Source: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, RIVERSIDE submitted to NRP
DEVELOPMENT OF ADVANCED NUMERICAL MODELS SIMULATING WATER FLOW, ENERGY MOVEMENT, AND TRANSPORT OF VARIOUS CONTAMINANTS IN THE SUBSURFACE.
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
HATCH
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1011558
Grant No.
(N/A)
Cumulative Award Amt.
(N/A)
Proposal No.
(N/A)
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Nov 7, 2016
Project End Date
Sep 30, 2021
Grant Year
(N/A)
Program Code
[(N/A)]- (N/A)
Recipient Organization
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, RIVERSIDE
(N/A)
RIVERSIDE,CA 92521
Performing Department
Environmental Sciences
Non Technical Summary
The newly developed numerical models will be able to address many issues that are important to California and this geographic region. For example, coupling of vadose zone flow and transport models with the ground water flow model MODFLOW allows evaluating water flow and transport of various contaminants on a much larger scale, and thus considering processes such as subsurface storage of water, large scale irrigation projects, effect of changing irrigation practices on the Salton sea, reuse of drainage water and its effect on groundwater resources, effects of point and non-point pollution on groundwater reservoirs, and so on. Development of modules capable of evaluating various irrigation and fertigation schemes will lead to a new generation of process-based modeling tools to more effectively design surface irrigation schemes, optimize crop production, and reduce surface and subsurface pollution by agricultural chemicals. These (sub)surface irrigation schemes are widely used throughout California, in particular in the San Joaquin Valley, in the Imperial Valley and elsewhere (e.g., Hanson et al., 2009).
Animal Health Component
25%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
75%
Applied
25%
Developmental
(N/A)
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
1020110205050%
1030110205015%
4050210205035%
Knowledge Area
103 - Management of Saline and Sodic Soils and Salinity; 102 - Soil, Plant, Water, Nutrient Relationships; 405 - Drainage and Irrigation Systems and Facilities;

Subject Of Investigation
0110 - Soil; 0210 - Water resources;

Field Of Science
2050 - Hydrology;
Goals / Objectives
1. RationaleCommon environmental problems all require analysis of the coupled water flow and transport and reaction of various chemical species and/or contaminants. Typical examples include a) assessing the implications of various climate change forecasts on local water supply, b) assessing the threat to water resources from pollution, c) evaluating various pollution control measures, d) evaluating the disposal of treated water and its impact on ground water resources, e) evaluating different irrigation and fertigation practices with respect to their efficiency, f) evaluating the potential for water storage augmentation by landscape modification, g) evaluating the potential for water reuse, and many others. As the above-described phenomena share the same conceptual framework, numerical models may be used universally to assess all of the situations.During the last decade a suite of numerical models has been developed by the principal investigator of this project that became one of the most widely used programs for evaluating flow and transport processes in the subsurface environment (Šim?nek et al., 2008). Recent versions of these programs are accompanied with a sophisticated Windows based user interfaces that significantly facilitated the use of these complex numerical programs, thus extending their use into classrooms and consulting. The principal investigator of this project published a text book entitled Soil Physics with HYDRUS (Radcliffe and Šim?nek, 2010), which reflects the wide acceptance of HYDRUS models for teaching and research around the world. While these models are rapidly becoming industry standards for modeling variably-saturated flow and solute transport (e.g., Yu and Zheng, 2010), there are improvements that will lead to even broader use and applicability. This project deals with these improvements and extensions.The newly developed numerical models will be able to address many issues that are important to California and this geographic region. For example, coupling of vadose zone flow and transport models with the ground water flow model MODFLOW allows evaluating water flow and transport of various contaminants on a much larger scale, and thus considering processes such as subsurface storage of water, large scale irrigation projects, effect of changing irrigation practices on the Salton sea, reuse of drainage water and its effect on groundwater resources, effects of point and non-point pollution on groundwater reservoirs, and so on. Development of modules capable of evaluating various irrigation and fertigation schemes will lead to a new generation of process-based modeling tools to more effectively design surface irrigation schemes, optimize crop production, and reduce surface and subsurface pollution by agricultural chemicals. These (sub)surface irrigation schemes are widely used throughout California, in particular in the San Joaquin Valley, in the Imperial Valley and elsewhere (e.g., Hanson et al., 2009).2. Specific objectives of this proposal are:Develop a coupled vadose zone/groundwater flow/transport model that accurately predicts water flow and solute transport on a large scale.Develop flow/transport modules capable of evaluating various (micro) irrigation and fertigation schemes, thereby producing a tool to improve the design of (micro) irrigation systems.Develop flow/transport model capable of simulating both surface and subsurface processes, such as overland flow and/or flow in furrow/ditches.Develop a decision tool for self-regulating irrigation systems.Develop a coupled flow and transport model that simulates complex hydro-bio-geo-chemical reactions and processes and their mutual interactions.Develop a new generation of models for evaluating the fate and transport of particle like substances, considering the effects of various transients and feedbacks.Develop a new generation of models for evaluating processes in natural and constructed wetlands.
Project Methods
The HYDRUS programs will serve as the foundation for our model development effort. These models will be more integrated to further extend their capabilities in simulating particular hydro-bio-geo-chemical processes and their mutual interactions. For example, the HYDRUS model has been coupled to groundwater flow model MODFLOW. However, since this coupled model does not consider solute and heat transport, it will be further extended to consider transport of soluble contaminants.Similarly, HYDRUS-1D has been coupled with the biogeochemical model PHREEQC. However, the resulting HP1 model does not consider the effects of solution chemistry on water flow or transport of colloids and/or bacteria. We will therefore further integrate existing models and their capabilities to allow mutual interactions between various physical, chemical, and biological processes, as well as develop new modules that incorporate new knowledge about the transport of particle-like substances (such as viruses, colloids, nanoparticles, multi-wall nanotubes, and/or bacteria), and colloid facilitated transport, including the dependence of these processes on solution chemistry (e.g., pH, ionic strength, etc) and other feedbacks (e.g., clogging).New system dependent boundary conditions and numerical algorithm will be developed into HYDRUS models to allow simulations of various micro-irrigation schemes and evaluation of various fertigation approaches. The fertigation module will be coupled with a newly developed root water uptake and nutrient uptake model. Existing HYDRUS models will be adopted to be able to simulate self-regulating irrigation schemes. In this model, irrigation will be triggered by conditions in the soil and/or plants. A new model simulating overland flow (e.g., flow in furrows) coupled with the subsurface HYDRUS model will be developed. Resulting model will be applied to optimize furrow irrigation and fertigation schemes to limit leaching and optimize crop yield.

