Source: UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA submitted to NRP
FLY MANAGEMENT IN ANIMAL AGRICULTURE SYSTEMS AND IMPACTS ON ANIMAL HEALTH AND FOOD SAFETY
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
HATCH
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1011649
Grant No.
(N/A)
Cumulative Award Amt.
(N/A)
Proposal No.
(N/A)
Multistate No.
S-1060
Project Start Date
Oct 1, 2015
Project End Date
Sep 30, 2018
Grant Year
(N/A)
Program Code
[(N/A)]- (N/A)
Recipient Organization
UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA
200 D.W. BROOKS DR
ATHENS,GA 30602-5016
Performing Department
Entomology
Non Technical Summary
Have you ever had a fly land on your food while you were trying to eat?Annoying, isn't it?Had yousurveyed the bacteria from that fly, you would be truly disgusted because flies carry all sorts of pathogens that we do not want on our food. In addition to these filth flies, there are other types of flies that bite, annoying our animals and transmitting bloodborne pathogens.Our research targets these flies, attempting to learn more about their vulnerabilities that we can use against them.We work with Extension researchers andproducers (beef, dairy, equineand poultry) to investigate biology and behavior or these flies, to determine their involvement in animal and human health, andtodevelop and evaluatecontrol strategies. Resulting knowledge is conveyed to producers --and others interested in flies and their suppression --through publications and Extension outreach.
Animal Health Component
100%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
(N/A)
Applied
100%
Developmental
(N/A)
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
31239101130100%
Knowledge Area
312 - External Parasites and Pests of Animals;

Subject Of Investigation
3910 - Cross-commodity research--multiple animal species;

Field Of Science
1130 - Entomology and acarology;
Goals / Objectives
New technologies for management of biting and nuisance flies in organic and conventional systems Insecticide resistance detection and management Investigation of the microbial ecology, epithelial immunity, and vector competence of biting and nuisance flies Characterize population biology of biting and nuisance flies Community and stakeholder engagement
Project Methods
Evaluate fly management strategies currently being employedMonitor and compare success of various fly suppression tacticsSupport graduate student research inbiology, behavior, bionomics, and suppression of pest fliesTeach pre-vet, pre-med, veterinary, and entomology students about flies -- their diversity, biology, behavior, bionomics and potential control strategiesConduct Extension outreach programs for County Extension Agents, individuals involved in animal agriculture, pet owners, and others interested in flies and their suppression

