AGRICULTURAL WATER SECURITY THROUGH SUSTAINABLE USE OF THE FLORIDAN AQUIFER: AN INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT OF ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

• Sponsoring Institution: National Institute of Food and Agriculture
• Project Status: COMPLETE
• Funding Source: AFRI COMPETITIVE GRANT
• Reporting Frequency: Annual
• Accession No.: 1011829
• Grant No.: 2017-68007-26319
• Cumulative Award Amt.: $4,918,922.00
• Proposal No.: 2016-10216
• Project Start Date: Jul 1, 2017
• Project End Date: Jun 30, 2024
• Grant Year: 2019
• Program Code: [A8101]- Water for Agriculture

Recipient Organization
UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA
G022 MCCARTY HALL
GAINESVILLE,FL 32611

Performing Department
(N/A)

Non Technical Summary
The Upper Floridan Aquifer (UFA) supports agricultural activities that generate over $7.5 billion annually. Competition among water users, and strict environmental regulations, threaten agricultural water security. The goal of this project is to ensure economic sustainability of agriculture and silviculture in N Florida and S Georgia while protecting water quantity, quality, and habitat in the UFA and the springs and rivers it feeds. To achieve this goal we will: 1) Build a comprehensive modeling platform within a Participatory Modeling Process to predict farm/forest- and regional-scale impacts of alternative land use and production practices on the water quantity, water quality, and economy of N Florida and S Georgia; 2) Integrate stakeholders' experience with scientific data and models to explore economic-environmental tradeoffs among alternative climate, land use, technology, BMP adoption and policy scenarios to understand changes needed to achieve agricultural water security and environmental protection; 3) Develop and deliver innovative Extension BMP demonstrations, digital decision toolkits and training programs for diverse stakeholders to bring about preferred changes in production systems and incentive programs. In addition we will train a transdisciplinary cohort of 8 graduate students and 5 post-doctoral researchers to address complex agricultural water issues.

Animal Health Component

50%

Research Effort Categories

Basic

50%

Applied

50%

Developmental

(N/A)

Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)	Subject of Investigation (SOI)	Field of Science (FOS)	Percent
112	0399	2050	10%
601	0611	3010	10%
102	0399	1000	10%
111	0210	2020	10%
123	0399	1020	10%
601	1510	3010	10%
605	0399	3010	10%
903	0399	3030	10%
803	0399	3080	10%
133	0210	2050	10%

Knowledge Area
601 - Economics of Agricultural Production and Farm Management; 133 - Pollution Prevention and Mitigation; 102 - Soil, Plant, Water, Nutrient Relationships; 803 - Sociological and Technological Change Affecting Individuals, Families, and Communities; 605 - Natural Resource and Environmental Economics; 112 - Watershed Protection and Management; 111 - Conservation and Efficient Use of Water; 903 - Communication, Education, and Information Delivery; 123 - Management and Sustainability of Forest Resources;

Subject Of Investigation
1510 - Corn; 0611 - Conifer forests of the South; 0210 - Water resources; 0399 - Watersheds and river basins, general;

Field Of Science
2020 - Engineering; 2050 - Hydrology; 1000 - Biochemistry and biophysics; 3010 - Economics; 3080 - Sociology; 1020 - Physiology; 3030 - Information and communication;

Keywords

agriculture

economics

environment

water

Goals / Objectives
The goal of this project is to ensure economic sustainability of agriculture and silviculture in N Florida and S Georgia while protecting water quantity, quality, and habitat in the UFA and the springs and rivers it feeds. We will achieve this goal by accomplishing the following objectives: Objective 1: Integrated Modeling Platform Development - Build a comprehensive modeling platform within a Participatory Modeling Process (PMP) to predict farm/forest-scale and regional-scale impacts of alternative land use and production practices on the water quantity, water quality, and economy of N Florida and S Georgia.Objective 2: Stakeholder Engagement and Social Science Research - Integrate stakeholders' experience with scientific data and models to explore economic-environmental tradeoffs among current and potential future climate, land use, technology, BMP adoption and policy scenarios to understand changes needed to achieve agricultural water security and environmental protection.Objective 3: Extension Demonstrations, Tools and Training - Develop and deliver innovative Extension BMP demonstrations, digital decision toolkits and training programs for diverse stakeholders to bring about preferred changes in production systems and incentive programs.

Project Methods
Develop an integrated modeling platform that couples biophysical, economic and land-use change models at the farm/forest- and regional-scale to simulate water quantity, water quality, land use and economic impacts of alternative scenarios.Conduct research to understand stakeholder perceptions of regulatory standards and financial incentive programs, landowners' willingness to adopt BMPs, public's willingness to pay for BMP adoption.Conduct a Participatory Modeling Process that integrates scientific and stakeholder knowledge to construct and evaluate environmental-economic tradeoffs of alternative incentives, land-use, BMP adoption, BMP effectiveness, environmental regulation, and climate scenarios.Document areas of stakeholders' agreement or conflict in evaluating tradeoffs of alternative scenarios. Assess purpose and quality of stakeholder participation, and changes in participant's perceptions and interactions as a result of their engagement in the PMP.Assess PMP participants' prior knowledge, attitudes, values and willingness to consider new changes to frame effective communication materials for non-PMP participants.Create and test communication tools that build trust in science, resonate with the strongly held values that underpin beliefs about agriculture and environmental protection, and motivate behavior change for non-PMP participants.Provide on-farm BMP demonstrations across a variety of soils and landscape conditions.Design and deliver digital decision tools for producers to improve management practices.Provide in-service training to Extension agents and crop consultants.Provide Water Schools for decision makers in the region

Progress 07/01/17 to 06/30/24

Outputs
Target Audience:Farmers, Foresters, Environmental Agency Personnel, Water Management Agency Personel, Non Governmental Organization Representatives, Private Industry Representatives, Extension Professionals, Researchers, Students. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Students and Post-Doctoral Associates: Opportunities for training and professional development included mentorship of four undergraduate students, twenty-one graduate students, and five post-doctoral associates. Training included model use and development (SWAT, SWAT-MODFLOW, MODPATH, RT3D, DSSAT CSM-CROPGRO, @Risk, Simetar©, IMPLAN), field data collection and analysis, statistical methods and data management, econometric methods, optimization-based models, choice modeling, remote sensing, qualitative data collection and processing, focus group implementation,survey design, design and implementation of extension programming, manuscript writing, and delivery of effective oral and poster presentations at project meetings and state/national/international professional meetings. Students and postdocs developed skills and gained experience in conducting interdisciplinary, integrative, and collaborative science. As part of the Participatory Modeling Process (PMP), they also gained experience in communicating with non-academic audiences, enabling them to develop better communication skills for broad audiences and providing them an opportunity to influence real-world outcomes. Project PMP and team members: The PMP process provided training for stakeholder members in modeling, water policy and planning, and water resource management research. PMP activities also provided opportunities of professional development for project team members through a highly integrated project in which team members must work across the many disciplines in the project and develop stakeholder outreach, collaboration, and engagement skills. Extension agents, conservation practitioners and farmers: 37 In Service Trainings on precision agricultural and irrigation, uses of advanced irrigation scheduling tools (apps and SMS) and BMPs for water quality and quantity were delivered to extension agents, crop consultants, agriculture industry service providers and producers. More than 50 on-farm demos and 125 other informal training sessions were conducted to show performance of BMPs across soils and landscape conditions. Two Water schools (one in FL in 2021 with 18 participants; one in GA in 2022 with 20 participants) helped empower communities to make more efficient consensus-based decisions about water management. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Website:A final projectwebsite was published (Floridanwater.research.ufl.edu) to communicate project key findingsto the general public and to provide a permanent archive for project documents and products. Publications: Thirty peer-reviewed publications were published and two are under review in the following journals: Agricultural Water Management, American Society for Horticultural Science, Canadian Journal of Forest Research, Ecological Economics, Environmental Communication, Environmental Pollution, Environmental Research Communications, Environmental Research Letters, Forests, Irrigation Science, Journal of Applied Communications, Journal of Environmental Management, Journal of Forestry, Journal of Hydrology, Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, Science of the Total Environment, Society & Natural Resources, Transactions American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, Water Resources and Economics.At least nine more peer review publications are in preparation. Sixteen extension publications werepublished. Finally, sixteen dissertations have resulted from this project, one additional dissertation will be completed in 2025. Databases: Six data sets have been made available to the public through data repositories, including: North Florida Research and Education Center; Harvard Dataverse, Ag Data Commons and Hydroshare. Two additional databases are under development for publication in Hydroshare. Professional and academic meetings: Over a hundred presentations of project findings were presented to 65 local, state, regional, national and international meetings and conferences. Stakeholders: The Participatory Modeling Process and the Project Advisory Committee provided outreach on a deep level to a set of highly engaged stakeholders. The project was also presented to the Santa Fe River Spring Forum, Georgia Chamber of Commerce, Georgia Regional Water Councils; Suwannee River Partnership Advisory Committee Meeting, Suwannee River Water Management District Governing Board meeting; Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Alachua County Environmental Protection Department, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, and The Nature Conservancy. Governmental agencies: The project goals and its preliminary results were presented to members of Congress and their staff during the Agricultural Research Congressional Exhibition (2019); to NIFA Director Scott Angle and US Representative Ted Yoho (2019); and to other researchers and NIFA staff during the USDA NIFA PD meeting (2018). Extension: Research findings have been disseminated to a wide range of audiences including farmers, allied ag industry reps, Extension agents and local decision makers through the project's Extension programs. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? IMPACT: BMP field experiments and farm/forest- and regional-scale models co-produced with stakeholders developed new knowledge to explore tradeoffs and synergies between the agricultural economy and environmental quality in the region and to understand changes needed to achieve agricultural water security and environmental protection. Reflexive monitoring helped guide the participatory modeling process. Results of stakeholder valuation research showed that development of new incentive programs to promote BMP and land use change adoption in support of agricultural water security and environmental protection is feasible if funds are available. Communication research produced new strategies for communications around water issues.Extension personnel developed tools and educational programs that improved agricultural and silvicultural producer decision-making. In 2024 a Floridastate agencyfunded a grant to continue the use of models co-developed in this project toquantify the environmental benefitsof new incentive programs being developed to encourage land use and water/nutrient management changes. BMP Field Experiments: BMP research in FL showed that use of irrigation apps and soil moisture sensors (SMS) reduced irrigation relative to calendar scheduling by 40-60% in corn, 14% in carrot, and 40% in peanut. Results also showed that N rates above 224 kg/ha do not significantly increase yield for corn or carrot when using apps and SMS to schedule irrigation. GA BMP research showed that use of SMS can reduce irrigation by 50-60% compared to calendar scheduling.In GA fertigation produced similar yields to traditional fertilization while using 17% less N. Participatory Modeling Process (PMP) and Scenario Analyses: 26 webinars and in-person PMP meetings were held, engaging 25 regional stakeholders and 11 project team members to co-develop farm/forest- and regional-scale economic-biophysical models. Priority cropping systems, a suite of farm/forest-scale management systems for each cropping system, and a series of alternative regional land use/land management scenarios were identified for each state. Co-interpretation of the model results produced shared understanding of the regional economic-biophysical systems and of model limitations and sensitivities in interpretation. Biophysical and Economic Farm/Forest-Scale Modeling: Farm/forest scale modeling estimated net recharge and N leaching to the Floridan aquifer and net producer returns for all priority cropping systems and management systems identified by stakeholders. These results provided the foundation for identifying land uses and water and nutrient management scenarios for the regional models. Biophysical and Economic Regional-Scale Modeling: 9 regional scenarios were developed for FL and 7 for GA. In FL land use change from irrigated agriculture and production forestry to low-density longleaf pine showed the best potential to increase flow and decrease N concentrations in springs and rivers but had the largest negative impact on the regional economy. Urban and agricultural expansion had the largest positive impact on the regional economy but increased N concentrations in springs and rivers. A mix-and-match scenario incorporating low-density longleaf pine in sensitive regions, SMS and controlled release fertilizer on all row crops, and conversion of row crop lands within ~1 mile of existing power transmission lines to solar farms produced a win-win scenario with positive environmental and economic benefits. In GA conversion of agriculture to forestry had the highest potential to increase stream flows among the scenarios modeled, but the largest negative impact on the regional economy. Conversion to solar farms had a minor impact on streamflow but the largest positive impact on the regional economy. Streamflow impacts of alternative scenarios were larger in tributary watersheds than the mainstem Flint River. Groundwater impacts were also spatially variable, identifying sensitive regions where largest impacts would be expected. Land Use Change Modeling: Land use change modeling combined hydrologic and economic modeling results in both deterministic and stochastic optimization approaches to optimize land use change to meet water quality regulations in the Little River Basin GA. Results showed that as water quality regulations become more stringent more row crops must convert to forestry to achieve compliance, resulting in a reduction of aggregate profits to the producers in the region; agricultural profits decrease when uncertainties are considered at the watershed level; and uncertainties of meeting the water quality standards expedited the land use transition from croplands to forestlands and magnified the share of forestlands. Stakeholder Preference & Valuation Research: Two willingness to accept (WTA) surveys for foresters and one WTA survey for agricultural producers were conducted to identify preferences for incentive programs to adopt practices that improve water quality and quantity in the region. A public willingness to pay survey identified public support and preferences for incentivizing producers to adopt BMPs. Results show that if provided with incentives forest landowner/producers are willing to reduce planting density, change rotation age, and thinning; agricultural producers are willing to adopt SMS, controlled release fertilizer, and cover crop BMPs; and residents are willing to pay farmers and foresters to improve water quality and availability. Results provide policymakers information on program feasibility, range of price, and potential financial output to incentivize producers. Reflexive Monitoring Research: Interviews, surveys, and focus groups helped understand stakeholder and project team perspectives about the value of knowledge integration & barriers to co-production; preferences of scenario types; and satisfaction with scenario choices and ability to contribute to the process. Stakeholders and project team members believed the PMP process yielded better models, credible and useful results, an expanded understanding of the system and an enhanced professional network, and that they experienced trust in the PMP and its products throughout the project. Communications Research: Results showed that producers and environmentalists have similar values and interests (i.e. strong connection to nature and high perceived risks to groundwater & surface water) but view agriculture differently (i.e. as part of the problem versus part of the solution). A survey of the public showed that they have limited water knowledge, may not believe water scientists, and that their values rather than scientific findings tend to form their policy preferences. Studies also found that strategic communication can reduce false conflict. Value-based discourse that reveals shared values and employs messages and messengers with value resonance was shown to have good potential to increase support for sustainable water action. Digital Decision Toolkit: A SmartIrrigation Corn App was developed and made available to the public. The app uses estimated daily crop water use and precipitation data to track daily available soil moisture and notifies users when irrigation is recommended. Extension Agent In-Service Trainings (ISTs) and On-Farm Demos: 37 ISTs on precision agricultural and irrigation, uses of advanced irrigation scheduling tools (apps and SMS) and BMPs for water quality and quantity were delivered to extension agents, crop consultants, agriculture industry service providers and producers. More than 50 on-farm demos and 125 other informal trainings were held to show performance of BMPs across soils and landscape conditions. Water Schools for Decision Makers: Water schools were held in FL (18 participants) and GA (20 participants) to empower communities to make more efficient consensus-based decisions about water management.

Publications

• Type: Journal Articles Status: Other Year Published: 2024 Citation: de Rooij, R., N. Reaver, D. Lee, W. Graham, D. Kaplan (In preparation). Combining SWAT-MODFLOW with MODPATH to simulate nitrate transport in springsheds. Environmental Modeling and Software.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Other Year Published: 2024 Citation: de Rooij R., W. Graham, D. Kaplan (In preparation). FSWATMOD-P: A more efficient and simpler approach to generate the coupling files for SWAT-MODFLOW. Environmental Modeling and Software
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Other Year Published: 2024 Citation: Klizentyte, K., Lai, J., Adams, D.C., Hundemer, S., Susaeta, A. (In preparation) Framing Public Willingness to Pay for Aquifer Protection: A Discrete Choice Experiment on Incentivizing Sustainable Practices Among Producers in the Floridan Aquifer Region, Ecological Economics.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Lee, D., Merrick, J., Rath, S., Dukes, M., Kaplan, D., & Graham, W. (2024). Groundwater impacts of adding carrot to corn-peanut rotations in North Florida. Agricultural Water Management, 294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2024.108713
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Other Year Published: 2023 Citation: Lee, D., de Rooij, R., Reaver, N., Graham, W., & Kaplan, D. (In preparation). Assessing hydrologic response to land use and climate change in the Santa Fe River Basin, Florida, the United States. Journal of the American Water Resources Association.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Other Year Published: 2023 Citation: Reaver, N., D. Kaplan, W. Graham (In preparation). Hydrological and Economic Tradeoffs of Pine Silvicultural Practices in the Southeastern US. Hydrological Processes.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Hundemer, S., Monroe, M. C., & Adams, D. C. (2023). Building bipartisan support for pro-environmental water policy in a competitive communication environment: the effect of competing moral frames and political communicators. Journal of Hydrology, 627(Part A). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.130379
• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Morrow, M., V. Sharma, R. Hochmuth, C. Barrett, M. Burani-Arouca (2023) Carrot Production in the Sandy Soils of North Florida: Nitrogen Fertilization Guidelines, UF EDIS.https://doi.org/10.32473/edis-AE588-2023
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Bartels, W. L., & Furman, C. A. (2023). Building community for participatory modeling: network composition, trust, and adaptive process design. Society & Natural Resources, 36(3), 326-346. https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920.2023.2177916
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: He, F., Lee, D., Borisova, T., Graham, W., Athearn, K., Dukes, M., Merrick, J., and Hochmuth, R. (2024). Farm-scale economic and environmental tradeoffs. Agricultural Water Management. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2024.108925
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Under Review Year Published: 2024 Citation: Karki, R., L, Kalin, K. Rowles, M. Masters, P. Srivastava (Under review). Stakeholder-driven watershed modeling for agriculture and ecological sustainability: A case study in the lower Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint (ACF) River Basin. ASCE Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Karki, R., Srivastava, P., & L. Kalin. (2023). Evaluating climate change impacts in a heavily irrigated karst watershed using a coupled surface and groundwater model. Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, 5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2023.101565
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Other Year Published: 2024 Citation: Bartels, W.L., Furman, C.A., Rowles, K. (in preparation). Incubating shared understandings across time and space: Creating the conditions for knowledge co-production in participatory modeling. International Journal of Community Research and Engagement
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Under Review Year Published: 2024 Citation: Gold, M. R., Hundemer, S., Dyment, M. A., (In Review). Revisiting the deficit model: The effect of water science knowledge on policy perceptions. Society and Natural Resources.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Other Year Published: 2024 Citation: Graham, W., K. Athearn, W.L. Bartels, T. Borisova, P. Carton de Grammont, C. Court, F. He, R. Hochmuth, U. Koirala, D. Lee, J. Love, N. Reaver, R. de Rooij, K. Rowles, A. Smith, K. Schlatter, and D. Kaplan (In prep) . Environmental-Economic Tradeoffs of Agricultural and Silvicultural Production Management Decisions at the Farm and Forest Scale. Journal of Environmental Management
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Under Review Year Published: 2024 Citation: Hundemer S., Dyment, M. A., Gold, M. R. (In Review). Public support for new agricultural best management practices to protect Florida water quality. Journal of Extension.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Hundemer, S. (2023). Prioritization of scientific sources of water information: The effect knowledge, beliefs, and political identity. Journal of Applied Communications, 107(3). https://doi.org/10.4148/1051-0834.2495
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Other Year Published: 2024 Citation: Kaplan, D., W.L. Bartels, T. Borisova, P. Carton de Grammont, C. Court, J. Ferreira, F. He, R. Hochmuth, U. Koirala, D. Lee, N. Reaver, R. de Rooij, K. Rowles, K. Schlatter, and W. Graham (in prep) Farms, Forests, and Flows: Stakeholder-driven modeling of the economic and environmental sustainability of the Floridan aquifer. Water Resources Research
• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Hundemer, S., & Ramadan, S. (2024). Communicating about water in the Floridan Aquifer region: Part 1what do people know about water science? AEC786/WC447, 3/2024. EDIS, 2024(2). https://doi.org/10.32473/edis-wc447-2024
• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Hundemer, S., & Ramadan, S. (2024). Communicating about water in the Floridan Aquifer region: Part 2do people believe water science? AEC781/WC442, 3/2024. EDIS, 2024(2). https://doi.org/10.32473/edis-wc442-2024
• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Hundemer, S., & Ramadan, S. (2024). Communicating about water in the Floridan Aquifer region: Part 3 how the right messages and messengers can increase bipartisan support for water policy: AEC778/WC439, 3/2024. EDIS, 2024(2). https://doi.org/10.32473/edis-wc439-2024
• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Hundemer, S., & Ramadan, S. (2024). Communicating about water in the Floridan Aquifer region: Part 4the medias role in water perceptions: AEC782/WC443, 3/2024. EDIS, 2024(2). https://doi.org/10.32473/edis-wc443-2024
• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Hundemer, S., & Ramadan, S. (2024). Communicating about water in the Floridan Aquifer region: Part 5increasing collaboration between producers and environmentalists on water challenges: AEC788/WC449, 3/2024. EDIS, 2024(2). https://doi.org/10.32473/edis-wc449-2024
• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Hundemer, S., & Ramadan, S. (2024). Communicating about water in the Floridan Aquifer region: Part 6stakeholders mental models of regional water challenges: AEC785/WC446, 3/2024. EDIS, 2024(2). https://doi.org/10.32473/edis-wc446-2024

Progress 07/01/22 to 06/30/23

Outputs
Target Audience:Farmers, Foresters, Environmental Agency Personnel, Water Management Agency Personel, Non Governmental Organization Representatives, Private Industry Representatives, Extension Professionals, Researchers, Students. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Students and Post-Doctoral Associates: Opportunities for training and professional development included mentorship of four undergraduate students, twenty-one graduate students, and five post-doctoral associates. Training included model use and development (SWAT, SWAT-MODFLOW, MODPATH, RT3D, DSSAT CSM-CROPGRO, @Risk, Simetar©, IMPLAN), field data collection and analysis, statistical methods and data management, econometric methods, optimization-based models, choice modeling, remote sensing, qualitative data collection and processing, focus group implementation,survey design, design and implementation of extension programming, manuscript writing, and delivery of effective oral and poster presentations at project meetings and state/national/international professional meetings. Students and postdocs developed skills and gained experience in conducting interdisciplinary, integrative, and collaborative science. As part of the Participatory Modeling Process (PMP), they also gained experience in communicating with non-academic audiences, enabling them to develop better communication skills for broad audiences and providing them an opportunity to influence real-world outcomes. Project PMP and team members: The PMP process provided training for stakeholder members in modeling, water policy and planning, and water resource management research. PMP activities also provided opportunities of professional development for project team members through a highly integrated project in which team members must work across the many disciplines in the project and develop stakeholder outreach, collaboration, and engagement skills. Extension agents, conservation practitioners and farmers: 37 In Service Trainings on precision agricultural and irrigation, uses of advanced irrigation scheduling tools (apps and SMS) and BMPs for water quality and quantity were delivered to extension agents, crop consultants, agriculture industry service providers and producers. More than 50 on-farm demos and 125 other informal training sessions were conducted to show performance of BMPs across soils and landscape conditions. Two Water schools (one in FL in 2021 with 18 participants; one in GA in 2022 with 20 participants) helped empower communities to make more efficient consensus-based decisions about water management. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Website: The project maintains a website (Floridanwater.org) to communicate activities to the general public and to provide a project document archive for Project Advisory Committee and Participatory Modeling Process (PMP) members and other interested stakeholders. Publications: Twenty two peer-reviewed publications were published and three are under review in the following journals: Agricultural Water Management; Canadian Journal of Forest Research; Ecological Economics; Environmental Communication; Environmental Pollution; Environmental Research Letters; Forests; HortScience; Irrigation Science; Journal of Applied Communications; Journal of Forestry; Journal of Hydrology; Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies; Science of The Total Environment; Society & Natural Resources; Transactions American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers; and Water Resources and Economics. At least eighteen more peer review publications are in preparation. Eleven extension publications have been published and eight more are under review. Finally, fifteen dissertations have resulted from this project. Databases: Six data sets have been made available to the public through data repositories, including: North Florida Research and Education Center; Harvard Dataverse, Ag Data Commons and Hydroshare. Professional and academic meetings: Over a hundred presentations of project findings were presented to 65 local, state, regional, national and international meetings and conferences including: Local Agricultural and Biological Engineering Biocomplexity seminar (2019). Samuel Proctor Oral History Program, Future of Florida Springs (2023) University of Florida School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences Graduate Student Research Symposium (2021, 2023) University of Georgia Tifton Campus Graduate Student Poster Competition (2019) Virginia Tech Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation Seminar Series (2023) State ACF Waters Conference (2022) Alabama Irrigation Workshop (2019) Alabama Water Resources Conference and Symposium (2018, 2019) American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers - Florida Section Annual Conference (2019) Annual Conservation Production System Conference (2018) Florida Association of Natural Resource Professionals (2017) Georgia Climate Conference (2019) Georgia Cotton Conference (2020) Georgia Crop Improvement Association Annual Conference (2019) Georgia Section American Society of Civil Engineers Environmental and Water Resources Group (2020) Georgia Water Resource Conference (2019, 2021). State of the Center Summit (2022) University of Florida Water Institute Biennial Symposium (2017, 2019, 2021) Regional Southeastern Environmental Education Alliance (2017) Southern Agricultural Economics Association Annual Meeting (2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023) Southern Extension Economics Committees (2021) National Agricultural & Applied Economics Association Annual Meeting (2019, 2020, 2023) American Anthropological Association Annual Meeting (2017, 2018, 2022) American Ecological Engineering Society (2023) American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting (2018, 2019, 2021) Beltwide Cotton Conference (2021, 2022, 2023) Interagency Conference on Research in the Watersheds (2020) National Academy of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine, Reducing the Health Impacts of the Nitrogen Workshop (2021) National Agricultural Communication Symposium (2023) North American Association for Environmental Education (NAAEE) Annual Research Symposium (2022) Society of American Forester Annual Meeting (2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022) The American Society of Agronomy (ASA), the Crop Science Society of America (CSSA), and the Soil Science Society of America (SSSA) Annual Meeting (2019, 2021, 2022) Universities Council on Water Resources (UCOWR)/National Institutes for Water Resources (NIWR) Annual Conference (2022, 2023) International American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers Annual International Meeting (2018, 2019) Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication (2019) European Conference on Precision Agriculture (2019) International Congress for Conservation Biology (2021) University of Waterloo Water Institute Seminar Series (2021) World Environmental & Water Resources Congress (2022) World Environmental Education Conference (2022) Stakeholders: The Participatory Modeling Process and the Project Advisory Committee provided outreach on a deep level to a set of highly engaged stakeholders. The project was also presented to the Santa Fe River Spring Forum, Georgia Chamber of Commerce, Georgia Regional Water Councils; Suwannee River Partnership Advisory Committee Meeting, Suwannee River Water Management District Governing Board meeting; Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Alachua County Environmental Protection Department, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, and The Nature Conservancy. Governmental agencies: The project goals and its preliminary results were presented to members of Congress and their staff during the Agricultural Research Congressional Exhibition (2019); to NIFA Director Scott Angle and US Representative Ted Yoho (2019); and to other researchers and NIFA staff during the USDA NIFA PD meeting (2018). Extension: Research findings have been disseminated to a wide range of audiences including farmers, allied ag industry reps, Extension agents and local decision makers through the project's Extension programs. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?1) Complete peer reviewed articles documenting project outcomes 2) Publish fact sheets and videos summarizing Key Findings and Key Messages from the project 3) Conduct a final Extension Water School for Florida Decision Makers 4) Work with state agencies to develop incentive programs to promote the adoption of land use and land management practices needed to achieve agricultural water security and environmental protection in the study region

