learned about the sustainable agriculture and farming practices, Delaware coastal resources, aquatic life, importance of water quality, conservation and restoration practices of natural resources and healthy living choices. Total of 3 Teachers' Workshops were provided to local high school and middle-school teachers. All workshops were conducted on Virginia State University Campus. First workshop was offered on April 3-4, 2018 to total of 12 teachers. This workshop included various monitoring activities including water quality monitoring, water sampling, collecting waypoints and GIS mapping, discussing climate change impacts on Virginia sea level rise and many other environmental contamination risks and sustainable agricultural practices. Second teachers' workshop was offered on July 20-21, 2018 to total of 15 teachers.Total of 38 teachers were reached out and provided training via three workshops offered during this program. Other outreach activities such as Coast Day, Blackbird Creek Festival, North Bowers Beach Big Tuesday Festival, Earth Day, Fishing Derby and few other on-campus activities allowed the program to reach out much bigger communities. Educational booths were set-up to provide training to youth and parents during those events. We anticipated reaching out over 300 youth and 200 adults during those events. All undergraduate interns presented their research during the Delaware State University, Summer Research Symposium, late July of each program year All undergraduate interns presented their research during the Delaware State University, Research Day by mid-April of each program year All high school interns presented their research during the Delaware State University, Summer Research Symposium, late July of each program year Total of 10 undergraduate interns and 12 graduate students had opportunities to participated at the Aquaculture America Meeting, San Diego, CA Feb 2022 & Atlantic Easturaine Research Society Virtual Meeting, spring 2022 How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?We published most of the research projects as peer reviewed journal articles including our students as co-authors or authors in the publications. Total of 10 research fact sheets weredeveloped for all graduate students' research areas. Total of 3 fact sheets were developed for high school students' research areas. The total of 2 educational links, 2 outreach links and 2 additional technical papers are prepared and shared with the community. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? This multi-institutional integrated project funded by USDA NIFA CBG Grant Program including Delaware State University, Virginia State University, Morgan State University, Coppin State University, and the Center for Engaged Learning Abroad in Belize directed by Dr. Ozbay on "Multi-Institutional Student Experiential Learning with Outreach Training on Water, Climate, Food Security, and Sustainable Agriculture" have the following accomplishments for the four objectives: Objective 1:Total of 28undergraduate students and 4 graduate students were funded for their summer research internships in this program in 2018, 2019 and 2021. Funding provided opportunities to 21 undergraduate and 3 graduate students to participate during the Student Experiential Program in Belize for 2 weeks each year in 2018 and 2019. Undergraduate students participated in Student Experiential Learning Program in Belize involved in research projects in Belize collecting various environmental data monitoring water quality, atmospheric CO2 and collecting soil samples. Those students were provided additional 7 weeks undergraduate research opportunities to continue their training during mid-June through end of July. All students including graduate students who presented their research as poster presentation during the Delaware State University, Summer Undergraduate Research Symposium. Objective 2:Total of 25 high school students participated during the summer research program and funded for their participation for 1-month internship in 2018, 2019 and 2021. Those students were exposed to various research experiences in different laboratories in the College of Agriculture, Science and Technology. Those high school students also participated during the Delaware State University, Summer Undergraduate Research Symposium and presented their posters. Several students in this program were later competed at the New Castle County Science Fair in 2018 for an award. One additional high school student is hired early 2021 to involve in research primarily in virtual setting-organizing data, analyzing the results, and assisting with the background information and report write up. Objective 3:Total of 3 Teachers' Workshops were provided to local high school and middle-school teachers. All workshops were conducted on Virginia State University Campus. First workshop was offered on April 3-4, 2018 to total of 12 teachers. This workshop included various monitoring activities including water quality monitoring, water sampling, collecting waypoints and GIS mapping, discussing climate change impacts on Virginia sea level rise and many other environmental contamination risks and sustainable agricultural practices. Second teachers' workshop was offered on July 20-21, 2018 to total of 15 teachers. This workshop focused primarily on climate change adaptation and application of GIS technology for data display and results dissemination. Third teachers' workshop was offered on April 4-5, 2019 to total of 11 teachers. Laboratory manual prepared in DSU was disseminated and followed to train the middle and high school teachers on various climate change related contents and helped teachers to prepare their own lesson plans. Teachers' were provided detail training on GIS application for climate change related data dissemination and how to adapt this technology for in-class learning and enhance students' learning. Total of 38 teachers were reached out and provided training via three workshops offered during this program. Objective 4:One major outcome was for DSU to prepare a lab manual that can be readily adaptable by the college instructors and middle and high school teachers. Following courses are improved with various hands-on activities and field opportunities: At Delaware State University - Climatology (NTRS 30-303-01), Introduction to Environmental Science (NTRS 30-103-01), and the new course Environmental Toxicology (. At Virginia State University - Climate Change and Adaptation Science (AGRI 350), Contemporary Global Studies (AGRI 295) & Introduction to Remote Sensing (AGRI 290). At Morgan State University - Introduction to Environmental Science (BIOL 203) & Marine Science (BIOL 603).