Progress 10/01/15 to 09/30/18

Outputs
Target Audience:Our target audience includes cattlemen, poultry producers, horse owners, swine producers, dairymen, and anyone affected by pest flies. Changes/Problems:Most fly problems are recurring, unless conducive conditions are changed so that the environment no longer supports their development. In animal agriculture, potential for fly problems endures, meaning needs for research and Extension continue. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The horn fly project trained nine County Extension Agents and two graduate students in various insecticide application methods, field horn fly population assessment, and action thresholds. The house fly project was an interdisciplinary study involving Dairy Scientists, Microbiologists, Food Scientists, and Entomologists and allowed the student and members of the student's advisory committee to develop linkages to investigate the potential for multi-drug resistant bacterial strains to be transmitted by flies. The mosquito project was a collaborative venture with the Centers for Disease Control, involving UGA Animal Scientists and Entomologists. Five undergraduate students participated in ancillary components of the project, presented their research at various conferences, and won awards. During this period, two students completed master's degrees involving pest flies. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?As detailed below, the UGA Extension Veterinary Entomology program has used 39 statewide meetings to share research results to end-users such as cattlemen, dairymen, poultry producers, horse owners, anyone involved in animal agriculture, and other groups concerned about pest flies (such as health departments and the Georgia Pest Control Association). To share research findings with professional colleagues, 38 presentations were made at Entomological Society of America meetings, regional entomology meetings, and for other groups such as the Society for Vector Ecology and the American Mosquito Control Association. Three refereed publications have resulted from the pest fly research, as well as a book chapter concerning flies as poultry pests. Annually control recommendations are published in the Georgia Pest Management Handbook. Hinkle, N.C. 2015 (revised in 2016, 2017, and 2018). "Animals: Fly Control in Livestock Facilities." Georgia Pest Management Handbook, pp. 51-53. Hinkle, N.C. 2015 (revised in 2016, 2017, and 2018). "Poultry - Fly Control." Georgia Pest Management Handbook, pp. 97-100. Hinkle, N.C. 2015 (revised in 2016, 2017, and 2018). "Fly Control in Horse Facilities." Georgia Pest Management Handbook, pp. 93-94. Hinkle, N.C. 2015 (revised in 2016, 2017, and 2018). "Horses - External Parasite Control." Georgia Pest Management Handbook, pp. 90-92. Hinkle, N.C. and Annie Rich. 2015 (revised in 2016, 2017, and 2018). "Beef Cattle External Parasite and Grub Control." Georgia Pest Management Handbook, pp. 54-70. Hinkle, N.C. 2015 (revised in 2016, 2017, and 2018). "Dairy Cattle External Parasite and Cattle Grub Control." Georgia Pest Management Handbook, pp. 71-84. Hinkle, N.C. 2015 (revised in 2016, 2017, and 2018). "Cattle Ear Tags." Georgia Pest Management Handbook, p. 85. Hinkle, N.C. 2015 (revised in 2016, 2017, and 2018). "Swine - External Parasite Control." Georgia Pest Management Handbook, pp. 86-89. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Considering how little is known about flies, their biology, bionomics, behavior, physiology, suppression, etc., we are continuing projects on pest flies and their control. Twice annually the Georgia Master Cattleman class will feature fly control as a topic, and Extension presentations in half a dozen regions will update the state's cattlemen on current topics. In addition to media interviews, we will prepare articles for producer magazines for ongoing outreach.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? The University of Georgia's Veterinary Entomology program conducted research on horn flies, house flies, mosquitoes, and other pest flies, investigating fly biology, ecology, bionomics, and control. Of particular note was a three-year field project, comparing existing products for horn fly control on pastured cattle, a project that involved three graduate students, nine County Extension agents, and 23 research sites throughout the state. This provided Extension agents with firsthand experience in determining how active ingredients and product application methods were working in their counties, so they could supply their clientele with timely and applicable information about their herds' health. A graduate student in the Department of Food Science and Technology investigated bacterial contaminants in and on house flies from dairies throughout the state and documented high levels of antibiotic resistance as well as multidrug-resistant strains. Of the 33 farms sampled, 79% tested positive for Salmonella, with 28% of the strains demonstrated multidrug resistance. A collaborative project with the CDC looked at suppressing haematophagous flies by using cattle as bait and treating them with an endectocide, a strategy known as zooprophylaxis. Both the laboratory and the field components of this study involved development of new techniques and expanded capabilities. (The student who led this project was awarded a fellowship, three travel grants to various meetings, three scholarships, and the Student IPM Award.)