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? IMPACT: BMP field experiments and farm/forest- and regional-scale models co-produced with stakeholders developed new knowledge to explore tradeoffs and synergies between the agricultural economy and environmental quality in the region and to understand changes needed to achieve agricultural water security and environmental protection. Reflexive monitoring helped guide the participatory modeling process. Results of stakeholder valuation research showed that development of new incentive programs to promote BMP and land use change adoption in support of agricultural water security and environmental protection is feasible if funds are available. Communication research produced new strategies for communications around water issues.Extension personnel developed tools and educational programs that improved agricultural and silvicultural producer decision-making. Results of the final Project Advisory Committee meeting indicated that state agencies are interested in continued use of models co-developed in this project and in launching new incentive programs to encourage land use and water/nutrient management changes in the region. BMP Field Experiments: BMP research in FL showed that use of irrigation apps and soil moisture sensors (SMS) reduced irrigation relative to calendar scheduling by 40-60% in corn, 14% in carrot, and 40% in peanut. Results also showed that N rates above 224 kg/ha do not significantly increase yield for corn or carrot when using apps and SMS to schedule irrigation. GA BMP research showed that use of SMS can reduce irrigation by 50-60% compared to calendar scheduling.In GA fertigation produced similar yields to traditional fertilization while using 17% less N. Participatory Modeling Process (PMP) and Scenario Analyses: 26 webinars and in-person PMP meetings were held, engaging 25 regional stakeholders and 11 project team members to co-develop farm/forest- and regional-scale economic-biophysical models. Priority cropping systems, a suite of farm/forest-scale management systems for each cropping system, and a series of alternative regional land use/land management scenarios were identified for each state. Co-interpretation of the model results produced shared understanding of the regional economic-biophysical systems and of model limitations and sensitivities in interpretation. Biophysical and Economic Farm/Forest-Scale Modeling: Farm/forest scale modeling estimated net recharge and N leaching to the Floridan aquifer and net producer returns for all priority cropping systems and management systems identified by stakeholders. These results provided the foundation for identifying land uses and water and nutrient management scenarios for the regional models. Biophysical and Economic Regional-Scale Modeling: 9 regional scenarios were developed for FL and 7 for GA. In FL land use change from irrigated agriculture and production forestry to low-density longleaf pine showed the best potential to increase flow and decrease N concentrations in springs and rivers but had the largest negative impact on the regional economy. Urban and agricultural expansion had the largest positive impact on the regional economy but increased N concentrations in springs and rivers. A mix-and-match scenario incorporating low-density longleaf pine in sensitive regions, SMS and controlled release fertilizer on all row crops, and conversion of row crop lands within ~1 mile of existing power transmission lines to solar farms produced a win-win scenario with positive environmental and economic benefits. In GA conversion of agriculture to forestry had the highest potential to increase stream flows among the scenarios modeled, but the largest negative impact on the regional economy. Conversion to solar farms had a minor impact on streamflow but the largest positive impact on the regional economy. Streamflow impacts of alternative scenarios were larger in tributary watersheds than the mainstem Flint River. Groundwater impacts were also spatially variable, identifying sensitive regions where largest impacts would be expected. Land Use Change Modeling: Land use change modeling combined hydrologic and economic modeling results in both deterministic and stochastic optimization approaches to optimize land use change to meet water quality regulations in the Little River Basin GA. Results showed that as water quality regulations become more stringent more row crops must convert to forestry to achieve compliance, resulting in a reduction of aggregate profits to the producers in the region; agricultural profits decrease when uncertainties are considered at the watershed level; and uncertainties of meeting the water quality standards expedited the land use transition from croplands to forestlands and magnified the share of forestlands. Stakeholder Preference & Valuation Research: Two willingness to accept (WTA) surveys for foresters and one WTA survey for agricultural producers were conducted to identify preferences for incentive programs to adopt practices that improve water quality and quantity in the region. A public willingness to pay survey identified public support and preferences for incentivizing producers to adopt BMPs. Results show that if provided with incentives forest landowner/producers are willing to reduce planting density, change rotation age, and thinning; agricultural producers are willing to adopt SMS, controlled release fertilizer, and cover crop BMPs; and residents are willing to pay farmers and foresters to improve water quality and availability. Results provide policymakers information on program feasibility, range of price, and potential financial output to incentivize producers. Reflexive Monitoring Research: Interviews, surveys, and focus groups helped understand stakeholder and project team perspectives about the value of knowledge integration & barriers to co-production; preferences of scenario types; and satisfaction with scenario choices and ability to contribute to the process. Stakeholders and project team members believed the PMP process yielded better models, credible and useful results, an expanded understanding of the system and an enhanced professional network, and that they experienced trust in the PMP and its products throughout the project. Communications Research: Results showed that producers and environmentalists have similar values and interests (i.e. strong connection to nature and high perceived risks to groundwater & surface water) but view agriculture differently (i.e. as part of the problem versus part of the solution). A survey of the public showed that they have limited water knowledge, may not believe water scientists, and that their values rather than scientific findings tend to form their policy preferences. Studies also found that strategic communication can reduce false conflict. Value-based discourse that reveals shared values and employs messages and messengers with value resonance was shown to have good potential to increase support for sustainable water action. Digital Decision Toolkit: A SmartIrrigation Corn App was developed and made available to the public. The app uses estimated daily crop water use and precipitation data to track daily available soil moisture and notifies users when irrigation is recommended. Extension Agent In-Service Trainings (ISTs) and On-Farm Demos: 37 ISTs on precision agricultural and irrigation, uses of advanced irrigation scheduling tools (apps and SMS) and BMPs for water quality and quantity were delivered to extension agents, crop consultants, agriculture industry service providers and producers. More than 50 on-farm demos and 125 other informal trainings were held to show performance of BMPs across soils and landscape conditions. Water Schools for Decision Makers: Water schools were held in FL (18 participants) and GA (20 participants) to empower communities to make more efficient consensus-based decisions about water management.

Publications

• Type: Journal Articles Status: Other Year Published: 2024 Citation: He, F., Lee, D., Borisova, T., Graham, W., Athearn, K., Dukes, M., Merrick, J., and Hochmuth, R. (In preparation). Farm-scale economic and environmental tradeoffs. Agricultural Water Management.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Other Year Published: 2024 Citation: Kaplan, D., Reaver, N., D. Lee, R. de Rooij, W. Graham (In preparation). Quantifying the impact of different land use scenarios on water quantity and quality in Santa Fe River basin using SWAT-MODFLOW. Journal of Hydrology
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Other Year Published: 2024 Citation: Karki, R., P. Srivastava, L. Kalin (In preparation). Application of SWAT-MDOFLOW for evaluating climate change impacts on the surface- and groundwater resources of the lower Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint (ACF) River Basin, USA. Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Other Year Published: 2024 Citation: Karki, R., P. Srivastava, L. Kalin, H. Haas, W. F. Alves (In preparation). Impact of hydrological calibration in SWAT groundwater recharge simulation: A case study in the Flint River Basin, Georgia, USA. Regional Environmental Change (Springer).
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Other Year Published: 2024 Citation: Karki, R., L, Kalin, K. Rowles, M. Masters, P. Srivastava (In preparation). Stakeholder-driven watershed modeling for agriculture and ecological sustainability: A case study in the lower Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint (ACF) River Basin. ASCE Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Other Year Published: 2024 Citation: Klizentyte, K., Lai, J., Adams, D.C., Koriala, U., and Susaeta, A. (In preparation). What's water worth to Florida and Georgia residents? Estimating the public's willingness to pay for the Upper Floridan Aquifer. Ecological Economics.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Other Year Published: 2024 Citation: Aryan, F., W. Graham, G. Velledis, D. Kaplan (In preparation). Modeling Water and Nitrogen Budgets in a Corn Cotton Peanut Rotation using DSSAT and SWAT. Journal of the ASABE.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Other Year Published: 2024 Citation: de Rooij R., W. Graham, D. Kaplan (In preparation). An improved scheme for coupling surface-subsurface water in SWAT-MODFLOW. Environmental Modeling and Software.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Other Year Published: 2024 Citation: de Rooij R., W. Graham, D. Kaplan (In preparation). FSWATMOD-V: A tool to visualize SWAT-MODFLOW simulation results. Environmental Modeling and Software.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Other Year Published: 2024 Citation: de Rooij R., W. Graham, D. Kaplan (In preparation). FSWATMOD-P: A more efficient and simpler approach to generate the coupling files for SWAT-MODFLOW. Environmental Modeling and Software.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Other Year Published: 2024 Citation: Lee, D., W. Graham, M. Dukes, D. Kaplan (In preparation). Groundwater quality and quantity impacts of adding a winter carrot crop to corn-peanut rotations in the Suwannee River Basin, Florida. Journal of the ASABE.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Other Year Published: 2024 Citation: Lee, D., R. de Rooij, N. Reaver, W. Graham, D. Kaplan (In preparation). Quantifying the impact of different land use scenario on water quantity and quality in Santa Fe River basin using SWAT-MODFLOW-RT3D. Journal of Hydrology.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Other Year Published: 2024 Citation: Reaver, N., D. Lee, R. de Rooij, W. Graham, D. Kaplan (In preparation). Hydrological and Economic Tradeoffs of Land Use and Management in the Floridan Aquifer region. Water Resources Research.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Other Year Published: 2024 Citation: Reaver, N., D. Kaplan, W. Graham (In preparation). Hydrological and Economic Tradeoffs of Pine Silvicultural Practices in the Southeastern US. Hydrological Processes.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Other Year Published: 2024 Citation: Reaver, N., D. Kaplan, W. Graham (In preparation). Representing silvicultural practices within the Soil and Water Assessment Tool. Environmental Modeling and Software.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Other Year Published: 2024 Citation: Reaver, N., R. de Rooij, D. Kaplan, W. Graham (In preparation). Robust Calibration of Large Hydrological Models Using Bayesian Inference. Water Resources Research.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Under Review Year Published: 2023 Citation: Huang, Y., P. Dwivedi, R. Karki, L. Kalin (Under Review). The Land Use, Streamflow, and Water Withdrawal Demand Nexus in a Heavily Irrigated Watershed in the Southeastern United States. Environmental Research Letters.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Under Review Year Published: 2023 Citation: Huang, Y.K., P. Dwivedi, R. Karki, L. Kalin (Under Review). The Land Use, Streamflow, and Water Withdrawal Demand Nexus in a Heavily Irrigated Watershed in the Southeastern United States, Environmental Research Communication.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Under Review Year Published: 2023 Citation: Hundemer, S., M. Monroe, D. Adams (Under Review) Building bipartisan support for water policy in a competitive communication environment: The effect of competing water messages and messengers. Journal of Hydrology.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Bartels, WL., C. Furman (2023) Building Community for Participatory Modeling: Network Composition, Trust, and Adaptive Process Design. Society & Natural Resources 36 (3): https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920.2023.2177916
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Bawa, R., P. Dwivedi, N. Hoghooghi, L. Kalin, Y. Huang (2023). Designing Watersheds for Integrated Development (DWID): Combining hydrological and economic modeling for optimizing land use change to meet water quality regulations. Water Resources and Economics 41: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wre.2022.100209
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Bawa, R., G. Colson, P. Dwivedi. (2023) Monetary compensation for changing forest management practices to increase water availability in Georgia, United States. Environmental Research Letters 18 (6). http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/acd019
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: He, F., T. Borisova, K. Athearn, R. Hochmuth, and C. Barret (2022). Choosing Nitrogen Application Rate Recommendation Given Floridas Regulatory Water Policy. HortScience. 57 (11), https://journals.ashs.org/hortsci/view/journals/hortsci/57/11/article-p1387.xml
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Huang, Y., R. Bawa, J. Mullen, N. Hoghooghi, L. Kalin, P. Dwivedi (2022). Designing Watersheds for Integrated Development (DWID): A stochastic dynamic optimization approach for understanding expected land use changes to meet potential water quality regulations. Agricultural Water Management 271: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2022.107799
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Hundemer, S., D. Treise, M. Monroe. (2022) A Scarcity of Biospheric Values in Local and Regional Reporting of Water Issues: Media Coverage in the Floridan Aquifer Region. Journal of Applied Communications 6 (2): https://doi.org/10.4148/1051-0834.2424
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Koirala, U., D. Adams, A. Susaeta, E. Akande (2022). Value of a Flexible Forest Harvest Decision with Short Period Forest Carbon Offsets: Application of a Binomial Option Model. Forests. 13 (11), 1785; https://doi.org/10.3390/f13111785
• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Acharya, B., C. Barrett, S.S. Sidhu, L. Zotarelli, M. Dukes, V. Sharma (2022) Methods to quantify in-field nutrient leaching. UF/IFAS EDIS https://doi.org/10.32473/edis-ae581-2022
• Type: Other Status: Accepted Year Published: 2022 Citation: Harkins, M., Y. Liu, A. Plastina, G.A. Hancock, A.R. Smith (2022). Cover Crop Seed Availability Hinders Cover Crop Adoption by Agricultural Producers, Southern Ag Today 2(39.3). https://southernagtoday.org/2022/09/21/cover-crop-seed-availability-hinders-cover-crop-adoption-by-agricultural-producers/
• Type: Other Status: Accepted Year Published: 2022 Citation: Harkins, M., Y. Liu, A. Plastina, G.A. Hancock, A.R. Smith (2022). Cover Crop Cost-Share Program Payments, UGA Department of Agricultural & Applied Economics. AGECON-22-01PR. https://agecon.uga.edu/content/dam/caes-subsite/ag-econ/documents
• Type: Other Status: Under Review Year Published: 2023 Citation: Hundemer, S. (Under review) Communicating about water in the Floridan Aquifer region, UF EDIS.
• Type: Other Status: Under Review Year Published: 2023 Citation: Hundemer, S. (Under review) Do people believe water science?, UF EDIS.
• Type: Other Status: Under Review Year Published: 2023 Citation: Hundemer, S. (Under Review) Increasing bipartisan support for water policy: The impact of value messages and messengers, UF EDIS.
• Type: Other Status: Under Review Year Published: 2023 Citation: Hundemer, S. (Under Review) Increasing collaboration between producers and environmentalists on water challenges, UF EDIS.
• Type: Other Status: Under Review Year Published: 2023 Citation: Hundemer, S. (Under Review) Stakeholders' mental models of regional water challenges, UF EDIS
• Type: Other Status: Under Review Year Published: 2023 Citation: Hundemer, S. (Under Review) The effect of the communicator on willingness to adjust water beliefs, Journal of Applied Communication Research.
• Type: Other Status: Under Review Year Published: 2023 Citation: Hundemer, S. (Under Review) The media's role in water perceptions in the Floridan Aquifer region (EDIS), UF EDIS.
• Type: Other Status: Under Review Year Published: 2023 Citation: Hundemer, S. (Under Review) What do people know about water in the Floridan Aquifer region?, UF EDIS.
• Type: Other Status: Accepted Year Published: 2023 Citation: Morrow, M., V. Sharma, R. Hochmuth, C. Barrett, M. Burani-Arouca (Accepted) Carrot Production in the Sandy Soils of North Florida: Nitrogen Fertilization Guidelines, UF EDIS.
• Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Other Year Published: 2023 Citation: He, F. (2023). Farm-scale and regional economic implication of agricultural land management decisions in the Floridan Aquifer region. PhD, University of Florida.
• Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Other Year Published: 2022 Citation: Klizentyte, K. (2022). Willingness to Pay for the Upper Floridan Aquifer. PhD, University of Florida.
• Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2022 Citation: Sangster, S. (2022). Assessing the Feasibility of Fertigation on Cotton. MS, University of Georgia
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2023 Citation: Bartels, W., C. A. Furman, K. Rowles, K and M. Masters. (2023) Factors that shape knowledge co-production in participatory modeling, Universities Council on Water Resources (UCOWR)/National Institutes for Water Resources (NIWR) Annual Conference. June 13- 15, 2023. Fort Collins, CO.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2022 Citation: Cooper, N. (2022) Exploring the Environmental Identity Scale with Farmers of North Florida, North American Association for Environmental Education (NAAEE) 19th Annual Research Symposium: Educating for Change. October 11-12, 2022. Tucson, AZ
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2023 Citation: Cooper, N. (2023). Exploring the Environmental Identity Scale with Farmers of North Florida, School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences Graduate Student Research Symposium. March 3, 2023. Gainesville, FL.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2022 Citation: Cooper, N. (2023). Communicating Trade-offs between Agriculture and Water: The Roles of Dialogue, Identity, and Social Context, North American Association for Environmental Education (NAAEE) 19th Annual Research Symposium: Educating for Change. 10/11-10/12/2022. Tucson, AZ.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2022 Citation: Furman, C., WL Bartels (2022) The room where it happens": Co-production of knowledge among scientists and practitioners, American Anthropology Association Annual Meeting. November 10, 2022. Seattle, WA.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2022 Citation: Gallios, I., G. Vellidis, C. Butts (2022) Developing an ET-Based Version of Irrigator Pro for Peanut Irrigation Scheduling in the Southeast, 2022 ASA, CSSA, SSSA International Annual Meeting. August 11, 2022. Baltimore, MD
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2023 Citation: Graham, W., D. Adams, K. Athearn, et al (2023). Floridan Aquifer Collaborative Engagement for Sustainability Project (FACETS), Universities Council on Water Resources (UCOWR)/National Institutes for Water Resources (NIWR) Annual Conference. June 13- 15, 2023. Fort Collins, CO.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2022 Citation: He, F., Lai, J., Court, C., Borisova,T., Athearn, K. (2022) Producers' willingness to adopt best management practices in the Upper Floridan Aquifer region, Agricultural & Applied Economics Association Annual Meeting. July 31- August 2, 2023. Washington, D.C.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2022 Citation: He, F., Lai, J., Court, C., Borisova, T., Athearn, K. (2022) Producers' willingness to accept incentive payments for adopting best management practices, State of the Center Summit. December 2, 2022. Gainesville, FL.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2023 Citation: He, F., Lai, J., Court, C., Borisova,T., Athearn, K. (2023) . Producers' willingness to accept incentive payments for adopting nutrient and irrigation best management practices, Southern Agricultural Economics Association Annual Meeting. February 4- 8, 2023. Oklahoma City, OK.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2023 Citation: He, F., Lai, J., Court, C., Borisova,T., Athearn, K. (2023) Producers' willingness to adopt best management practices in the Floridan Aquifer region, Agricultural & Applied Economics Association Annual Meeting. July 23- 25, 2023. Washington, D.C.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2022 Citation: Huang, Y., R. Bawa, P. Dwivedi (2022). A stochastic dynamic optimization approach for understanding expected land use changes to meet potential water quality regulations: A case study from Georgia, United States, Society of American Foresters (virtual), November 2, 2022.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2023 Citation: Kaplan, D., W. Graham, D. Adams, K. Athearn, W.L. Bartels, P. Carton de Grammont, C. Court, M. Dukes, J. Ferreira, R. Hochmuth, J. Lai, J. Love, M. Monroe, K. Schlatter; G. Cowie, M. Masters, K. Rowles; P. Dwivedi, C. Furman, W. Porter, A. Smith, G. Velli. (2023) Farms, Forests, and Flows: Stakeholder-driven modeling of the economic and environmental sustainability of the Floridan aquifer, Virginia Tech Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation Seminar Series. February 24, 2023. Blacksburg, Virginia.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2023 Citation: Hundemer, S. (2023). Visualizing stakeholders mental models for communication strategy, National Agricultural Communication Symposium (NACS). February 06, 2023. Oklahoma City, OK.
• Type: Other Status: Accepted Year Published: 2023 Citation: Hundemer, S. (2023). Improving stakeholder communication and collaboration toward shared water goals, Samuel Proctor Oral History Program, Future of Florida Springs. April 1, 2023. Gainesville, FL.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2023 Citation: Hundemer, S. (2023) Communication Research to Minimize Obstructive Water Partisanship and Increase Adoption of Water Research Findings, Universities Council on Water Resources (UCOWR) Annual Water Resources Conference. June 13- 15, 2023.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2023 Citation: Kaplan, D. and W. Graham (2023). Stakeholder-Driven Assessment of the Environmental and Economic Sustainability of the Floridan Aquifer, 2023 Annual Meeting of American Ecological Engineering Society. June 6, 2023. Tampa, FL.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2023 Citation: Masters, M., K. Rowles, G. Cowie, M. Szydzik. (2023) Georgia Flow Incentive Trust: Building from Science and Stakeholder Engagement to Better Drought Response, Universities Council on Water Resources (UCOWR)/National Institutes for Water Resources (NIWR) Annual Conference. June 13- 15, 2023. Fort Collins, CO.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2022 Citation: Morrow, M., V. Sharma, R. Hochmuth, K. Steller, and C. Mitchell (2022) Analysis of Controlled-Release Fertilizers Ability in Maintaining Corn Production Goals While Reducing Nitrate Leaching in Cropping Systems of North Florida., The American Society of Agronomy, the Crop Science Society of America, and the Soil Science Society of America Meetings. November 06, 2022. Baltimore, MD.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2022 Citation: Morrow, M., R. Hochmuth, V. Sharma, A. MacMillan, M. Warren, and T. Pittman (2022) Importance of Good Irrigation Management in Reducing Leaching of Conventional and Controlled Release Fertilizer Sources of Nitrogen On-Farm, World Environmental & Water Resources Congress. June 5, 2022. Atlanta, GA.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2023 Citation: Sangster, S., A. Toffanin, K. Boote, M. Gruver, C. Perry, B.J. Washington, G. Vellidis (2023) Evaluation of Cotton Nitrogen Management Strategies with the DSSAT CSM Cropgro-Cotton Model, Beltwide Cotton Conference. November 1, 2023. New Orleans, LA.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2023 Citation: Smith, A., S. McCallister. Economics of Nutrients from Cover Crops at the Farm-Scale, USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2022 Citation: Vellidis, G., D. Hall, J. Mallard, W. Porter. (2022) Water Optimization Approaches in the Eastern United States, 2022 ASA, CSSA, SSSA International Annual Meeting. August 11, 2022. Baltimore, MD.