Publications

• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Conference Presentations Students Received Awards 1) Third Place Award in Student Oral Presentation Teat M  Teat, Andrade E, Attarwala T, Bland A, Maina J, Nakazwe M, Ramos J, Tumushimiyimana D, Ozbay G. 2022. Eastern Oysters Spawning and Impact on Recruitment, Water Quality and Species Diversity in Rehoboth Bay, Delaware. Tenth Biennial NOAA EPP/MSI Education and Science Forum. Florida A&M University, Alfred Lawson Jr, Multipurpose Center and Teaching Gymnasium, Tallahassee, FL, April 6-8, 2022. Oral Presentation. 2) First Place Award in Undergraduate Student Oral Presentation Metz K - Metz K, Gadde M, Nakazwe M, Maina J, Bland A, Ozbay G. 2022. Comparison of Nutrients in Rehoboth Bay, Delaware Before, During and After Covid-19 Pandemic. Professional Agricultural Workers Virtual Conference. December 6-8, 2022. Oral Presentation. 3) Travel/Registration Award Gadde M  Gadde, M., M., Nakazwe, Bland, A., Kalavacharla V. and Ozbay G. 2021. Assessment of Nutrient Loads and Their Impacts on Oyster Aquaculture. 113th Annual Meeting, National Shellfisheries Association. Remotely, March 21-25, 2021. 4) Mission Pitch A Motion Research Competition Second Place Award  Metz K, Maina J, Knight K, McKinley K, Teat M. 2022. In what ways does oyster aquaculture and restorative oyster reef action improve water quality? UIDP National Competition Among HBCUs & MSIs. Oral Presentation by the Team of DSU Interns and Graduate Students. 5) First Place Award in High School Interns Oral Presentation Arora B. Bhini Arora et al. 2021. Investigation of environmental parameters, total bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, Vibrio spp., and E. coli in oysters and seawater collected from Slaughter Beach, Delaware. 2021 Delaware State University Summer Research Symposium, August 6, 2021. Oral Presentation. Advisor: Dr. G. Ozbay 5) First Place Award in High School Interns Oral Presentation Guo G - Gary Guo et al. 2021. Identification of Toxoplasma gondii in Katahdin Lambs on Hickory Hill Farm. Oral Presentation. Advisor: Dr. K. Matthews 6) Second Place Award in High School Interns Oral Presentation Ozbay OD - Odell D. Ozbay et al. 2021. Detection of Toxoplasma gondii in Meat Goats at Hickory Hill Farm. Oral Presentation. Advisor: Dr. K. Matthews 7) Third Place Award in High School Interns Oral Presentation Berzinji S. - Sara Berzinji et al. 2021. Investigating Oyster Health Status by Studying Oyster Condition Index and Natural Oyster Sets in Rehoboth Bay, Delaware. Oral Presentation. Advisor: Dr. G. Ozbay
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Delaware State University Summer Research Symposium, Dover, DE  July 28, 2021 cont. 15-Agnes Besong et al. 2021. Bacteria Isolation in Fresh-Cut Products. Oral Presentation. Advisor: Dr. J. Lee 16-Eric Lee et al. 2021. Characterization of Two Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteriophages. Oral Presentation. Advisor: Dr. J. Lee 17-Taylor Watson et al. 2021. Investigation of Salmonella in Chicken Samples Using PCR Assay. Oral Presentation. Advisor: Dr. J. Lee 18-Gary Guo et al. 2021. Identification of Toxoplasma gondii in Katahdin Lambs on Hickory Hill Farm. Oral Presentation. Advisor: Dr. K. Matthews 19-Odell D. Ozbay et al. 2021. Detection of Toxoplasma gondii in Meat Goats at Hickory Hill Farm. Oral Presentation. Advisor: Dr. K. Matthews 20-Bryson McKenzie et al. 2021. Evaluation of Strawberry Germplasm for Gray Mold Fugal Resistance. Oral Presentation. Advisor: Dr. K. Melmaiee 21-Morgan Kling et al. 2021. Screening of Blueberry Varieties for pH Variation. Oral Presentation. Advisor: Dr. K. Melmaiee 22-Amin Boukari et al. 2021. Aragonite Saturation as an Indicator for Oyster Habitat Health in Delaware Inland Bays. Oral Presentation. Advisor: Dr. G. Ozbay 23-Sara Berzinji et al. 2021. Investigating Oyster Health Status by Studying Oyster Condition Index and Natural Oyster Sets in Rehoboth Bay, Delaware. Oral Presentation. Advisor: Dr. G. Ozbay 24-Bhini Arora et al. 2021. Determining the Relationship Between Environmental Factors (Temperature, Turbidity, and Salinity) and Total Vibrio in Water Samples from Slaughter Beach, Delaware. Oral Presentation. Advisor: Dr. G. Ozbay 25-Daivik Arora et al. 2021. Effect of Salinity and Dissolved Oxygen on Blue Crab (Callinectes sapidus) Size in Blackbird Creek, Delaware. Oral Presentation. Advisor: Dr. G. Ozbay 26-Jannah Zerrad et al. 2021. Identifying the Eastern Oyster Growing Season in Rehoboth Bay, Delaware. Oral Presentation. Advisor: Dr. G. Ozbay 27-Marcus Teat et al. 2021. Artificial Oyster Reefs and Oyster Farms Impact on Recruitment, Species Diversity, and Water Quality in Rehoboth Bay, Delaware. Oral Presentation. Advisor: Dr. G. Ozbay 28-Devotha Tumushimiyimana et al. 2021. Investigating Environmental Parameters, Total Bacteria and Vibrio spp. in Slaughter Beach, Delaware. Oral Presentation. Advisor: Dr. G. Ozbay 29-Latia Jackson et al. 2021. Land Cover Classifications of the Appomattox River Surroundings by Using ENVI 5.6 Software. Oral Presentation. Advisors: Drs. S. Sriharan, G. Ozbay
• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Following students conducted independent research activities (Experiential Learning, Special Problems, and Research Problems) 1. Jaelynn Combs. December 17, 2021. A Dive into Aquaponics: Comparing Growth Rates between Artificial versus Natural Light. 2. Monalisa Seaton. December 17, 2021. Climate Change is on the rise: Jamaicas Agricultural Sector is at Stake. 3. Kevin Knight. Spring 2022. Examining Differences in Water Quality and how it Affects Oyster Growth in Rehoboth Bay, DE. 4. Marcus Teat. December 10, 2021. Eastern Oysters Spawning and Impact on Recruitment, Water Quality, and Species Diversity in Rehoboth Bay, Delaware. 5. Tahera Attarwala. December 10, 2021. Aragonite Saturation as An Indicator for Oyster Habitat Health in Delaware Inland Bays. 6. Juan Ramos. December 10, 2021. Investigating The Relationships Between Physical, Chemical, and Biological Water Quality Parameters in Rehoboth Bay, Delaware. 7. Emily Andrade. December 10, 2021. Investigating the Relationships Between Physical Water Quality Parameters and Chlorophyll-a In Rehoboth Bay, Delaware. 8. Cassandra Miller. December 10, 2021. A Weather Station Comparison of Climatic Data at, Great Dismal Swamp, North Carolina-Virginia. 9. Donovan Griffith. Fall 2021. The Giant Sequoias and Dawn Redwoods. 10. Cassandra Miller. May 6, 2022. Microplastic Formation and Their Interactions with Microflora. 11. Malia B. Smith. December 15, 2021. Mercury Poisoning in Minamata, Japan. 12. Cassandra Miller. December 15, 2021. PFAS Contamination in Michigan Wells and Waterways, 13. DaQuaye Wells. December 15, 2021. Largest Spill of Coal Ash at Kingston Fossil Plant. 14. Erin Velott. December 15, 2021. The Chernobyl Disaster and the Resulting Effects of Radiation Exposure. 15. Jared Hess. February 14, 2022. The Dupont Teflon Case. 16. Kevin Knight. Spring 2022. Examining Differences in Water Quality and how it Affects Oyster Growth in Rehoboth Bay, DE. 17. Jackie Maina. Spring 2022. Blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) research focusing on feeding pattern in Blackbird Creek, Delaware. 18. Devotha Tumushimiyimana. Fall 2021. Chemical and Microbiological Water Quality Monitoring of Seawater and Microbial Concentrations in Eastern Oysters (Crassostrea virginica) in Slaughter Beach, Delaware. 19. DaQuaye Wells. December 17, 2021. Ambient Air Quality Conditions: Monitoring Atmospheric CO2 in Delaware, Maryland and Washington D.C.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Ozbay G, Babu B, Peatman E and Kouhanestani ZM. 2022. Prescreening veterinary drug residues, heavy metal concentration, and genetic authentication in retail catfish fillets in the Northeast United States. Food Control 135(1-2):108792. DOI:10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108792
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Ozbay G, Jones M, Gadde M, Isah S., Attarwala, T. 2021. Design and Operation of Effective Landfills with Minimal Effects on the Environmental and Human Health. WILEY Hindawi Journal of Environmental and Public Health. Volume 2021 |Article ID 6921607 | https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6921607
• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Fuoco M, Borsum S, Kouhanestani ZM, Ozbay G. 2021. Benthic Community Assessment of Commercial Oyster (Crassostrea virginica) Gear in Delaware Inland Bays. MDPI Sustainability Journal 2021, 13, 6480. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13116480
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Ozbay G, Khatiwada R, Smith S, Chintapenta LK. 2021. Efficacy of Heavy Use Area Protection Pads (HUAP) in Poultry Farm. MDPI Agricultural Systems and Management Journal in Special Issue: Resource Conserving Agricultural Practices for Ecological Sustainability. Agriculture 11(2):154; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11020154
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Rosales D, Ellett A, Jacobs J, Ozbay G, Parveen S, Pitula J. 2022. Investigating the Relationship Between Nitrate, TDN, and Phosphate with Abundance of Pathogenic Vibrio and HABs in Rehoboth Bay, Delaware. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 2022 American Society for Microbiology p.1-14. 10.1128/aem.00356-22
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Candan F, Markushin Y, Ozbay G. 2022. Uptake and Distribution of Nanoparticles in Cicer arietinum L. by Infrared Spectroscopy and Machine Learning Techniques. MDPI Publisher, Plants 2022, 11, 1569. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11121569
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Parsaeimehr Ali, Ebirim RI, and Ozbay G. 2022. CRISPR-Cas Technology a New Era in Genomic Engineering. Biotechnology Reports Vol. 34. e00731. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.btre.2022.e00731
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Coyne K, Salvitti LR, Mangum AM, Ozbay G, Main C, Kouhanestani ZM, Warner ME. 2021. Interactive effects of light, CO2 and temperature on growth and resource partitioning by the mixotrophic dinoflagellate, Karlodinium veneficum. PLoS ONE 16(10): e0259161. https://doi.org/ 10.1371/journal.pone.0259161
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2022 Citation: Parsaeimehr A, Ozbay G. 2022. Enzymatic processing of algae for food applications. Current Opinion in Food Science. Accepted with revision.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2022 Citation: Parsaeimehr A, Ahmed II, Deumaga MLK, Hankoua B, Ozbay G. 2022. Enhancement in Phycobiliprotein Accumulation in Aphanothece sp. Using Different Carbon sources and Flashing frequency. Algal Research Journal. Accepted with revision.
• Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Memory Nakazwe - August 6, 2021. Comparing the Impact of Artificial Oyster Reefs and Oyster Farms on Wild Oyster Restoration, Aquatic Species Diversity, and Water Quality Enhancement in Rehoboth Bay, Delaware, USA. Delaware State University, Natural Resources Graduate Program, Dover, DE USA, Master of Science Thesis. pp.101.
• Type: Other Status: Submitted Year Published: 2022 Citation: Cassandra Miller - Microplastic Formation and Their Interactions with Microflora. Delaware State University, Natural Resources Graduate Program, Dover, DE USA. Non-thesis Master of Science Program Research Project.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Atlantic Estuarine Research Society Spring Virtual Meeting, March 17-18, 2022 1) Venello T, Gadde M, Nakazwe M, Bland A, Ozbay G. 2022. Analysis of Carbon and Nitrogen Isotopes to Assess Nutrient Loading in Rehoboth Bay and Its Potential Impacts on Oyster (Crassostrea virginica) Aquaculture. Atlantic Estuarine Research Society Spring Virtual Meeting, March 17-18, 2022. Oral Presentation. 2) Attarwala T, Boukari A, Nakazwe M, Gadde M, Maina J, Ozbay G. 2022. Aragonite Saturation as An Indicator for Oyster Habitat Health in Delaware Inland Bays. Atlantic Estuarine Research Society Spring Virtual Meeting, March 17-18, 2022. Oral Presentation. 3) Tumushimiyimana D, Ebirim R, Richards G, Long III W, Watson M, Ozbay G. 2022. Enterobacteriaceae, Vibrio spp., and E. coli in Oysters and Seawater from Slaughter Beach, Delaware. Atlantic Estuarine Research Society Spring Virtual Meeting, March 17-18, 2022. Atlantic Estuarine Research Society Spring Virtual Meeting, March 13-15, 2022. Poster Presentation. 4) Teat, Andrade E, Attarwala T, Bland A, Maina J, Nakazwe M, Ramos J, Tumushimiyimana D, Ozbay G. 2022. Eastern Oysters Spawning and Impact on Recruitment, Water Quality and Species Diversity in Rehoboth Bay, Delaware. Atlantic Estuarine Research Society Spring Virtual Meeting, March 17-18, 2022. Oral Presentation. 5) Maina J, Ozbay G. 2022. Comparing Stable Carbon and Nitrogen Isotopes to Examine Feeding Trends in Blue Crabs (Callinectes sapidus) Across Vegetation Zones in Blackbird Creek, Delaware. Atlantic Estuarine Research Society Spring Virtual Meeting, March 17-18, 2022. Oral Presentation. 6) Parsaeimehr A, Borsum S, Liu M, Ozbay G. 2022. Genetic variations among the Eastern Oysters within Delaware Inland Bays. Atlantic Estuarine Research Society Spring Virtual Meeting, March 17-18, 2022. Oral Presentation.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Delaware State University Summer Research Symposium, Dover, DE  July 28, 2021 1-Kendall Metz et al. 2021. Comparison of Nutrients in Rehoboth Bay, DE Before, During and After the Pandemic. Oral Presentation. Advisor: Dr. G. Ozbay 2-Kayla McKinley et al. 2021. Examining Water Quality and Blue Crabs (Callinectes sapidus) Gut Content in Blackbird Creek. Oral Presentation. Advisor: Dr. G. Ozbay 3-Kevin Knight et al. 2021. Examining Differences in Water Quality and how it Affects Oyster Growth in Rehoboth Bay, Delaware. Oral Presentation. Advisor: Dr. G. Ozbay 4-Kayla Sheppard et al. 2021. Analyzing the Total Level of Vibrio spp. in Seawater at Slaughter Beach, Delaware. Oral Presentation. Advisor: Dr. G. Ozbay 5-Krystal Williams et al. 2021. Differential Expression of Genes in Response to Drought Stress in Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Oral Presentation. Advisors: Drs. A. Todd, M. Subramani, G. Ozbay 6-Jenille JS Llorico et al. 2021. Demonstration of Land Cover Features around Farms and Surroundings of Appomattox River, Virginia. Oral Presentation. Advisors: Drs. S. Sriharan, G. Ozbay 7-Jarrell Hanes et al. 2021. Studies On The Water Quality Indicators and Mapping Its Locations In The Five River Basins Of Chesapeake Bay. Oral Presentation. Advisors: Drs. S. Sriharan, G. Ozbay 8-Ifti Ahmed et al. 2021. Screening the Growth of Cyanobacteria Aphanothece under Photoautotrophic and Photoheterotrophic Conditions. Oral Presentation. Advisor: Dr. A. Parsaiemehr 9-Ashley Stamper et al. 2021. Bioactive Properties of Prunus africana and Syzygium aromaticum Macerates and Extracts. Oral Presentation. Advisor: Dr. A. Aryee 10-Chelsea Wetherill et al. 2021. Simultaneous Determination of Pigments Content in Oils and Macerates. Oral Presentation. Advisor: Dr. A. Aryee 11-Dashawn Williams-Bey et al. 2021. Does Prolonged Storage of Plant Tissue have a Negative Effect on DNA Quality? Oral Presentation. Advisor: Dr. A. Todd 12-Vishal Thamaraikannan et al. 2021. Comparative Analysis of Chromatin Immunoprecipitation in Common Bean and Salt Marsh Grass. Oral Presentation. Advisors: Drs. M. Subramani, V. Ayyappan 13-Zach Alvarez et al. 2021. DNA extraction from Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) leaves. Oral Presentation. Advisors: Drs. A. Todd, M. Subramani 14-Nishtha Kumar et al. 2021. Changes in the Morphology and Nutrient Content of the Marsh Grass Collected from Different Saline Conditions. Oral Presentation. Dr. V. Ayyappan