Progress 11/07/16 to 09/30/21

Outputs
Target Audience:Numerical models that we have developed are used by thousands of scientists, students, and professionals in the United States, as well as around the world. This is best documented by a very large number of citations that our research papers receive in the scientific literature. According to ISI Web of Knowledge (Google Scholar), peer-reviewed journal articles of the PI of this project were cited in 2021 more than two (three) thousand times, and his h-index reached a value of 71 (96). We continue supporting a large number of HYDRUS users from around the world using both web, emails, direct discussions at national and international conferences and workshops. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Two UCR Ph.D. student has been directly involved in this project. Several visiting Ph.D. students from universities worldwide have been involved in either using our numerical models or providing information for their further development. Similarly, numerous visiting scientists have been working with us on model applications and/or further development. Additionally, in 2017-2021, we offered a large number of short courses on using HYDRUS models around the world, virtually on every continent, as well as online in recent years (due to the pandemic restrictions). Over one thousandstudents participated in these short courses. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Research findings were disseminated via refereed journal publications, conference proceedings, and presentations at national and international meetings (see the list of publications provided in the annual reports of 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, and 2021).HYDRUS models have been updated with many new capabilities and options that have been developed for various research projects. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? During the five years of the project duration, we have continued expanding the capabilities of the HYDRUS modeling environment by developing specialized modules for more complex applications that cannot be solved using its standard versions. The standard versions of HYDRUS, as well as its specialized modules, have been used by myself, my students, and my collaborators in multiple (virtually hundreds of) applications described in the annual reports (2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, and 2021).

Publications


    Progress 10/01/19 to 09/30/20

    Outputs
    Target Audience:Numerical models that we have developed are used by thousands of scientists, students, and professionals in the United States, as well as around the world. This is best documented by a very large number of citations that our research papers receive in the scientific literature. According to ISI Web of Knowledge, peer-reviewed journal articles of the PI of this project were cited in 2020 by about two thousand times, and his h-index reached a value of 67. We continue supporting a large number of HYDRUS users from around the world using both web, emails, direct discussions at the national and international conferences and workshops. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Two UCR Ph.D. student has been directly involved in this project. Several visiting Ph.D. students from universities worldwide have been involved in either using our numerical models and providing information for their further development. Similarly, numerous visiting scientists have been working with us on model applications and/or further development. Additionally, in 2020, we offered two (two- and three-day) short courses on using HYDRUS models. One for the Asian (mostly China, Korea, and Japan) and one for the European (for participants mostly from EU countries). About 55 students participated in these short courses. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Research findings were disseminated via refereed journal publications, conference proceedings, and presentations at national and international meetings (see publication section below). HYDRUS models have been updated with several new capabilities and options that have been developed for various research projects. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We will continue to expand the capabilities of the HYDRUS modeling environment by developing specialized modules for more complex applications that cannot be solved using its standard versions. In particular: We are planning to further develop the coupling between the HYDRUS and MODFLOW models to be better capable of simulating processes at a large scale. This should include not only water, but also various contaminants and particles (e.g., bacteria, colloids). We plan to release a "Dynamic Plant Uptake" module for the HYDRUS model for modeling the translocation and transformation of chemicals in the soil-plant continuum. Additionally, we also want to improve our capability in simulating attachment/detachment processes for bacteria, colloids, and/or nanoparticles under hydrologically and chemically transient conditions. We are also planning to develop much more efficient calibration tools based on the particle swarm algorithm coupled with a local search. Finally, we are planning to develop a new modeling tool for evaluating water transit times in the vadose zone based on the fate and transport of stable water isotopes (considering isotope fractionation) and particle tracking. Our ultimate goal for 2021 is to fully rewrite the HYDRUS-1D GUI (to bring it on the same level as HYDRUS (2D/3D) so that we can make available various numerical tools, options, and models that we have developed over the last decade and that are not yet available to the general public.

