Source: NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV submitted to NRP
INFLUENCE OF FOOD MATRIX INTERACTIONS ON PHYTOCHEMICAL BIOAVAILABILITY AND ACTIVITY
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
HATCH
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1011756
Grant No.
(N/A)
Cumulative Award Amt.
(N/A)
Proposal No.
(N/A)
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Jan 19, 2017
Project End Date
Sep 30, 2021
Grant Year
(N/A)
Program Code
[(N/A)]- (N/A)
Recipient Organization
NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV
(N/A)
RALEIGH,NC 27695
Performing Department
Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences
Non Technical Summary
Associations between consumption of phytochemical-rich foods and health benefits have stimulated interest in patterns of consumption, bioavailability and tissue distribution of these bioactive compounds and their predominant metabolites in humans. Several phytochemicals have demonstrated biological activities consistent with prevention or amelioration of many chronic and degenerative diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative disorders. While promising, extension of these findings obtained with individual phytochemicals or botanical extracts to more complex foods is challenged by our limited knowledge of how bioavailability and metabolism of phytochemicals may be modulated by formulation and processing of phytochemical-rich foods. Stability to traditional food processing and storage conditions, and subsequent release from the food matrix through digestion, absorption and delivery of the bioactive form to target tissues are all required to extend protective activities. Phytochemical interaction with macro and micronutrients in complex foods may alter their susceptibility to food processing and/or subsequent storage stability, and may modulate digestive behavior and metabolism of specific phytochemicals altering physiological levels and/or specific biological activities. Our efforts will address aspects of food formulation and processing that impact phytochemicals behavior in the food matrix and through digestion in the gut. We will also assess how these interactions impact delivery of dietary phytochemicals, and potentially impact their activities related to human health with particular focus on the gut. Information gained from these studies will add to our understanding of the physiological significance of dietary phytochemicals and facilitate the design of future studies by specifying specific formulations and processes suitable for delivery of biologically relevant phytochemical forms for prevention of specific diseases.
Animal Health Component
25%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
75%
Applied
25%
Developmental
(N/A)
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
7015010101050%
5015010101050%
Knowledge Area
501 - New and Improved Food Processing Technologies; 701 - Nutrient Composition of Food;

Subject Of Investigation
5010 - Food;

Field Of Science
1010 - Nutrition and metabolism;
Goals / Objectives
Our overall goal for this project is to develop knowledge on how food matrix interactions influence phytochemical absorption, metabolism and physiological activity in humans. This information will provide a framework designing and optimizing food formulation and processing strategies to enhance delivery of bioactive phytochemicals from foods benefiting human health. To accomplish these goals, the following specific objectives are outlined:To examine changes in phytochemical and micronutrient composition of foods as influenced by formulation, processing and storage conditions with particular focus on macronutrient-phytochemical interactions.To examine how macro/micronutrients-phytochemical interactions in foods influence carotenoid and (poly)phenolic digestive release/stability, bioavailability and metabolism.To determine the extent to which carotenoid and (poly)phenolic bioactivity may be modulated by food processing and human/microbial metabolism.