Progress 07/01/21 to 06/30/22

Outputs
Target Audience:Farmers, Foresters, Environmental Agency Personnel, Water Management Agency Personel, Non Governmental Organization Representatives, Private Industry Representatives, Extension Professionals, Researchers, Students. Changes/Problems:A no-cost extension was requested due to delays in project execution caused by the COVID-19 pandemic since 2020. The extension will allow the project to: 1) complete regional biophysical and economic modeling of the suite of scenarios developed with stakeholders in the PMP and conduct a final PMP meeting to co-interpret scenario results with stakeholders; 2) complete analysis of the agricultural willingness-to-accept surveys; 3) complete the land use change modeling effort for the lower Flint Basin, Georgia andSanta Fe Basin, Florida; 4) finalize data collection and analysis for the social learning research; 5) complete analysis of the communication research surveys and focus groups and develop a communications guide, 6) conduct additional testing of the SmartIrrigation corn app and promote its adoption by Extension agents and growers; 7) conduct a final meeting with the PAC to discuss policy implications of the project findings and the final Extension Water School curriculum; 8) conduct the final Extension Water School; 9) continue to publish peer reviewed articles and extension publications on all aspects of the project and 10) develop fact sheets/ infographics summarizing key findings and messages from the project . Major challenges encountered during this reporting period include the following: Stakeholder Preference & Valuation Research: The Agricultural WTA Survey had an issue with fictitious subjects signing up for and responding to the survey in an attempt to receive the $50 Amazon gift card that was offered as an incentive. As a result, the project team submitted a "reportable event" via the IRB protocol to stop payment to these individuals and updated the IRB protocol for the survey to include a series of validation checks that can be used on all future responses prior to the respondents qualifying for the survey incentive. Participatory Modeling Process (PMP) and Scenario Analyses: PMP meetings continued in virtual format this year, in part due to COVID and in part due to scheduling challenges. The length of the PMP process has resulted in some stakeholder member attrition. The lack of face-to-face interactions made it extremely challenging to host creative brainstorming activities. Unlike in most in-person meetings when informal unstructured time offers moments for questions, clarification and "soak time", short meetings were held (to keep attention in the virtual space) but were packed with information. Processing such a large amount of information in this format is very difficult. Many stakeholders were unsettled by the virtual format although they understood (and agreed with) the need for safety. Virtual formats require substantial preparatory work with project team members to ensure highly efficient meeting implementation. Process activities and schedule have been adapted to best meet the needs of the project given the constraints of budget, schedule, and attrition. In-person gatherings are anticipated in the final year and it is expected that the final meetings of the PMP process will bring appropriate closure to the process with meaningful outcomes in terms of communications, collaboration, and shared understanding. Communications Research: In the original proposal, communications research activities included development and testing of communications materials that reflected 'results' of the regional-scale models and scenarios co-produced with PMP members. Due to delays in the project timeline, neither the models nor scenarios are ready to incorporate into communications materials for testing. In response to these circumstances, new research questions were generated to focus on presentation and evaluation of reasonable but hypothetical trade-offs and policy options. Rather than test FACETS stakeholder groups directly, a survey will be distributed among Florida residents (the general public) and University of Florida students as proxies to FACETS stakeholder interest groups. These activities will offer insight into best practices for design and format for communication of FACETS 'results' when they are available. These changes in timeline and research activities necessitated a no-cost extension for communications research activities. In-Service Trainings: Travel and meeting restrictions due to COVID-19 resulted in a reduced number of county meetings and agent trainings in formal in-person settings for part of 2021. Some of the planned trainings and travel had to be cancelled or converted to virtual formats. Water Schools: GA Water Schools have been delayed to the Fall 2022 in order to be able to include key findings of the scenario modeling results in the curriculum as well as to better accommodate the schedule of the project team and potential participants. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Students and Post-Doctoral Associates: Opportunities for training and professional development during this reporting period included mentorship of one undergraduate student, eight graduate students, five post-doctoral associates and two Assistant Research Scientists. Training included model use and development (SWAT, SWAT-MODFLOW, MODPATH, RT3D, DSSAT CSM-CROPGRO, @Risk, Simetar©, IMPLAN), field data collection and analysis, statistical methods and data management, econometric methods, optimization-based models, choice modeling, remote sensing, focus group implementation, survey design, design and implementation of extension programming, manuscript writing and delivery of effective oral and poster presentations at project meetings and state/national/international professional meetings. Students developed skills and gained experience in conducting interdisciplinary, integrative, and collaborative science. As part of the Participatory Modeling Process (PMP), graduate students also had the experience of communicating with non-academic audiences, enabling them to develop better communication skills for broad audiences and providing them an opportunity to influence real-world outcomes. Project PMP and team members: The PMP process provides training for stakeholder members in modeling, water policy and planning, and water resource management research. These also provide professional development for project team members through a highly integrated project in which team members must work across the many disciplines in the project and develop stakeholder outreach, collaboration, and engagement skills. Extension agents, conservation practitioners and farmers:FiveIn-Service Trainings (ISTs) were conducted with Florida and Georgia Extension Agents on soil properties, soil water holding capacity, soil moisture sensors, leaching potential in soils, and how nutrients move through the soil profile using blue dye to visualize the movement. Communication research results were presented at an Extension conference and IST for Extension agents in Florida. The information presented was designed to equip community leaders with skills to improve communication and collaboration toward water solutions. Three on-farm demonstrations provided professional development opportunities to farmers, extension agents, agency and conservation professionals on soil moisture sensors, leaching potential in soils and BMPs to secure proper placement of nutrients. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The project maintains a website (Floridanwater.org) to communicate activities to the general public and to provide a project document archive for Project Advisory Committee and Participatory Modeling Process (PMP) members and other interested stakeholders. Publications: In this reporting period, four peer-reviewed publications were published and seven are in review in the following journals: Agricultural Water Management, Forest Policy & Economics, Forest Science, HortScience, Journal of Applied Communications, Journal of Forestry, Journal of Hydrology, Land Use Policy, Science of The Total Environment, and Water Resources and Economics. In addition, the Florida farm-scale SWAT model was made public via the CUAHSI Hydroshare archive and one dissertation was published. Professional and academic meetings: Thirty-three presentations of the project and its findings were presented to local, state, national and international communities of interest. The list below includes the conference name and number of FACETS presentations at the conference in parenthesis. Southern Extension Economics Committees, September 20-22, 2021, Atlanta GA (2) 2021 Society of American Foresters National Convention, September 20-24, 2021, Baltimore, MD (1) 2021 ASA, CSSA, SSSA International Annual Meeting, Nov 7-10, 2021, Salt Lake City, Utah (3) 2021 AGU Fall Meeting, December 13-17, 2021, New Orleans, LA (in person and online) (4) International Congress for Conservation Biology, December 13-17, 2021 (Virtual) (1) Beltwide Cotton Conferences, January 4-6, 2022, San Antonio Texas (1) 2022 Southern Agricultural Economics Association, February 12-15, 2022, New Orleans, LA (1) 8th UF Water Institute Symposium, February 22-24, 2022, Gainesville, FL (7) 11th World Environmental Education Conference, 14-18th March 2022, Prague (1) ACF Waters Conference, April 26-28, 2022, Albany, GA (1) 2022 UCOWR/NIWR Conference, June 14-16, 2022, Greenville, SC (8) Stakeholders: The Participatory Modeling Process and the Project Advisory Committee provide outreach on a deep level to a set of highly engaged stakeholders. Each of the project webinars and workshops has been followed by the development of a meeting summary that is geared toward a broad audience. Extension: Research findings have been disseminated to a wide range of audiences including farmers, allied ag industry representatives, Extension agents and local decision makers. Irrigation BMP information is disseminated through Extension newsletters, blogs, and informal meetings with producers as well. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Findings forresearch activities below will be published in the peer-reviewed literature. Biophysical and Economic Farm/Forest-Scale Modeling: This task is complete. Biophysical and Economic Regional-Scale Modeling:The coupled SWAT-MODFLOW-MODPATH and IMPLAN models will be finetuned, and SWAT-MODFLOW will be coupled with RT3D to simulate dynamic nutrient transport. Meetings will be held with the stakeholder engagement team and PMP to refine and simulate additional regional scenarios and future climate scenarios (Phase 2). Results of the PMP scenario analysis will be presented to the PAC and policy implications will be discussed. Land-use change modelers will be provided with the required biophysical model inputs to complete land-use change modeling in the LFRB and SFRB. Land Use Change Modeling: The land use change modeling framework developed for the Little River Watershed will be modified to model land use change in the LFRB and SFRB, as appropriate. Stakeholder Preference & Valuation Research: Data collection and analysis will be completed for the Willingness to Accept (WTA) surveys of FL and GA farmers and forest landowners. Results of the WTP and WTA surveys will be presented to PMP and PAC stakeholders and will be used to evaluate the likelihood of alternative future land use and land management scenarios being adopted, and to discuss possible incentive programs for producers. Participatory Modeling Process (PMP) and Scenario Analyses: The final meeting of the PMP will be held in Fall 2022, during which the PMP will co-interpret regional model scenario results, discuss recommendations, and reflect on the project. After that meeting, the facilitation team will focus on closure of the PMP process with follow-up on reporting and communication of PMP outcomes. Social Learning Research: Interviews will be conducted with PMP participants and focus groups will continue as part of follow-up to the June and Fall 2022 PMP meetings. A social network survey will be conducted among PMP participants and interviews with PMP associated graduate students who have worked on PMP related products will be conducted. Communications Research: A study of public understanding of water science and water tradeoffs will be conducted; a water communication guide will be developed with recommendations for effectively conveying FACETS results; and a study will be conducted to understand to what extent deliberative dialogue is effective as a (two-way communication) format for 1) learning about the science and adaptive policy options, and 2) reducing potential conflict over intersecting water and land use issues among rural and non-rural stakeholders. BMP Research and Demonstrations: This task is complete. Digital Decision Toolkit: The SmartIrrigation Corn App will continue to be evaluated on iPhone and Android platforms with field trials. Extension Agent In-Service Trainings: FL ISTs are complete. One irrigation training in Georgia will be hosted. Water Schools for Decision Makers: The GA Water School will be implemented in Fall 2022, and the second FL Water School will be designed and implemented in Spring 2023. Management: Project coordinator bi-weekly meetings, monthly All-Hands meetings, POST, Activity-focused, and PMP meetings will continue. Project coordinators will continue to work with the team to identify key findings and key messages to develop fact sheets and other project outreach materials. A series of webinars for the PAC will be held in Fall 2022 to review project key findings, and the PAC's guidance will be requested as project needs arise. A final project meeting with the PAC will be held at the end of the project. Data management efforts will continue, focusing on archiving project data and models in permanent repositories. The evaluator will work closely with the Project Team to implement the final project evaluation.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? IMPACT: Co-production and modeling of scenarios of different land uses, cropping systems and management practices enabled stakeholders to understand the regional-scale environmental and economic impacts. Willingness-to-accept/pay survey results demonstrated that a viable incentive program is possible to promote BMP adoption. Communication strategies around water policy were assessed. Farmers, extension agents and conservation professionals gained knowledge of BMPs. Biophysical and Economic Farm/Forest-Scale Modeling: This task was completed in year 4. Biophysical and Economic Regional-Scale Modeling: Calibration of SWAT and SWAT-MODFLOW models for the Santa Fe River Basin (SFRB) and Lower Flint River Basin (LFRB) continued, along with the development of MODPATH and RT3D for the SFRB. IMPLAN models for the SFRB and LFRB were developed using the enterprise budgets from the farm/forest scale economic models and outputs from the biophysical watershed scale model. Biophysical and economic modeling was completed for three "simple" scenarios that used contemporary land use maps and assumed all producers used MS1 (highest BMP adoption); all used MS2 (moderate BMP adoption); or all used MS3 (least BMP adoption). Results were co-interpreted with stakeholders. A suite of additional scenarios (including current conditions, "realistic" scenarios, and "bookend" scenarios) was co-developed and refined. Scenario modeling results were presented to and co-interpreted with the PMP in June 2022. A study was performed to evaluate the impacts of climate change on the surface- and groundwater resources in the LFRB using the calibrated and validated SWAT-MODFLOW model described above. The study helped identify critical regions and stream sections within the watershed susceptible to climate change. Land Use Change Modeling: The economic optimization model that was developed to maximize aggregate landowner profit across the Little River Experimental Watershed GA via alternative land use choices subject to surface water quality restrictions will be extended to the SFRB and LFRB. This work is expected to advance in summer 2022. Stakeholder Preference & Valuation Research: Two surveys of FL and GA forest landowners were conducted to determine the willingness to accept (WTA) payment for the adoption of water conservation-based management practices. Results show that forest landowners are willing to accept water conservation programs that have minimal impact on current returns and production costs, and that they have greater preference for shorter rotations. A survey was conducted in FL and GA to assess public willingness to pay (WTP) for producer incentive programs to improve environmental outcomes. Preliminary results show that the public is willing to pay most for a program that has a positive economic impact on producers, followed by one that increases water quantity. Results also indicate that public WTP for incentive programs is greater than forest landowner WTA, suggesting a viable incentive program is possible. Analysis of public WTP respondents based on socio-demographics, perceived risk of the resources, and proximity to the resource is currently underway. A survey of FL and GA agricultural producers to determine the WTA payment for the adoption of water quality and quantity conservation practices is currently underway. Participatory Modeling Process (PMP) and Scenario Analyses: Several PMP meetings were held to focus on scenario generation and prioritization for regional modeling. Workshops were mostly conducted online and were often separated by state for more context-related discussions. Facilitators led the group through brainstorming and decision-making processes to agree on scenarios of interest that were also feasible for the project team to model with confidence. The PMP agreed upon scenarios to model in Phase 1 (four for GA, five for FL), with initial results presented and discussed at June 2022 GA and FL PMP meetings. Phase 2 scenarios will take more time to find data and/or flesh out assumptions and will be completed in year 6 of the project. Social Learning Research: Focus groups were conducted among modelers, extension, stakeholders, and the facilitation/management team to gather insights on the co-production process as it relates to the development of management systems and scenarios. A follow-up survey was administered among that same group. Data will be analyzed over the coming months and presented to the FACETS team. Communications Research: Experiments were conducted to assess how the use of moral foundation frames and cues affects partisan support for sustainable water policy. Results show that moral frames yielded changes in net policy support, while source cues altered the policy support gap between liberals and conservatives. When communicative competition was experimentally introduced, moral foundation framing effects lost statistical significance, though source cue effects endured. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with North FL rural producers and environmental professionals about the extent to which individuals self-identify with the natural environment. Producers tended to see humans and agriculture as playing positive instrumental roles in nature, environmental education, and sustainability, whereas environmental professionals saw certain kinds of farms and humans more generally as having detrimental impacts on the environment. Across groups, attitudes toward nature were overwhelmingly positive and connections to nature strong. BMP Research and Demonstrations: An infographic was developed and published on key findings from FL field trials. The process to develop an infographic for GA field trials key findings is underway. Two on-farm demos took place in FL and one in GA to help farmers better understand and increase adoption of BMPs. Digital Decision Toolkit: The SmartIrrigation Corn App was evaluated during the 2021 growing season and performed well compared to other scheduling tools. It was released for public use February2022. Extension Agent In-Service Trainings (ISTs): Five ISTs were hosted providing 133 Extension Professionals knowledge on BMPs including basics of irrigation. Water Schools for Decision Makers: Georgia Water Schools are currently being designed and planned for Fall 2022. Curriculum includes a general overview of water resources in the region with additional detail on the Floridan Aquifer, interactive panel discussions and presentation of FACETS project key messages. Management and Integration: Coordination: All-Team, Project Objective Scientist Teams, Participatory Modeling Process and Activity-focused meetings provided opportunities for integration and sharing of project activities. The 4th Annual Meeting was held in two online sessions in October 2021 to discuss project progress, needs and gaps for achieving outcomes, the no cost extension, and years 5 and 6 plans. The 5th Project Advisory Committee (PAC) meeting was held in January 2022 in two online sessions to provide updates on project progress with a focus on scenario development. Project coordinators continued bi-weekly management coordination meetings. Data management: Dropbox is used to share and store project documents. Project website provides information for the PAC, PMP and public. GA experimental data was mapped to ICASA units and will be uploaded to USDA AG data commons. External evaluation: An external evaluation was conducted, and a report was provided with results, evaluation methodology and recommendations. Recommendations have been incorporated into management and planning.

Publications

• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2022 Citation: Lee, D., N. G. F. Reaver, S. Rath, R. de Rooij, W. Graham, D. Kaplan (Accepted) (2022) Modeling the Impacts of Agricultural Practices on Nitrate Load and Streamflow in the Santa Fe River Basin, FL. 2022 UCOWR/NIWR Conference. June 14-16, 2022. Greenville, South Carolina.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2022 Citation: Huang, Y., R. Bawa, J. Mullen, N. Hoghooghi, L. Kalin, P. Dwivedi (Accepted) (2022) A Stochastic Dynamic Optimization Approach for Understanding Expected Land Use Changes to Meet Potential Water Quality Regulations: A Case Study from Georgia, United States. 2022 UCOWR/NIWR Conference. June 14-16, 2022. Greenville, South Carolina.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2022 Citation: Karki, R., L. Kalin, P. Srivastava (Other) (2022) Evaluating the Water Quantity and Environmental Benefits of Sustainable Agricultural Management Practices in the lower Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River Basin, USA. 2022 UCOWR/NIWR Annual Conference. June 14-16, 2022. Greenville, South Carolina.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2022 Citation: Bartels, W., C. Furman, K. Rowles (Accepted) (2022) Community Building for Participatory Modeling: Linking Stakeholders through Purposeful Engagement. 2022 UCOWR/NIWR Annual Conference. June 14-16, 2022. Greenville, South Carolina.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Sangster, S., M. Gruver, L. Lacerda, C. Perry, B. Washington, G. Vellidis (Published) (2022) Evaluation of Irrigation and Fertilization Strategies to Improve Irrigation and Nitrogen Water Use Efficiencies in Cotton. 2021 ASA, CSSA, SSSA International Annual Meeting. November 7-10, 2021. Salt Lake City, Utah.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Vellidis, G., C. Butts, I. Gallios, B. Ortiz (Published) (2022) Cropfit - an Integrated Smartirrigation Mobile App for Corn, Cotton, Peanut, and Soybean. 2021 ASA, CSSA, SSSA International Annual Meeting. November 7-10, 2021. Salt Lake City, Utah.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Gallios, I., C. Butts, C. Perry, G. Vellidis (Published) (2022) Making Irrigator Pro and Easier to Use Irrigation Scheduling Tool. 2021 ASA, CSSA, SSSA International Annual Meeting. November 7-10, 2021. Salt Lake City, Utah.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2022 Citation: Porter, W. (Accepted) (2002) Large Scale Implementation of Soil Moisture Sensors in Georgia: What Did We Learn?. 2022 UCOWR/NIWR Conference. June 12-16, 2022. Greenville, South Carolina.
• Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Bawa, R. (Published) (2021) Ecological and Economic Tradeoffs associated with Land Cover Change and Water Services in southeast United States. University of Georgia.
• Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Under Review Year Published: 2022 Citation: Merrick, R.J. (Under Review) (2022) Improving water use efficiency and water quality through enhanced irrigation scheduling and nutrient management practices. University of Florida.
• Type: Other Status: Accepted Year Published: 2021 Citation: Hundemer, S. (Accepted) (2021) Translating science: Perspectives of scientists, organizations, and the public. Panel at the STEM Translational Communication Center.
• Type: Other Status: Accepted Year Published: 2021 Citation: Hundemer, S. (Accepted) (2021) Speaking of and for water. Florida Waters Stewardship Program.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Under Review Year Published: 2022 Citation: Bawa, R., N. Hoghooghi, L. Kalin, P. Dwivedi (Under Review) (2022) Designing Watersheds for Integrated Development. Water Resources and Economics.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Haas, H., N. G. F. Reaver, R. Karki, L. Kalin, P. Srivastava, D. Kaplan, C. Gonzalez-Benecke (Published) (2022) Improving the representation of forests in hydrological models. Science of The Total Environment, Volume 812, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151425.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Haas, H., L. Kalin, P. Srivastava (Published) (2022) Improved forest dynamics leads to better hydrological predictions in watershed modeling. Science of The Total Environment, Volume 821, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153180.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Under Review Year Published: 2022 Citation: Huang, Y., P. Dwivedi, R. Karki, L. Kalin (Under Review) (2022) Impacts of Land Use Changes on Streamflow and Water Withdrawal Demand in a Heavily Irrigated Watershed in Southeastern USA. Land Use Policy.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Hundemer, S., M. C. Monroe, D. Kaplan (Published) (2022) The water science communication problem: Water knowledge and the acceptance or rejection of water science. Journal of Hydrology, Volume 604, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.127230.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Bawa, R., P. Dwivedi (Published) (2021) Estimating Marginal Costs of Additional Water Flow from a Loblolly Pine Stand in South Georgia, United States. Journal of Forestry, Volume 119, Issue 4, https://doi.org/10.1093/jofore/fvab010.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Under Review Year Published: 2022 Citation: Hundemer, S., D. Treise, M. Monroe (Under Review) (2022) A scarcity of biospheric values in local and regional reporting of water issues. Journal of Applied Communications.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2022 Citation: He, F., T. Borisova, K. Athearn,�R. Hochmuth, C. Barret (Accepted) (2022) Choosing nitrogen application rate recommendation given Floridas regulatory water policy. HortScience.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Under Review Year Published: 2022 Citation: Huang, Y., R. Bawa, J. Mullen, N. Hoghooghi, L. Kalin, P. Dwivedi (Under Review) (2022) A Stochastic Dynamic Optimization Approach for Understanding Expected Land Use Changes to Meet Potential Water Quality Regulations: A Case Study from Georgia, United States. Agricultural Water Management.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2022 Citation: Hundemer, S. (Accepted) (2022) Preventing polarization on emerging environmental topics. World Environmental Education Conference. March 14-18, 2022. Prague, Czech Republic.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2022 Citation: He, F., D. Lee, T. Borisova, W. Graham, K. Athearn, R. Hochmuth, M. Dukes, J. Merrick (Accepted) (2022) Profitability of Alternative Nutrient and Irrigation Management Systems in Corn, Peanut, and Carrot. 8th UF Water Institute Symposium. February 22-23, 2022. Gainesville, Florida.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2022 Citation: He, F., J. Lai, C.D. Court, T. Borisova, K. Athearn (Accepted) (2022) Agricultural Producers Willingness to Accept Incentive Payments for Adopting Nutrient and Irrigation Best Management Practices. Southern Extension Economics Committee Meeting. June 6-7, 2022. Clearwater Beach, Florida.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2022 Citation: Judd, R., Y. Liu, R. Karki, A. Smith, L. Kalin, U. Koirala, D. Adams (Accepted) (2022) Farm-Scale Economic Analysis of Cotton Experiments in Tifton, GA. Southern Extension Economics Committee Meeting. June 6-7, 2022. Clearwater Beach, Florida.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2022 Citation: Judd, R., Y. Liu, R. Karki, A. Smith, L. Kalin, U. Koirala, D. Adams (Accepted) (2022) Farm-Scale Economic Analysis of Cotton Experiments in Tifton, GA. Southern Agricultural Economics Association. February 12-15, 2022. New Orleans, Louisiana.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Under Review Year Published: 2022 Citation: Huang, Y., R. Bawa, P. Dwivedi, D. Zhao (Under Review) (2022) Stochastic Dynamic Optimization for Forest Rotation with Uncertain Stumpage Prices. Forest Science.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Under Review Year Published: 2022 Citation: Bawa, R., G. Colson, P. Dwivedi (Under Review) (2022) Monetary Compensation for Changes in Forest Cover and Water Services in Georgia, United States. Forest Policy & Economics.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2021 Citation: Koirala, U., N.G.F Reaver, H. Haas, A. Susaeta, D. Adams, L. Kalin, D. Kaplan, and W. Graham. (Accepted) (2021) Economics of Managing Southern Pine to Meet Timber, Non-Timber Forest Products and Ecosystem Services Demands. Society of American Foresters Annual Conference. October 1, 2021. Virtual.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Under Review Year Published: 2022 Citation: Hundemer, S., M. C. Monroe, D. Adams (Under Review) (2022) Policy communication under competitive conditions: The effect of moral foundation frames and political source cues on policy support and political polarization. Communication Research.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2022 Citation: Huang, Y., R. Bawa, P. Dwivedi (Accepted) (2022) A stochastic dynamic optimization approach for understanding expected land use changes to meet potential water quality regulations: A case study from Georgia, United States. Society of American Foresters. November 3, 2021. Virtual.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2021 Citation: Hundemer, S. (Accepted) (2021) Effective messaging in a competitive environment: The effect of moral frames and political sources on bipartisan support for environmental policy. International Congress for Conservation Biology. December 13-17, 2021. Virtual.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2022 Citation: Judd, R., Y. Liu, A. Smith, L. Kalin, U. Koirala, D. Adams (Accepted) (2022) Evaluating Best Management Practices using Computer Simulated Farm-Scale Cotton Experiments. Beltwide Cotton Conferences. January 4-6, 2022. San Antonio, Texas.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2021 Citation: Reaver, N. G. F., H. Haas, D. Kaplan, L. Kalin, W. Graham (Accepted) (2021) Representing silvicultural management practices in SWAT and quantifying their impact on water yield. American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting. December 13-17, 2021. New Orleans, Louisiana.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2021 Citation: Reaver, N. G. F., D. Lee, S. Rath, U. Koirala, F. He, H. Haas, R. de Rooij, D. Adams, T. Borisova, L. Kalin, A. Smith, D. Kaplan, W. Graham (Accepted) (2021) Quantifying tradeoffs among nitrate flux, water yield, and economic returns for agricultural and silvicultural practices in the Floridan Aquifer region. American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting. December 13-17, 2021. New Orleans, Louisiana.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2021 Citation: Lee, D., N. G. F. Reaver, S. Rath, R. de Rooij, W. Graham, D. Kaplan (Accepted) (2021) Impacts of Agricultural Management Practices on Groundwater Quality and Quantity in the Santa Fe River Basin, Florida. American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting. December 13-17, 2021. New Orleans, Louisiana.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2021 Citation: De Rooij, R., S. Rath, N. G. F. Reaver, D. Lee, W. Graham, D. Kaplan (Accepted) (2021) Combining SWAT-MODFLOW with MODPATH to Gain Additional Insights into Nitrate Transport in Terms of Source Areas, Pathlines and Travel Times.. American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting. December 13-17, 2021. New Orleans, Louisiana.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2021 Citation: Karki, R., L. Kalin, P. Srivastava, D. Tian (Other) (2021) Application of SWAT-MODFLOW for evaluating the impacts of climate change on the surface- and groundwater resources of the lower Apalachicola Chattahoochee Flint River Basin, USA. American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting. December 13-17, 2021. New Orleans, Louisiana.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2022 Citation: Rowles, K., et al. (Accepted) (2022) FACETS: Floridan Aquifer Collaborative Modeling for Sustainable Management. ACF Waters Conference. April 26-28, 2022. Albany, Georgia.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2022 Citation: de Rooij, R., S. Rath, N. G. F. Reaver, D. Lee, W. Graham, D. Kaplan (Accepted) (2022) Simulating nitrate transport to the devils springs complex using SWAT-MODFLOW and MODPATH. 8th UF Water Institute Symposium. February 22-23, 2022. Gainesville, Florida.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2022 Citation: Lee, D., N. G. F. Reever, R. de Rooij, S. Rath, D. Kaplan, W. Graham (Accepted) (2022) Modeling the impacts of agricultural management practices on groundwater in the Santa Fe River basin. 8th UF Water Institute Symposium. February 22-23, 2022. Gainesville, Florida.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2022 Citation: Reaver, N. G. F., D. Lee, S. Rath, U. Koirala, F. He, H. Haas, R. de Rooij, D. Adams, T. Borisova, L. Kalin, A. Smith, D. Kaplan, W. Graham (Accepted) (2022) Environmental and economic tradeoffs of land use and management in the Floridan aquifer region. 8th UF Water Institute Symposium. February 22-23, 2022. Gainesville, Florida.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2022 Citation: Hundemer, S. (Accepted) (2022) The Water Science Communication Problem: Water Knowledge and Acceptance/Rejection of Water Science. 8th UF Water Institute Symposium. February 22-23, 2022. Gainesville, Florida.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2022 Citation: Bartels, W., C. Furman, K. Rowles (Accepted) (2022) The room where it happens: Co-producing scenarios for the FACETS project. 8th UF Water Institute Symposium. February 22-23, 2022. Gainesville, Florida.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2022 Citation: Koirala, U. , K. Klizentyte, D. Adams, J. Lai (Accepted) (2022) Payments for forest ecosystem services: an integrated approach to value forest water benefits. 8th UF Water Institute Symposium. February 22-23, 2022. Gainesville, Florida.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2022 Citation: Reaver, N. G. F., D. Lee, S. Rath, U. Koirala, F. He, H. Haas, R. de Rooij, D. Adams, T. Borisova, L. Kalin, A. Smith, D. Kaplan, W. Graham (Accepted) (2022) Quantifying Environmental and Economic Tradeoffs for Agricultural and Silvicultural Practices in the Floridan Aquifer Region. 2022 UCOWR/NIWR Conference. June 14-16, 2022. Greenville, South Carolina.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2022 Citation: Cooper, N. (Accepted) (2022) A Comparison of Relationships with Nature among Water Stakeholders in North Florida. 8th UF Water Institute Symposium. February 22-23, 2022. Gainesville, Florida.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2022 Citation: Graham, W., D. Adams, K. Athearn, et al. (Accepted) (2022) Stakeholder-Driven Modeling in Support of Groundwater Sustainability: the Floridan Aquifer Collaborative Engagement for Sustainability.. 2022 UCOWR/NIWR Conference. June 14-16, 2022. Greenville, South Carolina.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2022 Citation: de Rooij, R., S. Rath, N. G. F. Reaver, D. Lee, W. Graham, D. Kaplan (Accepted) (2022) Simulating Nitrate Loading and Nitrate Transport to the Devils Springs Complex in the Santa Fe River Basin, FL using SWAT-MODFLOW and MODPATH. 2022 UCOWR/NIWR Conference. June 14-16, 2022. Greenville, South Carolina.