    Impacts
    What was accomplished under these goals? We continue to expand the capabilities of the HYDRUS modeling environment by developing specialized modules for more complex applications that cannot be solved using its standard versions. The standard versions of HYDRUS, as well as its specialized modules, have been used by myself, my students, and my collaborators in multiple applications described below. The Use of Hydrus Models in Various Hydrological Applications Kacimov et al. (2020) developed analytical solutions for and then studied phreatic seepage flow through an earth dam with an impeding strip. Ali et al. (2020) developed a pH-based pedotransfer function for scaling saturated hydraulic conductivity reduction and implemented this PTF into UnsatChem. Sasidharan et al. (2020) carried out numerical simulations using HYDRUS (2D/3D) to evaluate groundwater recharge from drywells in heterogeneous soil systems under constant head conditions. Brunetti et al. (2020) demonstrated how to handle model complexity with parsimony. They carried out a numerical analysis of the nitrogen turnover in a controlled aquifer model setup. Zhou et al. (2020) evaluated the effects of large macropores on soil evaporation in salt marshes using laboratory experiments and numerical modeling with HYDRUS (2D/3D). Beegum et al. (2020) used MODFLOW with the HYDRUS-1D package and MT3DMS to investigating the atrazine contamination in the Zwischenscholle (Germany) aquifer. Zheng et al. (2020) monitored in-situ freezing-thawing cycles in a deep vadose zone and then carried out an analysis of involved processes. Turunen et al. (2020) evaluated the worth of drain discharge and surface runoff data in hydrological simulations using modified HYDRUS-1D. Glass et al. (2020) used the scaling factors in HYDRUS to simulate a reduction in hydraulic conductivity (in time) during infiltration from recharge wells and infiltration basins. Liu et al. (2020) implemented into CHAIN_2D (a predecessor of HYDRUS) a Gaussian process-based Iterative Ensemble Kalman Filter for parameter estimation of unsaturated flow. Tu et al. (2020a) derived and evaluated an analytical solution of groundwater flow in a confined aquifer with a single-well circulation system. Tu et al. (2020b) derived and evaluated an approximate analytical solution for non-Darcian flow in a confined aquifer with a single-well circulation groundwater heat pump system. Kacimov et al. (2020) derived and evaluated (numerically) an approximate analytical solution for seepage to ditches and topographic depressions in saturated and unsaturated soils. Filipovic et al. (2020) carried out laboratory experiments to assess vineyard soil structure and preferential flow using dye tracer, X-ray tomography, and numerical simulations. Rahmati et al. (2020) develop an algorithm to estimate soil hydraulic properties from one-dimensional infiltration experiments using the characteristic time concept. Zheng et al. (2020) monitored and modeled the coupled movement of water, vapor, and energy in deep soil profiles of arid areas. Silva et al. (2020) modified the HYDRUS models (1D and 2D) for simulating PFAS transport in the vadose zone. Thomas et al. (2020) carried out an experimental study for unraveling compensatory root water uptake and hydraulic redistribution under heterogeneous soil moisture conditions. Kacimov et al. (in press) revisited the concept of Girinskii's potential to evaluate water table rise in urban shallow aquifer with vertically-heterogeneous soils. Sasidharan et al. (in press) carried out numerical simulations using HYDRUS (2D/3D) to evaluate and compate recharge from drywells and infiltration basins. Liu et al. (in press) compared different ensemble data assimilation methods for the estimation of time-varying soil hydraulic parameters. The Use of Hydrus Models to Evaluate Various Irrigation and Fertigation Problems - Agricultural Applications Phogat et al. (2020a) simulated water and salinity risks to viticulture under prolonged sustained deficit and saline water irrigation using HYDRUS-1D. Phogat et al. (2020b) carried out a comprehensive assessment of the management of soil chemical changes associated with irrigation of protected crops using the UnsatChem model. Chen et al. (2020a) evaluated the effects of biodegradable film and plastic film mulching on nitrogen uptake and leaching in a drip-irrigated field using HYDRUS (2D/3D). Bristow et al. (2020) carried out numerical simulations using HYDRUS (2D/3D) evaluating the effects furrow surface conditions and fertilizer locations have on plant nitrogen and water use in furrow irrigated systems. Chen et al. (2020b) evaluated soil nitrate dynamics in an intercropping dripped ecosystem using HYDRUS-2D. Phogat et al. (2020c) evaluated the impact of long-term irrigation with recycled water on crop yield and soil chemical properties using the UnsatChem model. Phogat et al. (2020d) assessed the role of rainfall redirection techniques for arresting land degradation under drip irrigated grapevines using HYDRUS (2D/3D). Filipovi? et al. (2020a) reviewed challenges and opportunities related to using sprayable biodegradable polymer membrane technology for cropping systems. Peddinti et al. (2020) developed and implemented into HYDRUS-2D a macroscopic soil-water transport model to simulate root water uptake in the presence of water and disease stress. Al-Mayahi et al. (2020) experimentally tested and simulated using HYDRUS-2D a smart capillary barrier-wick irrigation system for home gardens in arid zones. Kanzari et al. (2020) simulated using HYDRUS-1D water and salts dynamics in the soil profile with a tomato crop in the semi-arid region of Tunisia and evaluated different irrigation strategies. Haghnazari et al. (2020) carried out using HYDRUS (2D/3D) dynamic assessment of the impacts of global warming on nitrate losses from a subsurface-drained rainfed-canola field. Filipovic et al. (2020b) simulated using HYDRUS-1D water flow and phosphorus sorption in a soil amended with sewage sludge and olive pomace as compost or biochar. Assouline et al. (2020) carried out field experiments to assess various mitigating measures (mixing with freshwater and/or adjusting irrigation management and design) to reduce the negative impacts of irrigation with effluent water. Braunack et al. (2020) used field experiments to evaluate a Sprayable Biodegradable Polymer Membrane (SBPM) Technology for soil water conservation in tomato and watermelon production systems. Zhang et al. (2020) evaluated soil salt dynamics in a dripped field irrigated with brackish water and leached with freshwater irrigation during different growth stages. The Use of Hydrus Models in Various to Evaluate Fate and Transport of Various Substances (Carbon Nanotubes, Viruses) With another member of the W4188 group, Scott Bradford we worked on various aspects of the transport of pathogens in the subsurface. Liang et al. (2020) investigated the evidence for the critical role of nanoscale surface roughness on the retention and release of silver nanoparticles in porous media. Zhang et al. (2021) investigated the non-monotonic contribution of nonionic surfactant on the retention of functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes in porous media.