Project Methods
Our overall research approach is to focus on how specific interactions between phytochemicals and micro/macro-nutrients within the food matrix may influence phytochemical stability, bioavailability and bioactivity in the gut and periphery. Examples of phytochemicals that may be investigated in our efforts will include: plant pigments (carotenoids and anthocyanins), plant (poly)phenolics (phenolic acids, flavonoids and stilbenes).Objective#1. To study of factors impacting stability, bioavailability and metabolism of phytochemicals from foods, we will quantify phytochemicals and their primary degradation products in fresh and processed fruit and vegetable foods. Phytochemical extraction and analysis methods we have previously developed (1-6) will be refined and validated for individual matrices to optimize analyte recovery. These methods rely principally on liquid chromatography (coupled to photodiode array and electrochemical detection as well as mass spectrometry for quantitation and structural characterization. For advanced structural information, we will collaborate M. Lila and C. Kay for MSn and NMR experiments utilizing capabilities in the Plants for Human Health Institute at NCSU. Characterization of phytochemical profiles in unique grain, fruit and vegetable germplasm will also be investigated in collaboration with T. Rochford and B. Hamaker at Purdue University as well M. Iorzzio and M. Lila at NCSU. Examples may include characterization of phenolic and carotenoid fractions of maize, sorghum and miller grains and the quantification of berry-derived polyphenols in fruit and juice processing streams. The effects of food processing unit operations on phytochemical profiles will be investigated including: grain milling, thermal processing methods and time/temperature, pH, water activity, oxygen content, and storage time/temperature. We will use both model systems and commercially available products to test hypotheses on phytochemical process stability. This may involve production of model food products within the food processing pilot plant at North Carolina State University. We intend to evaluate formulation and processing effects on phytochemicals including degradation kinetics through processing/storage, identification of degradation products, and formulation factors, including macronutrient interaction, such as binding by protein or fiber, that may enhance or accelerate degradation of bioactive phytochemicals.Objective#2. Our efforts to characterize food matrix effects on phytochemical digestive stability, bioavailability and metabolism will utilize a combination of models including in vitro digestion, intestinal cell culture and in vivo approaches. These experiments will be complimented with physical-chemical characterization of phytochemical-macronutrient interactions using a combination of spectrometric, calorimetric and rheological approaches. We feel this combination of chemical characterization with in vitro and in vivo gut models will allow for determination of both the extent of and mechanisms by which interactions in food matrices impact stability, release, and subsequent bioavailability of phytochemicals. In vitro digestion experiments will rely on three-stage oral, gastric and small intestinal model previously developed/adapted by our group (4, 7-9). These digestive models rely on predetermined physiological parameters to simulate relevant digestive stages and reactions. Phytochemical digestive stability and transfer from the food matrix to the aqueous phases can be quantified to determine quantities of bioaccessible phytochemical forms as influenced by macro/micro-nutrient interactions in complex food matrices. Interactions between macronutrients and phytochemicals in this stage will rely on spectrophotometric and fluorometric (10) as well as calorimetric (11) approaches (in collaboration with M. Lila and A. Foegeding, NCSU). Factors influencing intestinal absorption and metabolism of digested phytochemicals will then be assessed using the Caco-2 human intestinal cell culture models. Our group and other have used Caco-2 extensively to study absorptive mechanisms and efficiency for numerous phytochemicals including: carotenoids (12-15), chlorophylls (16,17), and plant phenolics (7,8, 18-22). We will utilize Caco-2 as a tool to screen the effects of various food formulation factors (such as altered macronutrient and micro nutrient content) on kinetics and efficiency of intestinal uptake, transport and metabolism as well as impact of phytochemicals to intestinal barrier properties. This model has more recently been adapted to the mechanistic investigation of phytochemical-mcaronutrient interactions that alter macronutrrient digestibility and intestinal transport (i.e. glucose transport) (23) allowing for screening of interactions in the food matrix that may alter availability of nutrients in the gut.Pharmacokinetic assessment of phytochemicals will be conducted in controlled human trials using commercially relevant food and supplement systems. However, relevant animal models (murine and porcine) will be utilized to explore specific aspects of phytochemical metabolism and tissue distribution. As a primary focus, our efforts will target