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Ling, A., T. Krause, B. Heins, N. Hinkle, C. Pringle, S. Aggrey, and R. Rekaya. 2020. Genetic Study of Horn Fly Abundance in Beef Cattle. Journal of Animal Science 98: Suppl. 4:17.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Mullens, Bradley A., Nancy C. Hinkle, Rebecca Trout Fryxell, and Kateryn Rochon. 2018. Past, Present, and Future Contributions and Needs for Veterinary Entomology in the United States and Canada. American Entomologist 64(1): 20-31.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Xu, Yumin, Sha Tao, Nancy Hinkle, Mark Harrison, and Jinru Chen. 2018. Salmonella, including antibiotic-resistant Salmonella, from flies captured from cattle farms in Georgia, U.S.A. Science of the Total Environment 616-617: 90-96.
  • Type: Books Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Hinkle, Nancy C. and Robert M. Corrigan. 2020. External Parasites and Poultry Pests. Chapter 26 in David E. Swayne (ed.) Diseases of Poultry, 14th ed, Vol. II, Wiley-Blackwell Publishers, Hoboken, NJ.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Hinkle, Nancy C. Arthropod Pests in Animal Agriculture. Departmental Seminar, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, February 19, 2018. (invited)
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Hinkle, Nancy C., Annie Rich, Sierra King, Elizabeth Slater, and Ari Wernick. Flying Fomites: Insects as Mechanical Vectors. Population Biology of Vector-borne Diseases: A Symposium at the Center for the Ecology of Infectious Diseases, Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, February 24, 2018. (poster)
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Rich, Annie, Nancy Hinkle and Seth Irish. Death by Cattle: Zooprophylaxis and Endectocide Efficacy in the Control of Anopheles Mosquitoes. American Mosquito Control Association Annual Meeting, Kansas City, MO, February 26-March 2, 2018. (honorable mention)
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: King, Sierra, Annie Rich, and Nancy Hinkle. 2018. Using Laboratory Rearing to Determine Optimal Larval Density. 82nd Annual Meeting of the Georgia Entomological Society, Unicoi State Park and Lodge, Helen, Georgia, April 4-6, 2018.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Wernick, Ari, Nancy Hinkle, Annie Rich, Sierra King, and Elizabeth Slater. 2018. Efficacy Evaluation of LongRange Eprinomectin Solution on Bluetongue Virus Vectors: Culicoides sonorensis. 82nd Annual Meeting of the Georgia Entomological Society, Unicoi State Park and Lodge, Helen, Georgia, April 4-6, 2018.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Rich, Annie, Nancy Hinkle, Seth Irish, and Timothy Pringle. 2018. Death by Cattle: Zooprophylaxis and Endectocide Efficacy in the Management of Malaria Mosquitoes. 82nd Annual Meeting of the Georgia Entomological Society, Unicoi State Park and Lodge, Helen, Georgia, April 4-6, 2018.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: King, Sierra, Nancy C. Hinkle, and Annie Rich. 2018. Optimal Anopheles quadrimaculatus Larval Density for Laboratory Rearing. 2018 Center for Undergraduate Research Opportunities (CURO) Symposium, Classic Center, Athens, GA, April 10, 2018.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Rich, Annie, Nancy C. Hinkle, Seth Irish, and Timothy Pringle. Insecticidal Zooprophylaxis: Eprinomectin-treated Cattle as Malaria Mosquito Control. 92nd Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Branch of the Entomological Society of America, Orlando, Florida, March 4-7, 2018.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Hinkle, Nancy C. and Elizabeth Slater. Animal Ectoparasites and Their Impacts on Humans. 92nd Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Branch of the Entomological Society of America, Orlando, Florida, March 4-7, 2018.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Hinkle, Nancy C., Yumin Xu, Sha Tao, Mark Harrison, and Jinru Chen. Flies as Salmonella Vectors in Georgia Animal Agriculture. 82nd Annual Meeting of the Georgia Entomological Society, Unicoi State Park and Lodge, Helen, Georgia, April 4-6, 2018.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: King, Sierra, Nancy C. Hinkle, and Annie Rich. 2018. Optimal Anopheles quadrimaculatus Larval Density for Laboratory Rearing. University of Georgia College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Undergraduate Research Symposium, Conner Hall, Athens, GA, April 11, 2018. (5th place)
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Rich, Annie, Seth Irish, T. Dean Pringle, and Nancy C. Hinkle. 2018. Death by Cattle: Eprinomectin Endectocide Efficacy in the Management of Malaria Mosquitoes (Anopheles quadrimaculatus). UGA Entomology Department seminar, Athens, GA, July 5, 2018.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Rich, Annie E., Seth R. Irish, T. Dean Pringle, Michael D. Green, and Nancy C. Hinkle. Evaluating the Potential of Bovine Zooprophylaxis Using Eprinomectin. 48th Annual Society for Vector Ecology Conference, Tenaya Lodge, Yosemite National Park, CA, October 7-11, 2018. (poster)
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Hinkle, Nancy C. Animal Pests that Bother Humans. 41st Annual Meeting of the Georgia Mosquito Control Association, Georgia Center for Continuing Education, Athens, GA, October 18, 2018.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Rich, Annie E., Seth R. Irish, T. Dean Pringle, Michael D. Green, and Nancy C. Hinkle. Evaluating the Potential of Bovine Zooprophylaxis Using Eprinomectin. 41st Annual Meeting of the Georgia Mosquito Control Association, Georgia Center for Continuing Education, Athens, GA, October 18, 2018. (poster)
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Hinkle, Nancy C., Raymond Fitzpatrick, Richard Evans, Greg Pittman, Caitlin Jackson and David Daniel. Optimizing Limited Options for Insecticide-Resistant Horn Fly Control. 2018 Entomological Society of America, Entomological Society of Canada, and Entomological Society of British Columbia Joint Annual Meeting  Crossing Borders: Entomology in a Changing World. Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, November 11-14, 2018.