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: 79th Virtual Professional Agricultural Workers Conference, Remotely, December 6-8, 2021 1) Maina J, Ozbay G. 2021. Comparing Stable Carbon and Nitrogen Isotopes to Examine Feeding Trends in Blue Crabs (Callinectes sapidus) Across Vegetation Zones in Blackbird Creek, Delaware. Professional Agricultural Workers Virtual Conference. December 6-8, 2022. Oral Presentation. 2) Attarwala T, Boukari A, Nakazwe M, Gadde M, Maina J, Ozbay G. 2021. Aragonite Saturation as An Indicator for Oyster Habitat Health in Delaware Inland Bays. Professional Agricultural Workers Virtual Conference. December 6-8, 2022. Oral Presentation. 3) Tumushimiyimana D, Ebirim R, Richards G, Long III W, Watson M, Ozbay G. 2021. Enterobacteriaceae, Vibrio spp., and E. coli in Oysters and Seawater from Slaughter Beach, Delaware. Professional Agricultural Workers Virtual Conference. December 6-8, 2022. Oral Presentation. 4) Teat, Andrade E, Attarwala T, Bland A, Maina J, Nakazwe M, Ramos J, Tumushimiyimana D, Ozbay G. 2021. Eastern Oysters Spawning and Impact on Recruitment, Water Quality and Species Diversity in Rehoboth Bay, Delaware. Professional Agricultural Workers Virtual Conference. December 6-8, 2022. Oral Presentation.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Aquaculture America Triennial Meeting, San Diego, CA. February 27-March 4, 2022 5) Teat, Andrade E, Attarwala T, Bland A, Maina J, Nakazwe M, Ramos J, Tumushimiyimana D, Ozbay G. 2022. Eastern Oysters Spawning and Impact on Recruitment, Water Quality and Species Diversity in Rehoboth Bay, Delaware. Aquaculture America Triennial Meeting, San Diego, CA. February 27-March 4, 2022. Oral Presentation. 6) Ozbay G, Gadde M, Nakazwe M, Bland A. 2022. Analysis of Carbon and Nitrogen Isotopes to Assess Nutrient Loading in Rehoboth Bay and Its Potential Impacts on Oyster (Crassostrea virginica) Aquaculture. Aquaculture America Triennial Meeting, San Diego, CA. February 27-March 4, 2022. Oral Presentation. 7) Ozbay G, Pappas AK, Coyne K. 2022. Winter Bloom Dynamics and Molecular Analysis of Benthic Sediments for HAB, Dinophysis acuminata, at Torquay Canal, Rehoboth Bay. Aquaculture America Triennial Meeting, San Diego, CA. February 27-March 4, 2022. Oral Presentation. 8) Maina J, Ozbay G. 2022. Comparing Stable Carbon and Nitrogen Isotopes to Examine Feeding Trends in Blue Crabs (Callinectes sapidus) Across Vegetation Zones in Blackbird Creek, Delaware. Aquaculture America Triennial Meeting, San Diego, CA. February 27-March 4, 2022. Oral Presentation. 9) Attarwala T, Boukari A, Nakazwe M, Gadde M, Maina J, Ozbay G. 2022. Aragonite Saturation as An Indicator for Oyster Habitat Health in Delaware Inland Bays. Aquaculture America Triennial Meeting, San Diego, CA. February 27-March 4, 2022. Oral Presentation. 10) Tumushimiyimana D, Ebirim R, Richards G, Long III W, Watson M, Ozbay G. 2022. Enterobacteriaceae, Vibrio spp., and E. coli in Oysters and Seawater from Slaughter Beach, Delaware. Aquaculture America Triennial Meeting, San Diego, CA. February 27-March 4, 2022. Poster Presentation.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: ARD Research Symposium, Marriott Marquis, Atlanta, GA. March 31-April 4, 2022 1) Venello TA, Bland A, Ozbay G. 2022. Continuous Water Quality Monitoring of Oyster Farms and Artificial Oyster Reefs in Rehoboth Bay, Delaware. ARD Research Symposium, Marriott Marquis, Atlanta, GA. March 31-April 4, 2022. Oral Presentation. 2) Borsum S, Parsaeimehr A, Liu M, Ozbay G. 2022. Genetic variations among the Eastern Oysters within Delaware Inland Bays. ARD Research Symposium, Marriott Marquis, Atlanta, GA. March 31-April 4, 2022. Oral Presentation. 3) Metz K, Gadde M, Nakazwe M, Maina J, Bland A, Ozbay G. 2022. Comparison of Nutrients in Rehoboth Bay, Delaware Before, During and After Covid-19 Pandemic. ARD Research Symposium, Marriott Marquis, Atlanta, GA. March 31-April 4, 2022. Oral Presentation. 4) McKinley K, Maina J, Ozbay G. 2022. Examining Water Quality and Blue Crab Gut volume in Blackbird Creek, Delaware. ARD Research Symposium, Marriott Marquis, Atlanta, GA. March 31-April 4, 2022. Poster Presentation. 5) Attarwala T, Boukari A, Nakazwe M, Gadde M, Maina J, Ozbay G. 2022. Aragonite Saturation as An Indicator for Oyster Habitat Health in Delaware Inland Bays. ARD Research Symposium, Marriott Marquis, Atlanta, GA. March 31-April 4, 2022. Oral Presentation. 6) Maina J, Ozbay G. 2022. Comparing Stable Carbon and Nitrogen Isotopes to Examine Feeding Trends in Blue Crabs (Callinectes sapidus) Across Vegetation Zones in Blackbird Creek, Delaware. ARD Research Symposium, Marriott Marquis, Atlanta, GA. March 31-April 4, 2022. Oral Presentation. 7) Teat, Andrade E, Attarwala T, Bland A, Maina J, Nakazwe M, Ramos J, Tumushimiyimana D, Ozbay G. 2022. Eastern Oysters Spawning and Impact on Recruitment, Water Quality and Species Diversity in Rehoboth Bay, Delaware. ARD Research Symposium, Marriott Marquis, Atlanta, GA. March 31-April 4, 2022. Oral Presentation. 8) Ozbay G, Gadde M, Nakazwe M, Bland A. 2022. Analysis of Carbon and Nitrogen Isotopes to Assess Nutrient Loading in Rehoboth Bay, Delaware and Its Potential Impacts on Oyster (Crassostrea virginica) Aquaculture. ARD Research Symposium, Marriott Marquis, Atlanta, GA. March 31-April 4, 2022. Oral Presentation. 9) Ozbay G, Parsaiemehr A, Tumushimiyimana D, Ebirim R. 2022. Partnering for Community-Requested Environmental Health & Microbial Monitoring in Delaware. Food Safety Special Session. ARD Research Symposium, Marriott Marquis, Atlanta, GA. March 31-April 4, 2022. Oral Presentation. 10) Tumushimiyimana D, Ebirim R, Richards G, Long III W, Watson M, Ozbay G. 2022. Enterobacteriaceae, Vibrio spp., and E. coli in Oysters and Seawater from Slaughter Beach, Delaware. ARD Research Symposium, Marriott Marquis, Atlanta, GA. March 31-April 4, 2022. Poster Presentation. 11) Andrade E, Allison R, Bland A, Gadde M, Nakazwe M, Ozbay G. 2022. Investigating the Relationships Between Physical Water Quality Parameters ans Chlorophyll-a In Rehoboth Bay, Delaware. ARD Research Symposium, Marriott Marquis, Atlanta, GA. March 31-April 4, 2022. Poster Presentation. 12) Ramos J, Allison R, Gadde M, Nakazwe M, Ozbay G. Investigating The Relationships Between Physical, Chemical, and Biological Water Quality Parameters in Rehoboth Bay, Delaware. ARD Research Symposium, Marriott Marquis, Atlanta, GA. March 31-April 4, 2022. Poster Presentation. 13) Todd A et al. Identification of Effects of Salinity Uptake and Salt Stress in Salt Marsh Grass (Sporobolus alterniflorus) Along Delaware Coastal Regions. ARD Research Symposium, Marriott Marquis, Atlanta, GA. March 31-April 4, 2022. Oral Presentation.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Other Meetings and Conference cont. 13-Ozbay, G. 2022. Water Quality and Watershed Management in a Changing Climate. Climate Smart Capacity Building Workshop with Antigua and Barbuda Extension & Research Scientists. March 21-30, 2022. Virtual Workshop. 14-Ozbay G. 2021. Climate Change Workshop Virtual: Creating a Stable System of Agriculture to Feed the Worlds People. VSU-DSU-Guyanna University Partnership. November 15, 2021 15-Ozbay G. 2021. Human Population and Climate Virtual: Measuring Growth and Its Impact. November 15, 2021. 16-Ozbay, G. 2021. VSU Global Seminar Class: Climate Change Case Studies. November 12, 2021. Virtual Invited Lecture. 17-Teat M, Bland A, Maina J, Nakazwe M, Venello T, Ph.D., Ozbay G, Ph.D. (2021). Eastern Oysters Spawning and Impact on Recruitment, Water Quality, and Species Diversity in Rehoboth Bay, Delaware. 2021 NOAA LMRCSC Graduate Seminar Series. Invited Virtual Oral Presenter. 18-DevothaTumushimiyimana et al. 2021. Investigation of environmental parameters, total bacteria, enterobacteriaceae, vibrio spp., and e. Coli in oysters and seawater collected from Slaughter Beach, Delaware. 2021 NIFA summer Research internship, July 30, 2021. Invited Oral Presenter. 19-Teat M*, Bland A, Maina J, Nakazwe M, Venello T, Ph.D., Ozbay G, Ph.D. (2021). Eastern Oysters Spawning and Impact on Recruitment, Water Quality, and Species Diversity in Rehoboth Bay, Delaware. 2021 NOAA LMRCSC Graduate Seminar Series. Invited Virtual Oral Presenter. 20-Marcus Teat. 2021. Volunteer at YMCA meetings, teaching high school students the importance of water quality testing and sharing my experiences as a graduate student. Central YMCA, Wilmington, Delaware. October 2021 to present day. 21-Emily Andrade, Marcus Teat, Jameya Scott-Lester. 2022. Why I Choose My Major? And How Research Motivates Me for My Future Career Plan? Delaware State University. University Research Day, Dover, DE April 13, 2022. Invited Panel Speakers.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Tenth Biennial NOAA EPP/MSI Education and Science Forum. Florida A&M University, Alfred Lawson Jr, Multipurpose Center and Teaching Gymnasium, Tallahassee, FL, April 6-8, 2022 1) Metz K, Gadde M, Nakazwe M, Maina J, Bland A, Ozbay G. 2022. Comparison of Nutrients in Rehoboth Bay, Delaware Before, During and After Covid-19 Pandemic. Tenth Biennial NOAA EPP/MSI Education and Science Forum. Florida A&M University, Alfred Lawson Jr, Multipurpose Center and Teaching Gymnasium, Tallahassee, FL, April 6-8, 2022. Oral Presentation. 2) McKinley K, Maina J, Ozbay G. 2022. Examining Water Quality and Blue Crab Gut volume in Blackbird Creek, Delaware. Tenth Biennial NOAA EPP/MSI Education and Science Forum. Florida A&M University, Alfred Lawson Jr, Multipurpose Center and Teaching Gymnasium, Tallahassee, FL, April 6-8, 2022. Poster Presentation. 3) Teat, Andrade E, Attarwala T, Bland A, Maina J, Nakazwe M, Ramos J, Tumushimiyimana D, Ozbay G. 2022. Eastern Oysters Spawning and Impact on Recruitment, Water Quality and Species Diversity in Rehoboth Bay, Delaware. Tenth Biennial NOAA EPP/MSI Education and Science Forum. Florida A&M University, Alfred Lawson Jr, Multipurpose Center and Teaching Gymnasium, Tallahassee, FL, April 6-8, 2022. Oral Presentation. 4) Attarwala T, Boukari A, Nakazwe M, Gadde M, Maina J, Ozbay G. 2022. Aragonite Saturation as An Indicator for Oyster Habitat Health in Delaware Inland Bays. Tenth Biennial NOAA EPP/MSI Education and Science Forum. Florida A&M University, Alfred Lawson Jr, Multipurpose Center and Teaching Gymnasium, Tallahassee, FL, April 6-8, 2022. Oral Presentation. 5) Andrade E, Allison R, Bland A, Gadde M, Nakazwe M, Ozbay G. 2022. Investigating the Relationships Between Physical Water Quality Parameters and Chlorophyll-a In Rehoboth Bay, Delaware. Tenth Biennial NOAA EPP/MSI Education and Science Forum. Florida A&M University, Alfred Lawson Jr, Multipurpose Center and Teaching Gymnasium, Tallahassee, FL, April 6-8, 2022. Poster Presentation. 6) Ramos J, Allison R, Gadde M, Nakazwe M, Ozbay G. Investigating The Relationships Between Physical, Chemical, and Biological Water Quality Parameters in Rehoboth Bay, Delaware. Tenth Biennial NOAA EPP/MSI Education and Science Forum. Florida A&M University, Alfred Lawson Jr, Multipurpose Center and Teaching Gymnasium, Tallahassee, FL, April 6-8, 2022. Poster Presentation.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Delaware State University, Virtual Research Day, Dover, DE. April 13, 2022 1) Miller C, Parsaeimehr A, Ozbay G. 2022. Microplastic Formation and Their Interactions with Microflora. Delaware State University, Virtual Research Day, Dover, DE. April 13, 2022. Oral Presentation. 2) Ahmed I, Ozbay G, Rana M. 2022. Moisture Content Measurement Sensor in Soil. Delaware State University, Virtual Research Day, Dover, DE. April 13, 2022. Oral Presentation. 3) Riggi Z, Ozbay G. 2022. Horseshoe Crab Surveys in Local Beaches in Rehoboth Bay, Delaware. Delaware State University, Virtual Research Day, Dover, DE. April 13, 2022. Oral Presentation. 4) Knight K, Ozbay G. 2022. Examining Differences in Water Quality and how it Affects Oyster Growth in Rehoboth Bay, DE. Delaware State University, Virtual Research Day, Dover, DE. April 13, 2022. Oral Presentation. 5) Williams K, Subramani M, Todd A, Ayyeppan V, Ozbay G. 2022. Differential Expression of Genes in Response to Drought Stress in Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Delaware State University, Virtual Research Day, Dover, DE. April 13, 2022. Oral Presentation. 6) Scott-Lester J, Markushin Y, Ozbay G. 2022. Spectroscopic Study of Gold Nanoparticles Distribution in Plants. Delaware State University, Virtual Research Day, Dover, DE. April 13, 2022. Oral Presentation. 7) Teat, Andrade E, Attarwala T, Bland A, Maina J, Nakazwe M, Ramos J, Tumushimiyimana D, Ozbay G. 2022. Teat, Andrade E, Attarwala T, Bland A, Maina J, Nakazwe M, Ramos J, Tumushimiyimana D, Ozbay G. 2022. Eastern Oysters Spawning and Impact on Recruitment, Water Quality, and Species Diversity in Rehoboth Bay, Delaware. Delaware State University, Virtual Research Day, Dover, DE. April 13, 2022. Oral Presentation. 8) Attarwala T, Boukari A, Nakazwe M, Gadde M, Maina J, Ozbay G. 2022. Aragonite Saturation as An Indicator for Oyster Habitat Health in Delaware Inland Bays. Delaware State University, Virtual Research Day, Dover, DE. April 13, 2022. Oral Presentation. 9) Maina J, Ozbay G. 2022. Comparing Stable Carbon and Nitrogen Isotopes to Examine Feeding Trends in Blue Crabs (Callinectes sapidus) Across Vegetation Zones in Blackbird Creek, Delaware. Delaware State University, Virtual Research Day, Dover, DE. April 13, 2022. Oral Presentation. 10) Tumushimiyimana D, Ebirim R, Richards G, Long III W, Watson M, Ozbay G. 2022. Enterobacteriaceae, Vibrio spp., and E. coli in Oysters and Seawater from Slaughter Beach, Delaware. Delaware State University, Virtual Research Day, Dover, DE. April 13, 2022. Poster Presentation. 11) Andrade E, Allison R, Bland A, Gadde M, Nakazwe M, Ozbay G. 2022. Investigating the Relationships Between Physical Water Quality Parameters and Chlorophyll-a In Rehoboth Bay, Delaware. Delaware State University, Virtual Research Day, Dover, DE. April 13, 2022. Poster Presentation. 12) Ramos J, Allison R, Gadde M, Nakazwe M, Ozbay G. Investigating the Relationships Between Physical, Chemical, and Biological Water Quality Parameters in Rehoboth Bay, Delaware. Delaware State University, Virtual Research Day, Dover, DE. April 13, 2022. Poster Presentation. 13) McKinley K, Maina J, Ozbay G. 2022. Examining Water Quality and Blue Crab Gut Volume in Blackbird Creek, Delaware. Delaware State University, Virtual Research Day, Dover, DE. April 13, 2022. Oral Presentation. 14) Parsaiemehr A, Borsum S, Liu M, Ozbay G. 2022. Genetic variations among the Eastern Oysters within Delaware Inland Bays. Delaware State University, Virtual Research Day, Dover, DE. April 13, 2022. Oral Presentation.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Other Meetings and Conferences 1-Boukari A, Maina J, Nakazwe M, Ozbay G. 2021. Aragonite Saturation as an Indicator for Oyster Habitat Health in Delaware Inland Bays. Data Science Institute. Delaware Data Science Symposium, University of Delaware, Newark, DE. November 17, 2021. Oral Presentation. 2-Ozbay et al. Analysis of Carbon and Nitrogen Isotopes to Assess Nutrient Loading in Rehoboth Bay, DE and Its Potential Impacts on Oyster (Crassostrea virginica) Aquaculture. Delaware. A Workshop on Coastal Flooding Workshop, Newark Country Club, Newark, DE 19711, May 24 (Tuesday), 2022. Water Quality & Ecosystems Session Panel Speaker. 3-Ozbay G. 2022. UD-DSU Provost Symposium. Amplifying the Power of Partnerships Across Delaware through Engaged Scholarship. University Delaware, Clayton Hall, Newark, DE 19716, April 19, 2022. Merit and P&T Panel Speaker. 4-Medler T, Ozbay G. 2022. Breaking the Cycle of Generational Trauma. Delaware State University, Virtual Research Day, Dover, DE. April 13, 2022. Oral Presentation. 5-Ozbay G. 2022. Preparing yourself and your dossier strategically for your application for promotion and tenure: How to present yourself? Delaware State University, Center for Teaching and Learning, Promotion and Tenure Workshop, May 25, 2022. Invited Panel Presentation. 6-Ozbay G. 2022. Water & Climate. Climate Ready Farm Workshop. VSU-DSU-Guyana Partnership Virtual Workshop, March 30, 2022. Workshop Speaker & Trainer. 7-Ozbay G. 2022. National Teaching Workshop: Advice for Early Career Teachings. February 17, 2022. Virtual 4-5:30 pm. Panel Speaker. 8-Ozbay G. 2022. National Teaching Workshop: Sharing Effective Teaching Practices. February 15, 2022. Virtual 4-5:30 pm. Panel Speaker. 9-Ozbay G. 2022. National Teaching Workshop: Determining and Communicating Impact of Your Teaching Impacts & Effectiveness. February 7, 2022. Virtual 3-4:30 pm. Panel Speaker. 10-Ozbay G. 2022. Thesis & Dissertation Boot Camp. Delaware State University Graduate Studies, Adult Education and Extended Studies, Dover, DE 19901. January 17-21, 2022. Virtual Panel Speaker & Trainer. 11-Ozbay G. 2022. Honors Thesis Preparation Workshop: Thesis Presentation Virtual Workshop II. January 23, 2022. Workshop Trainer. 12-Ozbay G. 2021. Honors Thesis Preparation Workshop: Thesis Planning & Preparation Virtual Workshop I. November 18, 2021. Workshop Trainer.