phytochemicals from tea/cocoa (flavan-3-ols), berries (flavan-3-ols, anthocyanins), grapes (anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins and resveratrol) and yellow and green vegetables (carotenoids). Plasma and tissue metabolites will be characterized using LC-MS and MS/MS techniques developed in Objective 1 and refined for biological samples. It is anticipated that this work will be conducted through collaborations with C. Weaver (Purdue), D. Nieman (ASU) and J. Novotny (USDA-ARS).Objective#3. To characterize the impact of food matrix and digestive/metabolic alterations on bioactivity of phytochemicals, comparative assessments will be made with phytochemicals common in fresh foods to those identified in processed foods, dietary supplements and following digestion, hepatic and microbial metabolism. Phytochemical constituents will be assayed as single compounds and as whole food extracts for specific measures of bioactivity. Initial screening of bioactivity will be accomplished by using established in vitro/cell based methods designed to assess responses to key markers including oxidative and inflammatory stress. Specific focus will be placed on activity in the GI tract with intestinal tissues as primary targets. We may investigate the modulation of cellular oxidative stress by phytochemical metabolites and digestive products using the dichlorofluorescein (DCF) assay as described by Wang and Joseph (24). Measures of anti-inflammatory activity can be investigated by studying the modulation of inflammatory mediators (25). In addition, we will assess the ability of phytochemicals from whole foods to modulate intestinal function using a coupled In vitro digestion/Caco-2 human intestinal cell model to assess barrier properties (trans epithelial electrical resistance) and modulation of gene expression of key intestinal transport systems and phase-II metabolic processes. Through comparison of these relative measures of bioactivity, inferences may be made regarding the impact of processing and macro-micronutrient interactions on biologically relevant phytochemical forms and their impact at the intestinal and systemic levels. We may collaboratively assess (with J. Novotny) specific activities in a clinical setting with a focus on comparison of obese and lean individuals. This would include assessment of systemic markers of inflammation elevated in obesity including high sensitivity c-reactive protein (hsCRP), serum amyloid A (SAA), IL-6, IL-1b TNFa, gut permeability through assessment of circulating LPS or through the lactulose Mannitol ratio test. Strategies may then be designed to deliver preferential phytochemical forms associated with potential dietary benefits.

Progress 10/01/19 to 09/30/20

Outputs
Target Audience:Academic Researchers, Government Researchers, International Development, Food Industry and Medical Professionals Changes/Problems:COVID 19 impacts and backlog of research continue to impact our progress into 2021. We anticipate normal actiuvity by mid year and hope that ongoing studies will remain minimally impacted. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Our research efforts and collaborations have provided opportunities for post-doctoral researchers and graduate students totrain in a true interdisciplinary environment at the Plants for Human Health Institute. At the PHHI we engage in both public and privately funded research projects that includes plant science, human nutrition, food science and fundamental analytical chemistry. We provide support for graduate students and post doctoral researchers to present their research at national and international meetings in 2020 including at Nutrition 2020. These meetings were online due to COVID and we anticipate significantly more presentation in 2021. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Nothing Reported What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?In the coming year we plan to complete our examination of phytochemcial (carotenoid and phenolic) bioaccessibility across germplasm collections of spinach, blueberries and sorghum grains. With multiple years of data we anticipate our collaborators will now be able. to initiatestudiesto understand the potential for genetic control of nutrient/phytonutrient delivery. This is the primary goal building from significant 2018-2020efforts. We are also completeing studies that provided more detailed comparative assessment of whole fruit and juice and opther matrix effects on both the generation ofphenolic host and microbial metabolites as well as bioaccessibility factors from teh lower gut. These efforts will also support on going nutritional studies focused on bioavailability and bioactivity of plant phytochemicals.