Progress 10/01/16 to 09/30/17

Outputs
Target Audience:Our target audience includes cattlemen, poultry producers, horse owners, swine producers, dairymen, and anyone affected by pest flies. Changes/Problems:Most fly problems are recurring, unless conducive conditions are changed so that the environment no longer supports their development. In animal agriculture, potential for fly problems endures, meaning needs for research and Extension continue. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Hinkle, Nancy C. "Field-Testing Horn Fly Products and Application Methodologies in Georgia 2016." Multistate Project S-1060: Fly Management in Animal Agriculture Systems and Impacts on Animal Health and Food Safety, Marriott Riverside at the Convention Center, Riverside, CA, January 11-12, 2017. Hinkle, Nancy C. "Georgia Cattle and Fly Pests." Monroe County Cattlemen's Association, Forsyth, GA, January 19, 2017. Hinkle, Nancy C. "Screwworms Have Returned to Florida: Why Should We Be Concerned in Georgia?" Southwest Master Cattlemen's Program, Houston County, Perry, GA, January 24, 2017. Hinkle, Nancy C. "Itty, bitty bugs: Are they biting or not even there?" Washington State University Pest Management Professional Workshop, Courtyard Seattle Sea-Tac, Tukwila, WA, February 6, 2017. Hinkle, Nancy C. "Biting Flies of Ruminants." Extension Cattle and Small Ruminant Meeting, Morehead's Country Store, Irwinville, GA, March 16, 2017. Rich, Annie, Ashley Duxbury, Kelly Murray, Auburn Diffie, and Nancy C. Hinkle. "Yes, You Can Make a Living Studying Bugs!" Georgia Senior 4-H Camp UGA Experience, Athens, GA. June 1, 2017. Hinkle, Nancy C. "Common Insects That Attack Our Pets." Noon "Lunch and Learn" at Henry County Cooperative Extension Office, McDonough, GA, July 11, 2017. Hinkle, Nancy C. "External Parasites of Beef Cattle." Northeast Georgia Master Cattleman Program, Franklin County High School Ag Center, Carnesville, GA, August 8, 2017. Rich, Annie, Nancy C. Hinkle and Seth Irish. "Killer Cows: Zooprophylaxis and Endectocide Use in Mosquito Control." Georgia Mosquito Control Association, Athens, GA, October 19, 2017. Hinkle, Nancy C. "Fly Control on Georgia Cattle." Pasture-Based Livestock Workers Seminar Series, UGA, Athens, GA, November 3, 2017. (webinar) Hinkle, Nancy C., Annie Rich, Raymond Fitzpatrick, Robert Waldorf, Greg Pittman, William Lovett, Richard Evans, David Daniel, Caitlin Bennett, Trey Gafnea, and Lee Jones. "Managing Horn Fly Populations on Pastured Beef Herds." Georgia Agriculture Commission for Beef, Macon Farmers Market, Macon, GA, November 21, 2017. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Through presentations, conferences, and publications. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Considering how little is known about flies, their biology, bionomics, behavior, physiology, suppression, etc., we are continuing projects on pest flies and their control. Twice annually the Georgia Master Cattleman class will feature fly control as a topic, and Extension presentations in half a dozen regions will update the state's cattlemen on current topics. In addition to media interviews, we will prepare articles for producer magazines for ongoing outreach.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? The University of Georgia's Veterinary Entomology program conducted research on horn flies, house flies, mosquitoes, and other pest flies, investigating fly biology, ecology, bionomics, and control. Of particular note was a three-year field project, comparing existing products for horn fly control on pastured cattle, a project that involved three graduate students, nine County Extension agents, and 23 research sites throughout the state. This provided Extension agents with firsthand experience in determining how active ingredients and product application methods were working in their counties, so they could supply their clientele with timely and applicable information about their herds' health.