Progress 05/01/20 to 04/30/21

Outputs
Target Audience:The project's large audiences included 7 undergraduate students as research interns, 49 for in-class hands-on research and training activities, 11 graduate students, and 1 high school intern in DSU, VSU, and MSU. Seven (6) teachers from Sussex High School, VA, and Smyrna High School, DE were communicated for their continued interest in enriching teaching of environmental science integrated with climate change topics in their science and agriculture classes. Total of 15 youth (middle and high school students) during their participation for the workshop called "Green Jobs." Due to Covid -19, we could not conduct our study abroad student experiential learning program activities in Belize. And because of Covid-19 lockdown, VSU, DSU, and MSU did not allow faculty members and students to be on campus during this reporting period. However, the project directors used innovative approaches conducting students' experiential learning and having students work on data collected from previous years and learn how to do literature review and prepare research papers. In each institution 2 or 3 undergraduate and graduate students have been able to conduct some research and involved in research-related efforts in the program. Most of students'training was conducted synchronously on-line while Dr. Ozbay was able to receive access to the labs and field monitoring with limited students in July. At Delaware State University (DSU), Undergraduate Student, Kendall Metz and Graduate Student, Jackie Maina have participated in research efforts. An undergraduate student is working on potential nutrient pollutants data collected before Covid-19 and during Covid-19 in one of the most visited recreational and economically and ecologically important bay, Rehoboth Bay. Jackie's research focuses on blue crabs (Calinectes sapidus) feeding habitats using carbon and nitrogen isotopes data at various sites with different marsh vegetations in the Blackbird Creek. Along with other graduate students (Mohana Gadde and Memory Nakazwe), three graduate students have been involved in mentoring of 5 undergraduate interns in PI, Ozbay Lab. A total of 16 abstracts were submitted by 4 graduate students, 1 research technician and 2 undergraduate students from DSU. 1 graduate student is recipient of the third-place best poster award during Delaware Wetlands Conference in 2020, Travel Award during AERS Conference in 2020, Registration Award for the Tuskegee Professional Agricultural Workers Conference in 2020, and Membership and Registration Award for the National Shellfisheries Association Meeting in 2021. At Virginia State University (VSU), two graduate students and an undergraduate student worked online during the reporting period. The students collected data on the chemical components of water quality in the river basins of the Appomattox, James, York, Rappahannock, Potomac, and Susquehanna, which empty into the Chesapeake Bay. The data was collected at various sites along these six Virginian river basins to examine the chemical and physical characteristics and health of the water. The concentrations of nitrogen, nitrates, total phosphorus, dissolved orthophosphate, and suspended sediment were measured and mapped. The research was conducted by the students on campus and Randolph Experimental Farm of VSU during early spring 2020 submitted as the abstracts to the conferences, Society of Wetland Scientists and EPA's Conference on Environmental Justice. These abstracts are listed in student presentations in Other Products. At Morgan State University (MSU), one graduate and one undergraduate student involved in research activities. A graduate student worked on investigating methods of DNA extraction and analysis for marine invertebrates along the US-North East Coast. Undergraduate student assisted the graduate student with sampling and laboratory analysis. Nikelene Mclean (graduate student) at MSU received the second best oral presentation award for her research on Investigating methods of DNA extraction and analysis for marine invertebrates along the US-North East Coast at the National Technical Association's 92nd Annual Conference in September of 2020. Due to Covid-19 pandemic lockdown, we could not provide in-person training and STEM education via camp activities to the youth. However, Dr. Ozbay provided training to the youth between the age group of 12 to 16 on water quality and environmental health as part of the Green Job Training focusing on "Enhancing Food Security in the Post Covid-19 Era" on July 16, 2020. Her training was on "Improving water quality on the farm and at home." One high school student was involved with the development of online environmental education materials that this project was led by the Aquatic Resources Education Center, DNREC. Due to Covid-19 pandemic, teachers' workshops could not be offered in person. However, both Dr. Sriharan and Dr. Ozbay have been providing online resources to the teachers and assisting the teachers with the materials and questions they have in regards to climate change and environmental issues. Dr. Sriharan is in close contact with the teachers who attended two teachers' workshops at VSU and she has been making the resources available to those teachers. Changes/Problems:Due to Covid-19 lockdown, we may have further modified and change our practices of training and mentoring students in the program. Potential changes include some of the students' training and professional activities as online training and some of the youth STEM-related camps being offered as a hybrid camp to the youth. Also, a limited number of students can be accommodated due to the Covid-19 related policies primarily pertaining to distancing, so a number of students trained are affected and will continue to be affected until we are back to our normal operations. Similar issues may be encountered with our middle and high school teachers' workshops. Our objective 1 focusing on student experiential learning during the summer and also. in Belize may be affected and further delayed until travel bans are removed for the university personnel and students are allowed to travel. Also, we expect to offer our courses synchronously on-line until our classrooms and facilities are set up to host our students safely and until our students are vaccinated. Some of our internship and students' training will continue in hybrid mode and some of the technical support will need to be provided to our students such as iPad or lab-top. We reached out to the program leader about some of these adjustments earlier for his approval. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Students Training At DSU, Undergraduate Student, Kendall Metz, and Graduate Student, Jackie Maina have participated in research efforts. Kendall is working on potential nutrient pollutants data collected before Covid-19 and during Covid-19 in one of the most visited recreational and economically and ecologically important bay, Rehoboth Bay. Jackie's research focuses on blue crabs (Calinectes sapidus) feeding habitats using carbon and nitrogen isotopes data at various sites with different marsh vegetations in the Blackbird Creek. Along with other graduate students (Mohana Gadde and Memory Nakazwe), three graduate students have been involved in mentoring of 5 undergraduate interns in PI, Ozbay Lab. Other two graduate students' research focuses on environmental assessments of various sites with and without oyster (Crassostrea virginica) restoration and oyster aquaculture activities, species diversity, and benthic community in relation to oyster activities. Three other undergraduate students funded by other NSF grants are involved in our research efforts in Rehoboth Bay. Undergraduate Student, Robert Allison's research is on investigating relationships between Total Suspended Solids, Turbidity and Chlorophyll-a water quality parameters collected in Rehoboth Bay, DE, and develop an algorithm to help with cutting down labor for Total Suspended Solids measurement in the lab. Undergraduate Student, Miranda Adcock's research focuses on mercury concentration in sediments collected at various study sites with and without oyster activities in Rehoboth Bay, DE. Fourth Undergraduate Student, Elisha Bunch's research focuses on investigating differences in overall water quality conditions at various sites with oyster aquaculture activities, oyster restoration, and other sites without oysters but with other water use activities in Rehoboth Bay, DE. Fifth Undergraduate Student, Marcus Teat completed his virtual internship during the summer of 2020 on Investigating Water Quality in Delaware Saltmarshes. All three graduate students have been involved in mentoring of five undergraduate students in PI, Ozbay's Lab. Research Technician, Aaron Bland has provided necessary assistance and guidance to all students and assisted Dr. Ozbay with the day-to-day students' research efforts. Aaron has been attending all field gears and has been using the water quality Sonde to monitor water quality in Rehoboth Bay, DE as part of the long-term research monitoring effort. All undergraduate students involved in the internships during this timeline have the opportunity to do their internships in a hybrid format (both online training and field and lab experiences). Graduate Student, Amanda Pappas's research focused on Winter bloom dynamics and molecular analysis of benthic sediments for the toxic dinoflagellate, Dinophysis acuminata, at Torquay Canal, Rehoboth Bay, DE. Amanda defended her thesis on October 27, 2020 and completed her MSc in the fall of 2020. Students previously trained using three types of shell containment gear to monitor and compare the setting efficiency rate and post-set survival of oysters involved in the preparation of the research article. Shell containment gears included diamond, plastic mesh bags, wire baskets. The results showed that the stacked aquaculture trays were advantageous for several reasons: reducing handling time, uniform shell distribution within tanks, environmentally friendly alternative, and ease of cleaning detritus between shell layers. This project is published in peer-reviewed journal articles and provided in other products section. At VSU, the research conducted by one graduate student and one undergraduate student during the summer and fall of 2020 was compiled in the excel sheets. The students used the tabulated data to interpret the differences in chemical components in water samples in five river basins (Appomattox, James, York, Rappahannock, Potomac, and Susquehanna) which empty into the Chesapeake Bay. The results on the concentrations of nitrogen, nitrates, total phosphorus, dissolved orthophosphate, and suspended sediment were measured and mapped. The research conducted by the students on Randolph Experimental Farm of VSU during early spring 2020 was submitted as the abstracts to the conferences, Society of Wetland Scientists (2021) and National Environmental Justice Conference (2021). These abstracts are listed in student presentations in Other Products. At MSU, Dr. Fan (Co-Director) trained students in evaluating the suitability of using recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) from road projects as an alternative bottom conditioning material for oyster restoration and aquaculture in the Chesapeake Bay. The results showed there was no significant difference across substrate type (RCA, oyster shell, and RCA with oyster shell) in terms of their impacts on benthic community diversity and oyster recruitment, demonstrating that RCA, as an alternative material, generally similar to the natural oyster shell with regards to ecosystem services. Further, this could be a potential source for much-needed bottom substrate for oyster restoration and aquaculture. This project is published in peer-reviewed journal articles and provided in other products section. Professional Development of Faculty Again, due to Covid-19 pandemic, the project team could not meet in person however the project directors communicated via telephone, email, and zoom to discuss the progress on curriculum development and student research experiences. The project directors at DSU, VSU, and MSU communicated on the progress of the teaching approaches during the on-line teaching. The research activities were discussed and submitted for publication. These are listed in faculty publications in other products. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?At DSU, all three graduate students (Jackie, Mohana, and Memory) had a chance to present their research efforts during the Pacific Shellfish Growers Association, 74th Annual Shellfish Conference and Expo on October 6-8, 2020. All three graduate students also presented their research projects during the Professional Workers Agricultural Conference hosted by Tuskegee University virtually. Undergraduate Students, Robert Allison and Marcus Teat presented their research as virtual posters during the Summer Research Symposium on July 27, 2020. Robert Allison with the other 3 new interns (Elisha Bunch, Miranda Adcock, and Kendall Mertz) will be presenting their research projects as oral presentations during the Delaware State University Research Day. All three graduate students and the research technician (Aaron) submitted their abstracts for the presentation for the National Shellfisheries Association Meeting on March 22-26, 2021. Graduate Student, Amanda Pappas completed her thesis research and defended her thesis during the fall of 2020. Four graduate students (Amanda, Jackie, Mohana, and Memory) presented their research projects as posters during the Delaware Wetlands Conference on January 29-30, 2020. Both Mohana and Memory presented their research projects as posters during the Atlantic Estuarine Research Society (AERS) Meeting in West Long Branch, NJ. March 24-27, 2020. Mohana received the following awards during the conferences: Third Place Poster Presentation during the Delaware Wetlands Conference 2020, Travel Award during AERS Meeting 2020, Travel/Registration Award during 78th Virtual Professional Agricultural Workers Conference, Virtual Meeting, December 6-8, 2020, the most recently Membership and Registration Award for 113th National Shellfisheries Association Meeting coming up on March 22-26, 2021. At VSU, the abstract by one graduate student was accepted in the Conference on Wetland Scientists, Washington, D.C., 2021 on-line). An undergraduate student's abstract has been accepted by the EPA's Conference on Environmental Justice, Washington, D.C., 2021 (on-line). A graduate student at MSU won the second-place award for an oral presentation given at the National Technical Association's 92nd annual conference based on Investigating methods of DNA extraction and analysis for marine invertebrates along the US-North East Coast (September 2020). What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Objective 1) Student Experiential Learning through summer internships, workshops, and international climate change field class. At, DSU, during the summer of 2021, we plan of having 2-3 undergraduate interns to assist four new graduate students starting this summer with their research programs. Training will be provided to all students and a layered mentoring approach will be used and students will pair one graduate student to one undergraduate student to provide necessary attention and guidance to the interns. We are hopeful that late summer or during the fall if the majority of vaccination is completed, we will conduct the Student Experiential Program in Belize. At DSU, one graduate and three undergraduate students will continue working on "Application of stable carbon-nitrogen isotopes to examine feeding habits in blue crabs (Callinectes sapidus) across various vegetation zones in Blackbird Creek, Delaware" and "Water and sediment quality monitoring in Rehoboth Bay, DE". Two graduate students (Mohana Memory) are expected to graduate during the summer of 2021 and prepare manuscripts on their thesis research. Robert Allison will be attending the graduate program at Louisiana State University. At VSU, one graduate student and one undergraduate student will be engaged in research on topics related to climate change. During summer, these students will be provided internship opportunities opportunity at North Carolina State University (NCSU) during summer 2021, in case NCSU provided the internship opportunity to VSU students. VSU and NCSU has an ongoing At MSU, a summer undergraduate internship on marine and coastal science will be offered during the summer of 2021. The detailed information can be found at: https://www.morgan.edu/research_and_economic_development/cross_school_research_programs/centers/patuxent_environmental_and_aquatic_research_laboratory/education/summer_internship_program.html Objective 2) Precollege Students and Youth Development in STEM Disciplines by providing internships to high school students and camps for youth to improve their knowledge, social, and intellectual skills. During the summer of 2021, at DSU, we plan of offering a hybrid summer camp to the youth with age groups of 8 to 12. We are anticipating having about 50 students in the camp. We will be having students in small groups b/w 12 to 16 to attend farm visits and hands-on activities in rotation Objective 3) Climate Change Teachers' Workshop to the local middle and high school teachers. Teachers will have hands-on heavy training opportunities including CO2 emission, carbon cycle, sea-level rise...etc. At DSU, PI, Dr. Ozbay recruit 5 to 6 high school students to involve in various research projects conducted in the labs of the faculty in the Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources and Food Science and Biotechnology Program. Students spend 4 weeks in one of the research faculty's lab including Dr. Ozbay and involve in various research projects the host laboratories conduct from goat health in relation to changing climate and weather, crop growth, water quality monitoring, aquaculture, aquaponic food production, seafood safety, and plant genetics and many others. Dr. Ozbay provides a faculty training opportunity to the faculty mentors/advisors from high school and middle-schools attending Kent County Science Fair every March. PI, Dr. Ozbay provides training with hands-on activities including wetlands demo, carbon cycle, renewable energy demo, etc. At VSU, a 2-day workshop on hands-on training in the integration of environmental, climate, and agricultural topics into school curricula. The teachers (10) from high schools in Sussex, Dinwiddie, Petersburg, Matoaka, and Prince George will be invited to this workshop. Dr. Fan from MSU and PI, Dr. Ozbay will be assisting Dr. Sriharan at VSU with the high school teachers' training. Objective 4) Curricula Design and Materials Development with enhanced laboratory and hands-on activities, including SWAT model and geospatial technology training for studying impacts of climate change. At DSU, PI, Ozbay will continue offering all three courses with some modifications for laboratory activities with the expectation that we may have opportunities to teach the courses in classes. Hands-on laboratory exercises will be provided to the students and field trips and visits to the nature center, state, and national parks will be provided. Dr. Ozbay will provide SWAT Model and Geospatial Training opportunities to all students and personnel involved in this project with the assistance of Dr. Aavudai Anandhi Swamy from Florida A & M University. At VSU, the courses on climate change, AGRI 250-01 (Lecture) need to be updated with current topics on climate change. The topics on recent advances available from NASA, USGS, and NOAA, will be included by using the videos. The laboratory course, AGRI 250-02 (Laboratory) will be enriched with more hands-on activities using the Protocols on Hydrosphere, Atmosphere, and Biosphere, and examples from laboratory activities at 1962 universities (Virginia Tech and University of Florida). At MSU, Dr. Fan will continue teaching two courses (Environmental Science and Marine Biology) and have his students use the GIS to enhance their overall understanding of how environmental data is reviewed and assessed.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Program goal will be achieved by the following objectives: Objective 1) Student Experiential Learning: Due to Covid -19, we could not conduct our study abroad student experiential learning program activities in Belize.However, the project directors used innovative approaches conducting students' experiential learning and having students work on data collected from previous years and learn how to do literature review and prepare research papers. Undergraduate and graduate students have been able to conduct some research and involved in research-related efforts. Most students' training was conducted synchronously online while Dr. Ozbay has receivedaccess to the labs and field monitoring with limited students. At Delaware State University (DSU), Undergraduate Student, Kendall Metz, and Graduate Student, Jackie Maina have participated in research efforts. An undergraduate student is working on potential nutrient loads data before Covid-19 and during Covid-19 inRehoboth Bay, DE. Jackie's research focuses on blue crabs (Calinectes sapidus) feeding habitats using carbon and nitrogen isotopes data at various sites with different marsh vegetations in the Blackbird Creek, DE. Along with other graduate students (Mohana Gadde and Memory Nakazwe), three graduate students have been involved in mentoring 5 undergraduate interns in PI, Ozbay Lab. A total of 16 abstracts were submitted by 4 graduate students, 1 research technician, and 2 undergraduate students. Mohana is the recipient of the third-place best poster award during the Delaware Wetlands Conference in 2020, Travel Award during AERS Conference in 2020, Registration Award for the Tuskegee Professional Agricultural Workers Conference in 2020, and Membership and Registration Award for the National Shellfisheries Association Meeting in 2021. At Virginia State University (VSU), two graduate students and an undergraduate student worked online during the reporting period. The students collected data on the chemical components of water quality in the river basins of the Appomattox, James, York, Rappahannock, Potomac, and Susquehanna, which empty into the Chesapeake Bay. The water quality data were collected at various sites to examine the chemical and physical characteristics and health of water and the results are mapped. The research was conducted by the students on campus and Randolph Experimental Farm of VSU during early spring 2020 submitted as the abstracts to the conferences, Society of Wetland Scientists, and EPA's Conference on Environmental Justice. At Morgan State University (MSU), one graduate and one undergraduate student involved in research activities. Nikelene McLean (graduate student) at MSU received the second best oral presentation award for her research on Investigating methods of DNA extraction and analysis for marine invertebrates along the US-North East Coast at the National Technical Association's 92nd Annual Conference in September of 2020. Objective 2) Precollege Students and Youth Development in STEM Disciplines: Due to Covid-19 pandemic lockdown, we could not provide in-person training and STEM education via camp activities to the youth. However, Dr. Ozbay provided training to the youth between the age group of 12 to 16 on improving water quality on the farm and at home as part of the Green Job Training focusing on Enhancing Food Security in the Post Covid-19 Eraon July 16, 2020. One high school student was involved with the development of online environmental education materials. Objective 3) Climate Change Teachers' Workshops: Due to Covid-19 pandemic, teachers' workshops could not be offered in person. However, both Dr. Sriharan and Dr. Ozbay have been providing online resources to the teachers and assisting the teachers with the materials and questions they have in regards to climate change and environmental issues. Dr. Sriharan is in close contact with the teachers who attended two teachers' workshops at VSU and she has been making the resources available to those teachers. Objective 4) Curricula Design and Materials Development:At DSU, PI Ozbay has continued offering the following coursessynchronously online: Climatology (NTRS 30-303-01) in the fall of 2020 and Introduction to Environmental Science (NTRS 30-103-01) in the springs of 2020 and 2021. Laboratory Handbook on "Hands-on Activities for Climate Change and Environmental Science" is currently being used byall sub-award institutions teaching climate change in their respective institutions. Different than other years, the Climatology course was made available to the graduate students in the fall of 2020. A total of 7 graduate students took this course along with the undergraduate students. Students were able to conduct term papers on the species that are either endangered or threatened by climate change and presented their term papers as PowerPoint presentations during the final week of their classes. Similar to the Climatology course, students in the Environmental Science class prepared term papers on various biomes threatened by anthropogenic activities and how this may have long-term impacts on the species, weather, and living conditions. The new curriculum is implemented by Dr. Ozbay during this Covid-19 lockdown Environmental Toxicology (NTRS 466-01). This course is offered in collaboration with FMC Environmental Toxicologists as Dr. Lauren Markell as the primary contact by PI, Ozbay.One graduate student took this course as part of his training for his thesis research. This course provided opportunities for students to meet with FMC Company Environmental Toxicologists, were able to listen to lectures by the American Society of Toxicology Eminent Lecturers, Society of Toxicology presentations. Students completed term papers at the end of their courses with a primary focus on current and emerging environmental toxicants and their threats to the environment. All three courses taught by PI, Dr. Ozbay developed and adapted rubrics for writing lab reports and term paper and term paper presentations. . At VSU, Climate Change and Adaptation (AGRI 250-01 and 250-020) in fall2020and spring 2021 was offered synchronously online by Co-PI, Dr. Sriharan. Climate Change Laboratory course (AGRI 250-02) was enriched with hands-on activities by using the Laboratory Book, "Hands-on Activities for Climate Change and Environmental Science" compiled by PI, Ozbay, and Laurieann Phalen (Technician). A few examples are Greenhouse gases and Climate Change: The Incredible Carbon Journey, Sea-level rise.The course on Contemporary Global Studies (AGRI 295) which is a General Education course and taken by students from the schools of Science, Business, and Liberal Arts includes the use of case studies on Global topics. This course was taught synchronously by Dr. Sriharan. One case study on Climate Change was integrated with the most up-to-date information on Climate Change by using recent articles (pro and con opinions). The students were divided into two groups to read the articles and use the Internet to write their impressions and make PowerPoint slides for oral presentations and debate. The students were assessed by using rubrics for each of these two types of impressions. This approach has created more excitement among the students. In spring 2021, two sections of AGRI 295 (Agri 295-01 and AGRI 295-02) are formed with 20 students in each section. At MSU, Co-PI, Dr. Fan taught the courses, Introduction to Environmental Science (BIOL 203) and Marine Science (BIOL 603) by integrating climate change topics. Dr. Fan has successfully integrated some of the hands-on activities in both his classes and students in his class visit thePatuxentEnvironmental andAquaticResearchLaboratory (PEARL)where Dr. Fan's office is located at PEARL.