Progress 07/01/20 to 06/30/21

Outputs
Target Audience:Farmers, Foresters, Environmental Agency Personnel, Water Management Agency Personel, Non Governmental Organization Representatives, Private Industry Representatives, Extension Professionals, Researchers, Students Changes/Problems:Challenges faced this reporting period are primarily related to the Covid-19 pandemic and the resulting restrictions to conduct research in the field; have face-to-face interactions to conduct surveys, interviews, extension activities, project team meetings and stakeholder workshops; and present the results of the project through professional meetings and other in-person venues. Other problems encountered relate to data accessibility and student recruitment and turnover (which was exacerbated by the Covid-19 situation). Although most challenges have been addressed, some delays in the project timeline have occurred. 1. Challenges due to the COVID-19 pandemic: Biophysical modeling: The biophysical modeling team adapted well to an "all-Zoom" mode, however social isolation and zoom fatigue factors have had some effect on productivity. Coupling, calibrating, and validating the SWAT-MODFLOW model has progressed more slowly than expected; however, we are confident that the coupled model will be ready for simulation of simplified scenarios in time to produce results for the fall 2021 PMP meeting. Engagement with, and feedback from, the PMP has been challenging during the COVID lockdown, and it will be critical to continue/revitalize in-person engagement as we proceed with co-developing and co-interpreting future scenarios. Participatory Modeling Process: Due to COVID-19 and travel restrictions our PMP meetings continued in virtual format. Because zoom is more taxing with regards to information processing and engagement, we aimed to keep webinars shorter than 2 hours each. This timeframe limited the amount on material covered and the depth of discussions. It also added to preparatory work required with project team members to ensure highly efficient use of everybody's time in the collective online environment. We believe that we have adapted as well as can be expected and continue to meet the needs of the project. However, we recognize that the format adds strain to the entire team and reduces quality of engagement with stakeholders. To monitor satisfaction and needs, the facilitators conducted two check-in meetings with stakeholders. During these informal discussions on zoom we learned how they were coping and gleaned suggestions for improvements. At least one PMP activity has been delayed (scenarios generation) due to the lack of in-person meetings. We were able to modify the process to accommodate this delay but will need to make further adaptations to our plans for this activity if we cannot meet in person early in the next project year. Social Learning Research: COVID-19 eliminated the ability for face-to-face interactions and therefore interrupted the social learning research. Social learning research is based around the type of intensive interaction that is difficult to manage in a virtual setting. Communications Research: While some aspects of the work have proceeded without delay (predominately data collection via online surveys and interviews), elements of the work that rely on relationship building and the scenarios from biophysical modeling have been delayed. Field research: The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in lockdowns throughout the U.S. in March of 2020. Accordingly, field sampling activities were curtailed for several weeks early in the Florida corn crop season. When field activity was allowed to resume, it was at a greatly reduced capacity due to the need for social distancing. Thus, sampling was reduced to fit the new capabilities. However, a minimum data set was collected to support the biophysical modeling effort. Extension programing: We were unable to host any formal in-person meetings for most of 2020 and part of 2021 due to COVID-19. Thus, some of the trainings and travel we had planned were cancelled. The Water Schools for Decision Makers in Florida were adapted to an online setting presenting multiple challenges to foster learning exchange and discussion. Management: Due to restrictions to meet in-person the objectives of the 4th annual project meeting were accomplished during monthly All-Hands meetings. Project coordination had to adapt to online and virtual environments which required more planning and flexibility. The project timeline has been adapted accordingly and the need for a no-cost extension has been assessed by project team coordination and leadership. 2. Challenges due to data gaps/accessibility and methods: WTA/WTP surveys: COVID-19 created significant challenges for the survey data collection. To overcome this, the Florida Survey Research Center was hired to assist with the implementation of the WTA surveys. To ensure that enough survey responses are collected to conduct the required statistical analysis, the decision was made to combine the originally planned two WTA survey rounds (the first to investigate WTA from an individual producer's perspective and the second to investigate WTA when impacts of collective action are considered) into a single survey. These changes were made in response to low response rates in the pre-test surveys as well as recommendations by the extension team. Land Use Change: Land use change modeling for assessing economic impact of monetary incentives has been delayed until the results of the SFRB and LFRB regional biophysical-economic modeling scenarios have been developed and interpreted with PMP stakeholders. A working model is ready to implement the required analysis once regional model development is complete. Other Changes: Travel restrictions due to COVID-19 delayed the recruitment of students which in turn delayed project activities. Also, COVID-19 lockdowns have been extremely hard on some students, particularly those international students who joined the project at the peak of the pandemic. In particular, one international student is on extended leave to care for his mental health which has delayed some of the work. Pending this student's return, a former grad student was hired part-time to advance in the work. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Students and Post-Doctoral Associates: Opportunities for training and professional development during this reporting period included mentorship of four undergraduate students, 15 graduate students and five post-doctoral associates. Training included model use and development (SWAT, SWAT-MODFLOW, DSSAT CSM-CROPGRO, @Risk, Simetar©, IMPLAN), field data collection and analysis, statistical methods and data management, econometric methods, choice modeling, remote sensing, online facilitation techniques, focus group implementation,survey design, design and implementation of extension programming, manuscript writing and delivery of effective oral and poster presentations at project meetings and state/national/international professional meetings. Students developed skills and gained experience in conducting interdisciplinary, integrative, and collaborative science. As part of the Participatory Modeling Process (PMP), graduate students also had the experience of communicating with non-academic audiences, enabling them to develop better communication skills for broad audiences and providing them an opportunity to influence real-world outcomes. In this reporting period five students graduated (two from University of Florida, two from Auburn University and one from University of Georgia). The University of Florida graduate student working on water knowledge and belief in the Floridan aquifer region (S. Hundemer) was awarded the University of Florida School of Forest Resources and Conservation Outstanding Graduate Student of the Year for 2021. University of Georgia graduate student working on WTA to improve water flows in forestlands (R. Bawa) received the River Basin Center (RBC) John Spencer Research Grant from his university. The Auburn University grad student working on biophysical regional modeling (H. Hass) received the Outstanding International Student Award from Auburn School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, as well as a Summer Institute Award from the National Water Center. The undergraduate student supporting communications research, and co-author of the project fact sheets (G. Sullivan), was awarded the University of Florida College of Agricultural and Life Sciences J. Wayne Reitz Medal of Excellence. Project PMP and team members: The discussion of the project's models through the Participatory Modeling Process is a learning experience for all involved -- project team, graduate students, and stakeholders. It provides an opportunity for learning about technical aspects of the models, real-world conditions that the models are intended to represent, policy implications of model results, as well as opportunities to develop skills in interdisciplinary, integrative, and collaborative science. The PMP fosters multi-disciplinary learning among the project team members and helps them to develop stakeholder outreach, engagement, and collaboration skills. Several graduate students have been presenters at PMP meetings (workshops, webinars). These presentations are developed with the project facilitators to ensure clear communication with a broad audience and thereby provide them with experience in communicating with non-academic audiences and an opportunity to influence real-world outcomes. Extension agents, water conservation district staff and farmers: Formal and informal In-Service Trainings provided opportunities for the professional development of extension agents, farmers, and decision makers in the area of BMPs, digital decision tools, advanced technology and water/nutrient conservation (80 participants in GA, 94 in FL). Four On-Farm demos provided professional development opportunities to farmers, extension agents, agency and conservation professionals on soil moisture sensors and other water saving BMPs, Total Maximum Daily Loads and nutrient leaching (~150 participants). Water Schools in Florida offered professional development to eighteen local decision-makers and opinion leaders in the following topics: water quality policies impacting north Florida; traditional and alternative water supply sources in the region; strategies that local communities can take to address water resource challenges; and links between local economy, water quality, and water quantity. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The project maintains a website (Floridanwater.org) to communicate activities to the general public and to provide a project document archive for Project Advisory Committee and Participatory Modeling Process (PMP) members and other interested stakeholders. Publications: In this reporting period seven peer-reviewed publications that include project results have been published and twelve are in review in the following journals: Agricultural Water Management, Canadian Journal of Forest Research, Environmental Pollution, Forest Policy and Economics, Irrigation Science, Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, Journal of Forestry, Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, Journal of the Soil and Water Association, and Water Resources and Economics. In addition, four extension fact sheets were published, and two datasets have been made public via institutional repositories (Florida Field Trials on USDA Ag data commons and Water science communication on Harvard Dataverse). Finally, Project results were also highlighted in "Ichetucknee: Beloved Blue River", a compilation developed by the Ichetucknee Alliance (led by PMP member Lucinda Merrit). Professional and academic meetings: Twenty-two presentations of the project and its findings were presented to local, state, national and international communities of interest including: 2020 Beltwide Cotton Conferences. January 5-7, 2021. Virtual Conference (1) Agricultural and Applied Economics Association Annual Meeting. August 10-11, 2020. Virtual Conference (1) Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatic Sciences Symposium, February 25-26, 2021. Virtual Conference (1). Georgia Water Resources Conference. March 22-23, 2021, UGA. (2) National Academy of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine, Reducing the Health Impacts of the Nitrogen Workshop. February 11, 2021. Virtual Conference (1) Seventh Interagency Conference on Research in the Watersheds. November 16-19, 2020. Virtual Conference (10) Society of American Foresters National Meeting. October 29-31, 2020. Virtual Conference (3) Southern Agricultural Economics Association Annual Meeting. February 6-9, 2021. Virtual Conference (2) University of Waterloo Water Institute Seminar Series. January 21, 2021. Virtual. (1) Stakeholders: PMP participants have been kept informed of project results and progress through four PMP Workshops and eight webinars. Through engagement with the PMP and the PAC, the project continues to provide outreach on a deep level to a set of highly engaged stakeholders. Each of the project webinars and workshops has resulted in a meeting report that is geared toward the PMP audience. These reports are available on the project website with all presentation materials and discussion highlights. To date, work in the Participatory Modeling Process is very focused on communicating the model results to the diverse audience of the network of stakeholders and multidisciplinary researchers involved in the project. Much of the preparation for PMP workshops and meetings is focused on honing the communication of model development and results to this audience. Project results were presented to the Project Advisory Committee (PAC) in an on-line workshop (October 2020) and the project coordination team provides regular updates to the PAC through email and posting documentation on the project website. A presentation about the project was given to the Suwannee River Partnership Board in February 2020. The board (which includes decision makers in the study region) provided positive feedback about the PMP process and the project results. Other external stakeholders that were informed about the project include technical resource people and speakers that supported the planning and execution of the Water Schools (including experts and decision makers from the Suwannee River Water Management District, University of Florida, Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Alachua County Environmental Protection Department, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, and The Nature Conservancy). Finally, an article about the Water Schools was distributed via the Natural Resources Leadership Institute newsletter/blog http://blogs.ifas.ufl.edu/nrli/ that reaches an audience of 350 natural resources professionals across Florida. Extension: Farm field trials and other relevant project results were presented to county extension agents, water conservation district technicians, crop consultants and farmers through public presentations, on-farm field days/demonstrations, county agent meetings, and In-Service Trainings. Project results were also presented at professional meetings attended by water professionals including state agencies and water management districts. Members of the project team with extension appointments engaged with communities of interest using social media platforms (Twitter, Facebook, Blogs, and Instagram). What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Biophysical Farm/Forest Scale Modeling: This task is complete. Economic Farm/Forest Scale Modeling: This task is complete. Biophysical Watershed Scale Modeling: The SWAT-MODFLOW model calibrations for the LFRB in GA, and the SWAT-MODFLOW-MODPATH-RT3D model calibrations for the SFRB in FL will be fine-tuned. The simple scenario results for both the SFRB and LFRB will be co-interpreted with stakeholders and the models will be refined as necessary. A full suite of alternative future scenarios will be co-developed with stakeholders and used to drive the watershed scale biophysical models in both FL and GA. Regional Economic Modeling: Results from the baseline IMPLAN models and simple scenarios for both the SFRB and LFRB will be co-interpreted with stakeholders and the IMPLAN models will be refined as necessary. Alternative future economic scenarios for each watershed will be simulated using the watershed scale biophysical outputs and resulting regional environmental-economic tradeoffs will be co-interpreted with stakeholders. Land Use Change Modeling: The land use change modeling framework developed for the Little River Watershed will be modified as appropriate and used to model land use change in the LFRB and SFRB. Stakeholder Preference & Valuation Research: Analysis of the Willingness to Accept (WTA) survey results for FL and GA forest producers will be completed in Fall 2021 and the WTA surveys for FL and GA agricultural producers will be deployed in spring 2022. The public Willingness to Pay (WTP) survey will be deployed in Fall 2021. Results of the WTP and WTA surveys will be presented to PMP stakeholders and used to evaluate the likelihood of alternative future land use and land management scenarios being adopted. PMP & Scenario Analysis: By the end of summer 2021 we will have completed presenting and collaboratively interpreting the farm/forest scale model results, and stakeholders and project team members will have a good understanding of the water and nutrient balances and net producer returns for alternative priority crops and crop management systems in the study region. During the next year we will present and co-interpret results of the simple scenarios to understand the regional economic-environmental tradeoffs of individual producer decisions when aggregated to the watershed scale. The simple scenarios represent the first iteration of scenarios for the project. We anticipate holding an in-person meeting in fall 2021 to work with the PMP network to collaboratively develop additional future scenarios to simulate with the regional models. In the spring of 2022, we will collaboratively interpret results of the future scenario analyses and discuss tradeoffs across variables at the watershed scale. Following this phase, we will focus on key message development which will involve collaborative engagement with the PMP stakeholders, the PAC and the project team. Social Learning Research: We aim to publish two papers in the next project year, the first of which will focus on participation and integration to highlight power dynamics and continue to deepen our understanding of trust building. During that analysis, we will also consider transaction costs involved in participatory modeling. The second paper will review the full participatory modeling process to glean lessons learned, highlighting benefits and challenges, and assessing insights and potential applications beyond project closure. We will collect data on changes in perceptions of the system, its components and the relationships involved. Communications Research: We will conduct framing experiments to assess how the use of moral foundation frames and cues affects partisan support for sustainable water policy and will conduct interviews with stakeholder group members about environmental identities. We will continue to support the economic modelling team to frame WTA/WTP surveys and assess how values moderate the results. Finally, we will develop a water communication guide with recommendations for effectively conveying FACETS results. BMP Field trials: BMP Field trials are complete in FL and GA; however, field researchers will continue participation in project meetings to support the biophysical modeling team and the participatory modeling process. Key findings will be published, and key messages developed for the field BMP research. In GA, the field experiments on cotton are continuing (to replace the crop lost in Hurricane Michael) with supplemental funding from the Georgia Agricultural Commodity Commission for Cotton. On Farm Demos: On Farm Demos in Florida will continue to demonstrate the effectiveness of water and nutrient management and cover crop BMPs. Digital Decision Toolkit: The SmartIrrigation Corn App is being reevaluated and modified. Field work is continuing to validate the changes. Extension Agent In-Service Trainings: During the next year one in-service training with Extension professionals in Florida and one with Extension professionals in Georgia will be conducted. Water Schools for Decision Makers in Florida: During the next year we will identify how the critical results from FACETS research can be integrated into the Water Schools curriculum. Management: WI project coordinator bi-weekly meetings, monthly All-Hands meetings, POST, Activity-focused, and PMP meetings will continue. The key messages team will coordinate the identification of key findings and key messages to develop fact sheets and other project outreach materials. The 5th annual Project Team meeting and 5th PAC meeting will be held in Fall 2021. In addition, guidance from the PAC will be requested as project needs arise. Data management efforts will continue, focusing on archiving project data and models in permanent repositories. The evaluator will work closely with the Project Team to implement the planned monitoring and evaluation activities.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? IMPACT: Stakeholders understand water and nutrient balances for various cropping systems and BMPs. Scientist increased communication skills and coproduction of farm/forest-scale models with stakeholders has improved accuracy of predictions. FL local decision makers gained knowledge of water issues, policies and resources in the state. Farmers, extension agents and conservation professionals gained knowledge of BMPs. Biophysical and Economic Farm/Forest-Scale Modeling: Farm/forest-scale @Risk and Simetar© economic models and SWAT biophysical models for priority crops were refined based on stakeholder feedback. The crops and rotations include corn-peanut, corn-carrot-peanut, cotton-cotton-peanut, corn-cotton-peanut, pasture, hay, and three pine tree species. The models were extrapolated across the Santa Fe River Basin (SFRB) FL and Lower Flint River Basin (LFRB) GA using contemporary land use maps and 30-year historical weather. Water and nitrogen footprints and producer net returns were evaluated for each cropping system using 3 crop management systems (MS) developed with stakeholders. Economic-environmental tradeoffs of land use-crop management decisions were evaluated with stakeholders for the range of soils occurring in each watershed over the 30-year weather record. Biophysical Watershed Scale Modeling: Calibration of SWAT and SWAT-MODFLOW models for the SFRB and LFRB continued, along with development of MODPATH and RT3D for the SFRB. In the SFRB 4 simple scenarios were simulated. Three scenarios used contemporary land use maps and assumed either all producers used MS1 (highest BMP adoption); all used MS2 (moderate BMP adoption); or all used MS3 (least BMP adoption). The 4th scenario assumed all land was converted to slash pine plantation. Simple scenario results are being used to investigate model behavior and collective water quality and quantity impacts of individual producer decisions at the watershed scale. In the LFRB, irrigation increases projected by the Georgia Water Planning & Policy Center were simulated to identify critical areas and river reach sections in the LFRB that are susceptible to increases in irrigation. Modeling of the simple scenarios is currently underway in the LFRB. Regional Economic Modeling: IMPLAN models for the SFRB and LFRB were developed for the contemporary land use baseline condition using the enterprise budgets developed for the farm/forest scale economic models. These IMPLAN models are being driven by the biophysical watershed scale model outputs from the simple scenarios to evaluate regional economic impacts. Regional economic-environmental tradeoffs among the simple scenarios will be co-interpreted with stakeholders and a full suite of future scenarios will be developed for each watershed. Land Use Change Modeling: An economic optimization model was developed to maximize aggregate landowner profit across the Little River Experimental Watershed GA via alternative land use choices subject to surface water quality restrictions. This work will serve as a model template for related applications in the LFRB and SFRB. Stakeholder Preference & Valuation Research: Two Willingness-to-Accept surveys were deployed to determine the willingness of forest landowners to accept payment for the adoption of water conservation-based management practices. The expected changes in the profitability of forest landowners relative to changes in silvicultural practices to enhance water yields were also evaluated. Survey design to determine willingness of FL and GA farmers to accept payment for the adoption of water quality and quantity conservation practices is currently underway. The survey will target corn, peanut, cotton, and hay/pasture operations. The design of a public Willingness to Pay survey is currently underway to support communications research and to assess the perceived value to society of meeting environmental goals via producer incentives. Participatory Modeling Process (PMP) and Scenario Analyses: Adapting the PMP process to a virtual environment to maintain progress and meaningful participation during COVID-19 required considerable planning. Two PMP Webinars and 2 check-in meetings with PMP stakeholders were held to co-interpret farm/forest scale modeling results. Strong relationships among project team and stakeholders engaged in PMP helped develop shared understanding of project models. Social Learning Research: Data collection to understand social learning among PMP participants and their understanding and opinions continued. Communications Research: An Ordinary Water Science Knowledge assessment was developed to measure recognition of water facts and scientific consensus at a level that would enable FL/GA residents to participate in water discussions and make voting decisions on water topics. Four fact sheets providing introductory information related to water challenges and solutions in the Floridan Aquifer region were developed and used in the Water Schools. BMP Research and Demonstrations: The 3rd and final year of field research quantifying crop yield, water savings and nutrient loss across a range of irrigation, nutrient management and cover crop practices was completed in FL and GA. Three sets of on-farm demos took place in FL and one in GA to help farmers understand and increase adoption of BMP practices. Digital Decision Toolkit: Development work began on the nitrogen component of an App which is being evaluated on iPhone and Android platforms. Extension Agent In-Service Trainings: Three IST were hosted providing 77 Extension Agents knowledge on BMPs including basics of irrigation. Informal soil and moisture IST were also offered supporting 70 participants to gain experience with the technology. Water Schools for Decision Makers: A series ofWaterWorkshops for Decision-Makers in the Suwanee River Basin were hosted. Three 2-hour sessions provided an opportunity to discuss water challenges, policies, and local priorities with regional and state agencies, and to allow decision makers to network and exchange ideas. The workshops were supported by water resource experts from 7 institutions and attended by 18 local decision-makers and opinion leaders. Management and Integration: Coordination: All-Team, Project Objective Scientist Team, Participatory Modeling Process and Activity focused meetings, provided opportunities for integration and sharing of project activities. The 4th Project Advisory Committee (PAC) meeting was held online; webinar recordings on research updates and results were provided to the PAC; and the PAC was contacted for input on specific project components (e.g. support Water Schools planning). Monthly All-Hands meetings took place in lieu of the Annual Meeting due to in-person meeting restrictions. Project coordinators continued bi-weekly management coordination meetings. Data management: Dropbox is used to share and store project documents. Project website provides information for the PAC, PMP and public. FL experimental data was mapped to ICASA units and uploaded to USDA AG data commons. Communications research survey data was uploaded on Harvard Dataverse. FL modeling data is being uploaded to CUAHSI Hydroshare. Key messages: A process to identify project key findings and key messages for outreach and communication purposes was designed. Key findings and messages will be presented on project website and outreach publications (i.e. fact sheets, infographics). External evaluation: The evaluation plan was adapted to changing needs. An evaluation for the Water Schools in FL was conducted and a 2nd project network analysis is underway.