    Publications

    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Phogat, V., J. W. Cox, J. Simunek, and P. Hayman, Modeling water and salinity risks to viticulture under prolonged sustained deficit and saline water irrigation, Journal of Water and Climate Change, 11(3), 901915, doi: 10.2166/wcc.2018.186, (published online May 21, 2018), 2020.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Kacimov, A. R., N. D. Yakimov, and J. Simunek, Phreatic seepage flow through an earth dam with an impeding strip, Computational Geosciences, 24, 17-35, doi: 10.1007/s10596-019-09879-8, 2020.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Phogat, V., D. Mallants, J. W. Cox, J. Simunek, D. P. Oliver, and J. Awad, Management of soil chemical changes associated with irrigation of protected crops, Agricultural Water Management, 227, 105845, doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2019.105845, 2020.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Liang, Y., J. Zhou, Y. Dong, E. Klumpp, J. Simunek, and S. A. Bradford, Evidence for the critical role of nanoscale surface roughness on the retention and release of silver nanoparticles in porous media, Environmental Pollution, 258, 113803, 9 p., doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113803, 2020.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Chen, N., X. Li, J. Simunek, H. Shi, J. Shi, Z. Ding, and Y. Zhang, The effects of biodegradable and plastic film mulching on nitrogen uptake, leaching in a drip-irrigated sandy field, Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 292, 106817, 13 p., doi: 10.1016/j.agee.2020.106817, 2020.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Sasidharan, S., S. A. Bradford, J. Simunek, and S. R. Kraemer, Groundwater recharge from drywells under constant head conditions, Journal of Hydrology, 583, 124569, 14 p., doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.124569, 2020.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Ali, A., A. J. W. Biggs, J. Simunek, and J. McL. Bennett, A pH based pedotransfer function for scaling saturated hydraulic conductivity reduction: Improved estimation of hydraulic dynamics in HYDRUS, Vadose Zone Journal, 18(1), 190072, doi: 10.2136/vzj2019.07.0072, 2020.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Bristow, K. L., J. Simunek, S. A. Helalia, and A. A. Siyal, Numerical simulations of the effects furrow surface conditions and fertilizer locations have on plant nitrogen and water use in furrow irrigated systems, Agricultural Water Management, 232, 106044, 11 p., doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106044, 2020.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Chen, N., X. Li, J. Simunek, H. Shi, Q. Hu, and Y. Zhang, Evaluating soil nitrate dynamics in an intercropping dripped ecosystem using HYDRUS-2D, Science of Total Environment, 718, 137314, 13 p., doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.124681, 2020.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Brunetti, G., J. Simunek, D. Gl�ckler, and C. Stumpp, Handling model complexity with parsimony: Numerical analysis of the nitrogen turnover in a controlled aquiter model setup, Journal of Hydrology, 584, 124681, 18 p., doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.124681, 2020.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Zhou, T., P. Xin, L. Li, D. A. Barry, J. Simunek, Effects of large macropores on soil evaporation in salt marshes, Journal of Hydrology, 585, 124754, 10 p., doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.124754, 2020.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Beegum, S., J. Vanderborght, J. Simunek, M. Herbst, K. P. Sudheer, and I. M. Nambi, Investigating the atrazine contamination in the Zwischenscholle aquifer using MODFLOW with the HYDRUS-1D package and MT3DMS, Water, 12(4), 1019, 24 p., doi: 10.3390/w12041019, 2020.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Phogat, V., D. Mallants, J. W. Cox, J. Simunek, D. P. Oliver, T. Pitt, and P. Petrie, Impact of long-term recycled water irrigation on crop yield and soil chemical properties, Agricultural Water Management, 237, 106167, 14 p., doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106167, 2020.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Zheng, C., Y. Lu, X. Liu, J. Simunek, Y. Zeng, C. Shi, and H. Li, In-situ monitoring and characteristic analysis of freezing-thawing cycles in a deep vadose zone, Water, 12(5), 1261, 18 p., doi: 10.3390/w12051261, 2020.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Phogat, V., T. Pitt, R. M. Stevens, J. W. Cox, J. Simunek, and P. R. Petrie, Assessing the role of rainfall redirection techniques for arresting land degradation under drip irrigated grapevines, Journal of Hydrology, 587, 125000, 12 p., doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.125000, 2020.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Filipovic, V., K. L. Bristow, L. Filipovic, Y. Wang, H. Y. Sintim, M. Flury, and J. Simunek, Sprayable biodegradable polymer membrane technology for cropping systems: Challenges and opportunities, Viewpoint paper, Environmental Science & Technology, 54(8), 4709-4711, 3 p., doi: 10.1021/acs.est.0c00909, 2020.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Turunen, M., G. Gurarslan, J. Simunek, M. Myllys, and H. Koivusalo, What is the worth of drain discharge and surface runoff data in hydrological simulations? Journal of Hydrology, 587, 125030, 9 p., doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.125030, 2020.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Peddinti, S. R., B. V. N. P. Kambhammettu, R. Lad, J. Simunek, R. M. Gade, and J. Adinarayana, A macroscopic soil-water transport model to simulate root water uptake in the presence of water and disease stress, Journal of Hydrology, 587, 124940, 13 p., doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.124940, 2020.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Al-Mayahi, A., S. Al-Ismaily, A. Al-Maktoumi, H. Al-Busaidi, A. Kacimov, R. Janke, J. Bouma, and J. Simunek, A smart capillary barrier-wick irrigation system for home gardens in arid zones, Irrigation Science, 38, 235-250, doi: 10.1007/s00271-020-00666-3, 2020.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Kanzari S., I. Daghari, J. Simunek, A. Younes, R. Ilahy, S. B. Mariem, M. Rezig, B. B. Nouna, H. Bahrouni, and M. A. B. Abdallah, Simulation of water and salts dynamics in the soil profile with a tomato crop in the semi-arid region of Tunisia  Evaluation of the irrigation strategy, Water, 12, 1594, 16 p., doi: 10.3390/w12061594, 2020.