Publications

  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Burnsed, Joel, Greg Pittman, Raymond Fitzpatrick, Bob Waldorf, and Trey Gafnea. 2017. Understanding Fly Control: Research Update from the Agricultural Commodity Commission for Beef. Northeast Georgia Beef Cattle Short Course, Athens, GA, Feb. 8, 2017.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Hinkle, Nancy C., Joel Burnsed, Trey Gafnea, Greg Pittman, Raymond Fitzpatrick, Bob Waldorf and William Lovett. Options for Horn Fly (Haematobia irritans) Suppression on Pastured Beef Cattle. 91st Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Branch of the Entomological Society of America. Memphis, TN, March 12-15, 2017.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Rich, Annie, Nancy C. Hinkle, and Seth Irish. 2017. Implications of LongRange Eprinomectin injectable as a control measure for disease vectoring dipterans, Anopheles quadrimaculatus and Culicoides sonorensis. 91st Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Branch of the Entomological Society of America. Memphis, TN, March 12-15, 2017.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Rich, Annie, Nancy C. Hinkle and Seth Irish. Cows or Killers? Endoparasiticide Potential for Use in Insecticidal Zooprophylaxis Against Malaria Mosquitoes. 81st Annual Meeting of the Georgia Entomological Society, Jekyll Island, GA, April 5-7, 2017.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Hinkle, Nancy C., Annie Rich, Raymond Fitzpatrick, Robert Waldorf, Greg Pittman, William Lovett, Richard Evans, David Daniel, Caitlin Bennett, and Trey Gafnea. Field Evaluation of Horn Fly Control on Beef Herds. 65th Annual Meeting of the Entomological Society of America, Denver, CO, November 5-8. 2017.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Rich, Annie, Nancy C. Hinkle, and Seth Irish. 2017. Use of Long-term Endectocide in Cattle for Control of the Malaria Mosquito, Anopheles quadrimaculatus. 65th Annual Meeting of the Entomological Society of America, Denver, CO, November 5-8. 2017. (lightning bug 3-minute oral presentation)
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Bennett, Katie, Nancy C. Hinkle and Annie Rich. 2017. The Goldilocks Phenomenon: Determining Optimal Larval Density for Rearing Anopheles quadrimaculatus in a Laboratory Setting. University of Georgia College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Undergraduate Research Symposium, Conner Hall, UGA, Athens, GA, April 12, 2017. (poster)
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Rich, Annie, Nancy C. Hinkle, and Seth Irish. 2017. Killer Cows: Zooprophylaxis and Eprinomectin Effects on Malaria Vector Anopheles quadrimaculatus. 61st Livestock Insect Workers Conference, DeSoto Hotel, Savannah, GA, June 25-28, 2017.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Rich, Annie. 2017. Killer Cows: Zooprophylaxis and Endectocide Use in Mosquito Control. Georgia Mosquito Control Association annual meeting, Athens, GA, October 19, 2017.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Rich, Annie, Nancy C. Hinkle, and Seth Irish. 2017. Eprinomectin as a Mosquito Control and Treated Cattle as Tools in the War Against Malaria. 65th Annual Meeting of the Entomological Society of America, Denver, CO, November 5-8, 2017. (poster, 2nd place)