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? In 2020 our research continued to expand our understanding of dietary micronutrient and phytochemical stability and impact to the food matrix and their bioavailability and metabolism from food. Despite delays due to COVID 19, our research efforts continued to enhance our understanding of factors critical to modulating dietary phenolic and carotenoid absorption and metabolism in humans and the potential link to their biological activity. This included focus on both food matrix (plant genetics, formulation and processing), digestive/preabsorbtive (i.e. phenolic-starch interactions) and systemic effects (anti-inflammatory, bone health.). This past year we have completed and reported on several aspects of this ongoing research program including: 1. We expanded our fundamental exploration polyphenol-starch interactions demonstrating the chemical nature of their interaction and how starch-phenolic complexes are built on physical CH-π interactions and that these interactions can alter both the in vitro rate of starch digestibility but also glycemic response in a rodent model (2 publications). This expands upon our ongoing work exploring the glycemic modifying effects of phenolics in general. (1 publication) 2. Despite COVID delays we were able to grow our efforts in applied research and development of nutritionally enhanced porridges for West Africa (USAID funded but associated with USDA-NIFA HATCH Project). We have transitioned experimental formulation work with iron and provitamin A carotenoid rich native plant into commercial ready products. Translation to commercial partners in Senegal and Niger is now ongoing. We have been able to publish on both experimental evidence of food to food fortification strategies and collaboratively have published on a working definition of this novel approach to counteract malnutrition. (2 publications). We have also expanded our research into the processing and storage effects on carotenoid stability in biofortified cereals and composite porridge flours (2 publications). Also two comprehensive reviews on use of in vitro models and a proposed working definition of the concept of food-to-food forticiation were completed with key collaborators in Africa andthe EU. 3. In 2020 we have continued implement our high throughput digestion model system to screen for variation in bioaccessibility of spinach and blueberry germplasm. We have found that diversity of bioaccessibility exist in both spinach and blueberry and that processing may influence this effect (2 publications). Genetics X processing (GXP) interactions that may be critical for carotenoids and chlorophylls in spinach. We have also initiated an expansion of this work to cereal grains such as sorghum collaboratively with Kansas State University. 4. In 2020 we were able to report on ongoing work related to phenolic bioavailability from blueberries as influenced by dosing form, time and associated toxicological implications for consuming high levels of blueberry as a dietary supplement (2 publications). This work (funded by NIH) was also critical to advancing the aims of collaborative study on bone health effects of dietary blueberry phenolics and the influence of plant genetics in this effect (1 publication). Similarly we have been able to explore the influence of fruit form (whole fruit versus juice) in bioavailability of phemolics from grape. Using an in vitro digestion-Caco-2 model we were able to demonstrate that grape juice and whole grapes deliver similar proportions of grape phenolics and may in fact be more similar than percieved. This supports current dietary guidance that 100% juice can serve as a fruit serving.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Li M, Ndiaye C, Corbin S, Foegeding EA, Ferruzzi MG. Starch-phenolic complexes are built on physical CH-? interactions and can persist after hydrothermal treatments altering hydrodynamic radius and digestibility of model starch-based foods. Food chemistry. Mar 5;308:125577. 2020.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Ferruzzi MG, Hamaker BR, Bordenave N. Phenolic compounds are less degraded in presence of starch than in presence of proteins through processing in model porridges. Food chemistry. 309, 125769. 2020.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Debelo H, Kruger J, NDiaye C, Hamaker, BR and Ferruzzi MG. African Adansonia digitata (baobab) modifies provitamin A carotenoid bioaccessibility but not uptake by Caco-2 human intestinal cells from composite pearl millet porridges. Journal of Food Science and Technology. 57 (4), 1382-1392. 2020.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Ndiaye C, Martinez MM, Hamaker BR, Campanella OH and Ferruzzi MG. Effect of edible plant materials on provitamin A stability and bioaccessibility from extruded whole pearl millet (P. typhoides) composite blends. LWT - Food Science and Technology. 123, 109109. 2020.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Solverson PM, Henderson TR, Debelo H, Ferruzzi MG, Baer DJ, and Novotny JA. An Anthocyanin-Rich Mixed-Berry Intervention May Improve Insulin Sensitivity in a Randomized Trial of Overweight and Obese Adults. Nutrients 11 (12), 2876. 2020