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Glass, J., J. Simunek, and C. Stefan, Scaling factors in HYDRUS to simulate a reduction in hydraulic conductivity during infiltration from recharge wells and infiltration basins, Vadose Zone Journal, 19, e20027, 19 p., doi: 10.1002/vzj2.20027, 2020.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Liu, K., G. Huang, Z. Jiang, X. Xu, Y. Xiong, Q. Huang, and J. Simunek, A gaussian process-based Iterative Ensemble Kalman Filter for parameter estimation of unsaturated flow, Journal of Hydrology, 589, 125210, 15 p., doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.125210 2020.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Tu, K., Q. Wu, J. Simunek, C. Chen, K. Zhu, Y. Zeng, S. Xu, and Y. Wang, An analytical solution of groundwater flow in a confined aquifer with a single-well circulation system, Water Resources Research, 56(7), e2020WR027529, 14 p., doi: 10.1029/2020WR027529, 2020.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Haghnazari, F., F. Karandish, A. Darzi-Naftchali, and J. Simunek, Dynamic assessment of the impacts of global warming on nitrate losses from a subsurface-drained rainfed-canola field, Agricultural Water Management, 242, 10640, 15 p., doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106420, 2020.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Filipovic, V., M. Cerne, J. Simunek, L. Filipovic, M. Romic, G. Ondraaek, I. Bogunovic, I. Mustac, V. Krevh, A. Feren?evic, D. A. Robinson, I. Palcic, I. Paskovic, S. Goreta Ban, Z. Uzila, and D. Ban, Modeling water flow and phosphorus sorption in a soil amended with sewage sludge and olive pomace as compost or biochar, Agronomy, 10, 1163, 20 p., doi:,10.3390/agronomy10081163, 2020.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Tu, K., Q. Wu, J. Simunek, K. Zhu, C. Chen, W. Zheng, Y. Zeng, and S. Xu, An approximate analytical solution for non-Darcian flow in a confined aquifer with a single well circulation groundwater heat pump system, Advances in Water Resources, 145, 103740, 10 p., doi: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2020.103740, 2020.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Assouline, S., T. Kamai, J. Simunek, K. Narkis, and A. Silber, Mitigating the impact of irrigation with effluent water: Mixing with freshwater and/or adjusting irrigation management and design, Water Resources Research, 56(9), e2020WR027781, 14 p., doi: 10.1029/2020WR027781, 2020.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Kacimov, A. R., Y. V. Obnosov, and J. Simunek, Seepage to ditches and topographic depressions in saturated and unsaturated soils, Advances in Water Resources, 145, 103732, 15 p., doi: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2020.103732, 2020.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Filipovic, V., J. Defterdarovic, J. Simunek, L. Filipovic, G. Ondraaek, D. Romic, I. Bogunovic, I. Mustac, J. Curic, and R. Kodesova, Estimation of vineyard soil structure and preferential flow using dye tracer, X-ray tomography, and numerical simulations, Geoderma, 380, 114699, 12 p., doi: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2020.114699, 2020.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Rahmati, M., J. Vanderborght, J. Simunek, J. A. Vrugt, D. Moret-Fern�ndez, B. Latorre, L. Lassabatere, and Harry Vereecken, Soil hydraulic properties estimation from one-dimensional infiltration experiments using characteristic time concept, Vadose Zone Journal, doi: 10.1002/vzj2.20068, 2020.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Zheng, C., J. Simunek, Y. Lu, X. Liu, C. Shi, and H. Li, Monitoring and modeling the coupled movement of water, vapor, and energy in arid areas, Journal of Hydrology, 590, 125528, 16 p., doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.125528, 2020.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Zhang, Y., X. Li, J. Simunek, H. Shi, N. Chen, T. Tian, and Q. Hu, Evaluating soil salt dynamics in brackish water dripped field by leaching with freshwater irrigation during different growth stages, Agricultural Water Management, 244, 106601, 13 p., doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106601, 2021.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Silva, J. A. K., J. Simunek, and J. E. McCray, A modified HYDRUS model for simulating PFAS transport in the vadose zone, Water, 12(10), 2758, 24 p., doi: 10.3390/w12102758, 2020.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Thomas, A., B. K. Yadav, J. Simunek, Root water uptake under heterogeneous soil moisture conditions: an experimental study for unraveling compensatory root water uptake and hydraulic redistribution, Plant and Soil, 457(1-2), 421-435, doi: 10.1007/s11104-020-04738-3, 2020.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Braunack, M. V., V. Filipovic, R. Adhikari, G. Freischmidt, P. Johnston, P. S. Casey, Y. Wang, J. Simunek, L. Filipovic, and K. L. Bristow, Evaluation of a Sprayable Biodegradable Polymer Membrane (SBPM) Technology for soil water conservation in tomato and watermelon production systems, Agricultural Water Management, 243, 106446, 12 p., doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106446, 2021.