Progress 10/01/15 to 09/30/16

Outputs
Target Audience:Our target audience includes cattlemen, poultry producers, horse owners, swine producers, dairymen, and anyone affected by pest flies. Changes/Problems:Most fly problems are recurring, unless conducive conditions are changed so that the environment no longer supports their development. In animal agriculture, potential for fly problems endures, meaning needs for research and Extension continue. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Hinkle, Nancy C. "Horn Fly Suppression with AiM-L GelCaps® (lambdacyhalothrin) and Tolfenpro® Cattle Ear Tags." Multistate Project S-1060 meeting, "Fly Management in Animal Agriculture Systems and Impacts on Animal Health and Food Safety," San Antonio, TX. January 12-14, 2016. Hinkle, Nancy C. "Control of Flies on Pastured Cattle." Southeast Georgia Master Cattlemen's meeting, Bulloch County. Statesboro, Georgia. January 26, 2016. Hinkle, Nancy C. and Annie Rich. "Fly Control on Pastured Cattle." Northeast Georgia Cattlemen's Association, Clarkesville, GA, February 18, 2016. Hinkle, Nancy C. "Pest Fly Biology and Management in Restaurants." Commercial IPM Workshop Agenda, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA. February 25, 2016. Hinkle, Nancy C. "External Parasite Control." 2016 Tifton Beef Cattle Short Course, Tifton Bull Evaluation Center. March 1, 2016. Rich, Annie and Nancy C. Hinkle. "Control of Flies on Pastured Beef Cattle." Three Rivers Cattlemen's Association, Telfair County, McCrae, GA. May 12, 2016. Rich, Annie, Brent Phelan, Charlotte Greenway, Sierra King, and Nancy C. Hinkle. "Bugs, Bugs, Everywhere!" Georgia Senior 4-H Camp UGA Experience, Athens, GA. June 2, 2016. Rich, Annie, and Nancy C. Hinkle. "Bugs, Bugs, Everywhere!" Demonstration for UGA Griffin Campus 2016 Young Scholars visiting Athens, GA, July 6, 2016. Hinkle, Nancy C. "Biting Insects and Their Multi-Legged Relatives." Lunch and Learn program, Henry County Cooperative Extension office, McDonough, GA, July 12, 2016. Hinkle, Nancy C. "Flies on Georgia's Pastured Cattle." Piedmont Cattlemen's Association, Covington, GA. July 21, 2016. Rich, Annie and Nancy C. Hinkle. "Biting Insects and Arthropods: The Small, the Annoying, and the Potentially Harmful." U.S. Army's Fort Gordon Dwight D. Eisenhower Army Medical Unit, Department of Preventive Medicine, troop training. Fort Gordon, GA, July 25, 2016. Hinkle, Nancy C. "Biting Fly Control on Troup County Cattle." Northwest Georgia Master Cattleman Program, LaGrange, Troup County, GA, September 13, 2016. Hinkle, Nancy C. "UGA's Veterinary Entomology Program and the Cows-as-Bait Project Against Malaria." Legislative Tour, J. Phil Campbell REC, October 1, 2016. Hinkle, Nancy C. "Screwworms Have Returned to the Florida Keys." ANR Hour (Blackboard Collaborate) Webinar hosted by Jule-Lynne Macie, November 10, 2016. Hinkle, Nancy C. "Cattle Pests" and "Screwworms Are Back in Florida." Warren County Pesticide Recertification Program, Warrenton, GA. November 14, 2016. Hinkle, Nancy C. "Common Insects and Their Multi-Legged Relatives," Warren County Homeschool 4-H Program, Warrenton, GA, November 14, 2016. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Hinkle, N.C. 2015 (revised in 2016, 2017, and 2018). "Animals: Fly Control in Livestock Facilities." Georgia Pest Management Handbook, pp. 51-53. Hinkle, N.C. 2015 (revised in 2016, 2017, and 2018). "Poultry - Fly Control." Georgia Pest Management Handbook, pp. 97-100. Hinkle, N.C. 2015 (revised in 2016, 2017, and 2018). "Fly Control in Horse Facilities." Georgia Pest Management Handbook, pp. 93-94. Hinkle, N.C. 2015 (revised in 2016, 2017, and 2018). "Horses - External Parasite Control." Georgia Pest Management Handbook, pp. 90-92. Hinkle, N.C. and Annie Rich. 2015 (revised in 2016, 2017, and 2018). "Beef Cattle External Parasite and Grub Control." Georgia Pest Management Handbook, pp. 54-70. Hinkle, N.C. 2015 (revised in 2016, 2017, and 2018). "Dairy Cattle External Parasite and Cattle Grub Control." Georgia Pest Management Handbook, pp. 71-84. Hinkle, N.C. 2015 (revised in 2016, 2017, and 2018). "Cattle Ear Tags." Georgia Pest Management Handbook, p. 85. Hinkle, N.C. 2015 (revised in 2016, 2017, and 2018). "Swine - External Parasite Control." Georgia Pest Management Handbook, pp. 86-89. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Considering how little is known about flies, their biology, bionomics, behavior, physiology, suppression, etc., we are continuing projects on pest flies and their control. Twice annually the Georgia Master Cattleman class will feature fly control as a topic, and Extension presentations in half a dozen regions will update the state's cattlemen on current topics. In addition to media interviews, we will prepare articles for producer magazines for ongoing outreach.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? The University of Georgia's Veterinary Entomology program conducted research on horn flies, house flies, mosquitoes, and other pest flies, investigating fly biology, ecology, bionomics, and control. Of particular note was a three-year field project, comparing existing products for horn fly control on pastured cattle, a project that involved three graduate students, nine County Extension agents, and 23 research sites throughout the state. This provided Extension agents with firsthand experience in determining how active ingredients and product application methods were working in their counties, so they could supply their clientele with timely and applicable information about their herds' health.