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Hayes M, Pottorff M, Kay C, Van Deynze A, Osorio-Marin J, Lila MA, Iorrizo M and Ferruzzi MG. In vitro bioaccessibility of carotenoids and chlorophylls in a diverse collection of spinach accessions and commercial cultivars. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 68(11):3495-3505. 2020.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Debelo H, Li M and Ferruzzi MG. Processing Influences on Food Polyphenol Profiles and Biological Activity. Current Opinions in Food Science. 32, 90-102. 2020.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Cladis DP, Li S, Reddavari L, Cox A, Ferruzzi MG and Weaver CM. A 90 day oral toxicity study of blueberry polyphenols in ovariectomized sprague-dawley rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 9:111254. 2020.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Cladis DP, Debelo H, Lachcik PJ, Ferruzzi MG and Weaver CM. Increasing Doses of Blueberry Polyphenols Alters Colonic Metabolism and Calcium Absorption in Ovariectomized Rats. Molecular Nutrition and Food Research. 64, 2000031. 2020.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Li M, Corbin S, Griffin L, Neilson AP, Ferruzzi MG. Modulating Phenolic Bioaccessibility and Glycemic Response in Rats from Starch-Based Food Models by Physical Complexation between Starch and Phenolic Acid. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 68(46),13257-13266. 2020.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Nkhata SG, Liceaga, AM, Rochford T, Hamaker BR and Ferruzzi MG. Storage of biofortified maize in Purdue Improved Crop Storage (PICS) bags reduces disulfide linkage-driven decrease in porridge viscosity. LWT - Food Science and Technology. 136, 110262. 2021.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Ferruzzi MG, Kruger J, Mohamedshah Z, Debelo H, Taylor JRN. Insights from in vitro exploration of factors influencing iron, zinc and provitamin A carotenoid bioaccessibility and intestinal absorption from cereals. Journal of Cereal Chemistry. 96,103126. 2020.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Moser S, Shin J-E, Kasturi P, Hamaker BR, Ferruzzi MG, Bordenave N. Formulation of orange juice with dietary fibers enhances bioaccessibility of orange flavonoids in juice but limits their ability to inhibit in vitro glucose transport. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 68(35), 9387-9397. 2020.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Cladis DP, Weaver CM and Ferruzzi MG. Polyphenol metabolism: A primer for practitioners. Nutrition Today. 55(5), 234-243. 2020.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Hayes M and Ferruzzi MG. Update on the Bioavailability and Chemopreventative Mechanisms of Dietary Chlorophyll Derivatives. Nutrition Research. 81, 19-37. 2020.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Mengist M, Burtch H, Debelo H, Pottorff M, Bostan H, Nunn C, Corbin S, Kay CD, Bassil N, Hummer K, Lila MA, Ferruzzi MG, Iorrizo M. Development of a genetic framework to improve the efficiency of bioactive delivery from blueberry. Scientific Reports. 10(1) 1-13. 2020.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Kruger J, Taylor JRN, Ferruzzi MG and Debelo H. What is food-to-food fortification? A working definition and framework for evaluation of efficiency and implementation of best practices. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety. 19, 3618-3658. 2020.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Mohamedshah, Z., Chadwick-Corbin, S., Wightman, J.D. and Ferruzzi, M.G., 2020. Comparative assessment of phenolic bioaccessibility from 100% grape juice and whole grapes. Food & Function, 11(7), pp.6433-6445.


Progress 10/01/18 to 09/30/19

Outputs
Target Audience:Academic Researchers, Government Researchers, International Development, Food Industry andMedical Professionals Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Our research efforts and collaborations have provided opprotunities for post-doctoral researchers and graduate students to train in a high level research environment that engages in public and priviatly funded research projects. Futher we provide support for graduate students and post doctoral researchers to present their research at national and international meetings in 2019including at Nutrition 2019(American Society for Nutrition), the International Conference on Polyphenol Applications (Malta) adn Cereal and Grains 2019. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?13th International Congress on Polyphenol Applications. September, 2019. Malta ASN Nutrition 2019. Baltimore, MD 10th Annual Probiotics, Prebiotics and Botanicals Rome. September, 2019 Rome, Italy. IFT/ASN Food Policy Impact Roundtable. February, 2019. Washington, DC Harvest for Health Convening Meeting. Foundation Food and Agriculture Research. January, 2019. Washington DC. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?In the coming year we plan to expand our examination of phytochemcial (carotenoid and phenolic) bioaccessibility across germplasm collections of spinach, blueberries bannana and grains (sorghum and maize) in order to better understand the potential for genetic control of nutrient/phytonutrient delivery. This is the primary goal building from significant 2018-2019 efforts. We also will continue to engage in chartacterization of phenolic host and microbial metabolites in support of nutritionalstudies including assessment of the impact of food form (e.g. whole fruit versus juice or extract) to detemrine factors that influence this metabolic conversion and bioavailability.