    Progress 10/01/18 to 09/30/19

    Outputs
    Target Audience:Numerical models that we have developed are used by thousands of scientists, students, and professionals in the United States, as well as around the world. This is best documented by a very large number of citations that our research papers receive in the scientific literature. According to ISI Web of Knowledge, peer-reviewed journal articles of the PI of this project have been cited in 2019 by over seventeen hundred times and his h-index reached a value of 64. We continue supporting a large number of HYDRUS users from around the world using both web, emails, direct discussions at the national and international conferences and workshops. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Two UCR PhD student has been directly involved in this project. Several visiting PhD students from universities around the world have been involved in either using our numerical models and providing information for their further development. Similarly, numerous visiting scientist have been working with us on model applications and/or further development. Additionally, In 2019, we offered four three-day short courses on how to use HYDRUS models at a) Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic, b) Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, c) Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India, and d) the Sede Boker Campus of the Ben Gurion University, Israel. About 100 students participated in these short courses. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Research findings were disseminated via refereed journal publications, conference proceedings, and a number of presentations at national and international meetings (see publication section below). HYDRUS models have been updated with several new capabilities and options that have been developed for various research projects. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We will continue to expand the capabilities of the HYDRUS modeling environment by developing specialized modules for more complex applications that cannot be solved using its standard versions. In particular, we are planning to further develop the coupling between the HYDRUS and MODFLOW models to be better capable of simulating processes at the large scale. This should include not only water, but also various contaminants and particles (e.g., bacteria, colloids). Additionally, we also want to improve our capability in simulating attachment/detachment processes for bacteria, colloids, and/or nanoparticles under hydrologically and chemically transient conditions.