Publications

• Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2021 Citation: Ozbay G, Jones M, Gadde M, Isah S. 2021. Design and Operation of Effective Landfills with Minimal Effects on the Environmental and Human Health. WILEY Journal of Environmental and Public Health.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Ozbay, G, Reckenbell, B, and Phalen, L, 2020. Remote set of Oyster (Crassostrea virginica) in various aquaculture gear. The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research. Volume 46, Issue 4, December 2020, Pages 397-403
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Ozbay G, Khatiwada R, Smith S, Chintapenta LK. 2021. Efficacy of Heavy Use Area Protection Pads (HUAP) in Poultry Farm. MDPI Agricultural Systems and Management Journal in Special Issue: Resource Conserving Agricultural Practices for Ecological Sustainability. Agriculture 2021, 11, 154. https://doi.org/10.3390/ agriculture11020154
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Isah S, Zhang J, Biresaw G, Strahan GD, Nunez A, Wyatt VT, Ngo H, Ozbay G. 2021. Synthesis of Dimer Acid 2-Ethylhexyl Esters and their Physicochemical Properties as Bio-lubricant Base Stock, and Potential as Additive in Commercial Base Oils. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society. 06 March 2021 https://doi.org/10.1002/aocs.12455
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Almuhaideb E, Chintapenta LK, Abbott A, Parveen S, Ozbay G. 2020. Assessment of Vibrio parahaemolyticus levels in oysters (Crassostrea virginica) and seawater in Delaware Bay in relation to environmental conditions and the prevalence of molecular markers to identify pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains. PLoS One 2020 Dec 3;15(12):e0242229. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242229. eCollection 2020.PMID: 33270659
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Parveen S, Jacobs J, Ozbay G, Chintapenta LK, Almuhaideb E, Meredith J, Ossai S, Abbott A, Grant A, Brohawn K, Chigbu P, Richards GP. 2020. Seasonal and Geographical Differences in Total and Pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus Levels in Seawater and Oysters from the Delaware and Chesapeake Bays Determined Using Several Methods. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2020 Nov 10;86(23):e01581-20. doi: 10.1128/AEM.01581-20. Print 2020 Nov 10.PMID: 32978135
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Fan C., Clark K, McLean N, and Bundy M. 2020. The impacts of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) on epifaunal community structure and eastern oyster recruitment: Implication of using RCA as bottom conditioning material for oyster restoration and aquaculture in Current Research in Environmental Sustainability Volume 2 December 2020, 100012.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Under Review Year Published: 2021 Citation: Sriharan S, Meekins D, Jackson L, Hines J, and Ozbay G, 2020. Mapping the Water Quality of the River Basins in Virginia Using Chemical Indicators. Under Review.
• Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Ozbay G. 2020. Partnering with Oyster Farmers for Citizen Scientists Program. DE EPSCOR Project WICCED Official Website. University of Delaware. https://projectwicced.org/2020/10/30/partnering-with-oyster-farmers-for-citizen-scientists-program/ Delaware State University Cable News at the following website link: https://preview.mailerlite.com/e6c4y1 and Delaware State University Small Farms Program website link: http://www.findglocal.com/US/Dover/288216137857287/Delaware-State-University--Small-Farms-Program
• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Pappas A, Ozbay G and Coyne K. 2020. Dinophysis acuminata: a dinoflagellate you should know. WMAP Blog. The Official Blog of the Wetland Monitoring & Assessment Program, State of Delaware. https://wmap.blogs.delaware.gov/2020/09/17/dinophysis-acuminata-a-dinoflagellate-you-should-know/
• Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2020 Citation: Ozbay G. 2020. Water Resources: Preserving Our Liquid Assets and Protecting Aquatic Ecosystems. Green Job Youth Program. July 16, 2020. Virtual Youth Training Materials.
• Type: Books Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Ozbay G and Phalen L. 2019. Hands-On Activities for Climate Change and Environmental Science. Compiled from various laboratory hands-on activities. Delaware State University, Dover, DE. April 3, 2019. Pp. 120.
• Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Ozbay G. 2019. World Food Day: The fight against food waste. weblink: https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/10/world-food-day-fight-food-waste-191016120808684.html. By Usaid Siddiqui  Al Jazeera News, October 16, 2019.
• Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Ozbay G. 2019. Aw shucks! Can oysters clean up New Yorks harbor? The Christian Science Monitor. weblink: https://www.csmonitor.com/Environment/2019/0417/Aw-shucks!-Can-oysters-clean-up-New-York-s-harbor
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2021 Citation: Winner of Student Travel/Registration Award Gadde M  Gadde, M., M., Nakazwe, Bland, A., Kalavacharla V. and Ozbay G. 2021. Assessment of Nutrient Loads and Their Impacts on Oyster Aquaculture. 113th Annual Meeting, National Shellfisheries Association. Virtual Meeting, March 21-25, 2021. Oral Presentation.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Winner of Student Registration Scholarship Gadde M - Gadde, M., M., Nakazwe, Bland, A., Kalavacharla V. and Ozbay G. 2020. Analysis of Carbon and Nitrogen Isotopes to Assess Nutrient Loading in Rehoboth Bay, DE and Its Effects on Oyster Activities. 78th Virtual Professional Agricultural Workers Conference, Virtual Meeting, December 6-8, 2020. Oral Presentation.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Nakazwe M, Gadde M, Kalavacharla V and Ozbay G. 2020. Comparing the Ecological Impact of Artificial Oyster Reefs and Oyster Farms on Wild Oyster Restoration, Species Diversity, Predation and Water Quality Enhancement in the Delaware Inland Bays. 2020 Delaware Wetlands Conference, Chase Center Wilmington, DE. January 29-30, 2020. Poster Presentation.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Pappas A, Coyne K and Ozbay G. 2020. Winter bloom dynamics and molecular analysis of benthic sediments for the toxic dinoflagellate, Dinophysis acuminata, at Torquay Canal, Rehoboth Bay, Delaware, USA. 2020 Delaware Wetlands Conference, Chase Center Wilmington, DE. January 29-30, 2020. Poster Presentation.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2021 Citation: Nakazwe M, Gadde M, Bland. Kalavacharla V and Ozbay G. 2021. Comparing the impact of artificial oyster reefs and oyster farms on wild oyster restoration, aquatic species diversity, and water quality in Delaware Inland Bays. 113th Annual Meeting, National Shellfisheries Association Meeting. Virtual Meeting, March 21-25, 2021. Oral Presentation.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Nakazwe M, Gadde M, Kalavacharla V and Ozbay G. 2020. Investigating Ecological Impact of Artificial Oyster Reefs and Oyster Farms on Wild Oyster Restoration, Species Diversity, Predation and Water Quality Assessment in Rehoboth Bay, DE. AERS Conference, West Long Branch, NJ. March 24-27, 2020. Poster Presentation.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Winner of Student Travel Award Gadde M - Gadde, M., Nakazwe, M., Kalavacharla V. and Ozbay G. 2020. Analysis of Carbon and Nitrogen Isotopes to Assess Nutrient Loading in Rehoboth Bay, DE and Its Effects on Oyster Activities. AERS Conference, West Long Branch, NJ. March 24-27, 2020. Poster Presentation.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Winner of Third Place Award in Student Poster Presentation Gadde M - Gadde, M., Nakazwe, M., Kalavacharla V. and Ozbay G. 2020. Analysis of Carbon and Nitrogen Isotopes to Assess Nutrient Loading in Rehoboth Bay, DE and its Effects on Oyster Activities. 2020 Delaware Wetlands Conference, Chase Center Wilmington, DE. January 29-30, 2020. Poster Presentation.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Winner of Second Place Award in Student Oral Presentation McLean N - McLean N and Fan C. 2020. Investigating methods of DNA extraction and analysis for marine invertebrates along the US-North East Coast. National Technical Associations 92nd Annual Conference. September 2020. Oral Presentation.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Nakazwe M, Gadde M, Kalavacharla V and Ozbay G. 2020. Comparing the impact of artificial oyster reefs and oyster farms on wild oyster restoration, aquatic species diversity, and water quality in Delaware Inland Bays. 74th Virtual Annual Shellfish Conference & Trade Show. Pacific Coast Shellfish Growers Association. October 2-8, 2020. Poster Presentation.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Gadde, M., M., Nakazwe, Bland, A., Kalavacharla V. and Ozbay G. 2020. Assessment of Nutrient Loads and Their Impacts on Oyster Aquaculture. 74th Virtual Annual Shellfish Conference & Trade Show. Pacific Coast Shellfish Growers Association. October 2-8, 2020. Poster Presentation.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Maina J, Bland A and Ozbay G. 2020. Comparing Stable Carbon and Nitrogen Isotopes to Examine Feeding Trends in Blue Crabs (Callinectes sapidus) across Vegetation Zones in Blackbird Creek. 113th Annual Meeting, National Shellfisheries Association Meeting. Virtual Meeting, March 21-25, 2021. Poster Presentation.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Maina J, Bland A and Ozbay G. 2020. Comparing Stable Carbon and Nitrogen Isotopes to Examine Feeding Trends in 2 - Blue Crabs (Callinectes Sapidus) across Vegetation Zones in Blackbird Creek. 78th Virtual Professional Agricultural Workers Conference, Virtual Meeting, December 6-8, 2020. Oral Presentation.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Maina J, Bland A and Ozbay G. 2020. Comparing Stable Carbon and Nitrogen Isotopes to Examine Feeding Trends in Blue Crabs (Callinectes Sapidus) across Vegetation Zones in Blackbird Creek. 74th Virtual Annual Shellfish Conference & Trade Show. Pacific Coast Shellfish Growers Association. October 2-8, 2020. Poster Presentation.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2021 Citation: Bland A and Ozbay G. 2021. Continuous water quality monitoring at sites of oyster farms and artificial oyster reefs in Rehoboth Bay, Delaware. 113th Annual Meeting, National Shellfisheries Association Meeting. Virtual Meeting, March 21-25, 2021. Oral Presentation.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Allison R, Bland A, Gadde M, Nakazwe M and Ozbay G. 2020. Investigating Turbidity-Total Suspended Solid Relationships In The Rehoboth Bay Aquatic Systems. Summer Undergraduate Research Virtual Symposium. Delaware State University, Dover, DE. July 31, 2020. Poster Presentation.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Teat M, Shumbayarerwa N, Ayyappan V, Smith S, Kalavacharla V and Ozbay G. 2020. Investigating Water Quality in Delaware Saltmarshes. Summer Undergraduate Research Virtual Symposium. Delaware State University, Dover, DE. July 31, 2020. Poster Presentation.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Hines J and Sriharan S. 2020. Correlation between Field Types, Locations and Demographics and Potential Greenfield Development, using GIS to Map Brownfields in Richmond, Virginia, submitted to National Conference on Environmental Justice, https://www.epa.gov/environmental justice/federal-interagency-working-group-environmental-justice-ej-iwg#emi.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Jackson L and Sriharan S. 2020. Studies on Water Quality in Five River Basins of Chesapeake Bay: Chemical Parameters and Mapping the River Basins submitted to the Society of Wetland Scientists: Multicultural Mentoring Program (SWaMMP).