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? In 2019 we continued to our research efforts to define physiologically relevant phytochemical forms, their behavior and bioavailability from food. We also continue to focused on understanding factors that modulate their absorption and metabolism in humans and the potential link to their biological activity, including physical associations in food matrix and have progressed and reported on several aspects of this ongoing research program including the following. We advanced our understanding of polyphenol-starch interactions and the potential implications of these interactions on starch digestion, starch functionality and starch digestive enzyme activity (4publications). This work included a fundamental study investigating the structural and functional aspects of phenolic-starch physical complexation on digestibilit yand glycemic behavior. Efforts in model systems (1 publication) as well as food matrices (3 publications were reported findinga. range of effects for these non-covalent interactions in starch foods. In the past year we have been able to expand our efforts in applied research and development of nutritionally enhanced cereal porridges that leverage biofortified crops and food-to-food fortified crops. Ongoing research in our groupcontinues to focus on the translation of our experimental formulation work with iron and provitamin A carotenoid rich native plants into consumer products for implementation with partners in Senegal, Kenya and Niger (USAID funded). This knowledge is helping us to develop insights for US food systems as well. As an additionalpart of this work we have continued to explore post harvest and processing conditions that impact stability and bioavailability of provitamin A carotenoids from orange maize and biofortified sorghum. These efforts have led to the understanding of processing synergies and storage options, such as the PICS system) that can aid in deployment of these grains. Also, in 2019 we have continued to adapt andimplemented a high throughput digestion model system to phenotype variation in bioaccessibility traits for plant secondary metabolites in spinach and blueberry germplasm. We anticipate publication of these findings in 2020 and have already moved to apply these approaches to the assessment of genetics X processing (GXP) interactions that may be critical for carotenoids and chlorophylls in spinach and cereal grains.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: CJ Cheng, M Ferruzzi, OG Jones. (2019) Fate of lutein-containing zein nanoparticles following simulated gastric and intestinal digestion. Food Hydrocolloids 87, 229-236 (2019)
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: MG Ferruzzi, J Tanprasertsuk, P Kris-Etherton, CM Weaver, EJ Johnson. (2019) Perspective: The Role of Beverages as a Source of Nutrients and Phytonutrients. Advance in Nutrition. nmz115, https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmz115
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: SG Nkhata, D Ortiz, D Baributsa, B Hamaker, T Rocheford, MG Ferruzzi. (2019) Assessment of oxygen sequestration on effectiveness of Purdue Improved Crop Storage (PICS) bags in reducing carotenoid degradation during post-harvest storage of two Journal of cereal science 87, 68-77 (2019)
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: R van der Merwe, J Kruger, MG Ferruzzi, KG Duodu, JRN Taylor. Improving iron and zinc bioaccessibility through food-to-food fortification of pearl millet with tropical plant foodstuffs (moringa leaf powder, roselle calyces and baobab Journal of food science and technology 56 (4), 2244-2256 (2019)
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: M Li, KKHY Ho, M Hayes, MG Ferruzzi. The Roles of Food Processing in Translation of Dietary Guidance for Whole Grains, Fruits, and Vegetables. Annual review of food science and technology 10, 569-596 (2019)
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: J Pico, S Corbin, MG Ferruzzi, MM Martinez. Banana flour phenolics inhibit trans-epithelial glucose transport from wheat cakes in a coupled in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell intestinal model. Food & function 10 (10), 6300-6311. (2019).
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: M Li, J George, S Hunter, B Hamaker, R Mattes, MG Ferruzzi. Potato product form impacts in vitro starch digestibility and glucose transport but only modestly impacts 24 h blood glucose response in humans. Food & function 10 (4), 1846-1855. (2019).
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: D Ortiz, SG Nkhata, T Rocheford, MG Ferruzzi. Steeping of Biofortified Orange Maize Genotypes for Ogi Production Modifies Pasting Properties and Carotenoid Stability. Agronomy 9 (11), 771. (2019).
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: M Li, C Ndiaye, S Corbin, EA Foegeding, MG Ferruzzi. Starch-phenolic complexes are built on physical CH-pi interactions and can persist after hydrothermal treatments altering hydrodynamic radius and digestibility of model starch Food chemistry 308, 125577
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: J Pico, K Xu, M Guo, Z Mohamedshah, MG Ferruzzi, MM Martinez. Manufacturing the ultimate green banana flour: impact of drying and extrusion on phenolic profile and starch bioaccessibility. Food chemistry 297, 124990. (2019).