Publications

• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2020 Citation: de Rooij, R., P. Spellman, S. Rath, N. Reaver, W. Graham, D. Kaplan (Accepted) (2020) The Importance of Process Representation for Simulating Coupled Surface-groundwater Flow: A Comparison of SWAT, SWAT-MODFLOW and DisCo. Seventh Interagency Conference on Research in the Watersheds. November 16-19, 2020. Virtual Conference.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2020 Citation: Graham, W., D. Kaplan, D. Adams, K. Athearn, T. Borisova, W.L. Bartels, M. Monroe, L. Staal, M. Dukes, C. Barrett, K. Rowles, M. Masters, A. Smith, P. Dwevidi, C. Furman, G. Vellidis, W. Porter, P. Srivastava (Accepted) (2020) Stakeholder-Driven Modeling in Support of Groundwater Sustainability: the Floridan Aquifer Collaborative Engagement for Sustainability. Seventh Interagency Conference on Research in the Watersheds. November 16-19, 2020. Virtual Conference.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2020 Citation: Haas, H, L. Kalin, P. Srivastava, N.G.F. Reaver, D.A. Kaplan (Other) (2020) Scrutinizing the Significance of Trees in Watershed Modeling. Seventh Interagency Conference on Research in the Watersheds. November 16-19, 2020. Virtual Conference.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2021 Citation: Haas, H, L. Kalin (Other) (2021) Improved Forest Processes and Attributes Enhance Hydrological Predictions in Watershed Modeling. Georgia Water Resources Conference. March 22-23, 2021, UGA.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2021 Citation: He, F., D. Lee, T. Borisova, W. Graham, K. Athearn, R. Hochmuth, C. Barrett, M. Dukes, J. Merrick (Other) (2021) Evaluating Farm-level Tradeoff between Nutrient Leaching and Economic Returns. Southern Agricultural Economics Association Annual Meeting. February 7-9, 2021. Virtual Conference.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2020 Citation: He, F., D. Lee, T. Borisova, W. Graham, K. Athearn, R. Hochmuth, C. Barrett, M. Dukes, J. Merrick (Other) (2020) Integration of the Economic and Hydrologic Modeling to Evaluate and Communicate the Tradeoffs between Water Quality and Economic Benefits at Farm Scale. Agricultural and Applied Economics Association Annual Meeting. August 10-11, 2020. Virtual Conference.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Klizentyte, K., A. Susaeta, A. Sharma, D. Adams (Published) (2020) Economic Tradeoffs of Even-aged and Uneven Aged Longleaf Pine Management. Society of American Foresters National Meeting. October 29-31, 2020. Virtual Conference.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Koirala, U., D. Adams, A. Susaeta, E. Akande (Published) (2020) Binomial Option Valuation to Economically Optimal Southern Forest Production under Intensive and Extensive Management Systems. Society of American Foresters National Meeting. October 29-31, 2020. Virtual Conference.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Koirala, U., D. Adams, J. Soto (Published) (2020) Non-Industrial Private Forest Landowners' Willingness to Accept Payments for Improving Water Resources in the Floridan Aquifer. Society of American Foresters National Meeting. October 29-31, 2020. Virtual Conference.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Koirala, U., D. Adams, J. Soto (Published) (2020) Agricultural Producers' Preference for Cost-share Program for Water Quality and Quantity Improvement in the Florida Aquifer. Seventh Interagency Conference on Research in the Watersheds. November 16-19, 2020. Virtual Conference.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2020 Citation: Rath, S., W. Graham, D. Kaplan (Accepted) (2020) Impact of Land Use Change and Different Management Practices on Nitrate Loading to Groundwater in Santa Fe River Basin. Seventh Interagency Conference on Research in the Watersheds. November 16-19, 2020. Virtual Conference.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Bawa, R., and P. Dwivedi (Published) (2021) Estimating Marginal Costs of Additional Water Flow from a Loblolly Pine Stand in South Georgia, United States, Journal of Forestry. fvab010, https://doi.org/10.1093/jofore/fvab010.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Under Review Year Published: 2021 Citation: Bawa, R., G. Colson, and P. Dwivedi (Under Review) (2021) Monetary Compensation for Changes in Forest Cover and Water Services in Georgia, United States. Forest Policy & Economics.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Bawa, R., and P. Dwivedi (Published) (2021) Impact of Land Cover on Groundwater Quality in the Upper Floridan Aquifer in Florida, United States. Environmental Pollution. 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.06.054.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Under Review Year Published: 2021 Citation: Bawa, R., N. Hooghooghi, L. Kalin, P. Dwivedi (Under Review) (2021) Designing Watersheds for Integrated Development: Combining Hydrological and Economic Modeling for Optimizing Land Use Change to Meet Water Quality Regulation. Water Resources & Economics.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Other Year Published: 2021 Citation: Karki, R., P. Srivastava, L. Kalin, D. Tian (In Preparation) Application of SWAT-MODFLOW for Evaluating the Impacts of Climate Change on the Surface and Groundwater Resources of the Lower Apalachicola Chattahoochee-Flint River Basin, USA.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Karki, R., P. Srivastava, L. Kalin, S. Mitra, S. Singh (Published)(2021) Assessment of Impact in Groundwater Levels and Stream-aquifer Interaction due to Increased Groundwater Withdrawal in the Lower Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint (ACF) River Basin using MODFLOW. Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Under Review Year Published: 2021 Citation: Karki, R., P. Srivastava, L. Kalin, H. Haas, W. F. Alves (Under Review) Impact of Hydrological Calibration in SWAT Groundwater Recharge Simulation: A Case Study in the Flint River Basin, Georgia, USA. Journal of Hydrology.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2021 Citation: Rath, S., M.I. Zamora, M. Dukes, W. Graham, D. Kaplan (Accepted) (2021) Quantifying Nitrate Leaching to Groundwater from a Corn-Peanut Rotation under a Variety of Irrigation and Nutrient Management Practices in the Suwannee River Basin, Florida. Agricultural Water Management. Volume 246.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2020 Citation: Smith, A., G. Hancock, U. Koirala, R. Karki, K. Athearn, Y. Liu (Accepted) (2020) Economics of Best Management Practices to Improve Water Quality & Quantity in the Upper Floridan Aquifer. Seventh Interagency Conference on Research in the Watersheds. November 16-19, 2020. Virtual Conference.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2021 Citation: Smith, A., R. Judd, Y. Liu (Accepted) (2021) Risk Preference and Economics of Best Management Practices to Improve Water Quality and Quantity in the Upper Floridan Aquifer. Georgia Water Resources Conference. March 22-23, 2021, UGA.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Other Year Published: 2021 Citation: Haas, H, N. Reaver, R. Karki, L. Kalin, P. Srivastava, D. Kaplan, C. Gonzalez-Benecke (In Preparation) Improving Biophysical Parameters Estimation and Plant Growth Representation of Forests in Hydrological Models: A Case Study for the Southeastern United States.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Submitted Year Published: 2021 Citation: He, F., T. Borisova, K. Athearn, R. Hochmuth, C. Barrett (In Preparation) Economic Analysis to Support the Development of Nitrogen Application Rate Best Management Practice., Journal of Soil and Water Association (preparing to re-submit after initial rejection).
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Other Year Published: 2021 Citation: Spellman, P., R. de Rooij, S. Rath, N. Reaver, D. Kaplan, W. Graham (In Preparation) Comparison of SWAT and SWAT-MODFLOW for the Santa Fe Basin Florida.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Other Year Published: 2021 Citation: Lee, D. W. Graham, D. Kaplan, C. Barrett (In Preparation) Modeling Water and Nutrient Balances for Hay and Pasture Production in the Suwannee River Basin, Florida.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Other Year Published: 2021 Citation: Lee, D., W. Graham, J. Merrick, M. Dukes (In Preparation) Quantifying Nitrate Leaching to Groundwater from Carrot Production under a Variety of Water and Nutrient Management Practices in the Suwannee River Basin, Florida.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Other Year Published: 2021 Citation: Reaver, N., D. Kaplan, W. Graham (In Preparation) Modeling Water and Nutrient Balances for Forest Production in the Suwannee River Basin, Florida.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Susaeta, A., K. Klyzentyte, A. Sharma, D. Adams (Published) (2021) Can Uneven-aged Management Improve the Economic Performance of Longleaf Pine?, Canadian Journal of Forest Research. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2020-0437.
• Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2021 Citation: Bawa, R. (Accepted) (2021) Ecological and Economic Tradeoffs Associated with Land Cover Change and Water Services in Southeast United States. Dissertation (PhD). University of Georgia
• Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2020 Citation: Haas, H. (Accepted) (2020) Capturing Forest Dynamics in Hydrologic Modeling. Dissertation (MS). Auburn University.
• Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2020 Citation: Karki, R (Accepted) (2020) Towards Improving Agricultural and Environmental Sustainability in the Lower Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River Basin by Understanding the Agricultural and Climate Change Impacts on the Surface and Groundwater Resources. (PhD). Auburn University
• Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2021 Citation: Rath, S (Accepted) (2021) Agricultural Water Security through Sustainable use of the Floridan Aquifer: An Integrated Study of Water Quantity and Water Quality Impacts. Dissertation (PhD). University of Florida
• Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2020 Citation: Tadych, D. (Accepted) (2020) Investigating Soil Parameters Effect on Crop Yields and Hydrology at Field Scale in the Southeast US Using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool. Dissertation (MS). Auburn University.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2020 Citation: Furman, C., W. Bartels, K. Rowles, M. Masters (Accepted) (2020) The Integration of Social Learning and Facilitation Methods to Enhance Stakeholder Engagement for the Facets Project. Seventh Interagency Conference on Research in the Watersheds. November 16-19, 2020. Virtual Conference. (Conference Papers and Presentations)
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Hundemer, S. (Published) (2021). The Water Science Communication Problem: Water Knowledge and the Acceptance or Rejection of Water Science. Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatic Sciences Symposium. March 26, 2021. Virtual Conference.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Other Year Published: 2021 Citation: Hundemer, S., D. Treise, M.C. Monroe (In Preparation) Framing of Regional Water Issues Implies the Reasons People Should Care about Water and Who should be Blamed for its Degradation.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Under Review Year Published: 2021 Citation: Hundemer, S., M. C. Monroe, D. Kaplan (Under Review) The Water Science Communication Problem: Water Knowledge and the Acceptance or Rejection of Water Science. Journal of Hydrology.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Other Year Published: 2021 Citation: Bartels, W. and C.A. Furman. (in preparation)(2021). Building community in participatory modeling through social learning and adaptive process design. Nature Human Behavior.
• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Monroe, M., C. Barrett (Published) (2021) Basics of Agricultural BMPs in North Florida and Southwest Georgia. Fact Sheet for Water Schools.
• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Sullivan, G., M. C. Monroe (Published) (2021) Water's Journey through Natural and Human Systems. Fact Sheet for Water Schools.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Bhattarai, A., Y. Liu, A. Smith, V. Liakos, G. Vellidis (Published) (2020) Economic Risk Analysis of Modern Irrigation Scheduling Methods on Cotton Production in Georgia., Southern Agricultural Economics Association Annual Meeting. February 6-9, 2021. Virtual Conference.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Bhattarai, A., Y. Liu, V. Liakos, G. Vellidis, A. Smith (Published) (2020) Economic Analysis of Modern Irrigation Scheduling Strategies on Cotton Production under Different Tillage Systems in South Georgia. Seventh Interagency Conference on Research in the Watersheds. November 16-19, 2020. Virtual Conference.
• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Cooper, N., M. Monroe (Published) (2021) Water Quality in the Floridan Aquifer Region. Fact Sheet for Water Schools.
• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Hundemer, S., M. Monroe (Published) (2021) Water Availability in Southwest Georgia and North Florida. Fact Sheet for Water Schools.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2021 Citation: Borisova, T., C. Barrett, G. Cowie, P. Carton de Grammont (Other) Water Workshops for Decision-Makers in Suwannee River Basin. Extension Professional Associations of Florida, 2021 Annual Meeting (submitted). September 13-16, 2021.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Zamora Re, M.I., M.D. Dukes, D. Hensley, D. Rowland, W. Graham (Published) (2020) The Effect of Irrigation Strategies and Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates on Maize Growth and Grain Yield. Irrigation Science. 38:461-478, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00271-020-00687-y
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Toffanin, A., G. Vellidis (Published) (2020) Predicting Precision Nitrogen Side-dress Applications for Maize with a Simulation Model. Seventh Interagency Conference on Research in the Watersheds. November 16-19, 2020. Virtual Conference.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Vellidis, G., M. Gruver, L. Lacerda, C. Perry, A. Toffanin, B.J. Washington (Published) (2020) Evaluation of Irrigation and Fertilization Strategies to Improve Irrigation and Nitrogen Water Use Efficiencies in Cotton. 2020 Beltwide Cotton Conferences. January 5-7, 2021. Virtual Conference.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Ermanis, A., S. Gobbo, J.L. Snider, Y. Cohen, V. Liakos, L. Lacerda, G. Vellidis (Published) (2020) Defining Physiological Contributions to Yield Loss in Response to Irrigation in Cotton. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science. 2021; 207: 186 196. https://doi.org/10.1111/jac.12453.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Zamora Re, M.I., S. Rath, M.D. Dukes, W. Graham (Published) (2020) Water and Nitrogen Budget Dynamics for a Maize-Peanut Rotation in Florida. Transactions of the ASABE. 63:2003-2020, https://doi.org/10.13031/trans.
• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Carton de Grammont, P., T. Borisova, C. Barrett (Published) NRLI Alums Team up To Offer Training about Water Resource Management In Suwannee River Basin to Local Decision-Makers., NRLI Alumni Newsletter.
• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Sharma, V., C.E. Barrett, D. Broughton, T. Obreza (Published) (2020) Crop Water Use and Irrigation Scheduling Guide for North Florida. EDIS 2020 (6). https://doi.org/10.32473/edis-ss491-2020.
• Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Under Review Year Published: 2021 Citation: Merrick, R.J (Under Review) Improving Water use Efficiency and Water Quality through Enhanced Irrigation Scheduling and Nutrient Management Practices. Dissertation (MS) University of Florida
• Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2020 Citation: Toffanin, A. (Accepted) (2020) Predicting Precision Nitrogen Side-dress Application for Maize with a Simulation Model. Dissertation (MS) University of Georgia.
• Type: Other Status: Accepted Year Published: 2021 Citation: Graham, W. (Accepted) (2021) Stakeholder-Driven Modeling in Support of Groundwater Sustainability: the Floridan Aquifer Collaborative Engagement for Sustainability. National Academy of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine, Reducing the Health Impacts of the Nitrogen Workshop. February 11, 2021. Virtual.
• Type: Other Status: Accepted Year Published: 2021 Citation: Graham, W. (Accepted) (2021) Stakeholder-Driven Modeling in Support of Groundwater Sustainability: the Floridan Aquifer Collaborative Engagement for Sustainability. University of Waterloo Water Institute Seminar Series. January 21, 2021. Virtual.
• Type: Websites Status: Other Year Published: 2021 Citation: Graham, W., P. Carton de Grammont, K. Schlatter (Other) Project Web Site. floridanwater.org.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2020 Citation: Graham, W., D. Kaplan, D. Adams, K. Athearn, T. Borisova, W.L. Bartels, M. Monroe, L. Staal, M. Dukes, C. Barrett, K. Rowles, M. Masters, A. Smith, P. Dwevidi, C. Furman, G. Vellidis, W. Porter, P. Srivastava (Accepted) (2020) Stakeholder-Driven Modeling in Support of Groundwater Sustainability: the Floridan Aquifer Collaborative Engagement for Sustainability. Seventh Interagency Conference on Research in the Watersheds. November 16-19, 2020. Virtual Conference.
• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Bartels, W., and D. Kaplan (Published) (2021). UF Water Institute FACETS Aims at Aquifer Protection. Ichetucknee Beloved Blue River. belovedblueriver.org.