Progress 05/01/19 to 04/30/20

Outputs
Target Audience:Target audiences are provided as a cumulative outcome during 2nd and 3rd years of program activities. First year, due to the delay with funding set-up, activities during the first year of the program was very limited. Project funded 21 undergraduate students and 3 graduate students to participate at the Student Experiential Learning Program Abroad in Belize. Funding were also provided to those 21 undergraduate students to involve in 5 to7 weeks undergraduate summer research programs following their experiential learning experience in Belize. Those students were located in various faculty, state and federal labs to learn how to plan, set-up, monitor and analyze their research data and disseminate and present them. Students were also provided workshops for how to do scientific writing, prepare your resume and apply for the graduate programs. All students were provided training on how to prepare a good poster presentation. Because of those training and preparation, nine students received the presentation awards during the summer undergraduate research symposium in DSU at the end of their internships. Eight high school students were provided opportunity to involve in 4 weeks long research internship in various labs in the College of Agriculture, Science and Technology. Those high school students were also provided a workshop to learn how to read scientific paper, disseminate the information, summarize the research finding and how to prepare presentation on their projects. All students participated in the program received stipends for their involvement in research programs. Funding allowed 50 youth to receive meals and drinks and travel to different locations to learn various topics from farm to coastal resources. Those students received small school kit for their involvement in the youth camp along the terrarium they made during the camp and were lectured and did hands-on practices by the state and federal scientists. Total of 38 teachers were reached out and provided training via three workshops offered during this program.Teachers participating in three workshops in the program received honorarium as part of their time and dedication to participate in the program and disseminate the information in their classes. All other outreach activities and travels allowed PD, Co-PD and the students to interact with the public and other scientists and discuss various program activities and student research. All students and teachers involved in the program received certificate for their participation in addition to those students who received awards as best presenters during the Summer Research Symposium. Not reported in the table includes over 100 students received hands-on training attending various courses funded by this grant. Changes/Problems:Due to public health concerns regarding coronavirus, all study abroad student learning pograms are suspended until further notice by the DSU administrators. Our study abroad program in Belize will be scheduledfor future dates. Activities for youth summer camp is also depending on the recent development with coronavirus outbreaks. Until now, most of our activites were conducted as planned and no major changes are expected beside few I mentioned in this section. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Project funded 21 undergraduate students and 3 graduate students to participate at the Student Experiential Learning Program Abroad in Belize. Funding were also provided to those 21 undergraduate students to involve in 5 to7 weeks undergraduate summer research programs following their experiential learning experience in Belize. Those students were located in various faculty, state and federal labs to learn how to plan, set-up, monitor and analyze their research data and disseminate and present them. Students were also provided workshops for how to do scientific writing, prepare your resume and apply for the graduate programs. All students were provided training on how to prepare a good poster presentation. Because of those training and preparation, nine students received the presentation awards during the summer undergraduate research symposium in DSU at the end of their internships. Eight high school students were provided opportunity to involve in 4 weeks long research internship in various labs in the College of Agriculture, Science and Technology. High school students were also provided a workshop to learn how to read scientific paper, disseminate the information, summarize the research finding and how to prepare presentation on their projects. All students participated in the program received stipends for their involvement in research programs. Funding allowed youth to receive meals and drinks and travel to different locations to learn various topics from farm to coastal resources. Those students received small school kit for their involvement in the youth camp along the terrarium they made during the camp. Teachers participating in three workshops in the program received honorarium as part of their time and dedication to participate in the program and disseminate the information in their classes. All other outreach activities and travels allowed PD, Co-PD and the students to interact with the public and other scientists and discuss various program activities and student research. All students and teachers involved in the program received certificate for their participation in addition to those students who received awards as best presenters during the Summer Research Symposium. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results were disseminated as power point and poster presentations, lab manual and reports. Information was modified for the community of interest (youth vs general public) to follow through and understand the material. While several journal articles and other publications are already published, two journal articles are accepted to be published on students' engaged projects. Information about the program goals and activities are disseminated for various partnering institutions. Program flyer prepared for the public outreach has been shared with the target audiences, during the conferences,meetings, and workshops. Lab manual is disseminated to share with all partnering institutions to provide hands-on learning opportunities for the students at their respective institutions. During the Aquaculture Farming Stakeholder Meeting, information and students' research outcomes are shared. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We request No-cost extension to reach out more undergraduate and high school students to involve in summer research program and also participate during the Student Experiential Learning Program in Belize. We would like to reach out more youth to expose them more STEM oriented disciplines and bring their attentions to STEM related opportunities in the college. We also would like to bring in more teachers to integrate climate change and GIS technology in their classes back at their schools. Timetable provided in the letter highlights those activities with the anticipated timeline for each activity. We plan to further enhance our curricula to make learning enjoyable for the students.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Program goal has beenachieved by the following objectives: Objective 1) Student Experiential Learning through summer internships, workshops, and international climate change field class. Objective 2) Precollege Students and Youth Development in STEM Disciplines by providing internships to high school students and camps for youth to improve their knowledge, social, and intellectual skills. Objective 3) Climate Change Teachers' Workshop to the local middle and high school teachers. Teachers will have hands-on heavy training opportunities including CO2 emission, carbon-cycle, sea level rise...etc. Objective 4) Curricula Design and Materials Development with enhanced laboratory and hands-on activities, including SWAT model and geospatial technology training for studying impacts of climate change. Specific outcomes and accomliphments for each objective follows: Objective 1: Funding provided opportunities to 21 undergraduate and 3 graduate students to participate during the Student Experiential Program in Belize for 2 weeks each year in 2018 and 2019. Undergraduate students participated in Student Experiential Learning Program in Belize involved in research projects in Belize collecting various environmental data monitoring water quality, atmospheric CO2 and collecting soil samples. Those students were provided additional 6 to 7 weeks undergraduate research opportunities to continue their training during mid-June through end of July. All students including graduate students who presented their research as poster presentation during the Delaware State University, Summer Undergraduate Research Symposium. Total of 10 students received various presentation awards during the symposium. Objective 2: Total of 8 high school students participated during the summer research program and funded for their participation for 1 month internship in 2018 and 2019. Those students were exposed to various research experiences in different laboratories in the College of Agriculture, Science and Technology. Those high school students also participated during the the Delaware State University, Summer Undergraduate Research Symposium and presented their posters. Several students in this program were later competed at the New Castle County Science Fair in 2018 for an award. We also offered Summer STEM Youth Camp in 2018 over 50 youth between the ages of 8 -14. During 3-day camp, youth learned about the sustainable agriculture and farming practices, Delaware coastal resources, aquatic life, importance of water quality, conservation and restoration practices of natural resources and healthy living choices. Camp included hands-on learning exercises, field trips, invited lectures and learning by playing type of activities. Youth had plenty outdoor and hands-on training opportunities during the camp. About half of the youth apparently had not visited Delaware coastline before until they participated in the summer camp. All youth activities were conducted by the lead institution, Delaware State University. Objective 3: Total of 3 Teachers' Workshops were provided to local high school and middle-school teachers. All workshops were conducted on Virginia State University Campus. First workshop was offered on April 3-4, 2018 to total of 12 teachers. This workshop included various monitoring activities including water quality monitoring, water sampling, collecting waypoints and GIS mapping, discussing climate change impacts on Virginia sea level rise and many other environmental contamination risks and sustainable agricultural practices. Second teachers' workshop was offered on July 20-21, 2018 to total of 15 teachers. This workshop focused primarily on climate change adaptation and application of GIS technology for data display and results dissemination. Third teachers' workshop was offered on April 4-5, 2019 to total of 11 teachers. Laboratory manual prepared in DSU was disseminated and followed to train the middle and high school teachers on various climate change related contents and helped teachers to prepare their own lesson plans. Teachers' were provided detail training on GIS application for climate change related data dissemination and how to adapt this technology for in-class learning and enhance students' learning. Total of 38 teachers were reached out and provided training via three workshops offered during this program. Other outreach activities such as Coast Day, Blackbird Creek Festival, North Bowers Beach Big Tuesday Festival, Earth Day, Fishing Derby and few other on-campus activities allowed the program to reach out much bigger communities. Educational booths were set-up to provide training to youth and parents during those events. We anticipated reaching out over 300 youth and 200 adults during those events. Objective 4: Primary activities for this objective included enhancing hands-on activities of various existing courses in all participating institutions. One major outcome was for DSU to prepare a lab manual that can be readily adaptable by the college instructors and middle and high school teachers. Following courses are improved with various hands-on activities and field opportunities: At Delaware State University - Climatology (NTRS 30-303-01) & Introduction to Environmental Science (NTRS 30-103-01). At Virginia State University - Climate Change and Adaptation Science (AGRI 350), Contemporary Global Studies (AGRI 295) & Introduction to Remote Sensing (AGRI 290). At Morgan State University - Introduction to Environmental Science (BIOL 203) & Marine Science (BIOL 603).

Publications

• Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2020 Citation: Ozbay G, Reckenbeil B, 2020. Remote Set Practices in Delaware Oyster Gardening Program: Oyster (Crassostrea virginica) Larval Set Efficiency Survival Rate, and Feasibility of Gear Type. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Sciences.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2020 Citation: Isah S, Ozbay G. 2019. Valorization of Food Loss and Wastes: Feedstocks for Biofuels and Valuable Chemicals. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems Journal, Specialty Section: Nutrition and Sustainable Diets.
• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Ozbay G and Phalen L. 2019. Hands-on Activities for Climate Change & Environmental Science. Lab Manual compiled from various sources. Delaware State University, Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Dover, DE. Pp. 120.
• Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Ozbay G. 2019. World Food Day: The fight against food waste. weblink: https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/10/world-food-day-fight-food-waste-191016120808684.html. By Usaid Siddiqui  Al Jazeera News, October 16, 2019.
• Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Ozbay G. 2019. Aw shucks! Can oysters clean up New Yorks harbor? The Christian Science Monitor. weblink: https://www.csmonitor.com/Environment/2019/0417/Aw-shucks!-Can-oysters-clean-up-New-York-s-harbor
• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Deksissa, T., Ozbay, G, Sriharan, S., and James, N. 2018. Socio-Environmental Synthesis for Water Quality Study: Toxic Contaminants in Our Tap Water and Water Use Policy (2017-7), Oct 22, 2018: https://www.sesync.org/socio-environmental-synthesis-for-water-quality-study-toxic-contaminants-in-our-tap-water-and-water
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Lankowicz, K. M., Bi, H., Liang, D., and Fan, C. 2020. Sonar imaging surveys fill data gaps in forage fish populations in shallow estuarine tributaries. Fisheries Research, 226, 105520.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Song, J., Bi, H., Cai, Z., Cheng, X., He, Y., Benfield, M. C., and Fan, C. 2020. Early warning of Noctiluca scintillans blooms using in-situ plankton imaging system: An example from Dapeng Bay, PR China. Ecological Indicators, 112, 106123.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Oseji, O. F., Fan, C., and Chigbu, P. 2019. Composition and dynamics of phytoplankton in the coastal bays of Maryland, USA, revealed by microscopic counts and diagnostic pigments analyses. Water, 11(2), 368.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: N. Mclean, C. Fan 2019. Long-term Population dynamics of the Atlantic Bay Nettle Chrysaora Chesapeakei in the Patuxent River and Adjacent creeks. Delaware State University Summer Research Symposium, Dover DE, July 25, 2019. Poster Presentation.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: N. Mclean, C. Fan 2019. Long-term Population dynamics of the Atlantic Bay Nettle Chrysaora Chesapeakei in the Patuxent River and Adjacent creeks. 91st National Technical Conference, Baltimore MD, September 25-27, 2019. Oral Presentation.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Bethany Kline, Simone Silent, Gulnihal Ozbay, Mingxin Guo. 2019. The Effect of Biochar on Soil Water Retention and Movement. Delaware State University Summer Research Symposium, Dover DE, July 25, 2019. Poster Presentation.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Simone Silent, Bethany Kline, Gulnihal Ozbay, Mingxin Guo. 2019. A local Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration Profile Implicating Current Climate Change. Delaware State University Summer Research Symposium, Dover DE, July 25, 2019. Poster Presentation.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Robert Allison, Elisha Bunch, Sarah LaTorre, Elizabeth Lynch, Nikelene Mclean, Tajah McMillan, Emilee Milton, Amanda Pappas, Kayla Pettiford, Kayla Sharboneau, Alyssa Spann, Gulnihal Ozbay. 2019. Environmental and Air Quality Monitoring During Study Abroad Program in Belize. Delaware State University Summer Research Symposium, Dover DE, July 25, 2019. Poster Presentation.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Aaliyah Lackings, Feyza Candan, Gulnihal Ozbay, Yuriy Markushin. 2019. Spectroscopic Study of Gold Nanoparticles Distribution in Leaf, Stem, and Root of the Chickpea Plant. Delaware State University Summer Research Symposium, Dover DE, July 25, 2019. Poster Presentation.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Aaliyah Lackings, Feyza Candan, Gulnihal Ozbay, Yuriy Markushin. 2019. Application of Spectroscopy for Gold Nanoparticles Distribution in Leaf, Stem, and Root of the Chickpea Plant. Delaware State University Research Day, April 21, 2019. Oral Presentation.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Elizabeth Lynch, Tyler Niblett, Jasmine Harris, Francess Blake, Alberta Aryee, Kwame Matthews. In Vitro Anthelmintic Effects of Pumpkin Flesh Extract on Haemonchus contortus. Delaware State University Summer Research Symposium, Dover DE, July 25, 2019. Poster Presentation. Best Poster Presentation Award in Agriculture Category.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Mohana Gadde, Karuna Chintapenta, Michael Moore, Gulnihal Ozbay. Utilization of Diatom Species to Address Water Quality in Blackbird Creek, Delaware. Atlantic Estuarine Research Society Meeting, Woodbridge, VA, April 4-6, 2019. Oral Presentation.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Amanda Pappas and Gulnihal Ozbay. 2019. Monitoring a Toxic, Harmful Algal Bloom Species, (Dinophysis acuminata) in Rehoboth Bay, Delaware, USA. Delaware State University Summer Research Symposium, Dover DE, July 25, 2019. Poster Presentation. Recipient of Best Poster Presentation, 1st Place Award in Environmental Category.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Wells, J. 2019. Geospatial Technologies to Study Climate Change and its impact on Wildfires: Butte County, California Camp Fire, November 8, 2018. HBCU Climate Change Conference, New Orleans, November 13-16, 2019. Poster Presentation.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Greenfield, T. 2019. Climate Change its Impact on California Wildfires: A Spatial Analysis of Factors Contributing to Social Vulnerability. HBCU Climate Change Conference, New Orleans, November 13-16, 2019. Poster Presentation.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Jackson, L. 2019. Studies on Water Quality Monitoring and E. coli in Appomattox River during Different Seasons. HBCU Climate Change Conference, New Orleans, November 13-16, 2019. Poster Presentation.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: McMillan, T, Spann, A., Sriharan S. Nelson, S., Ozbay. G. 2019. Studies on Land Cover in Butte County, California as a result of Camp Fire. Delaware State University Summer Research Symposium, Dover, July 25, 2019. Poster Presentation. Recipient of Best Poster Presentation Award in Environmental Category.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Logan, D., Georges, E., Nelson, S., and Sriharan, S. 2019. Comparison of Classification Operations in the Land Cover Assessment of Virginia State Universitys Randolph Farm, Petersburg, Virginia, NSF-supported Conference, Emerging Researchers National Conference, Washington, D.C. Poster Presentation.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Georges, E., Logan, D., Austin, A., and Sriharan, S. 2019. Climate Change and its Effects on Virginias Weather, Wildlife, Food Production, and Water Supplies, NSF HBCU UP Undergraduate Research Symposium, Virginia State University, Petersburg, Virginia. Poster Presentation.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Sriharan, S., Logan, D., Austin, A., and Meekins, D. 2019. Case Study: California Wildfires: Effects on the Communities within the High Risk Vulnerable Areas, URISA GIS-Pro Conference, New Orleans. Poster Presentation.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Sriharan, S., Meekins, D. Georges, E., Logan, D., Jackson, L, and Nelson, S. 2019. Water Quality Studies at Appomattox River Watershed in Virginia: Importance of Urban Trees in Reducing Storm Water, Global Water Future, 2nd Annual Science Meeting, University of Saskatoon, Canada, May 15-17, 2019. Poster Presentation.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Dong Hee Kang, Kelton L. Clark, James G. Hunter, Chunlei Fan, Anastasia E. M. Chirnside, Andrew Z. Farkas, Mark M. Bundy. 2019. Evaluation of recycled concrete aggregate for oyster aquaculture. World Environmental & Water Resources Congress 2019. Pittsburgh, PA. May 19-23. Oral Presentation.
• Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Anjuli Bhandari. 2019. Synthesis of SERS and Fluorescence Sensors Useful in Detection of R6G and Ionic Phosphate Respectively. Ph.D. Dissertation, Applied Chemistry Program. Delaware State University, Dover, DE, USA. pp. 153.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Ozbay G and Babu BK. 2019. Monitoring Drug Residues and Heavy Metals Contaminants in Retail Catfish Fillets. Aquaculture 2019 Meeting, New Orleans, LA, March 7-11, 2019. Invited Oral Presentation.
• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Ozbay G. 2019. Venerable Clam Award Recipient, Atlantic Estuarine Research Society (AERS) Meeting, Woodbridge, VA from April 4-6, 2019. Invited Guest for Award.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Ozbay G. 2019. Monitoring Total Bacteria and Vibrionaceae in Eastern Oysters Crassostrea virginica Exposed to Various Water Quality Stresses. ARD Research Symposium, Jacksonville, FL. March 30  April 3, 2019. Invited Session Oral Presentation.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Ozbay G, Sriharan S, Fan C, Chintapenta K, Kalavacharla V, Alvarez M and and Jiru M. 2019. Multi-Institutional Student Experiential Learning with Outreach Training on Water, Climate, Food Security, and Sustainable Agriculture. 1890 ARD Research Symposium, Jacksonville, FL. March 29 - April 3, 2019. Oral Presentation.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Galvez B, Ozbay G, Smith S. 2019. Trophic Ecology of Juvenile Weakfish (Cynoscion regalis) in the Delaware Bay Using Stomach Content and Stable Isotope Analysis. 1890 ARD Research Symposium, Jacksonville, FL. March 29 - April 3, 2019. Oral Presentation. Recipient of Best Oral Presentation, 1st Place Award in Environmental Stewardship Category.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Gadde M, Moore M, Chintapenta K and Ozbay G. 2019. Utilization of Diatom Species to Address Water Quality in Blackbird Creek, Delaware.1890 ARD Research Symposium, Jacksonville, FL. March 29 - April 3, 2019. Oral Presentation.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Veeria J, Chintapenta K, Crampton M, Sripathi V, Kalavacharla V and Ozbay G. 2019. RNA-Seq-Based Transcriptome Analysis to Study Differentially Expressed Salt-Tolerant Genes in Spartina alterniflora and Phragmites australis. 1890 ARD Research Symposium, Jacksonville, FL. March 29 - April 3, 2019. Oral Presentation.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Eyong C, Aryee A, Besong S and Ozbay G. 2019. Supplementation of Tilapia Fish Meal with Njangsang Seed to Increase Omega-3 Fatty Acid Content. 1890 ARD Research Symposium, Jacksonville, FL. March 29 - April 3, 2019. Poster Presentation.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Ozbay G, Sriharan S, Fan C and Meekins D. 2019. High School Teachers' Training Workshop on Water Resources and Climate Education. College of Agriculture, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA. April 4, 2019. Primary Trainer of Workshop.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Ozbay G, Gadde M and Nakazwe M. 2019. Oysters As Ecosystem Engineers Whether It is Aquaculture or Restoration. Delaware Shellfish Growers Stakeholder Meeting, University of Delaware, Lewes, DDE. March 21, 2019. Invited Speaker.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Sarah La Torre, Bob Collins, Gulnihal Ozbay. 2019. The Medical Benefits and Risks of Aquaculture in the Inland Bays. Delaware State University Summer Research Symposium, Dover, DE. Poster Presentation.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Emilee Milton, Bob Collins, Gulnihal Ozbay. 2019. Exploring Biodiversity within the James Farm Ecological Preserve. Delaware State University Summer Research Symposium, Dover, DE. Poster Presentation.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Elisha Bunch, Andrew McGowan, Gulnihal Ozbay. 2019. Utilization of SEAMS to Conduct Fish Surveys in the Delaware Inland Bays. Delaware State University Summer Research Symposium, Dover, DE. Poster Presentation.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Kayla Sharboneau, Colton Williamson, Najid Hussain, Wei-Jun Cai, Gulnihal Ozbay. 2019. Methodology of Alkalinity for Incubation and Small-Volume Sampling. Delaware State University Summer Research Symposium, Dover, DE. Poster Presentation. Recipient of Best Poster Award in Chemistry Category.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Kayla Pettiford, Tyler Niblett, Jasmine Harris, Francess Blake, Alberta Aryee, Kwame Matthews. 2019. Efficacy of Pumpkin Skin Extract on Haemonchus contortus Third Stage Larva. Delaware State University Summer Research Symposium, Dover, DE. Poster Presentation.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Nikelene Mclean, Richard Lacouture, Chunlei Fan. 2019. Long-Term Population Dynamics of the Atlantic Bay Nettle Chrysaora chesapeakei in the Patuxent River and Adjacent Creeks. Delaware State University Summer Research Symposium, Dover, DE. Poster Presentation.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Alyssa Spann, Tajah McMillan, Kayla Pettiford, Elisha Bunch, Stacy Nelson, Shobha Sriharan, Gulnihal Ozbay. 2019. Comparison of Air Quality and Land Cover in Belize. Delaware State University Summer Research Symposium, Dover, DE. Poster Presentation.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Lily McIntosh, Gulnihal Ozbay, Cynthia Hong-Wa. 2019. An Ethnobotanical Study of Medicinal Plants in Delaware. Delaware State University Summer Research Symposium, Dover, DE. Poster Presentation.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: George Guo, Davindra Muthusami, Fedrica Williams, Daniela Rivera, Kishaun Bethea, Antonette Todd, Rita Hayford, Venu Kalavacharla. 2019. The Effect of Salt Stress on Pinto Beans. Delaware State University Summer Research Symposium, Dover, DE. Poster Presentation.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Tonimarie Ruggiero, Dennis McIntosh. 2019. Acclimating Fish to a New Environment. Delaware State University Summer Research Symposium, Dover, DE. Poster Presentation.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Sadie Harris, Tyler Niblett, Jasmine Harris, Francess Blake, Gulnihal Ozbay, Alberta Aryee, Kwame Matthews. 2019. Preliminary Effects of Pumpkin Seed and Flesh Combination Extract on Third Stage Haemonchus contortus Larvae. Delaware State University Summer Research Symposium, Dover, DE. Poster Presentation.