Progress 10/01/17 to 09/30/18

Outputs
Target Audience: Academic Researchers, Government Researchers, Food Industry, Medical Professionals Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Our research efforts and collaborations have provided opprotunities for post doctoral researchers and graduate students to train in a high level research environment that engages in public and priviatly funded research projects. Futher we provide support for graduate students and post doctoral researchers to present their research at national and international meetings in 2018 including at Nutrition 2018 (American Society for Nutrition). How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Dissemination includes: 12th International Congress on Polyphenol Applications. September, 2018. Bonn, Germany. ASN Nutrition 2018. Boston, MA Royal Society of Chemistry, Food & Function International Symposium. May, 2018. Xian, China. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? In the coming year we plan to expand our examination ofphenolic-starch interactions inclduing conditions for processing that foster postive interactions impacting starch functionality adn digestibility. We will further expand our focus on understanding the diversity of phytochemcial (carotenoid and phenolic) bioaccessibility across germplasm collections of spinach andblueberries in order to better understand teh potential for genetic control of nutrient/phytonutrient delivery.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Several fruit and vegetable derived micronutrients and phytochemicals have demonstrated biological activities consistent with prevention or amelioration of many chronic and degenerative diseases. While promising, understanding their impact from whole foods is challenged by our limited knowledge of how their inclusion impacts food structure and quality or how their bioavailability/metabolism is modulated by interactions within food systems. Our research address fundamental aspects related to interaction between phytochemicals and the food matrix and how these interactions are impacted by formulation and processing of micronutrient and phytochemical-rich foods. Specifically, we focus on both tradition food systems as well as biofortified crops as we study how food processing and storage conditions affect subsequent release from the food matrix through digestion, absorption and delivery of the bioactive form to target tissues are all required to extend protective activities. Phytochemical interaction with macro and micronutrients in complex foods may also alter their susceptibility to food processing and/or subsequent storage stability, and may modulate digestive behavior and metabolism of specific phytochemicals altering physiological levels and/or specific biological activities. Our efforts continue to address aspects of phytochemical-macronutrient interactions as well as how food formulation and processing impact phytochemicals behavior in the food matrix, through digestion in the gut and ultimately impact human health. In 2018 ourgroup continuedto explore factor impacting the stability, bioavailability and metabolism of phenolics, carotenoids, tocopherols and select micronutrients. We have expanded our look at biofortified crops including cassava and maize to better understand how post-harvest and industrial processing impact the retention of micronutrients including provitamin A carotenoids. Our efforts have identified potential for genotype x processing interactions within biofortified cassava lines as well as genotypic differences in stability and recovery of carotenoid through maize drying, storage and milling. We have also expanded our focus on protein/polysaccharide-phenolic interactions and how these interactions may alter starch function and phenolic stability in food systems.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: 133. Moser S, Aragon I, Furrer A, Van Klinken J-W, Kaczmarczyk M, Lee B-H, George J., Hamaker BR, Mattes R, and Ferruzzi MG. Phenolics from pigmented potatoes and their chips impact intestinal glucose transport and modestly modify glycemic response in humans. Nutrition Research. 52, 57-70. 2018.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Elegbede JL, Li M, Jones OG, Campanella OH, and Ferruzzi MG. Interactions between flavonoids-rich extracts and sodium caseinate modulate protein functionality and flavonoid bioaccessibility in model food systems. Journal of Food Science. 83 (5), 1229-1236. 2018.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Ortiz D, Ponrajan A, Bonnet JP, Rocheford T, and Ferruzzi MG. Carotenoid Stability during Dry Milling, Storage, and Extrusion Processing of Biofortified Maize Genotypes. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 66 (18), 4683-4691. 2018.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Arag�n IA, Ceballos H, Dufour D and Ferruzzi MG. Pro-vitamin A Carotenoids Stability and Bioaccessibility During Processing of Biofortified Cassava Roots (Manihot esculanta, Crantz). Food & Function. 9 (9), 4822-4835. 2018.