Progress 07/01/19 to 06/30/20

Outputs
Target Audience:Farmers, Foresters, Environmental Agency Personnel, Water Management Agency Personel, Non Governmental Organization Representatives, Private Industry Representatives, Extension Professionals, Researchers, Students Changes/Problems:Challenges faced this reporting period are mostly related to the Covid-19 pandemic and the restrictions to conduct research in the field; have face-to-face interactions to conduct surveys, interviews, extension activities, project team meetings and stakeholder workshops; and present the results of the project through professional meetings and other in-person venues. Other problems encountered relate to student recruitment and turnover (which was exacerbated by the Covid-19 situation) and data accessibility. In general, all these challenges have been addressed but some delays in the project timeline are expected. We currently cannot anticipate the extent of such delays but the project team is working to adapt the project as the Covid-19 situation evolves. Challenges due to the Covid-19 pandemic: Biophysical modeling: The recruitment of an international student that will support the regional biophysical modeling at Auburn University has been delayed due to closures of test centers, consulates and embassies. WTA surveys: Planned in-person meetings to distribute WTA surveys on paper at producer meetings prior to the planting were canceled. Data collection efforts will now be by phone, email and web as needed. IRB protocols have been adapted. A postdoctoral associate is being hired to complete the work. Participatory Modeling Process: Due to meeting and travel restrictions, the planned in person PMP Workshop 5 was modified to two webinars. Holding virtual meetings limits our ability to interpret results collaboratively with stakeholders and to co-design next steps for the project using the participatory methodology designed in the proposal. The online environment presents multiple constraints to interrogating data, deepening discussions, and exploring assumptions together. Also, meeting times are shorter for virtual meetings due to the taxing nature of the online forum and limited internet bandwidth for some stakeholders and project team members. The original plans for Workshop 5 included the collaborative generation of land use scenarios with stakeholders. Given the limitations posed by virtual meetings, and in an effort to maintain the trust established among stakeholders and the Project Team through frequent facilitated interactions, we decided to postpone that important and potentially sensitive discussion until people can meet face-to-face (dependent on COVID-19). In the meantime, modelers proposed 4 "simplified" scenarios which will be used to "exercise" the models until the PMP network can meet again in person. At that point, stakeholders will review results for the simplified scenarios and reach consensus on other scenarios in which they are more interested. This plan was discussed and was agreed upon with the PMP. Despite the set-back of the COVID-19 circumstances, we have continued to learn with one another and were able to bring closure to the farm/forest analysis. Furthermore, we are experiencing continued attention from stakeholders in the FACETS project, its process, and its outputs. Social Learning Research: As social learning research is based on face-to-face interaction, the annual in-depth interviews with PMP participants have been postponed but will resume after the next face-to-face meeting. This delay will impact our ability to report out and finalize any future publications. Finally, social learning is best observed and researched in face-to-face settings. The webinar formats, while sufficient for the meantime, have not allowed for spontaneous social interaction, which is often when learning occurs. Therefore, the lack of in-person meetings has both (potentially) limited this type of learning and made it difficult to observe and research all facets of social learning. Communications Research: Opportunities to conduct interviews, hold focus groups, and conduct experiments have been constrained. While we are transitioning to remote data collection, we are concerned about the impact of limited personal interaction with participants on research results. Further, we are cognizant that current events related to health and economic risks may influence the perceptions and priorities of research participants. As a result, some research questions and methods may be modified. Some research may be conducted in stages with an initial round of remote data collection supplemented by in-person data collection when social distancing restrictions are loosened. The testing of FACETS communication products may also be impacted. By the limited opportunities that remote collaboration provide to discuss FACETS results, critique communication materials, and evaluate presentation formats. This may necessitate reevaluation of the timeline for production of communication products. Field Research: Restrictions imposed by the Universities due to the pandemic affected some data sampling from the field trials. This was the case for the corn experiment in Florida which was planted in March. Despite travel and in-person interaction restrictions, the team received permission to install a limited amount of soil moisture senor probes in field plots. In addition, the farm received permission to have enough staff on hand to implement both irrigation and nitrogen fertility experimental treatments. In late April we received permission to conduct limited soil sampling (to measure NO3-N and NH4-N) and limited plant sampling to measure TKN. Plots for the grower mimicked and the SMS irrigation schedule treatments will be sampled periodically. In early May when this report is assembled it is unclear when/if we will be able to resume full scale sampling. Decision making tool: In Georgia the graduate student who was to continue the work on the STICS model for the SmartIrrigation Corn App will not be able to enroll at the University of Georgia, consequently this work is being postponed. Extension: Trainings on the 3 Basics of Irrigation were canceled in GA and FL. Plans to reschedule extension trainings are uncertain until more guidance is provided by the Universities. Although planning for the first Water School in Florida is ongoing, the team is exploring the possibility to host it online or postpone it until Spring 2021. Challenges due to data gaps/accessibility and methods Biophysical modeling: SWAT needed major modifications to simulate production forestry and beef pastures in a realistic way. We adequately overcame the forestry challenges in this reporting period and are currently working on the pasture challenges. Coupling, calibrating, and validating the SWAT-MODFLOW model has progressed more slowly than expected; however, we are confident that a preliminary version of the coupled model will be ready for simulation of simplified scenarios in time to produce results for the Fall 2020 PMP meeting. Economic modeling: Carrot production is a small sector of the agricultural economy in the basin. Therefore, some information about production contract design for carrot production and processing is proprietary. Discussions with the PMP members and Extension faculty helped to verify the cost and return information used in carrot budget and economic analysis. Land Use Change: The original plan was to use modeling results from the Lower Flint and Santa Fe Watersheds for assessing the impact of regulations on land use change. While these models are under development, a previously developed SWAT model for the Little River Experimental Watershed in the Suwannee River Basin in Georgia is being used to develop and test the land use change model. In January 2021 a post-doctoral associate will be recruited to work, in collaboration with the biophysical modeling teams, to extend the land use change modeling framework to the Lower Flint and Santa Fe River Basins as appropriate. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Students and Postdoctoral associates: Opportunities for training and professional development during this reporting period included mentorship of three undergraduate students, 15 graduate students and two post-doctoral associates. Training included model use and development (SWAT, SWAT-MODFLOW, @Risk, Simetar©, IMPLAN); focus group implementation,survey design, econometric methods, and choice modeling; manuscript writing; proposal writing; and delivery of effective oral and poster presentations at project meetings and state/national/international professional meetings. As part of the Participatory Modeling Process (PMP), graduate students have also had the experience of communicating with non-academic audiences, enabling them to develop better communication skills for broad audiences and providing them an opportunity to influence real-world outcomes. In this reporting period three Master students graduated (one from the University of Florida, two from the University of Georgia). All of them received important awards and recognitions for their research. The University of Florida graduate student working on the carrot farm-scale economic modeling was nominated for two MS thesis awards from the University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences and the Agricultural and Applied Economics Association. This student also received one of the four "best student poster" awards at the 2020 UF Water Institute Symposium. The Auburn University graduate student working on regional-scale biophysical modeling was awarded first place at the 2019 Alabama Water Resources Conference for his oral presentation. This student also won first place for his poster presentation at the 2019 College of Agriculture Poster Competition at Auburn University and received the Outstanding International Graduate Student award from Auburn University. Another Auburn University graduate student working on field scale biophysical modeling was awarded second place at the 2019 Alabama Water Resources Conference for her oral presentation. The University of Georgia graduate student developing the model for the Corn Nitrogen App received the best poster award from the European Conference on Precision Agriculture (competing against 86 other poster presenters from all over the world). The University of Florida Ph. D. student working on communications research received an NSF Doctoral Dissertation Research Improvement Grant to support her work. Project PMP and team members: The PMP process provides training for stakeholder members in modeling, water policy and planning, and water resource management research. It also provides professional development opportunities for project team members in interdisciplinary team work and communication as well as stakeholder outreach and engagement skills. In particular, the facilitation team advises project team members on preparation of results to advance science communication and understanding through refined visualizations and packaging. Information on mental model research that was shared with the PMP can also help participants more effectively communicate with audiences that interact with water in different ways. Extension agents, water conservation district technicians and farmers: Five In-Service Trainings provided opportunities for the professional development of extension agents and water conservation district technicians in the area of Best Management Practices (BMPs), digital decision tools, advanced technology and water/nutrient conservation (50 participants in GA, 23 in FL). Three on-farm demonstrations provided opportunities for professional development to farmers, extension, agency and conservation professionals on: soil moisture sensors and other water saving BMPs, total maximum daily loads and blue dye nutrient leaching (176 participants) How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The project maintains a website (Floridanwater.org) to communicate activities to the general public and to provide a project document archive for Project Advisory Committee and Participatory Modeling Process (PMP) members and other interested stakeholders. Publications: In this reporting period five peer-reviewed publications that include project results have been published and four are in review in the following journals: Environmental Pollution, Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, Irrigation Science, Environmental Communication, Canadian Journal of Forest Research, Ecological Economics, and Agricultural Water Management. Professional and academic meetings: Twenty-nine presentations of the project and its findings were presented to local, state, national and international communities of interest including: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers - Florida Section Annual Conference (June 26-29, 2019, Delray Beach, Florida) (2) 2019 American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers Annual International Meeting (July 7-10, 2019, Boston Massachusetts) (1) 12th European Conference on Precision Agriculture (July 8-11, 2019, Montpellier France) (1) Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication (August 7-10, 2019, Toronto, Canada) (1) 2019 Alabama Water Resources Conference & Symposium (September 4-6, 2019, Orange Beach Alabama) (2) 2019 Society of American Foresters (SAF) (November 2, 2019, Louisville-KY) (1) Georgia Climate Conference (November 7-8, 2019, Atlanta Georgia) (1) 2019 ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meeting (November 10-13, 2019, San Antonio Texas) (2) 2019 American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting (December 9-13, 2019, San Francisco California) (3) Georgia Section American Society of Civil Engineers Environmental and Water Resources Group (January 17, 2020. Atlanta, GA.) (1) 2020 Georgia Cotton Conference (January 29, 2020. Tifton Georgia) (1) Southern Agricultural Economics Association Annual Meeting (February 1-4, 2020, Louisville Kentucky) (2) 7th University of Florida Water Institute Symposium (February 25-26, 2020, Gainesville FL) (10) Agricultural and Applied Economics Association Annual Meeting (July 26-28, 2020, Kansas City Missouri) (1) In addition, 14 presentations were accepted for presentation in meetings that were canceled or postponed due to the COVID 19 pandemic. These include: 2020 World Environmental & Water Resource Congress, May 17-21, 2020. Henderson, NV. (1) Seventh Interagency Research in the Watersheds Conference, March 30 - April 2, 2020. Tifton, GA. (11) Association of Natural Resources Extension Professionals, Rescheduled to May 23-26, 2021. Corvallis, OR (1) North American Association for Environmental Education, October 14-17, 2020. Virtual. (1) Stakeholders: PMP participants were kept informed of project results and progress through one in-person workshop and five webinars. At Workshop 4 (November 2019 PMP) the PMP did a field tour of various forestry sites to learn about forest management and consider how it is represented in the models. Webinars focused on co-interpretation of results of communication research (mental models), forest-scale model results, carrot model results, and field-scale trade-offs results as well as interim plans for scenario development. Each of the project webinars and workshops were followed by the development of a meeting report for the PMP and project team members. In addition to workshops, field trips, webinars and reports, the project team maintains open communication with members of the PMP, providing resources and directing them to appropriate Project Team members or other sources of relevant expertise as questions on the project and its results arise. Project results were presented to the Project Advisory Committee (PAC) in a January 2020 webinar. In addition, the project coordination team provides regular updates to the PAC through email and posting documentation on the project website. Extension: Farm field trials and other relevant project results have been presented to county extension agents, water conservation district technicians, crop consultants and farmers through public presentations, on-farm field days/demonstrations (including tours to the North Florida Research & Education Center - Suwannee Valley research farm), county agent meetings (30 county level farmer meetings were held across the southern region of GA), and In-Service Trainings (1 in FL, 4 in GA). Project results have also been presented at professional meetings attended by water professionals including state agencies and water management districts. Members of the project team with extension appointment have been engaging with communities of interest using social media platforms (Twitter, Facebook and Instagram). What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?1.1a) Biophysical Farm/Forest Scale Modeling: The FL pasture model and GA crop and forestry models are undergoing further refinement based on stakeholder feedback. Once all models are finalized, SWAT simulations will be performed for corn-peanut rotation (FL), corn-carrot-peanut rotation (FL), corn-cotton-peanut rotation (GA), pasture, hay, and 3 pine tree species over the variety of soil, slopes, and weather conditions occurring in the Santa Fe River and Lower Flint River Basins. Recharge and nitrate leaching from these simulations represent the boundary conditions passed from SWAT to MODFLOW in the SWAT-MODFLOW regional model. Crop yields from these simulations will provide input for the IMPLAN regional economic model. 1.2a) Economic Farm/Forest Scale Modeling: The pasture enterprise budgets are being refined based on stakeholder feedback. Crop and forest yields from the SWAT model described above will be used in the final enterprise budgets to produce net returns for 3 management systems (MS) for all production systems over the variety of soil, slopes, and weather conditions occurring in the Santa Fe and Lower Flint Basins. In the coming year, results from the coupled biophysical and economic simulations described above will be presented to the PMP, submitted for publication in peer review journals, included in PhD dissertations, and disseminated in Extension ISTs and Water Schools as appropriate. 1.1b) Biophysical Watershed Scale Modeling: The calibration/validation of the SWAT and SWAT-MODFLOW models for the Santa Fe and Lower Flint River Basins will be completed in summer 2020. The models will be exercised using 3 simplified land use/land management scenarios: 1) using a 2017 land use baseline, all forest and crop systems use Management System (MS) 1 practices co-developed by the PMP; 2) all use MS2; and 3) all use MS3. Results from these simulations will be used to evaluate receiving water impacts (FL groundwater level, streamflow, and groundwater and surface water nitrate concentrations; GA groundwater level and streamflow) for each simplified scenario. 1.2b) Regional Economic Modeling: IMPLAN models for the Santa Fe and Lower Flint River Basins will be completed using a 2018 baseline condition, then driven by outputs from watershed scale simulations of the 3 simplified land use/management scenarios described above. Coupled biophysical and economic results from the baseline and simplified scenarios will be presented and discussed at the next PMP workshop and used to frame the development of additional PMP-defined scenarios to be run in the models. 1.3) Land Use Change Modeling: The dynamic land use change model for the Little River Experimental Watershed will be completed by December of 2020. In January 2021, a post-doctoral associate will be recruited to work, in collaboration with the biophysical modeling teams, to extend the land use change modeling framework to the Lower Flint and Santa Fe River Basins as appropriate. 1.4) Stakeholder Preference & Valuation Research: The 3 WTA surveys for agricultural producers and forest landowners will be completed in 2020. Statewide WTP surveys of stakeholder preferences and willingness to pay for increased BMP adoption in FL and GA will developed and deployed. Survey design will be informed by results from the stakeholder mental model analysis, guidance from the PMP, and both farm/forest scale modeling and regional economic modeling results. The final WTA survey for producers in both watersheds will be designed and deployed after results from regional coupled biophysical and economic modeling of PMP scenarios become available. 2.1 PMP and Scenario Analyses: Two PMP workshops will be held; the process will be adapted (e.g. modify workshops to webinars) to address COVID-19 concerns; the farm/forest-scale results will be packaged for the PMP including caveats and model limitations; PMP co-interpretation of farm/forest-scale model results will be completed; and scenario development and regional model co-development and co-interpretation will continue with PMP through webinars and interactions. Stakeholder engagement with Project Team members will be facilitated to support modeling, social learning research, Water Schools, and communications research to improve communication and research outcomes. 2.2) Social Learning Research: The following will be conducted: interviews with PMP participants as part of follow-up to the next in-person workshop; a social network survey among PMP participants; interviews with PMP associated graduate students who have worked on PMP related products; and report writing, data organization, and drafting a preliminary paper. 2.3) Communications Research: The following will be completed: 1) conduct a water knowledge assessment with FL and GA residents to evaluate public understanding and identify topics and audiences where knowledge interventions could enable more nuanced discussions of water tradeoffs; 2) complete the analysis of media framing of water issues to understand the complexities of the communication environment in which FACETS engagement will be conducted; 3) research the impact of moral foundation frames on support for sustainable water policy; 4) frame WTA/WTP surveys and assess how values moderate results; 5) develop water fact sheets for use in extension and outreach; 6) develop a water communication guide with recommendations for effectively conveying FACETS results; 7) conduct interviews with stakeholders about human-environment interactions, values, and connections to the land, water, and other natural resources (nature) and incorporate findings into water fact sheets and other communications materials; 8) explore what experts and extension agents think the public should know, and what the public does know about water systems. 3.1b) BMP Research & Demonstrations: BMP field experiments and on-farm demos will continue to the extent possible under COVID-19 restrictions. Publications and presentations of the field results to date will be assembled as appropriate. On-farm demos of BMPs will focus on irrigation scheduling in GA and on irrigation scheduling and fertilizer management in FL. 3.2) Digital Decision Toolkit Development: The SmartIrrigation Corn App will be evaluated on iPhone and Android platforms. Nitrogen use efficiency in cotton will also be evaluated. 3.3) Extension Agent ISTs: If possible under COVID-19 restrictions, 1 IST will be hosted in FL and 2 in GA, integrating project model results as they become available. Information will be provided at multiple state and county level meetings targeting farmers on utilizing BMPs for irrigation management. 3.4) Water Schools for Decision Makers: WS planning will be completed, and (if possible under COVID-19 restrictions) the first FL WS will be offered. Planning will be done in close collaboration with an ad hoc stakeholder Advisory Board that includes some members of the PAC, PMP, and some external stakeholders. 4.1) Management and Integration: WI project coordinator bi-weekly meetings, monthly MIT meetings/Integrative Webinars, and POST and PMP meetings will continue. As part of MIT activities, the group will coordinate with the Project Team to develop key messages for external audiences as project results are produced. The 4th annual Project Team meeting and 4th PAC meeting are scheduled for October 2020. In addition, guidance from the PAC will be requested as project needs arise. Data management efforts will continue, focusing on data repository needs. The evaluator will keep working closely with the Project Team to implement the planned monitoring and external evaluation activities.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? IMPACT: This project explores alternative agriculture (ag) and silviculture practices that could ensure both economic and water resource sustainability (quality and quantity) in N FL and S GA. Stakeholder (ag, forestry, NGO, and government sectors) understanding of modeling and the predicted environmental-economic tradeoffs of alternative land uses and practices has increased. Scientist communication skills and their understanding of stakeholder values has increased, and co-production of farm/forest-scale models with stakeholders has improved accuracy of predictions. 1.1a) Biophysical Farm/Forest-Scale Modeling: Farm/forest-scale SWAT models were built for rotations of corn-peanut (FL), corn-carrot-peanut (FL), corn-cotton-peanut (GA), pasture, hay, and 3 pine tree species. The models were calibrated/validated with field data and literature-derived data and were used to analyze water quality-water quantity-ag yield tradeoffs for 3 management systems that were co-developed with stakeholders. 1.2a) Economic Farm/Forest Scale Modeling: Interviews with growers and extension personnel were used to develop farm-scale enterprise budgets for FL and GA row crop and forestry production systems for 3 stakeholder-informed management systems. Variations in inputs and yields from the biophysical models were used to drive the @Risk and Simetar© (Simulation & Econometrics to Analyze Risk) software packages to evaluate net returns. 1.1b) Biophysical Watershed Scale Modeling: SWAT and SWAT-MODFLOW models for the Santa Fe River Basin, FL and Lower Flint River Basin, GA are being developed, calibrated, and validated. SWAT-MODFLOW will serve as the biophysical platform to assess environmental and economic impacts of PMP-defined scenarios of alternative land-use and management practices at the watershed scale. 1.2) Regional Economic Modeling: IMPLAN models for the Santa Fe and Lower Flint River Basins are currently being developed for a 2018 land use baseline condition. The IMPLAN models, driven by biophysical watershed scale model outputs, will be used to evaluate regional economic impacts of changing current production practices to PMP-defined alternative land-use and management practices scenarios. 1.3) Land Use Change Modeling: A dynamic land use change model is being developed to evaluate how the limits set by water quality regulations might affect future land cover changes in the Little River Experimental Watershed. Initial findings were presented to the project team, where feedback was provided and is being incorporated. 1.4) Stakeholder Preference & Valuation Research: Two Willingness-to-Accept (WTA) surveys are being conducted in the Suwannee and Flint River Basins to determine the willingness of farmers and forest landowners to accept payment for adopting BMPs to improve water quality and quantity. A best-worst choice model is being used to analyze survey responses. A subsequent WTA study in both watersheds is also planned. Another WTA survey not originally proposed is being conducted in GA to estimate the willingness of forest landowners to accept an annual payment for increasing water flows from their forestlands by changing silvicultural practices. A discrete choice model with uncertainty is being used to analyze the survey response. WTA survey results will inform a Willingness to Pay survey, support communications research, and inform policymakers about potential payments needed for improving water quality and water quantity from existing agricultural and forestlands. 2.1a) PMP and Scenario Analyses: PMP Workshop 4 was planned and facilitated, including discussion of farm-scale model results and tradeoffs. Two webinars were facilitated for Workshop 5 to further discuss and co-interpret farm/forest-scale model economic-environmental tradeoffs, and lay the groundwork for the PMP to develop scenarios to be modeled at the watershed scale. The webinars also focused on the interim process for biophysical and economic regional modeling of scenarios, including model frameworks and plans, which were discussed and agreed up on by stakeholders. Additional webinars and activities were conducted to facilitate stakeholder input and develop shared understanding: 1) 3 PMP webinars on: communications research results, forest-scale model results, carrot farm-scale model results; 2) assistance with PMP stakeholder engagement in communication research and WTA survey distribution; 3) assisting modelers in developing presentation materials for PMP meetings. 2.1b) Model Integration through Scenario Analyses: PMP Workshop 5 was modified to a webinar format due to COVID-19. Given limitations of virtual interactions, modelers proposed 4 "simplified" scenarios which will be used to exercise models until PMP stakeholders can meet in person to develop the land use baseline and scenarios. This plan was discussed and agreed upon with PMP members. 2.2) Social Learning Research: Interviews and surveys were conducted with PMP members to track and analyze perceptions of the modeling development process. Findings were communicated to the PMP facilitation team to aid adaptive management of the engagement process. Research will assess PMP success and describe the process of developing tradeoffs. 2.3) Communications Research: A water science knowledge assessment instrument was drafted to identify topics and audiences that could benefit from educational interventions. Coding of regional newspaper coverage of water issues was conducted for a media framing analysis. An interview guide was pilot tested to understand how stakeholder groups vary in the way they connect with the natural world. Findings will inform communication tools and curricula for in-service trainings and water schools. 3.1) BMP Research & Demonstrations: Field research to evaluate nutrient loss, water savings and yield for alternative irrigation and fertilization practices continued, using the same experimental design as last year with a corn-carrot-peanut-corn rotation in FL and a corn-cotton-peanut rotation in GA. 3.2) Digital Decision Toolkit Development: A beta version of the SmartIrrigation Corn App was tested in GA field trials. 3.3) Extension Agent In-Service Trainings: Five in-service trainings were held, 1 in FL and 4 in GA, to train growers and extension agents on irrigation and nutrient management including use of SMS and digital decision tools. 3.4) Water Schools for Decision Makers: Key learning objectives for the Water Schools (WS) program were defined. A WS Advisory Board is being assembled to provide feedback on program content, format, and marketing strategy. Planning process for the first WS in FL started. 4.1) Management and Integration: Coordination- Meetings of the Management and Integration Team (MIT), All Team Integrative Webinars, Project Objective Scientist Team (POST), and the Project Team provided opportunities for integration and sharing of activities. Coordination with the Project Advisory Committee (PAC) included: facilitating the 3rd meeting (online); providing webinar recordings on research; and contacting members for input on specific project components. Based on the external evaluation results, activity-focused meetings were held to promote cross-POST integration. Project coordinators continued bi-weekly management coordination meetings. Data management- The team uses Dropbox to share and store project documents. Documents, presentations, and webinar recordings for the PAC and the PMP are made available behind password-protected sections of the project website; the annual meeting report and presentations are available to the public via the website. An Access database is being used to manage experimental field data. External evaluation- An external evaluation was conducted, and a report was provided to the FACETS team that included results, evaluation methodology and recommendations. Recommendations have been incorporated into management and planning.

Publications

• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Karki, R., P. Srivastava, D.D. Bosch, L. Kalin, J. Lamba, T.C. Strickland (2019) Multi-variable sensitivity analysis, calibration, and validation of a field-scale SWAT model: Building Stakeholder Trust in Hydrologic/Water Quality modeling, 2019 ASABE Meeting. July 7-10, 2019. Boston Massachusetts.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Tadych, D., R. Karki, P. Srivastava, G. Vellidis, A. Toffanin (2019) Calibration and validation of Field-Scale SWAT model in the lower Flint River Basin, 2019 Alabama Water Resources Conference & Symposium. September 4-6, 2019. Orange Beach Alabama.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Lee, D. Rath, S., and W. Graham (2020) Impacts of pasture, hay and row crop management systems on groundwater quality and quantity in the Santa Fe river basin. Seventh Interagency Research in the Watersheds Conference. March 30 - April 2, 2020. Tifton, Georgia. Poster (Conference Postponed)
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Lee, D. Rath, S., and W. Graham (2020) Impacts of pasture, hay and row crop management on groundwater quality and quantity in the Santa Fe river basin, 7th University of Florida Water Institute Symposium. February 25-26, 2020. Gainesville FL
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Rath, S., P. Spellman, N. Reaver, D. Lee, W. Graham, D. Kaplan (2019) Quantifying the Effects of Land Use and Management on Receiving Water Quantity, Quality, and Ecosystem Health in a Karst Watershed, 2019 AGU Fall Meeting. December 9-13, 2019. San Francisco California.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Reaver, N.G.F., H. Haas, D. Kaplan, L. Kalin, W. Graham (2019) Implementing Pine Plantation Silvicultural Production and Management Practices into the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), 7th University of Florida Water Institute Symposium. February 25-26, 2020. Gainesville FL.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Haas, H., L. Kalin, P. Srivastava (2019) Predicting Pine Tree Growth and Evapotranspiration in Southeastern United States, 2019 Alabama Water Resources Conference & Symposium. September 4-6, 2019. Orange Beach Alabama.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Karki, R., P. Srivastava, D.D. Bosch, L. Kalin, T.C. Strickland (2020) Multi-variable sensitivity analysis, calibration, and validation of a field-scale swat model: building stakeholder trust in hydrologic/water quality modeling. Seventh Interagency Research in the Watersheds Conference. March 30 - April 2, 2020. Tifton, Georgia. Poster (Conference Postponed)
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Karki, R., P. Srivastava, D.D. Bosch, L. Kalin, J. Lamba, T.C. Strickland (2020) Multi-variable sensitivity analysis, calibration, and validation of a field-scale SWAT model: Building Stakeholder Trust in Hydrologic/Water Quality modeling, Transactions American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers 63(2): 523-539. (doi: 10.13031/trans.13576).
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Karki,R., P. Srivastava, T.L. Veith (2020) Application of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) at the field-scale: Categorizing methods and review of applications. Transactions American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers 63(2): 513-522. (doi: 10.13031/trans.13545).
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Other Year Published: 2020 Citation: Lee, D., Reaver, N. Graham, W., and C. Barrett (In Preparation) Modeling water and nutrient balances for hay and pasture production in the Suwannee River Basin, Florida.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Under Review Year Published: 2020 Citation: Rath, S., M. Zamora-Re, W. Graham, M. Dukes, D. Kaplan (In review) Quantifying nitrate leaching to groundwater from corn-peanut production under a variety of water and nutrient management practices in the Suwannee River Basin, Florida. Agricultural Water Management.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Other Year Published: 2020 Citation: Haas, H., N. Reaver, L. Kalin, P. Srivastava, D. Kaplan, C.A. Gonzalez-Benecke (In Preparation) The Role of Forests in Improving Biophysical Parameter Estimation and Plant Growth Representation in Hydrological Models: A field-scale approach.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Other Year Published: 2020 Citation: Lee, D., Graham, W., J. Merrick, and M. Dukes (In Preparation) Quantifying nitrate leaching to groundwater from carrot production under a variety of water and nutrient management practices in the Suwannee River Basin, Florida.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Other Year Published: 2020 Citation: Reaver, N.G.F., H. Haas, L. Kalin, W. Graham, D. Kaplan (In Preparation) Implementing Pine Plantation Silvicultural Production and Management Practices into the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT)
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Haas, H, L. Kalin, P. Srivastava, N. G. F. Reaver, D. Kaplan (2020) Scrutinizing Significance of Trees in Watershed Modeling. Seventh Interagency Research in the Watersheds Conference. March 30 - April 2, 2020. Tifton, GA. (Conference Postponed)
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Haas, H., L. Kalin, P. Srivastava (2019) Can Soft Data Help Improving Intra-Watershed Processes in Hydrologic Modeling? 2019 AGU Fall Meeting. December 9-13, 2019. San Francisco, CA.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: de Rooij, R. and W. Graham (2020) A particle-tracking approach to analyse the age and source components during transient streamflow conditions. Seventh Interagency Research in the Watersheds Conference. March 30 - April 2, 2020. Tifton, GA. Poster (Conference Postponed)
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: de Rooij, R. and W. Graham (2020) A particle-tracking approach to analyse the age and source components during transient streamflow conditions. 7th University of Florida Water Institute Symposium. February 25-26, 2020. Gainesville, FL.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Rath, S., W. Graham, D. Kaplan (2020) Impact of land use change and different management practices on nitrate loading to groundwater in Santa Fe river basin. Seventh Interagency Research in the Watersheds Conference. March 30 - April 2, 2020. Tifton, GA. Poster (Conference Postponed)
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Rath, S., W. Graham, D. Kaplan (2020) Impact of land use change and different management practices on nitrate loading to groundwater in Santa Fe river basin. 7th University of Florida Water Institute Symposium. February 25-26, 2020. Gainesville, FL.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2020 Citation: Karki, R., P. Srivastava, L. Kalin (In Preparation) Impact of groundwater withdrawal for irrigation on surface and groundwater interactions in the lower Flint River Basin. 2020 World Environmental & Water Resource Congress (EWRI), May 17-21, 2020. Henderson, NV. (Conference canceled)
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Spellman, P., R. De Rooij, S. Rath, N. Reaver, W. Graham, D. Kaplan (2020) The importance of process representation for simulating coupled surface-groundwater flow in karst watersheds: a comparison of SWAT, SWAT-MODFLOW and DisCo. Seventh Interagency Research in the Watersheds Conference. March 30 - April 2, 2020. Tifton, GA. Poster (Conference Postponed)
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Spellman, P., R. de Rooij, S. Rath, N. Reaver, W. Graham, D. Kaplan (2019) The importance of process representation for simulating coupled surface-groundwater flow in karst watersheds: a comparison of SWAT, SWAT-MODFLOW and DisCo. 2019 AGU Fall Meeting. December 9-13, 2019. San Francisca, CA.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Spellman, P., R. de Rooij, S. Rath, N. Reaver, W. Graham, D. Kaplan (2020) The importance of process representation for simulating coupled surface-groundwater flow in karst watersheds: a comparison of SWAT, SWAT-MODFLOW and DisCo. 7th University of Florida Water Institute Symposium. February 25-26, 2020. Gainesville, FL.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Other Year Published: 2020 Citation: Haas, H., N. Reaver, L. Kalin, P. Srivastava, D. Kaplan (In Preparation) Leveraging the Effects of Improved Forest Dynamics in Hydrological Processes: A watershed-scale Approach.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Other Year Published: 2020 Citation: Karki, R., P. Srivastava, L. Kalin (In Preparation) Impact of groundwater withdrawal for irrigation on surface and groundwater interactions in the lower Flint River Basin.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Other Year Published: 2020 Citation: Rath, S., D. Lee, N. Reaver, W. Graham, D. Kaplan (In preparation) Impact of alternative land use and water and nutrient management practices on nitrate loading to groundwater in Santa Fe river basin, FL.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Other Year Published: 2020 Citation: Spellman, P., de Rooij, R., Rath, S., Reaver, N., Kaplan, D. and W. Graham (In Preparation) The importance of process representation for simulating coupled surface-groundwater flow in karst watersheds: a comparison of SWAT, SWAT-MODFLOW and DisCo.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Other Year Published: 2020 Citation: Reaver, N.G.F., H. Haas, U. Koirala, D. Adams, L. Kalin, W. Graham, D. Kaplan (In Preparation) Quantifying the environmental and economic tradeoffs of Southeastern silvicultural production and management practices
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Adams, D.C., U. Koirala, J.R. Soto (2020) Agricultural Producers Willingness to Accept Payments for Improving Resources in the Floridan Aquifer. 7th University of Florida Water Institute Symposium. February 25-26, 2020. Gainesville, FL.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2020 Citation: He, F., D. Lee, T. Borisova, W. Graham, R. Hochmuth, C. Barrett, K. Athearn, M. Dukes, J. Merrick (Accepted) Integration of the economic and hydrologic modeling to evaluate - and communicate - the tradeoffs between water quality and economic benefits at farm scale. Agricultural and Applied Economics Association Annual Meeting. July 26-28, 2020. Kansas City, MO.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: He, F., T. Borisova, K. Athearn, C. Barrett, R. Hochmuth, D. Adams (2020) An Economic Analysis of Nitrogen Management Practices for Florida Carrot Production, Southern Agricultural Economics Association Annual Meeting. February 1-4, 2020. Louisville, KY.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: He, F., T. Borisova, K. Athearn, C. Barrett, R. Hochmuth, D. Adams (2020) Producers Risk Perceptions and the Choice of Nitrogen Application Rates for Carrot Production. 7th University of Florida Water Institute Symposium. February 25-26, 2020. Gainesville, FL. Poster
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Koirala, U., D. Adams, F. He, G. Hancock, A. Smith, K. Athearn (2020) Understanding the Regional Economic Impact of Adopting Agricultural Best Management Practices (BMPs) in the Upper Floridan Aquifer (UFA) Region. Southern Agricultural Economics Association Annual Meeting. February 1-4, 2020. Louisville, KY.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Smith, A., G. Hancock, U Koirala, R. Karki, K. Athearn, Y. Liu (2020) Economics of Best Management Practices to Improve Water Quality and Quantity in the Upper Floridan Aquifer. Seventh Interagency Research in the Watersheds Conference. March 30 - April 2, 2020. Tifton, GA. (Conference Postponed)
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Susaeta, A., P. Gong, D. Adams (2019) Implications of the reservation price strategy on the optimal harvest decision and production of nontimber goods in an even-aged forest stand. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 50(3): 287-296, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2019-0213.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Susaeta, S., B. Sancewich, D. Adams, P.C. Moreno (2019) Ecosystem Services Production Efficiency of Longleaf Pine under Changing Weather Conditions. Ecological Economics 156:24-34
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Other Year Published: 2020 Citation: He, F., T. Borisova, K. Athearn, C. Barrett, R. Hochmuth (In preparation) Economic Analysis to Support the Development of Agricultural Best Management Practices for Floridas Agricultural Water Quality Policy, to be submitted to the Journal of Soil and Water Conservation.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Other Year Published: 2020 Citation: Lee, D., F. He, T. Borisova, W. Graham, R. Hochmuth, C. Barrett, K. Athearn, M. Dukes, J. Merrick (In Preparation) Integration of the economic and hydrologic modeling to evaluate the tradeoffs between water quality and economic benefits for alternative carrot water and nutrient management practices in Florida, to be submitted to the Journal of American Water Resources Association.
• Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: He, F (2019) Risk and Profitability Analysis for Sustainable Agricultural Practices to Protect Water Resources, Food and Resource Economics Department, University of Florida.
• Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Hancock, GA. (2019) An Economic Analysis of Adoption of Conservation Practices in Georgia Cotton and Peanut Production. Department of Agricultural & Applied Economics, University of Georgia.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Bawa, R., P. Dwivedi (2019) An Optimization Approach for Land Resource Management under Water Quality Uncertainty. Society of American Foresters (SAF) National Convention. November 2, 2019. Louisville, KY.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Bawa, R., P. Dwivedi (2019) Impact of land cover on groundwater quality in the Upper Floridan Aquifer in Florida, United States. Environmental Pollution 252 (Pt B):1828-1840. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2019.06.054.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Other Year Published: 2020 Citation: Bawa, R., P. Dwivedi (In Preparation) An Optimization Approach for Land Resource Management under Water Quality Uncertainty.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Furman, C., W. Bartels, K. Rowles, M. Masters (2020) Managing stakeholder engagement through iterative process design and facilitation: A unique role for social learning research. 7th University of Florida Water Institute Symposium. February 25-26, 2020. Gainesville, FL.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Hundemer, S., M. Monroe (2020) Stories of the Floridan Aquifer: Framing of water issues in regional newspapers, 7th University of Florida Water Institute Symposium. February 25-26, 2020. Gainesville, FL.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Hundemer, S., M. Monroe (2019) Foundations for the development of communication that works with, not against, stakeholders existing viewpoints: A comparison of producers' and environmentalists' mental models. Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication. August 7-10, 2019. Toronto, Canada.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2020 Citation: Hundemer, S., M. Monroe (Accepted) Extension challenges in a competitive communication environment: Implications of media framing of natural resources issues. Association of Natural Resources Extension Professional. Rescheduled to May 23-26, 2021. Corvallis, OR
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Other Year Published: 2020 Citation: Bawa, R., P. Dwivedi (In Preparation) Estimating landowner costs of adopting silvicultural practices to promote downstream water flow.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Graham, W., D. Kaplan, D. Adams, K. Athearn, T. Borisova, W.L. Bartels, M. Monroe, L. Staal, M. Dukes, C. Barrett, K. Rowles, M. Masters, A. Smith, P. Dwevidi, C. Furman, G. Vellidis, W. Porter, P. Srivastava (2020) Stakeholder-Driven Modeling in Support of Groundwater Sustainability: the Floridan Aquifer Collaborative Engagement for Sustainability (FACETS) Project. Seventh Interagency Research in the Watersheds Conference (Conference Postponed). March 30 - April 2, 2020. Tifton, GA.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Furman, C., W. Bartels, K. Rowles, M. Masters (2020) The integration of Social Learning and Facilitation methods to enhance stakeholder engagement for the FACETS project, ICRW7  Seventh Interagency Conference on Research in the Watersheds (Conference Postponed). March 30-April 2, 2020. Tifton, GA.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Under Review Year Published: 2020 Citation: Hundemer, S., M. Monroe (Under Review) Bias, blame, and bright spots: Narrative fallacies of environmental issues. North American Association for Environmental Education. October 1417, 2020. Virtual.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Under Review Year Published: 2020 Citation: Hundemer, S., M. Monroe (Under Review) A comparison of producers and environmentalists mental models on water issues: Opportunities for improved communication and collaboration. Environmental Communication.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Merrick, J., M. Dukes, W. Graham (2020) Improving water and nitrogen use efficiency in corn and carrot using enhanced irrigation scheduling methods. Seventh Interagency Research in the Watersheds Conference. March 30 - April 2, 2020. Tifton, GA. Poster (Conference Postponed)
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Merrick, J., M. Dukes, W. Graham (2020) Improving Agricultural Water Use and Water Quality using Enhanced Irrigation Scheduling Methods. 7th University of Florida Water Institute Symposium. February 25-26, 2020. Gainesville, FL.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Merrick, R.J., M. Zamora, J. Diamond, M. Dukes., W. Graham. (2019) Improvements in water usage and quality in a corn, carrot, peanut rotation using soil moisture sensor controlled irrigation, Florida. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers - Florida Section Annual Conference. June 26-29, 2019. Delray Beach, FL.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Vellidis, G., A. Ermanis, M. Gruver, L. Lacerda, C. Perry, J. Snider, A. Toffanin, B.J. Washington (2020) Precision Agriculture Research in Cotton. 2020 Georgia Cotton Conference. January 29, 2020. Tifton, GA.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Zamora-Re, M.I., M.D Dukes, D. Rowland, K. Migliaccio, D. Kaplan, W. Graham (2019).Water and Nitrogen Budget Dynamics from a Corn-Fallow-Peanut Rotation. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers - Florida Section Annual Conference. June 26-29 2019. Delray Beach, FL.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Under Review Year Published: 2020 Citation: Zamora-Re, M. I., M. D. Dukes, D. Hensley, D. Rowland, W. Graham (In Review) The effect of irrigation strategies and nitrogen fertilizer rates on maize growth and grain yield. Irrigation Science.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Vellidis, G. (2019) Smartirrigation  a Pathway to Sustainable Intensification, Georgia Climate Conference. November 7-8, 2019. Atlanta, GA.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Vellidis, G., V. Liakos (2019) Smartirrigation  a Pathway to Sustainable Intensification. 2019 ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meeting. November 10-13, 2019. San Antonio, TX
• Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2020 Citation: Vellidis, G. (2020) SmartIrrigation Tools for Improving Water Use Efficiency, Georgia Section American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) Environmental and Water Resources Group. January 17, 2020. Atlanta, GA.
• Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Toffanin, A. (2019) Predicting Precision Nitrogen Side-Dress Applications for Maize with a Simulation Model. University of Georgia.
• Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Graham, W., P. Carton de Grammont, and K. Schlatter. (2020) Project Web Site. http://floridanwater.org/. Last update
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Under Review Year Published: 2020 Citation: Zamora-Re, M. I., M. D. Dukes, S. Rath, W. Graham (In Review) Water and nitrogen budget dynamics form a maize-peanut rotation in Florida. Transactions American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Toffanin, A., M. Borin, M. Cabrera, A. Orfanou, B. Oritz, D. Pavlou, C. Perry, G. Vellidis (2019) Predicting Precision Nitrogen Side-Dress Applications for Maize with a Simulation Model. 12th European Conference on Precision Agriculture. July 8-11, 2019. Montpellier, France.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Toffanin A., Vellidis G. (2020) Predicting Precision Nitrogen Side-dress Applications for Maize with a Simulation Model. Seventh Interagency Research in the Watersheds Conference. March 30 - April 2, 2020. Tifton, GA. (Conference Postponed)
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Toffanin, A., M. Borin, M. Cabrera, A. Orfanou, B. Oritz, D. Pavlou, C. Perry, G. Vellidis (2019) Predicting Precision Nitrogen Side-Dress Applications for Maize with a Simulation Model. 2019 ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meeting. November 10-13, 2019. San Antonio, TX.