    Impacts
    What was accomplished under these goals? We continue to expand the capabilities of the HYDRUS modeling environment by developing specialized modules for more complex applications that cannot be solved using its standard versions. The standard versions of HYDRUS, as well as its specialized modules, have been used by myself, my students, and my collaborators in multiple applications described below. Hydrological Applications Beegum et al. (2019) first updated the HYDRUS package for MODFLOW (HPM) by developing a new methodology to eliminate the error in the determination of the recharge flux at the bottom of the HPM profile and then additionally also implemented solute transport into the HPM. She then successfully tested these two new developments against fully two- or three-dimensional simulations with HYDRUS (2D/3D). Brunetti et al. (2019) assessed the information content of aboveground fast-neutron counts to estimate SHPs using both a synthetic modeling study and actual experimental data from the Rollesbroich catchment in Germany. For this, the forward neutron operator COSMIC was externally coupled with the hydrological model HYDRUS-1D. Sasidharan et al. (2019) carried out numerical experiments using the HYDRUS (2D/3D) software to systematically study the influence of subsurface heterogeneity on drywell infiltration. Subsurface heterogeneity was described deterministically by defining soil layers or lenses, or by generating stochastic realizations of soil hydraulic properties with selected variance and horizontal and vertical correlation lengths. Liang et al. (2019) developed physics-informed data-driven models to predict surface runoff water quantity and quality in agricultural fields. Ponheiro et al. (2019) measured a full-range of soil hydraulic properties for the purpose of predicting crop water availability using gamma-ray attenuation and inverse modeling. Hansson et al. (2019) studied the effects of soil compaction on root-zone hydrology and vegetation in boreal forest clearcuts. Xie et al. (2019) evaluated experimentally and numerically the nitrate subsurface transport and losses in response to its initial distributions in sloped soils. Torkzaban et al. (2019) modeled virus transport and removal during storage and recovery in heterogeneous aquifers. Kacimov et al. (2019) developed analytical solutions for and then studied phreatic seepage flow through an earth dam with an impeding strip. The Use of Hydrus Models to Evaluate Various Irrigation and Fertigation Problems - Agricultural Applications Saefuddin et al. (2019) evaluated a ring-shaped emitter made from a standard rubber hose that has been developed and introduced for subsurface irrigation in Indonesia. The main objectives of this study thus were 1) to experimentally investigate the water movement around a buried ring-shaped emitter and 2) to numerically evaluate the effect of modifying the design of the ring-shaped emitter on soil water dynamics around the emitter. Phogat et al. (2019) used the HYDRUS-1D model to identify the future water and salinity risks to irrigated viticulture in the Murray-Darling Basin, South Australia. The modeling results indicate that soil salinity at the beginning of the vine season and the average seasonal salinity are crucial factors that may need special management to sustain the viticulture in this region. Liu et al. (2019) developed a coupled model a numerical model simulating water flow and solute transport for a furrow irrigation system, in which surface water flow and solute transport are described using the zero-inertia equation and the average cross-sectional convection-dispersion equation, respectively, while the two-dimensional Richards equation and the convection-dispersion equation are used to simulate water flow and solute transport in soils, respectively. Karandish and Šim?nek (2019) applied the HYDRUS (2D/3D) and SALTMED models to investigate the influence of various water-saving irrigation strategies on maize water footprints. Ramos et al. (2019) evaluated current risks and possible trends in soil salinization in very high-density olive orchards grown in southern Portugal. Ponheiro et al. (2019) carried out a process-based analysis of the role of soil hydraulic properties on crop water use efficiency for some Brazilian scenarios. Kacimov et al. (2019) revisited the Ovsinsky's smart mulching-tillage technology via Gardner-Warrick's unsaturated analytical model and HYDRUS to mminimise evaporation by optimal layering of the topsoil. Mokari et al. (2019) analyzed using numerical modeling the fate of nitrate in a flood-irrigated pecan orchard. Yang et al. (2019) carried out a comprehensive assessment of salinity leaching efficiency in three soils using the HYDRUS-1D and -2D simulations. Chen et al. (2019) evaluated the effects of biodegradable film mulching on soil water dynamics in a drip-irrigated field. Brunetti et al. (2019) developed A Dynamic Plant Uptake module for the HYDRUS model for modeling the translocation and transformation of chemicals in the soil-plant continuum. Fate and Transport of Various Substances (Carbon Nanotubes, Viruses, Explosives) With another member of the W3188 group, Scott Bradford we worked on three aspects of the transport of pathogens in the subsurface. Liang et al. (2019) investigated the roles of graphene oxide (GO) particle geometry, GO surface orientation, surface roughness, and nanoscale chemical heterogeneity on interaction energies, aggregation, retention, and release of GO in porous media. Calculations revealed that these factors had a large influence on the predicted interaction energy parameters. Zhang et al. (2019) evaluated a co-transport of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate in chemically heterogeneous porous media. Adrian et al. (2019) studied the transport and retention of engineered silver nanoparticles in carbonate-rich sediments in the presence and absence of soil organic matter. Reviews Vereecken et al. (2019) provided an overview and outlook for land surface modelling with respect to infiltration from the pedon to global grid scales.? Jia et al. (in press) developed a benchmark involving soil organic matter degradation under variably-saturated flow conditions for comparing reactive transport models