Progress 01/19/17 to 09/30/17

Outputs
Target Audience:Academic adn Government Researchers, Food Industry, Medical Professionals Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Our research efforts and collaborations have provided opprotunities for post doctoral researchers and graduate students to train in a high level research environment that in engages in public and priviatly funded research projects. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Dissemination: Institute of Food Technologist Annual Meeting (New Orleans, LA) Experimental Biology (San Diego, CA) Korean Society of Applied and Biological Chemistry Annual Meeting (Busan, South Korea) UC Davis World Food Center Conference on Aligning the Food System to Meet Dietary Needs: Fruits and Vegetables.(Davis, CA) IUNS 21stInternational Congress of Nutrition (Buenos Aires, Argentina) What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?In the coming year we plan to expand our studies and re-examine the role of phytochemical-macronutrient interactions as they may be influenced by processing and human digestion.Studies are underway to examine the impact of polyphenols and their metabolites on carbohydrate digestion and glucose intestinal transport.We anticipate developing new insight on the impacts of processing on these endpoints and on the recovery of select bioactive phytochemical forms.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Our research address fundamental aspects related to interaction between phytochemicals and the food matrix and how these interactions are impacted by formulation and processing of phytochemical-rich foods.Stability to traditional food processing and storage conditions, and subsequent release from the food matrix through digestion, absorption and delivery of the bioactive form to target tissues are all required to extend protective activities.Phytochemical interaction with macro and micronutrients in complex foods may alter their susceptibility to food processing and/or subsequent storage stability, and may modulate digestive behavior and metabolism of specific phytochemicals altering physiological levels and/or specific biological activities. In2017, our efforts continued to address aspects of phytochemical-macronutrient interactions as well as how food formulation and processing impact phytochemicals behavior in the food matrix and through digestion in the gut.Including the exploration of interactions that impact delivery of phytochemicals, and their activities related to human health. Our efforts continue to advance our knowledge on factors that impacting the stability, bioavailability and metabolism of phenolics, carotenoids and select micronutrients.Specific knowledge on stability of bioactives to post-harvest and commercial processing are critical to the translation to staple foods and relevant food systems.Our focus on fundamental (protein/polysaccharide-phenolic interactions) and applied factors (thermal treatment, extrusion, moisture content, etc) provide the conceptual framework from which to optimize stability and delivery of bioactives from foods.Relative to bioavailability, our work continues to leverage preclinical (in vitro digestion and Caco-2) and clinical models to develop knowledge on food matrix/formulation factors that impact absorption and metabolism of bioactives and select micronutrients (vitamin A and E).These models have allowed us to explore preabsorptive digestive interactions that alter macronutrient interactions, availability (i.e. starch digestion and glucose transport) and intestinal tissue response/differentiation to chronic phenolic exposure. Understanding of these factors may help guide dietary recommendations and design of new products and guidance for consumers.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Redan BW, Chegeni M and Ferruzzi MG. Differentiated Caco-2 cell monolayers exhibit adaptation in the transport and metabolism of flavan-3-ols with chronic exposure to both isolated flavan-3-ols and enriched extracts. Food & Function. 8(1):111-121. 2017.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Redan BW, Albaugh G, Charron C, Novotny J and Ferruzzi MG. Adaptation in Caco-2 Human Intestinal Cell Differentiation and Phenolic Transport with Chronic Exposure to Blackberry (Rubus sp.) Extract. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 65(13), 2694-270. 2017.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Li M, Hansen L, Koecher K and Ferruzzi MG. Phenolics from whole grain oat products as modifiers of starch digestion and intestinal glucose transport. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 65 (32), 68316839. 2017.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Debelo H, Novotny JD, Ferruzzi MG. Vitamin A: Nutrient Update. Advances in Nutrition: An International Review Journal 8 (6), 992-99. 2017.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Li M, Pernell C and Ferruzzi MG. Complexation with phenolic acids affect rheological properties and digestibility of potato starch and amylopectin. Food Hydrocolloids. 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2017.11.028. 2017.