Progress 05/01/18 to 04/30/19

Outputs
Target Audience:Primary target audiences of this project includes: 1- Undergraduate students enrolled in various courses listed in this project as being supported (i.e. Introduction to Environmental Sciences, Basic GIS application, Climate Science, Ecology) - Total of 90 students enrolled in those courses at various campuses (DSU, VSU, MSU, Coppin State U). Some of these courses are requirement for some of the students as their major or capstone requirement for their graduation. 2 - Undergraduate outreach & research interns. Total of 11 students (9 as undergraduate and 2 as graduate students) participated to the Study Abroad Student Experiential Learning Program in Belize. Those students on their return from Belize, are required to complete 7 weeks internship in PI,Co-PIs and non-funded collaborators laboratories. Students' research include various research topics in Agriculture and Conservation. Additional 1 interns were also funded during the academic year to help with Aquaculture and Water Quality projects. Both undergraduate students presented their research during the Universitywide Research Day, April 12, 2019. Research technician is conucting a research project focusing on fish meals choice of ethic plant (Njangsa seeds) as an ingredients to replace fish meal in fish diet to reduce the cost and optimize omega 3 fatty acids contents. Other two interns in VSU and 1 in MSU have been involved in various GIS and Remote Sensing related works, primarily looking at the jellyfish population in Choptank River, MD. Students in VSU involved in resarch project focusing on water quality and other environmental testing. Those students assisted as TAs to enhance their teaching experiences and assisted the project director with various program tasks including course contents. Dr. Ozbay provided Climate Change Science class laboratory hands-on trainig to VSU PI and other TAs assisting the project director. 3 - Study Abroad Student Experiential Learning in Belize. This program is designed in such a way that students learn from and interact with local people, learn about their foods, agriculture, tradition, culture, living vision, climate change vision etc. Total of 11 students, of which are 9 undergraduate students and 2 graduate students attended 2 weeks Student Experiential Program in Belize with PI. Students interacted with locals and other program students (i.e. T.R.E.E.S Wildlife Refuge in Belize) and Galen University Environmental Science Class, total of 40 Galen students participated in Water and Soil Quality Workshop coordinated by Drs. Ozbay and Williams (Galen University Professor). Additional air quality measurements are taken by the students from VSU and DSU. Students are using the data collected during the visit to Galen University and during the entire program for air quality team. All undergraduate students are requesting their experience in Belize to be provided as a credit for their Independent Study class at their own institutions. PI Ozbay is working with other programs to provide them information they need in order those students to receive their 2-3 credits. Those students along with other two interns are working on their abstracts for poster presentation for the DSU Universitty Research Day on Friday, July 26, 2019. 4 - Outreach activities focus on youth and high school teachers' training and high school research and outreach internships. Total of three workshops were provided for the total of $35 teachers during the program timeline. Total of 12 high school teachers attended the workshop conducted by VSU Co-PI and PI during the spring break of 2019 for the students and teachers. Three-days workshop included various climate change presentation, computer simulated interactive contents, hands-on laboratory contents for their classes at their high schools, basic GIS training to help the teachers learn how to display their data on the map and how to interpret data on the map given to them, i.e. how to read sea level rise maps and provide quantitative output of changes, economic vulnerbility of population. Currently, total of 6 high school interns are getting training in various research labs of their choices based on their experiences (i.. animal science lab, aquaculture lab, neuro-science lab, DSU herbarium, soil testing lab). Summer Earth Science and Ag youth camp is planned for the end of July and its outcome will be reported during the next funding cycle. Total of about 30 youth are anticipated to participate in this program. Changes/Problems:There are no major issues and modifications were made in the project. One particular adjustment is related to the overall cost for study abroad trip because it increases. Another issue seems to be with the timing of the Student Experiential Program in Belize. Timing needs to be for the first part of June to accommodate the students/CELA in Belize as a host/ and faculty. This is about the same timeline of our reporting and it gets confusing which timeline those activities need to be included since the program activities starts few months before the original activity dates. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Students taking our courses had extensive hands-on learning opportunities. Each class is designed in such a way that the materials are learned by coupling in class discussion with the hands-on lab exercise, problem based learning, seminar and case studies discussion groups. Students participating in Study Abroad Program had very comprehensive professional development opportunities. First, their internship experience in Belize enhanced their understanding of ag and natural resources in a global scale. Second, their improvement in the research projects in Belize also enhanced their understanding on environmental issues, food security and agricultural development and planning. Third, follow-up internships as teams after they return from Belize have helped them work with some of the resource managers in the state and involve in variuos emerging needs for the bays such as building the oyster reefs to help the bay restore its water quality and species diversity, learning about GIS to display data in more meaningful way...etc. 4-weeks high school internships have been a rewarding experiences for the youth to learn skills, critical thinking and communication skills. As a required activity, all interns learned to write their own abstracts and followed up with the edits and prepare their posters. They have learned to plan, collect and analyze data for their project and later learned to display their data in a more attractive and meaningful way. During the Summer Camps, Youth have had opportunities to interact with the cooperative extension scientists and experts and learned about various agricultural commodoties and natural resources conservation practices by DNREC state agents. Youth are given tasks to work in teams to answer the questions and/or display their experiences as a art form. All the field trips have provided eye opening experiences for them since some of the students have not been those parts of the state in their lives and learn about coastal Delaware, tourism, agricultural products etc. there. High school teachers have given tremendous opportunities to learn how to collect, analyze and interpret the reliable climate change data and how to display their data in a meaningful way for their students. Those high school teachers are empowered by the educational items provided to them. They have learned the basic contents of the climate education and they are feeling more comfortable checking out those hands-on materials provided to them. Teachers were able to receive "Distance Education Credit' for their involvement in our workshops that have helped significantly as part of their program requirements. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Program activities and outcomes have been disseminated in various ways to share its success with the stakeholders, students, teachers, faculty, staff and other communities : 1 - Workshop flyer and agenda for the activities are developed for the high shool teachers. Those agenda items become quite helpful to the teachers as they organize their thought process for which ones they will be able to utilize for their courses first hand. 2 - Flyer and agenda for the Summer Earth Science and Ag Camp for Youth are also developed and necessary arrangements and partinerships were made for those activities. 3 - Student Experiential Learning Program Flyer and Agenda have been developed and revised every year to improve the program outcomes and enhance the students' experiences study abroad. Very structured internship following their study abroad experiences during their internships yield successful outcomes via published abstracts and poster presentations. Some of the students have received awards for their presentations. 4 - High school interns have had opportunities to work with their mentors to develop a research plan, make their instrumentation and methods list, learn the technique and instrumentation to collect their data and learn to analyze them and work on their abstracts. They are also learning to prepare a poster and present during the Summer Research Symposium. 5 - Overall program activities and its outcomes were presented during the various meetings and conferences. Those presentations were well-attended and provided resources for new faculty to develop their own proposals. Some of the meetings we presented our program activities include: USDA Project Director's Conference, ARD Conference, HBCU-UP Faculty Network Meeting, Atlantic Estuarine Society Meeting ...etc. Students also had opportunities to present their research experience in USDA funded project during the ERN Conference, Aquaculture America...etc. 6 - Climate Science laboratory manual is disseminated by PI, Ozbay and former teacher, Mrs. Laurieann Phalen for the overall program participants and shared with the teachers and other faculty. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We will continue offering the activities listed in our report for the first two years of the project timeline. However, the program activities have been improving as we move forward in our program. Receiving evaluation and feedbacks from the participating students and faculty, and other program participants have been quite helpful with our improvement and progress in the program. We used both quantitative and qualitative assessments to record our progress and accomplishments. There are several improvements have been done in the project and will be used for the remaining timeline in this program. We were able to successfully partnered with the students and faculty from Belize (i.e. Galen University and University of Belize) to start soil monitoring program in and around agricultural field and watersheds near Galen University in San Ignacio, Belize. We were able to coordinate a workshop with the faculty and Dean at Galen University with the assistance of CELA Director, Dr. Nancy Adamson to have a day-long water and soil quality training for the students. Currently, two interns are participating from Galen University as a long-term intern to continue monitoring water quality and preparing soils to be tested in Delaware. Our goal forward in this program includes having a long term monitoring and prepare a manuscript collaboratively with the partners in Belize. We are also considering having two part-time interns from Belize to help us complete some of the tasks regarding soil preparation after we come back from Belize. We established a strong partnership with the Center for the Inland Bays and successfully secured funding from the state to establish an oyster reefs this summer. Students from this program will have opportunity to study and monitor first hand benefits of oyster reefs in the area. They will be doing water quality, taking sediment core to study benthic organisms, taking phytoplankton and zooplankton samples, also sampling for fishes in and around the reefs. Students will be able to involve in research planning, data collection, data analysis, data assessment and discussions. Via their internships, we are covering four major competency of the students' experiential learning: Critical Thinking, Communication, Writing and Reading, and Information Literacy Core Competencies.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Under the four major objectives, the program has the following summary of accomplishments (detail accomplishment section is disucssed in the initial section of the report). 1 - Curriculum Development - Using case studies, field experiences, interactive classroom tools, and international experience with significant numbers of underrepresented minority students, we provided hands-on centered interactive learning opportunities to the students. We designed and modified curricula and instructional materials with enhanced laboratory and hands-on activities that will enhance student learning and their motivation. Following activities were completed: Project Directors and Co-Directors met last spring to discuss the courses being offered for the program. New climate science education laboratory manual is developed by PI and shared with other Co-PIs and collaborators for their in-class uses. Teachers' workshops curriculum developed using the similar information for the laboratroy hands-on contents for the courses in our respective campuses but much relevant version to the teachers. 2 - Internships & Student Experiential Learning - We provided experiential learning opportunities to students by training them on water quality and soil health assessment techniques, research based field trips to local and regional wetlands and estuaries to explore environmental health along with international field class to have a global perspective on climate change driven environmental issues. This was mainly achieved having 19 undergraduate and 3 graduate students involved in Study Abroad Program in Belize and having participating students to conduct 7 weeks internships in various Ag and Natural Resources research areas. Total of 9 high school students were provided 4-weeks internship in various research discpline in STEM areas. 3 - Summer Camps and Workshops - We provided hands-on interactive training to precollege students and youth in STEM disciplines via high school internships and summer camps Undergraduate and high school interns trained through experiential learning will assist as mentors during a 1-week summer camp for middle school students (youth). Over 45 youth participated in the first year's Ag and Earth Science summer camp. Next one is scheduled by the end of July and we anticipate having about 30-35 students. We made an adjustment in age group to avoid some issues we experienced between younger and older students last year. Workshop this year geared towards more younger students. 4 - Teachers' Workshops - We provided three climate change workshops for middle and high school teachers from science/agriculture and biotechnology areas. All three workshops were coordinated on VSU campus and lead by primary PI, Ozbay. Total of 35 teachers participated in those workshops. First two workshops were hosted during the spring 2018 and third workshop was hosted during the spring 2019. Each workshop was coordinated as a 3-days workshop to provide necessary hands-on training and field monitoring experiences for the teachers on water quality, soil quality, atmospheric, plants and biodiversity related topics.