Progress 07/01/18 to 06/30/19

Outputs
Target Audience:Farmers, Foresters, Environmental Agency Personnel, Water Management Agency Personel, Non Governmental Organization Representatives, Private Industry Representatives, Extension Professionals, Natural Resource Communicators, Researchers, Students Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Students and Postdoctoral associates: Opportunities for training and professional development during this reporting period included mentorship of undergraduate students (2), graduate students (15), and post-doctoral associates (2), as well as training in model use and development (SWAT, SWAT-MODFLOW, National Water Model, @Risk, Simetar); focus group implementation, survey design; econometric methods; choice modeling; manuscript writing; and delivery of effective oral and poster presentations at project meetings and national/international professional meetings. Several graduate students have been presenters at PMP meetings (workshops, webinars). These presentations are developed with the project facilitators to ensure clear communication with a broad audience and thereby provide them with experience in communicating with non-academic audiences and an opportunity to influence real-world outcomes. Stakeholders: The PMP process provides training for stakeholder members in modeling, water policy and planning, and water resource management research. Team members: The PMP process provides professional development for project team members through a highly integrated project in which team members must work across the many disciplines in the project and also develop stakeholder outreach and engagement skills. Technicians and Extension agents: A new field research technician was trained to operate soil moisture sensing system, collect and process soil and tissue samples, and manage project data. In-Service Trainings have provided opportunities for the professional development of 105 extension agents and water conservation district technicians (65 in FL and 40 in GA). Other audiences: Findings from the first phase of social learning research were presented at the American Anthropological Association annual meeting in a session aimed at developing better methodologies for better stakeholder engagement. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The project maintains a website (Floridanwater.org) to communicate activities with a general audience and to provide a project document archive for Project Advisory Committee and Participatory Modeling Process members and other interested stakeholders. A one-page factsheet describing the project, and various posters and presentations were developed. Professional and academic meetings: Twenty-four presentations of the project and its findings were presented to local, state, national and international communities of interest including: ASABE Annual International Meeting (Detroit, MI, July, 2018) American Geophysical Union (Washington DC, December, 2018) Annual Conservation Production System Conference (Waynesboro, GA, March, 2018) Society of American Forester Annual Meeting (Portland, OR, October, 2018). American Anthropological Association Annual Meeting (San Jose, CA, November, 2018) Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication (Toronto, Canada, August, 2019) Agricultural and Applied Economics Association Annual Meeting (Atlanta, GA, July, 2019) Southern Agricultural Economics Association Annual Meeting (Birmingham, AL, February, 2019) Georgia Water Resource Conference (Athens, GA, April, 2019). Georgia Crop Improvement Association Annual Conference (Athens, GA, March, 2019). University of Georgia Tifton Campus Graduate Student Poster Competition (Athens, GA, May, 2019) Florida Section ASABE Meeting (Delray Beach, FL, June, 2019). Alabama Irrigation Workshop (Dothan, AL, January, 2019) Alabama Water Resources Conference and Symposium (Orange Beach, AL, September, 2018) Agricultural and Biological Engineering Biocomplexity seminar (Gainesville, FL, January 2019). Governmental agencies: The project goals and its preliminary results were also presented to members of Congress and their staff during the Agricultural Research Congressional Exhibition (Washington DC May, 2019); to the NIFA Director Scott Angle and US Representative Ted Yoho during a meeting at the University of Florida (Gainesville FL, April, 2019); and to other researchers and NIFA staff during the USDA NIFA PD meeting (Delaware, October, 2018). Stakeholders: Eighteen presentations and posters of project findings were presented and discussed during the project's first Annual Meeting (September 30, 2018) which was attended by the project team and the Project Advisory Committee (comprised of key representatives from agricultural, environmental, regulatory and scientific organizations in the region). In a later PMP Workshop (February 2019), the PMP stakeholders toured two natural springs for a first-hand experience with one of the primary natural resources that are the focus of the project. In addition to sharing materials in workshops, webinars and reports, direct communications with stakeholders via email and face-to-face questions was facilitated by the project facilitation team who direct them to relevant Project Team members or other sources of relevant expertise. The Participatory Modeling Process and the Project Advisory Committee provide outreach on a deep level to a set of highly engaged stakeholders. Each of the project webinars and workshops has been followed by the development of a meeting summary that is geared toward a broad audience. For example, in the case of the Model Questions webinar, the follow-up included the documentation of stakeholder questions about the project models with succinct responses from project team members. Other presentations to local stakeholders included a presentation to a joint meeting of three Georgia Regional Water Councils with attendance by approximately 50 stakeholders, and a presentation to the Santa Fe River Springs Protection Forums meeting attended by government officials, professionals, and the public. Extension: Field Trial Research results have been presented at county agent meetings and extension agents and water conservation district technicians have disseminated the information provided at In-Service Trainings to other extension agents and farmers. On four occasions, new farmers or agents reach out to our extension team requesting information on the use of soil sensors. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?1.1 a) Biophysical Farm/Forest Scale Modeling: After evaluation with available experimental data long term SWAT simulations of yields, irrigation water applied, and nitrogen leaching will be performed for each priority cropping system over the range of management practices identified by the stakeholders and over the variety of soil, slopes, and weather conditions occurring in the study area. In the next project year these results will be presented to the PMP during workshops and webinars, discussions of the differences in water and nutrient footprints across the priority crops and practices will be facilitated, and farm/forest-scale economic-environmental tradeoffs will be evaluated. 1.1b) Biophysical Watershed Scale Modeling: Transient SWAT-MODLFOW models will continued to be calibrated and validated for the Lower Flint Basin in Georgia and the Santa Fe Basin in Florida. Baseline and alternate future land use, management, and climate scenarios will be developed for both basins at PMP meetings over the next year. These scenarios will be used to drive the models, and results will be used to evaluate receiving water impacts (groundwater level, streamflow, groundwater and surface water nitrate concentrations) for each scenario. It is anticipated that the first watershed scale modeling results will be presented to the PMP toward the end of the next project year. 1.2 a) Economic Farm/Forest Scale Modeling: Work will focus on developing the farm/forest-scale economic models for pasture, hay, and forests in both, Florida and Georgia. Work will also continue to refine the row-crop economic models (Corn-cotton-peanut in Georgia and corn-carrot-peanut in Florida). 1.2b) Regional Economic Modeling: Baseline estimates of county-level economic impacts from the farm and forest systems will be modeled in the coming project year using the economic input-output modeling software IMPLAN. 1.3) Land Use Change Modeling: In the coming year, an alternative land use change model will be developed which will use optimization theory for determining the optimal land use at the HRU level that maximizes the welfare of farmers in the Lower Flint and Santa Fe watersheds while meeting constraints related to water quality/flows. 1.4) Stakeholder Preference & Valuation Research: We will develop and pre-test statewide surveys of stakeholder preferences and willingness to pay for increased BMP adoption in both Florida and Georgia. Survey design will be informed by results from the mental modeling exercise, guidance from the PMP, and both farm/forest scale modeling and regional economic modeling results. 2.1) PMP & Scenario Analysis: In the coming year we will hold two project workshops for the PMP; complete PMP co-interpretation of current condition model results at field/farm level; develop future scenarios for model analysis with PMP; initiate regional scale modeling co-development and co-interpretation with PMP; plan field tours of a forestry site for PMP participants; and hold PMP webinars on topics to support model co-development and co-interpretation. We will continue to provide support and linkages with other parts of the project including: Objective 1: Support modeling team by facilitating co-development and co-interpretation of project models with PMP stakeholders and Objective 3: Support development of products by Extension team as the project proceeds. 2.2) Social Learning Research: During the next reporting period we will continue conducting interviews with PMP participants as part of follow-up to Workshop 3; assist in the preparation of Workshop 4; conduct a social network survey among PMP participants; conduct interviews with graduate students who have worked on PMP related products; assist in writing reports; organize data; participate in meetings and webinars; and draft a preliminary paper. 2.3) Communications Research: The communications team will 1) develop a knowledge assessment tool to evaluate the current public understanding of water issues and to identify topics and audiences that require knowledge interventions to engage in more nuanced discussions of water tradeoffs; 2) develop research agenda for communicating scenarios; 3) complete analysis of media framing of water issues to understand the complexities of the communication environment in which project engagement will be conducted; 4) begin development of a tool to evaluate the effectiveness of communication frames that call upon different moral foundations; 5) work with the economic modelling team to develop frames for willingness-to-pay assessment and; 6) work with the economic modelling team to evaluate values associated with willingness-to-accept results. 3.1) BMP Research and Demos: Research on water conservation and nutrient loss under a variety of nutrient and water management practices will continue at the universities' BMP research field. 3.2) Digital Decision Toolkit Development: The SmartIrrigation Corn App, including the Nitrogen component, will continue to be evaluated on iPhone and Android platforms. 3.3) Extension Agent In-Service Training: During the next year we plan to integrate the modeling information into the in-service trainings as that information becomes available. 3.4) Water Schools for Decision Makers: During the next year we will begin to develop Water School extension program curriculum, and plan for Water Schools in FL and GA. 4.1) Management and Integration: Project coordinator bi-weekly meetings, monthly Management and Integration Team (MIT) meetings/All-hands integrative webinars, monthly meetings of the 3 Project Objective Science Teams (POSTs) will continue. The 3rd meeting of the Project Advisory Committee (PAC) will be scheduled for November or December 2019, and in addition the PAC will be contacted as appropriate as project needs arise. Data management efforts will continue, and results of the integrated field experiment database may help inform other parts of the team. The external evaluator will keep working closely with the project team to implement the monitoring and evaluation activities planned. The evaluator will also expand the focus of the evaluation activities to capture and integrate short- and mid-term outcomes.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? 1.1a) Biophysical Farm/Forest Scale Modeling: Farm-scale SWAT models of corn-peanut rotations in Florida (FL) and cotton-peanut rotations in Georgia (GA) were calibrated and validated using experimental data from previous field research. The calibrated models were used to analyze water quality-water quantity-agricultural yield tradeoffs across a range of stakeholder-informed management systems. Results for these rotations were presented to stakeholders at a Participatory Modeling Process (PMP) meeting and stakeholder feedback was incorporated. In FL, farm-scale modeling for hay and pasture is ongoing, and farm-scale modeling for the corn-carrot-peanut rotation experiment will begin in summer 2019. In GA, farm-scale modeling for corn-cotton-peanut rotation experiments is on-going. For forest-scale modeling, relevant data for slash and loblolly pine have been identified and the modeling framework has been developed. 1.1b) Biophysical Watershed Scale Modeling: In FL SWAT, SWAT-MODFLOW, and DisCO models are being developed. Climate, land use, groundwater pumping, groundwater levels, streamflows, and ground and surface water nitrate concentrations data have been compiled. Calibration and validation are being conducted for each model and model intercomparison analyses are underway. In GA SWAT, MODFLOW and SWAT-MODFLOW models are being developed. Input data for the development, calibration, and validation of models have been prepared. SWAT-MODFLOW will serve as the primary biophysical platform for assessing tradeoffs among economy, water quality, and water quantity for different land-use and management practice scenarios at the watershed scale in both FL and GA. 1.2a) Economic Farm/Forest Scale Modeling: Farm-scale enterprise budgets were developed for the stakeholder-informed management systems for corn-peanut rotations in FL and for cotton-peanut rotations in GA. Variations in inputs and yields from the biophysical models were used to drive the @Risk software to determine the effect of alternative management systems on profitability for each rotation. Results were presented to stakeholders at a PMP meeting and their feedback was incorporated. Enterprise budgets were also developed for carrot production in FL. Development of enterprise budgets for hay, traditional and legume-based pastures, and forests are underway. 1.2b) Regional Economic Modeling: NA 1.3) Land Use Change Modeling: Multivariate regression models were developed to infer relation between land cover and NO3-N and K concentrations in groundwater. Land use change models for the Santa Fe and Lower Flint watersheds were developed using neural networks and Markov chain analyses. 1.4) Stakeholder Preference & Valuation Research: The framework for the stakeholder preference and valuation research, which will include surveys of growers, was developed. Facilitated discussions, focus groups, and pre-tests of willingness to accept (WTA) survey instruments were conducted for foresters, row crop farmers, and hay producers. A WTA survey of livestock producers for legume-based pasture was implemented in conjunction with another project. 2.1a) Participatory Modeling Process (PMP) & Scenario Analyses: PMP Workshop 3 was planned and facilitated, stakeholders and researchers were engaged to begin co-development and co-interpretation of project models and results. The remainder of the PMP Workshop schedule was modified to accommodate the project timeline. Additional webinars and activities were added to address project needs for stakeholder input and development of shared understanding: 1) Two PMP webinars to enhance the shared understanding of project models among PMP project team and stakeholders; 2) One PMP webinar about BMP research to support model co-development; 3) training of modelling team in presenting model results to PMP stakeholders; 4) facilitation of input from farmers and foresters to design WTA survey; 5) assistance with PMP stakeholder engagement in communication research. 2.1b) Model Integration through Scenario Analyses: NA 2.2) Social Learning Research: Interviews and surveys were conducted with PMP participants to track and analyze perceptions of the model development process. Findings were communicated to the PMP facilitation team to aid adaptive management of the engagement process. 2.3) Communications Research: Analysis of mental models of key stakeholder groups was completed. Data collection to help identify concepts the public should know about regional water issues began. Preliminary research of media framing of regional water issues was also conducted. These findings will inform communication tools and curricula for in-service trainings and water schools. 3.1) BMP Research & Demonstrations: Field research to evaluate nutrient loss, water savings and yield for a variety of irrigation and fertilization practices in FL and GA continued. In FL, 4 irrigation scheduling alternatives and 3 N fertilizer rate treatments are being evaluated for a corn-carrot-peanut rotation. This year corn and carrot were planted and harvested and peanut was planted. Data on soil texture, moisture and nutrients were collected 9 times during the growing season, tissue analysis 4 times and data on biomass and yield at harvest. GA is evaluating a corn-cotton-peanut rotation. Corn and cotton had 3 N fertilization and 3 irrigation treatments; peanut had 9 irrigation treatments since N fertilizer was not applied. Soil and tissue samples were collected 4 times during the growing season. Soil matric potential data were collected continuously during the growing season. Corn and peanut plots were successfully harvested but the cotton crop was lost to Hurricane Michael. 3.2) Digital Decision Toolkit Development & Delivery: The SmartIrrigation Corn Mobile App developed in year 1 was used to schedule irrigation treatments in both the FL and GA field experiments. The N component of the App, which simulates soil N concentrations, was developed based on the STICS model, and validated and calibrated using data from the GA field sites. The App is being evaluated and used to schedule fertigation in GA. 3.3) Extension Agent In-Service Training: Three in-service trainings were held, 1 in FL and 2 in GA, to train county Extension agents and water conservation district technicians about irrigation scheduling, including use of soil moisture sensors. 3.4) Water Schools for Decision Makers: NA 4.1) Management & Integration: Project Objective Scientist Team (POST) meetings, monthly Management and Integration Team (MIT) meetings and an annual meeting including the Project Advisory Committee (PAC) provided significant opportunities for integration and sharing of project activities. Based on feedback from the external evaluation more opportunities for substantive exchange across POSTs were provided through All Team Integrative Webinars. In addition, UF Water Institute project coordinators established a bi-weekly management coordination meeting to address both management and program issues raised in monthly POST meetings. Data management: The team uses dropbox to share and store project documents. Documents for the PAC and the PMP are made available behind password protected sections of the project website, and Annual meeting report and presentations are available to the public via the website. This year the UF Library provided data management support to assess and recommend an appropriate repository for secure archiving of data; data management standards and best practices; and provide guidance to archive project data and metadata centrally after QA/QC. In addition, a SQL database of experimental field data and biophysical modeling efforts is being developed by UF personnel. External evaluation: An external evaluation was conducted and a report with results, evaluation methodology and recommendation was provided to the FACETS team. Recommendations have been incorporated into management and planning.