Publications

  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Rich, Annie. 2016. Fighting Misconceptions  Friendly Entomology and Medically Important Arthropods. UGA Interdisciplinary Research Conference, Athens, GA, February 5, 2016.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Phelan, Brett, Brian D. Fairchild, and Nancy C. Hinkle. 2016. Control of Musca domestica: a Comparative Study of Granular House Fly Baits. 90th Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Branch Entomological Society of America, Raleigh, NC, March 13-16, 2016.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Rich, Annie and Nancy C. Hinkle. 2016. Vet Guns or Ear Tags? Comparing New Insecticide Formulations and Delivery Methods on Cattle. 90th Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Branch Entomological Society of America, Raleigh, NC, March 13-16, 2016.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Hinkle, Nancy C., Lawton Stewart, Tim Wilson, Jason Duggin, Jacob Segers, and Ronnie Silcox. Economic Impacts of Flies on Georgias Beef Cattle. 80th Annual Georgia Entomological Society meeting, Callaway Gardens, Pine Mountain, GA, April 6-8, 2016. (poster)
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Hinkle, Nancy C., Annie Rich, and Brent Phelan. Horn Fly, Haematobia irritans, Suppression on Pastured Beef Cattle. Entomology Without Borders, XXV International Congress of Entomology, Orlando, Florida, September 25-30, 2016.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Rich, Annie. 2016. Eprinomectin, Anopheles, and Cattle: Furthering Zooprophylaxis Tactics to Control Malaria. 39th Annual Meeting of the Georgia Mosquito Control Association, Athens, GA, Oct. 13, 2016.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Seibert, Amanda and Nancy C. Hinkle. 2016. Investigating the Effects of Blood-borne Eprinomectin on the Malaria Mosquito, Anopehles quadrimaculatus. 2016 College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Undergraduate Research Symposium, UGA, Athens, GA, April 13, 2016. (3rd Place)
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Hinkle, Nancy C. Fred W. Knapp: His Life, Lore, and Legacy. 60th Livestock Insect Workers Conference, Oklahoma City, OK, June 26-29, 2016.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Rich, Annie. 2016. New Classes and Delivery Methods of Insecticide for Horn Fly Control in Beef Cattle. 60th Annual Livestock Insect Workers Conference, Oklahoma City, OK, June 26-29, 2016.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Hinkle, Nancy C., Annie Rich and Seth Irish. Evaluation of a Long-lasting Endectocide for Improved Cattle Health and Control of Malaria Vectors. UGA-CDC/DPDM Collaborative Research Conference, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, August 2, 2016.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Rich, Annie and Nancy Hinkle. Zooprophylaxis and Endectocides: Using Cattle in the War on Malaria. Entomology Without Borders, XXV International Congress of Entomology, Orlando, Florida, September 25-30, 2016.