Publications

• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Sri Kaja B, Lumor S, Besong S, Taylor B and Ozbay G. 2018. Investigating enzyme activity of Immobilized Candida rugosa Lipase. Journal of Food Quality (21):1-9. DOI: 10.1155/2018/1618085
• Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Blog Publication by Fuoco M, Jaisi D and Ozbay G. 2018. Small but Mighty: Oyster Aquaculture as a Tool to Improve Ecosystem Health: The Eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) is a keystone species in Atlantic estuarine ecosystems. Northeast Climate HUB Newsletter. 9 May 2018. https://www.climatehubs.oce.usda.gov/hubs/northeast/news/small-mighty-oyster-aquaculture-tool-improve-ecosystem-health
• Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Video Publication by Hasan A and Ozbay G. 2018. Northeast Climate HUB Conference, March 14-15, 2018, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ. https://www.climatehubs.oce.usda.gov/hubs/northeast/project/2018-partners-meeting
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Gadde M, Carter DL, Moore M, Chintapenta KL, Ozbay G. 2019. Using a SMZ-18 Zoom Stereomicroscope and Scanning Electron Microscope for Identification and Abundance of Diatom Species from Blackbird Creek. Atlantic Estuarine Research Society (AERS) Spring Meeting, George Mason University, Woodbridge, VA. April 4-6, 2019.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Ozbay G. 2019. Monitoring Total Bacteria and Vibrionaceae in Eastern Oysters Crassostrea virginica Exposed to Various Water Quality Stresses. ARD Research Symposium, Jacksonville, FL. March 30  April 3, 2019. 3.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Veeria J, Chintapenta LK, Dworkin M, Sripathi V, Ozbay G, and Kalavacharla V. 2019. RNA-Seq-Based Transcriptome Analysis to Study Differentially Expressed Salt Tolerant Genes in Spartina alterniflora and Phragmites australis. ARD Research Symposium, Jacksonville, FL. March 30  April 3, 2019.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Ozbay G et al. 2019. Multi-Institutional Student Experiential Learning with Outreach Training on Water, Climate, Food Security and Sustainable Agriculture. ARD Research Symposium, Jacksonville, FL. March 30  April 3, 2019.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Ozbay G and Babu B. 2019. Monitoring Drug Residues and Heavy Metals Contaminants in Retail Catfish Fillets. Aquaculture America 2019 Meeting. New Orleans, LA. March 7-10, 2019.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Ozbay G, Stone M, Jescovitch L, Jaisi D. 2018. Stable Isotope Analysis for Understanding Feeding Habits of Blue Crab, Callinectes sapidus. Atlantic Estuarine Research Society (AERS) Fall Meeting 2018. Stockton University, Galloway, NJ. October 11-13, 2018.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Veeria J, Chintapenta LK, Dworkin M, Sripathi V, Ozbay G, and Kalavacharla V. 2018. RNA-Seq-Based Transcriptome Analysis to Study Differentially Expressed Salt-Tolerant Genes in Spartina alterniflora and Phragmites australis. Atlantic Estuarine Research Society (AERS) Fall Meeting 2018. Stockton University, Galloway, NJ. October 11-13, 2018.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Galvez B, Ozbay G, Smith S. 2019. Trophic Ecology of Juvenile Weakfish (Cynoscion regalis) in the Delaware Bay Using Stomach Content and Stable Isotope Analyses. ARD Research Symposium, Jacksonville, FL. March 30  April 3, 2019. 1st Place Oral Presentation Award.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Gadde M, Carter DL, Moore M, Chintapenta KL, Ozbay G. 2019. Utilization of Diatom Species to Address Water Quality in Blackbird Creek, Delaware. ARD Research Symposium, Jacksonville, FL. March 30  April 3, 2019.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Eyong C, Besong S, Aryee A, Ozbay G. 2019. Preliminary Results on Supplementation of Tilapia Fish Meal with Njansang Seed to Increase Omega 3 Fatty Acids Content. ARD Research Symposium, Jacksonville, FL. March 30  April 3, 2019.

Progress 05/01/17 to 04/30/18

Outputs
Target Audience:Our target audiences included 16 undergraduate students from Delaware State University, Virginia State University, Morgan State University, Coppin State University, Wesley College and Delaware Technical and Community College; 3 high school students from the local high schools in Delaware and 15 teachers from Virgina middle and high schools and 42 youth with ages of 9 through 14 along with 2 teachers, 2 youth and 1 undergraduate and 1 graduate students as mentors to the youth in Delaware. Internship students attended 2 weeks study abroad experiential learningand training in Belize after they had taken Earth Science/Environmental/Climate Change/Sustainability related classes at their respective institutions. Following completion of their study abroad experience in Belize, they completed their internships in the respective labs and environmental centersworking on research projects focusing on natural resources and conservation, water quality, fisheries and sustainable agriculture. Each partnering institution established hands-on laboratrory activities for their courses which followed the hands-on activites applied previouslyby Delaware State University. Teachers' workshops at Virginia State University provided opportunities for the project director and co-directors to prepare hands-on activities for the teachers to use in their existing courses and easily adapt to those activities to enhance their student learning. Teachers received the professional development hours for their participation in our workshop. Summer Youth Camp on Earth Science and Ag is currently ongoing and has been planned to provide a wide scope of information focusing on sustainable agriculture, animal farming, water quality, climate change, crop growth and conservation efforts to 42 youth of ages 9 through 14. Changes/Problems:There are no major changes or problems in our approach and activities. For the most part, everything is moving forward as we planned. One potential obstaclefor us is for our budgets are shutdown for over a month because of the budget fiscal review. This shut down is basically during the first month of the intern students starting in our labs. We have some issues getting some of our research purchases, travels and student internship stipends timely for us to complete the projects' tasks. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Under each objective, those training and professional development opportunities are provided to the undergraduate students in the classes, undergraduate students during their study abroad training in Belize, undergraduate students during their training for their internships, high school students research opportunities, youth via summer Earth Science and Ag camp as discussed in the previous section, and teachers via two teachers workshops as disccused in the previous section. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?We have developed plans to implement activites determined prior to starting up the activities. Flyers and agenda are coordinated with Belize team and students' feedback on their experiences in Belize arecollected. Publications and conference presentations are some of the important modesto disseminate the program outcomes and focus on the communities of interest. We are hopeful that summer camp provides an opportunity to be more involved with the public. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We would like to continue providing activities and our services to undergrduate students, high school students, youth with age range of 9 through 14 and teachers training on climte change. We will offer student experiential learning opportunities via study abroad program in Belize, internship in respective institutions and collaborating labs, high school students and youth. Teachers' workshops will be offered on DSU campus and professional credit hours will be provided to the teachers. Basically we will conitnue to follow through those four objectives we described in our program.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? We have accomplished our goals under four major objectives in this program: Objective 1:Curricula Design and Materials Development: We improved the course capabilities and contents by integrating and establishinglaboratory sections and offering to the students for the following courses: AtDelaware State University - Climatology (NTRS 30-303-01) &Introduction to Environmental Science (NTRS 30-103-01); At Virginia State University -Climate Change and Adaptation Science (AGRI 350),Contemporary Global Studies (AGRI 295) & Introduction to Remote Sensing (AGRI 290); and At Morgan State University -Introduction to Environmental Science (BIOL 203) & Marine Science(BIOL 603). Objective 2:Student Experiential Learning: We offered 2 weeks long study abroad student experiential learning opportunities to 9 undergraduate and 1 graduate students in Belize. We also provided 6-8 weeks long summer research opportunities to 9 interns participated in study abroad program and also additional 4 undergraduate interns. All the students completed their internship projects and presented during Delaware State University Summer Research Symposium on July 26, 2018. Objective 3:Precollege Students and Youth Development in STEM Disciplines: For this objective, we provided summer internship opportunities for 1 month to 3students from local high schools. Those students also presented a month long research experiences duringDelaware State University Summer Research Symposium on July 26, 2018. Currently, we are hosting summer Earth Science and Ag camp to youth with ages of 9 through 14 to provide training to the participating youth on sustainable agriculture, environmental quality, climate change, water quality, land uses, wetlands, conservation, soil quality and many others. Obective 4:Climate Change Teachers' Workshop: We offered two teachers workshops at Virginia State University (1st workshop was conducted in April 3-4, 2018 and this workshop focused on water quality, drinking water quality, storm water, watershed; 2nd workshop was conducted on July 20-21, 2018 and this workshop focused on GIS application for data display on environmental quality, mainly air and water quality, laboratory hands-on activities adapted from DSU Climatology class lab. We had totall of 27 teachers participated in our workshops (12 teachers during the 1st workshop and 15 teachers during the 2nd workshop). Project director and her lab staff provided laboratory hands-on training to Co-PI Sriharan and teaching assistants to help them establish labs for the courses they are teaching. 1st workshop was offered to VSU teaching team on January 12-13, 2018 on DSU campus and 2nd workshop was offered to VSU teaching team on March 29-30, 2018.

Publications

• Type: Book Chapters Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2018 Citation: Ozbay G and Smith S. 2018. Are Aquaculture Practices Sustaining Our Goal to Restore Oysters (Crassostrea virginica)? In Book: Aquaculture - Plants and Invertebrates (Editor: Genaro Diarte-Plata). In Tech Open Publisher, Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Ozbay G, Chintapenta LK, Lingham T, Lumor S, Lee J, Taylor B, Sriharan S and Besong S. 2018. Delaware Inland Bays and Market Oyster (Crassostrea virginica) Quality for Consumption. Journal of Food Quality. Article ID 8765149, 17 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/8765149
• Type: Book Chapters Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: 2. Ozbay G, Fan C and Yang Z. 2017. Relationship between Land Use and Water Quality and Its Assessment Using Hyperspectral Remote Sensing in Mid-Atlantic Estuaries In Book: Water Quality (Editors: Tutu H and Grover BPC) In Tech Open Publisher, Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia. ISBN 978-953-51-2881-6. Chapter 9: 169-222.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Ozbay G, Sriharan S, Fan C, Chintapenta K, Kalavacharla V, Alvarez M and Jiru M. Multi-Institutional Student Experiential Learning with Outreach Training on Water, Climate, Food Security, and Sustainable Agriculture. USDA NIFA Capacity Building Grant Project Directors' Conference. USDA-NIFA Waterfront Building, Washington D.C. July 10-11, 2018. Poster Presentation.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Assessing Eastern Oyster Crassostrea virginica Growth and Sustainability and Performance of Aquaculture Gear in the Delaware Inland Bays. Atlantic Estuarine Research Society Spring 2018 Meeting, Rehoboth, DE April 5-7, 2018. Poster Presentation.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Chintapenta LK, Coyne KJ, Pappas A, Lee K, Dixon C, Kalavacharla V and Ozbay G. Diversity of Diatom Communities in Delaware Tidal Wetland and Their Relationship to Water Quality. Frontiers in Environmental Science. 02 July 2018. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2018.00057
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Ozbay G, Borsum S, Fuoco M, McKenzie-Reynolds P, Phalen L, Chintapenta LK and Jescovitch L. Public Outreach Activities on Wetlands and Estuaries. Atlantic Estuarine Research Society Spring 2018 Meeting, Rehoboth, DE April 5-7, 2018. Poster Presentation.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Borsum S and Ozbay G. Long-term variation in physical water quality parameters in relation to spring and neap tidal cycles.Atlantic Estuarine Research Society Spring 2018 Meeting, Rehoboth, DE April 5-7, 2018. Poster Presentation.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Ozbay G, Stone M, Roeske K, Phalen L and Chintapenta LK. Proof of Management Success in an Agriculturally-Impacted Delaware Estuary. National Capitol Region Water Resources Symposium, University of the District Columbia, Washington D.C. April 6, 2018.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Stone M and Ozbay G. Bi-directional waterway reveals nutrient runoff from cropland.National Capitol Region Water Resources Symposium, University of the District Columbia, Washington D.C. April 6, 2018.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Ozbay G. Monitoring Total Bacteria and Vibrionaxeae in Eastern Oysters Crassostrea virginica�Exposed to Various Water Quality Stresses. Aquaculture America 2018 Meeting, Las Vegas, NV February 19-22, 2018.
• Type: Other Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2018 Citation: Ozbay G, Reckenbeil B, Phalen L and Stone M. 2018. Remote Set Practices in Delaware Oyster Gardening Program: Oyster (Crassostrea virginica) Larval Set Efficiency, Survival Rate, and Feasibility of Gear Type. Global Aquaculture Advocate.
• Type: Other Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2018 Citation: Deksissa T, Ozbay G, Sriharan S and James N. Socio-Environmental Impact of Drinking Water Contamination: Toxic contaminants in Our Tap Water. SESYNC Case Study Publication. In Print.
• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Austin S and Ozbay G. Impacts of GMOs on the Environment and Human Health. AWMA Quarterly Publication.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Phinnessee J and Ozbay G. Oyster Set Assessment in the Delaware Bay. Delaware State University Summer Research Symposium, Dover DE, July 26, 2018.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Andrews R, Spice V, Collins B, Walch M and Ozbay G. Restoration and Reforestation of the Bullseye-Ferry and Angola Neck Preserves. Delaware State University Summer Research Symposium, Dover DE, July 26, 2018.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Edwards T. Chintapenta LK and Ozbay G. Microscopic Identification of Benthic diatom Communities and Their Distribution in Blackbird Creek, Delaware. Delaware State University Summer Research Symposium, Dover DE, July 26, 2018.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Georges E, Jackson L, Logan D, Nelson SAC and Sriharan S. Comparison of Classification Operations in the Land cover Assessment of Virginia State University's Randolph Farm, Petersburg, VA. Delaware State University Summer Research Symposium, Dover DE, July 26, 2018.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Mary Besong M, Ingram D, Chintapenta LK, Aryee A and Ozbay G. The Viability of Yogurt Probiotics During in Vitro Digestion. Delaware State University Summer Research Symposium, Dover DE, July 26, 2018.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Uche E, Chintapenta LK, Marcano A and Ozbay G. Qualitative Analysis of Microbial Communities in the Tidal Wetland: How the Communities are Changing Spatially and Temporally? Delaware State University Summer Research Symposium, Dover DE, July 26, 2018.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Truong H, Myer J, Phinnessee J and Ozbay G. Chlorella autotrophica Growth Under Various Photoperiods Mimicking the Seasonal Photoperiods in Temperate Regions. Delaware State University Summer Research Symposium, Dover DE, July 26, 2018.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Jackson L, Georges E, Phinnessee J, Borsum S, Logan D, Sriharan S and Ozbay G. Study Abroad Student Experiential Learning at the Center for Engaged Learning Abroad (CELA) Belize: Assessment of Water Quality and Air Quality of the Various Locations in Belize. Delaware State University Summer Research Symposium, Dover DE, July 26, 2018.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Keller N, Collins B, Walch M and Ozbay G. Experiential Learning of Oyster Gardening within Delaware Inland Bays. Delaware State University Summer Research Symposium, Dover DE, July 26, 2018.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Truong K and Lee J. Analysis of Soil Bacteria with and without Poultry Litter. Delaware State University Summer Research Symposium, Dover DE, July 26, 2018.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Colbert T. Jiru M. A Water Quality Analysis of Baltimore's Watersheds. Delaware State University Summer Research Symposium, Dover DE, July 26, 2018.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: KaRodriguez K, Collins B, Walch M and Ozbay G. Outreach Training Focusing on the Importance of James Ecological Preserve in Sussex County. Delaware State University Summer Research Symposium, Dover DE, July 26, 2018.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Hasan A and Ozbay G. Developing Video Archive of the Northeast Climate HUB Conference Presentations for Extension Agents and Farmers. Delaware State University Summer Research Symposium, Dover DE, July 26, 2018.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: McPhillips E, Shahrestani S and Fan C. Impact of Salinity on Population Dynamics of Atlantic Sea Nettle (Chrysaora quinquecirrha) in the Patuxent River and Adjunct Creeks. Delaware State University Summer Research Symposium, Dover DE, July 26, 2018.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Ingram D, Besong M, Aryee A, Chintapenta LK and Ozbay G. Assessment of Viability of Probiotic Bacteria (Lactobacillus acidophilus) in Yogurt During Storage. Delaware State University Summer Research Symposium, Dover DE, July 26, 2018.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Knight M, Osena A and Hankoua B. Molecular Characterization of Transgenic Switchgrass Expressing a Mesophilic Bacterial Lignin Peroxidase. Delaware State University Summer Research Symposium, Dover DE, July 26, 2018.