Publications

• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2018 Citation: Guzman, S., R. Karki, and P. Srivastava (2018) Effect of Climate Variability on Crop Yield in the Lower Flint River Basin in Southeastern United States, ASABE Annual International Meeting. July 29- Aug 1, 2018. Detroit, Michigan.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2018 Citation: Guzman, S., R. Karki, and P. Srivastava (2018) Nutrient and Water Transport and Uptake in Corn Production Systems: A Field Scale Assessment in Southern Georgia, US, ASABE Annual International Meeting. July 29- Aug 1, 2018. Detroit, Michigan.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2018 Citation: Rath, S., W. Graham, and D. Kaplan (2018) Quantifying nitrate leaching to groundwater under a variety of water and nutrient management practices, soil types and climate conditions in the Suwannee River Basin, Florida, American Geophysical Union. December 10-14, 2018. Washington D.C.
• Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2018 Citation: Kaplan, D. (2018). POST 1 Overview. 2018 FACETS Annual Meeting. September 20, 2018. Gainesville, FL.
• Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2018 Citation: de Rooij, R. 2018. DisCo Model of Santa Fe River Basin. 2018 FACETS Annual Meeting. September 20, 2018. Gainesville, FL.
• Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2018 Citation: Guzm�n, S., Srivastava, P., Karki, R., & D. Bosch. 2018. Farm Scale Modeling in Southwest Georgia. 2018 FACETS Annual Meeting. September 20, 2018. Gainesville, FL.
• Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2018 Citation: Rath, S., Graham, W., Kaplan, D., Zamora, M., and M. Dukes (2018) Modeling Alternative Water and Nutrient Practices on Yield, Water Use and Nutrient Leaching for Corn-Peanut Rotations in Florida. 2018 FACETS Annual Meeting. September 20, 2018. Gainesville, FL.
• Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2018 Citation: Spellman. P., Kaplan, D. and W. Graham. 2018. Modeling Forest Growth, Water Yield, and Nutrient Leaching in the Southeastern US. 2018 FACETS Annual Meeting. September 20, 2018. Gainesville, FL.
• Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2018 Citation: Spellman. P., Kaplan, D. and W. Graham. 2018. Hydrological Modeling of the Santa Fe River Basin: Two Star-Crossed Models. 2018 FACETS Annual Meeting. September 20, 2018. Gainesville, FL.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2018 Citation: Spellman P., D. Kaplan, W. Graham, R. W. de Rooij (2018) Impacts of land use and climate change on groundwater quality and quantity in a karst watershed, American Geophysical Union. December 10-14, 2018. Washington D.C.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2018 Citation: Karki, R., S. Guzman, and P. Srivastava (2018) Recharge Potential During Wet and Dry Years of the Upper Floridan Aquifer in the Lower Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River Basin, USA, ASABE Annual International Meeting. July 29- Aug 1, 2018. Detroit, Michigan.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2019 Citation: He, F., T. Borisova, K. Athearn, C. Barret (2019) Selecting Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Rate to Maximize Farm Profitability - Evidence from a carrot field experiment in North Florida. Agricultural and Applied Economics Association - 2019 Annual Meeting, Extension Competition for Graduate Students. July 21-23, 2019. Atlanta, GA.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2019 Citation: Hancock, G., A. Smith, U. Koirala, H. Fei, D. Adams, T. Borisova, K. Athearn, S. Guzman, Y. Liu, A. Plastina (2018) An Economic Analysis of Conservation Practices in Georgia Cotton and Peanut Production Systems. Annual Conservation Production Systems Conference/ Workshop. March 15-16, 2018. Waynesboro, GA.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2018 Citation: Koirala, U., G. Hancock, H. Fei, D. Adams, A. Smith, T. Borisova, K. Athearn (2018) Developing Enterprise Budgets for Major Agricultural and Forest Crops in the Upper Suwannee and Lower Flint Regions. 2018 FACETS Annual Meeting. September 20, 2018. Gainesville, FL.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2018 Citation: Susaeta, A. and D. Adams (2018) Economics of longleaf pine with price uncertainty and non-timber benefits in the Southeastern United States. Society of American Foresters. October 3-7, 2018. Portland, OR.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2018 Citation: Koirala, U., A. Susaeta, & D. Adams (2018) The Effects of Non-Timber Ecosystem Services on Economically Optimal Forest Management. Society of American Foresters. October 3-7, 2018. Portland, OR.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2019 Citation: Akande E.O., D. Adams, and S. Stefanou (2019) Analysis of Economic Opportunity of Retaining Ownership of Cow Calf-Operations under Three Production. Southern Agricultural Economics Association. February 2- 5, 2019. Birmingham, Alabama
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2019 Citation: Hancock, G., A. Smith, U. Koirala, F. He, D. Adams, T. Borisova, K. Athearn, S. Guzman, Y. Liu (2019) Development of Best Management Practice Simulations with Enterprise Budgets for Production in the Flint and Suwannee River Basins. Southern Agricultural Economics Association 2019 Annual Meeting. February 2  5, 2019. Birmingham, Alabama.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2019 Citation: He, F., T. Borisova, K. Athearn, B. Hochmuth, C. Barret (2019) Economic Analysis to Support the Development of Agricultural Best Management Practices and Protect Floridas Springs. Southern Agricultural Economics Association - 2019 Annual Meeting. February 2  5, 2019. Birmingham, Alabama.
• Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2018 Citation: Susaeta, A., Sancewich, B., Adams, D., and P. Moreno (2018) Ecosystem Services Production Efficiency of Longleaf Pine under Changing Weather Conditions. 2018 FACETS Annual Meeting. September 20, 2018. Gainesville, FL.
• Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2018 Citation: Koirala, U., Bawa, R., Adams, D. and P. Dwived (2018) Economic Impacts of Land Use Changes and Best Management Practices in the Floridan Aquifer. 2018 FACETS Annual Meeting. September 20, 2018. Gainesville, FL.
• Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2018 Citation: Koirala, U. Klizentyte, K., and D. Adams (2018) Understanding Willingness to Accept (WTA) and Willingness to Pay (WTP) for BMP adoption and land use change. 2018 FACETS Annual Meeting. September 20, 2018. Gainesville, FL.
• Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2018 Citation: Bartels, W., Rowles, K., Masters, M., Staal, L. and C. Furman (2018) Participatory Modeling Process (PMP), FACETS Annual Meeting. September 20, 2018. Gainesville, FL.
• Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2018 Citation: Bartels, W. (2018) FACETS Project Objective 2: Stakeholder Engagement & Social Science Research. 2018 FACETS Annual Meeting. September 20, 2018. Gainesville, FL.
• Type: Other Status: Accepted Year Published: 2018 Citation: Furman, C., W. Bartels, K. Rowels, L. Staal, & M. Masters (2018) Enculturating Engagement: Facilitating learning within a multidisciplinary research project. American Anthropological Association Annual Meeting. November 14-18, 2018. San Jose, CA.
• Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2019 Citation: Furman, C., W. Bartels, K. Rowels, L. Staal (2018) Social Learning Research Phase 1 Establishing Community in the FACETS Participatory Modeling Process (PMP). FACETS Annual Meeting. September 20, 2018. Gainesville, FL.
• Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2018 Citation: Hundemer, S. and M. Monroe (2018) Stakeholder Perceptions of Water Issues Affecting the Floridan Aquifer. 2018 FACETS Annual Meeting. September 20, 2018. Gainesville, FL.
• Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2018 Citation: Hundemer, S. and M. Monroe (2018) Developing Effective Communication Supporting Extension. 2018 FACETS Annual Meeting. September 20, 2018. Gainesville, FL.
• Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2018 Citation: Merrick, R.J, M.D. Dukes, K. Migliaccio, J. Diamond, M. Zamora, & W.D. Graham (2018) Improving Irrigation and Fertilization Best Management Practices (BMP) for Corn-Carrot-Peanut rotation in North Florida. FACETS Annual Meeting. September 20, 2018. Gainesville, FL
• Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2018 Citation: Zamora M., M.D. Dukes, R. J, Merrick, D. Rowland, Graham W.D. and B. Hochmuth (2018) Improving Irrigation and Nitrogen Best Management Practices (BMPs) in Corn-Peanut Rotations in North Florida. FACETS Annual Meeting. September 20, 2018. Gainesville, FL
• Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Zamora-Re, M.I. (2019) Irrigation and Nitrogen Best Management Practices in Corn Production. PhD Dissertation. University of Florida.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2018 Citation: Karki, R., P. Srivastava, and S. Guzman (2018) Effect of Current and Projected Agricultural Irrigation Water Withdrawals on Upper Floridan Aquifer in the Lower Apalachicola- Chattahoochee-Flint River Basin, USA. Alabama Water Resources Conference and Symposium. September 6  7, 2018. Orange Beach, Alabama.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2018 Citation: Spellman P., D. Kaplan, W. Graham, S. Rath (2018) Documenting the development and use of coupled surface and groundwater models to determine the fate of nutrients in a karst aquifer. American Geophysical Union. December 10-14, 2018. Washington D.C.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2019 Citation: Vellidis, G., M. Dukes, W. Graham, & C. Perry (2019) The Floridan Aquifer Collaborative Engagement for Sustainability. Georgia Crop Improvement Association Annual Conference. March 28, 2019. Athens, GA.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2019 Citation: Merrick, R.J., M. Zamora, J. Diamond, M.D. Dukes, W.D. Graham (2019) Improvements in water usage and nitrogen leaching in corn using soil moisture sensor-controlled irrigation. Florida Section ASABE. June 26-29, 2019. Delray Beach, Florida.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2019 Citation: Zamora-Re, M.I., M.D. Dukes, S. Rath, D. Rowland (2019) Water and Nitrogen Budget Dynamics from a Corn-Fallow-Peanut Rotation. Florida Section ASABE. June 26-29, 2019. Delray Beach, Florida
• Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2018 Citation: Diamond, J.S., M.D. Dukes, K. Migliaccio, D. Rowland, & R.J. Merrick (2018) Corn-App-Copia: Development of a Smartphone Application for ET-based Irrigation Scheduling in Field Corn. FACETS Annual Meeting. September 20, 2018. Gainesville, FL.
• Type: Other Status: Accepted Year Published: 2019 Citation: Vellidis, G., V. Liakos, C. Perry (2019) ET-Based Smartphone Applications for Irrigation Scheduling in Corn, Cotton, and Soybean. Alabama Irrigation Workshop. January 23, 2019. Dothan, Alabama.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2019 Citation: Vellidis, G., V. Liakos, C. Perry (2019) ET-Based Smartphone Applications for Irrigation Scheduling in Corn, Cotton, and Soybean. Georgia Water Resources Conference. April 16-17, 2018. Athens, GA.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2019 Citation: Toffanin, A., C. Perry, M. Gruver, A. Orfanou, D. Pavlou, B.J. Washington, G. Vellidis (2019) Predicting Soil Nitrogen Availability for Corn with a Simulation Model. University of Georgia Tifton Campus Graduate Student Poster Competition. May 3, 2019. Athens, GA.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2018 Citation: Graham, W., D. Kaplan, D. Adams, T. Borisova, W.L. Bartels, M. Dukes, C. Barrett, L. Staal, K. Athearn, M. Monroe, K. Rowles, M. Masters, A. Smith, P. Dwivedi, G. Vellidis, W. Porter, and P. Srivastiva (2018) Stakeholder-Driven Modeling in Support of Groundwater Sustainability: The Floridan Aquifer Collaborative Engagement for Sustainability (FACETS) Project. American Geophysical Union. December 10-14, 2018. Washington D.C.
• Type: Other Status: Accepted Year Published: 2019 Citation: Graham W., D. Adams, K. Athearn, C. Barrett, W. Bartels, T. Borisova, M. Dukes, P. Dwivedi, C. Furman, S. Galindo, R. Hochmuth, L. Kalin, D. Kaplan, M. Masters, M. Monroe, W. Porter, K. Rowles, A. Smith, P. Smith, P. Srivastava, L. Staal, G. Vellidis. (2019) FACETS: Floridan Aquifer Collaborative Engagement for Sustainability Project. Agricultural Research Congressional Exhibition and Reception. May 15, 2019. Washington D. C.
• Type: Websites Status: Other Year Published: 2018 Citation: Graham, W., P. Carton de Grammont Lara, and L. Staal (on-going) http://floridanwater.org/
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2019 Citation: Bawa, R., & P. Dwivedi (in press) Impact of land cover on groundwater quality in the Upper Floridan Aquifer in Florida, United States. Environmental Pollution, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.06.054
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2019 Citation: Bawa, R. & P. Dwivedi (2019) Impact of land cover on groundwater quality in the Upper Floridan Aquifer in Florida, United States. Georgia Water Resource Conference. April 16-17, 2019. Athens, GA

Progress 07/01/17 to 06/30/18

Outputs
Target Audience:Farmers, Foresters, Environmental Agency Personnel, Water Management Agency Personel, Non Governmental Organization Representatives, Private Industry Representatives, Extension Professionals, Researchers, Students Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Training is being provided for 7 graduate students and 2 post-doctoral associates under this project. Two Ph.D. students and one post-doc attended a USGS training session on ModelMuse in Reston VA in Aug 2017. One Ph. D. student attended an advanced SWAT workshop at Texas A&M University in May 2018. Two post-docs attended a SWAT-MODFLOW workshop at Colorado State University in Jun 2018. One Ph.D. student is being trained on stochastic economic modeling of water and timber production and enterprise budget development and analysis. Capacity for interdisciplinary research/discourse and effective methods of stakeholder engagement and co-learning are built into the entire project team through planned activities at all-hands project meetings and PMP workshops. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Two Participatory Modeling Process (PMP) workshops and 3 webinars educated 25 PMP stakeholders, who are leaders representing state regulatory, water management, agricultural, forestry and environmental organizations in the FL-GA study area. These workshops and webinars focused on project goals, the modeling framework being developed, the participatory nature of the project, their roles as PMP stakeholders, and helped them learn about areas outside of their expertise. In addition 14 individual and group meetings were held with Project Advisory Committee (PAC) members and other advisory groups such as the Governing Board of the Suwannee River Water Management District, Advisory Committee of the Suwannee River Partnership, Santa Fe River Springs Protection Forum, Florida Springs Institute, Georgia Chamber of Commerce, and Suwannee-Satilla Regional Water Council. These meetings informed these stakeholders about the project and its progress. Preliminary modeling results using data from the corn-peanut BMP experiments being conducted in Live Oak, FL were presented to the PAC in a webinar. In addition, a large number of stakeholder events were attended and individual farmers were visited to understand context and assess needs in the study area. Twelve presentations of project findings were presented at state and national professional conferences, including the 2018 University of Florida Water Institute Biennial Symposium. Forest ecosystem service research findings were disseminated in one peer-reviewed journal publication, and one additional paper is currently under review. Three Extension in-service trainings were held - 1 in FL & 2 in GA - to teach county Extension agents about irrigation scheduling and familiarize them with use of soil moisture sensors. The FACETS project website (Floridanwater.org) and a one-page factsheet describing the project were developed. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Objective 1 1.1 Biophysical Modeling: Existing data from farm/forest Best Management Practice (BMP) experiments in the study area will continue to be sought from colleagues in the region to test the farm/forest scale models. In addition to agronomic (corn-cotton-peanut) rotations, DSSAT and SWAT will be calibrated using hay production, sod-based rotation, pasture and forest BMP experiments in the study region. Once calibrated and verified with data from these experiments, SWAT will be used to simulate the range of current management practices identified by PMP stakeholders for agronomic crop rotations, pastures and forests in the study region over a variety of soil, slopes and weather conditions. These farm/forest scale simulations will provide baseline information on current water and nutrient balances for priority crops in the study region over a range of soils, landscape position and retrospective weather conditions. The first round of current condition (baseline) farm/forest-scale biophysical modeling will be presented to Participatory Modeling Process (PMP) stakeholders for review in fall 2018. Results will be refined based on stakeholder input, and current condition and future scenario farm/forest scale results will be presented to PMP stakeholders for review and analysis in spring 2019. Regional-scale biophysical model (SWAT-MODFLOW) development and calibration for the current condition will continue for both the Santa Fe basin and the Lower Flint basin. Plans are to present preliminary regional modeling results for the current condition to PMP stakeholders in fall 2019. 1.2 Economic Modeling & Economic Analysis: Farm-scale budgets for FL corn, peanut and carrot will be vetted with growers and crop specialists, then finalized. Farm-scale enterprise budgets for Bahia and Bermuda grass hay and pasture will be developed. Forest enterprise budgets for slash/loblolly (intensive) and longleaf (extensive) pine production systems will be developed. In conjunction with the biophysical modeling, the first round of farm/forest-scale economic modeling for current (baseline) conditions will be presented to PMP stakeholders for review in fall 2018. Results will be refined based on stakeholder input, and current condition and future scenario farm/forest scale results will be presented to PMP stakeholders for review and analysis in spring 2019. Regional-scale economic modeling will begin in 2019. Plans are to present preliminary regional modeling results for the current condition to PMP stakeholders in fall 2019. 1.3 Land Use Change Modeling: Impact of historical land use changes on water quality in the Suwannee River basin will be analyzed in 2018-2019. Development of an optimization model for understanding the link between environmental regulations, market changes, and social choices on water quality in the Suwannee River basin will begin. Data for the Lower Flint River will be identified in 2018-2019. The land-use change modeling framework and preliminary results will be presented to PMP stakeholders in fall 2019. 1.4 Stakeholder Preference & Valuation Research: Surveys will be designed to assess stakeholder preferences and determine the set of feasible incentives needed for farm and forest landowners to adopt BMPs to save water and improve water quality. Furthermore, the economic efficiency of agricultural lands in providing both agricultural outputs (corn, cotton, peanuts, hay, carrots, and timber) and improvements to water resources given different levels of soil productivity, ownership, levels of natural disturbances and climatic conditions will be analyzed. Objective 2 2.1 Participatory Modeling Process (PMP) and Scenario Analyses: PMP stakeholder webinars will be planned and facilitated on topics to support model co-development and interpretation. Two PMP workshops (fall 2018 and spring 2019), including stakeholders and project team members, will be designed, implemented, evaluated and documented to advance participatory modeling goals. PMP workshops will include field tours of a first-magnitude spring and a forestry site. Future scenarios for model simulation will be developed within the PMP, and tradeoffs generated in simulated future scenarios will be discussed. Project team members will attend PMP workshops and present field experiment and modeling results as needed. Relationships among stakeholders and scientists will continue to be cultivated through attending local events of significance to the project. Learning will be facilitated among social scientists within Project Objective Scientist Team (POST) 2 and across POSTs 1 and 3 to build relevance into project outputs and identify synergies across teams. Other USDA projects with similar participatory approaches will be contacted to share ideas for outreach and support professional development. 2.2 Social Learning Research: Preparation and analysis of interviews and surveys of PMP participants will continue. Initial findings of social learning research will be presented at the annual American Anthropology Association conference. A journal article on the preparatory phase of the FACETS PMP will be completed and submitted for review during the next year. 2.3 Communications Research: Responses collected to date will be analyzed to refine understanding of stakeholders' mental models of the agriculture/water system in the study area. Interaction among PMP stakeholders and the project team will continue to determine what needs to be understood to develop effective communication materials for the project. Objective 3 3.1 BMP Research and Demos: BMP research documenting crop yield, water use, and water and nutrients leached for a variety of irrigation and nutrient management practices will continue at the UF (corn-carrot-peanut-corn rotations) and UGA (corn-cotton-peanut) research field sites in FL and GA. 3.2 Digital Decision Toolkit Development: The Corn Mobile App will continue to be developed and tested using data from FL and GA. Work will be begin on the nitrogen tracking algorithms in 2018. 3.3 Extension Agent In-Service Training: In-service trainings for county Extension agents will be offered on irrigation scheduling and other relevant topics. 3.4 Water Schools for Decision Makers: These will be initiated in years 4 and 5 of the project. Objective 4 4. Management and Integration: Monthly meetings of the 3 Project Objective Science Teams (POSTs) and the Management and Integration Team (MIT) will continue as the means of integrating the many project activities. The Project Advisory Committee (PAC) will meet for the second time - in person this time - as part of the first annual project meeting in September 2018. The project evaluator will work with the project team to implement monitoring and evaluation.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? IMPACT: This project has stimulated great interest among state regulators, water managers, agricultural producers, foresters and environmental groups in the FL-GA study area. Stakeholders are enthusiastic about the goals of the project and optimistic that results will help ensure sustainability of the Upper Floridan aquifer in the study region while maintaining a robust rural economy. 1.1 Biophysical Modelinga) Farm/Forest Scale: A literature review of the 3PG, DSSAT, APEX and SWAT models was completed to identify each model's theoretical background, assumptions, and limitations. Existing data from farm/forest Best Management Practice (BMP) experiments in the study area were gathered to test the models. DSSAT and SWAT simulations of a corn-peanut rotation BMP experiment at the UF Research and Extension Center in Live Oak, FL were conducted. Both models provided good predictions of crop yield, crop nitrogen uptake, soil moisture and soil nitrate concentration for the 9 BMP treatments over the 3-year experiment. DSSAT and SWAT simulations are being compared for corn, peanut, and cotton BMPs using data collected in Georgia. Water yield was estimated under different levels of forest management and climatic condition using data from forest BMP plots in FL and GA. Tradeoffs among water production, timber production and carbon sequestration, and efficiency of joint production of water and other ecosystem services were evaluated. The Extension Team and Participatory Modeling Process (PMP) stakeholders defined the range of current production practices for major crops (corn, peanuts, cotton, hay, carrots, grazed pasture) and forests in N FL and SW GA that will be simulated to understand water and nutrient balances for baseline conditions at the farm-forest scale. b) Regional Scale Modeling: Data on soils, land use, climate, geology, surface water hydrology, groundwater use, and other relevant datasets were compiled, and appropriate calibration and validation datasets were identified for the FL and GA watersheds. In both FL and GA, development of a transient MODFLOW model began. SWAT-MODFLOW calibration will begin in fall 2018. The coupled SWAT-MODFLOW models will serve as the platform for assessing tradeoffs among the economy, water quality, and water quantity at the watershed scale. 1.2 Economic Modeling and Economic Analysisa) Farm/Forest Scale: Crop budgets were developed for peanut, corn, and carrot production in FL and peanut, corn and cotton in GA. This work included arranging meetings with crop specialists, developing an interview guide, scheduling interviews with growers, obtaining budget-related data from other sources, and creating a budget template. Draft budgets for the three FL crops were completed, but require additional validation. Final budgets for the 3 GA crops were completed. This work will allow a better understanding of impacts of changes in production practices and land uses on farm-level profitability and the regional economy. b) Regional Scale Economic Modeling: NA 1.3 Land Use Change ModelingData sources for the Suwannee River basin in GA and FL were identified for use in land use change modeling. Analysis of Suwannee River basin data will begin in summer 2018. Data for the Lower Flint River will be identified in 2018-2019. 1.4 Stakeholder Preference and Valuation ResearchNA 2.1 Participatory Modeling Process (PMP) and Scenario Analysesa) Stakeholder Selection and Workshop Design: Stakeholder selection criteria were developed. Twenty-four PMP participants were identified, invited, and visited to explain goals of the project in general and the PMP in particular. Eight PMP workshops were planned to provide iterative engagement. Two PMP workshops (Dec 2017 and Apr 2018), each attended by more than 40 people, were designed, facilitated, evaluated and documented with reports. Project team members prepared, participated in, and shared their expertise during the PMP workshops, and project scientist and stakeholder relationships were cultivated.Two stakeholder webinars were conducted to understand current cropping and forestry practices. Stakeholder input improved modelers' understanding of current conditions that will drive baseline farm-scale and regional biophysical and economic models. Outcomes were compiled in documents to inform the modeling team. b) Model Integration through Scenario Analyses: NA 2.2 Social Learning ResearchResearch focused on social learning among PMP participants and their understanding and opinions. The research approach and plan were developed and IRB protocols were obtained. Research data collection instruments (surveys and interview) were designed and data collection began. Analysis is on-going. Information shared with the facilitation team informed PMP workshop activities and adaptive management of the process. 2.3 Communications Researcha) Explore perceptions: Members of the public and PMP were surveyed to understand their perceptions of the Floridan aquifer and relationships between their rural economy and water. Written survey and card-sorting techniques (3CM) were administered. Data analysis was initiated and preliminary results were reviewed. Results highlight the similarities and differences among PMP stakeholders. Results will contribute to future objectives of framing effective communication materials. b) Develop communications materials: NA 3.1 BMP Research and DemonstrationsThe UF and UGA BMP field research began. The FL field experiment is a corn, carrot, peanut rotation. The FL site has 120 20'x40' plots arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications across 4 irrigation scheduling and 3 nitrogen fertilizer rate treatments. The GA site has 81 50'x 50' plots divided into three blocks of 27 plots. Corn, cotton, and peanut will be rotated between the blocks each year. For corn, 3 replications across 3 irrigation scheduling and 3 nitrogen fertilizer rate treatments were established. The FL and GA plots are sampled similarly. Real-time sensors measure soil water content over depth in the root zone. Soil samples from the plots are collected biweekly during the crop season at 3 depths, and sent to the lab for NOx-N and NH4-N analyses. Tissue sampling occurs at key growth stages (~4-6 times/season). Samples are analyzed for biomass accumulation and nitrogen content. In GA 6 plots (2 in each block) were instrumented with flumes, pressure transducers, and water samplers to capture surface runoff. 3.2 Digital Decision Toolkit DevelopmentThe Corn Mobile App will track soil water and soil nitrogen under corn production and provide notifications to the user when irrigation or fertilization is needed.Algorithms for the irrigation scheduling component of the Corn App were developed, and evaluation of the algorithms began.The algorithms are being used to schedule irrigation on the corn plots at the UF and UGA BMP research sites, and serve as one of the irrigation treatments described in the previous section. Findings from the field work will be used to adjust and improve the algorithms. 3.3 Extension Agent In-Service TrainingThree in-service trainings were held - 1 in FL and 2 in GA - to train county Extension agents about irrigation scheduling and familiarize them with use of soil moisture sensors. 3.4 Water Schools for Decision MakersNA 4. Management and IntegrationAll-hands project meetings were held in Jan, Sept and Nov 2017. Monthly meetings of the Management and Integration Team (MIT) began in Jun 2017. The Project Advisory Committee (PAC) was constituted and a PAC kickoff meeting was held virtually in Dec 2017. Monthly meetings of the 3 Project Objective Scientist Teams (POSTs) began in November 2017. The external evaluator fine-tuned approaches that will be used to monitor and evaluate project activities and products, including developing data collection instruments and procedures that could be integrated seamlessly with project activities.

Publications

• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2018 Citation: Rath, S. , M. Zamora, W. Graham. Comparison of SWAT and DSSAT for Field Scale Evaluation of BMPs, University of Florida Water Institute Biennial Symposium.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Guzman, S ., R. Karki, P. Srivastava. Modeling Nutrient Leaching at Farm Scale: A Comparison of Hydrological and Crop Models, University of Florida Water Institute Biennial Symposium.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2018 Citation: Spellman, P., D. Kaplan. The efficacy of different gridded climate datasets in simulating hydrological output in the Santa Fe River Basin, University of Florida Water Institute Biennial Symposium.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: He, F., T. Borisova, K. Athearn, D. Adams, X. Bi. Economic Analysis of Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Rates for North Florida Carrot, University of Florida Water Institute Biennial Symposium.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Koirala, U., K. Athearn, D. Adams. Enterprise-level Economic Impacts of Agricultural BMP Adoption to Meet Florida Water Quality and Quantity Standards, University of Florida Water Institute Biennial Symposium.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2018 Citation: Susaeta, A., B. Sancewich, D. Adams, P Moreno. Ecosystem services production efficiency of longleaf pine under climate change, Ecological Economics.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2018 Citation: Adams, D., A. Susaeta. Economic tradeoffs between timber and water yield in Southern Pine Forests, University of Florida Water Institute Biennial Symposium.
• Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2017 Citation: Bartels, W., K. Rowles. Engaging in a Participatory Modeling Process, Fact Sheet distributed to project stakeholders.
• Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2018 Citation: Bartels, W., K. Rowles, M. Masters, L. Staal, C. Furman. FACETS Participatory Modeling Process (PMP) Workshop 1 Report, Report emailed to participating stakeholders and posted on project website.
• Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2018 Citation: Bartels, W., K. Rowles, M. Masters, L. Staal, C. Furman. FACETS Particpatory Modeling Process (PMP) Workshop 2 Report, Report emailed to participating stakeholders and posted on project website.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2017 Citation: Bartels, W., C.A. Furman. Linking scientists with stakeholders through participatory modeling: Roles for anthropologists & lessons in preparation., 116th annual meeting of the American Anthropology Association  Anthropology Matters! Washington DC. 29Nov.-3Dec.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2018 Citation: Hundemer, S. Who are they? Understanding Audiences to Design or Improve programs, University of Florida Water Institute Biennial Symposium.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2018 Citation: Hundemer, S., M. Monroe. Into the Minds of Stakeholders: Using Mental Models to Enhance Environmental Education, Southeastern Environmental Education Alliance.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2018 Citation: Hundemer, S. Into the Minds of Stakeholders: Using Mental Models to Enhance Program Development, Association of Natural Resource Professionals.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2018 Citation: Troy, P., J. Love. Implementing BMPs in Irrigated Corn to Improve Water Quality, University of Florida Water Institute Biennial Symposium.
• Type: Websites Status: Other Year Published: 2017 Citation: Graham, W., C. Lippincott, L. Staal. Project Web site, http://floridanwater.org.
• Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2017 Citation: Graham, W., W. Bartels. The Floridan Aquifer Collaborative Engagement for Sustainability, Santa Fe River Spring Forum, November 9, High Springs, FL.
• Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2017 Citation: Dwivedi, P. The Floridan Aquifer Collaborative Engagement for Sustainability: Project Overview, Georgia Chamber of Commerce, December 5, Atlanta GA.
• Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2018 Citation: Graham, W. The Floridan Aquifer Collaborative Engagement for Sustainability: Project Overview, Suwannee River Partnership Advisory Committee Meeting, June 7, Love Oak, FL.
• Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2018 Citation: Graham, W. The Floridan Aquifer Collaborative Engagement for Sustainability: Project Overview, Suwannee River Water Management District Governing Board meeting, June 12, Live Oak, FL.
• Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2017 Citation: C.A. Furman. Round-table participation in session titled "Anthropology Matters in Extension", 116th annual meeting of the American Anthropology Association  Anthropology Matters! Washington DC. 29Nov.-3Dec..
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2018 Citation: Zamora Re, M.I., M. Dukes. BMPs evaluation at field scale to reduce nitrogen leaching without impact on corn yield, University of Florida Water Institute Biennial Symposium.