    Publications

    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Saefuddin, R., H. Saito, and J. Simunek, Experimental and numerical evaluation of a ring-shaped emitter for subsurface irrigation, Agricultural Water Management, 211, 111-122, doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2018.09.039, 2019.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Liang, Y., S, A. Bradford, J. Simunek, and E. Klumpp, Mechanism of graphene oxide aggregation, retention, and release in quartz sand, Science of the Total Environment, 656, 70-79, doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.258, 2019.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Liu, K., G. Huang, X. Xu, Y. Xiong, Q. Huang, and J. Simunek, A coupled model for simulating water flow and solute transport in furrow irrigation, Agricultural Water Management, 213, 792-802, doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2018.11.024, 2019.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Karandish, F., and J. Simunek, A comparison of the HYDRUS (2D/3D) and SALTMED models to investigate the influence of various water-saving irrigation strategies on the maize water footprint, Agricultural Water Management, 213, 809-820, doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2018.11.023, 2019.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Sasidharan, S., S. A. Bradford, J. Simunek, and S. R. Kraemer, Drywell infiltration and hydraulic properties in heterogeneous soil profiles, Journal of Hydrology, 570, 598-561, doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.12.073, 2019.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Phogat, V., J. W. Cox, R. S. Kookana, J. Simunek, T. Pitt, and N. Fleming, Optimizing the riparian zone width near a stream for controlling lateral migration of irrigation water and solutes, Journal of Hydrology, 570, 37-646, doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.01.026, 2019.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Brunetti, G., J. Simunek, H. Bogena, R. Baatz, J. A. Huisman, H. Dahlke, and H. Vereecken, On the information content of cosmic-ray neutrons in the inverse estimation of soil hydraulic properties, Vadose Zone Journal, 18, 180123, 24 p., doi: 10.2136/vzj2018.06.0123, 2019.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Liang, J., W. Li, S. A. Bradford, and J. Simunek, Physics-informed data-driven models to predict surface runoff water quantity and quality in agricultural fields, Water, 11(2), 200, 21 p., doi: 10.3390/w11020200, 2019.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Zhang, M., S. A. Bradford, J. Simunek, H. Vereecken, and E. Klumpp, Co-transport of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate in chemically heterogeneous porous media, Environmental Pollution, 247, 907-916, doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.01.106, 2019.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Pinheiro, E. A. R, Q. de Jong van Lier, L. Inforsato, and J. Simunek, Measuring full-range soil hydraulic properties for the prediction of crop water availability using gamma-ray attenuation and inverse modeling, Agricultural Water Management, 216, 294-305, doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2019.01.029, 2019.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Ramos, T. B., H. Darouich, J. Simunek, M. C. Goncalves, and J. C. Martins, Soil salinization in very high-density olive orchards grown in southern Portugal: Current risks and possible trends, Agricultural Water Management, 217, 265-281, doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2019.02.047, 2019.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Pinheiro, E. A. R, Q. de Jong van Lier, and J. Simunek, The role of soil hydraulic properties in crop water use efficiency: A process-based analysis for some Brazilian scenarios, Agricultural Systems, 173, 364-377, doi: 10.1016/j.agsy.2019.03.019, 2019.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Beegum, S., J. Simunek, A. Szymkiewicz, K. P. Sudheer, and I. M. Nambi, Implementation of solute transport in the vadose zone into the 'HYDRUS package for MODFLOW', Groundwater, 57(3), 392-408, doi: 10.1111/gwat.12815, 2019.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Kacimov, A. R., Y. V. Obnosov, and J. Simunek, Minimal evaporation by optimal layering of topsoil: Revisiting Ovsinskys smart mulching-tillage technology via Gardner-Warricks unsaturated analytical model and HYDRUS, Water Resources Research, 55, 3606-3618, doi: 10.1029/2018WR024025, 2019.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Vereecken, H., L. Weiherm�ller, S. Assouline, J. Simunek, A. Verhoef, M. Herbst, N. Archer, B. Mohanty, C. Montzka, J. Vanderborght, G. Balsamo, M. Bechtold, A. Boone, S. Chadburn, M. Cuntz, B. Decharme, A. Ducharne, M. Ek, S. Garrigues, K. G�rgen, J. Ingewersen, S. Kollet, D. M. Lawrence, Q. Li, D. Or, S. Swenson, P. de Vrese, R. Walko, Y. Wu, and Y. Xue, Infiltration from the pedon to global grid scales: An overview and outlook for land surface modelling, Vadose Zone Journal, 18(1), 18019, 53 p., doi: 10.2136/vzj2018.10.0191, 2019.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Mokari, E., M. Shukla, J. Simunek, and J. L. Fernandez, Numerical modeling of nitrate in a flood-irrigated pecan orchard, Soil Science Society of America Journal, 83(3), 555-564, doi: 10.2136/sssaj2018.08.0302, 2019.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Hansson, L., J. Simunek, E. Ring, K. Bishop, and A. I. Gardenas, Soil compaction effects on root-zone hydrology and vegetation in boreal forest clearcuts, Soil Science Society of America Journal, 83(Suppl. 1), S105-S115, doi: 10.2136/sssaj2018.08.0302, 2019.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Yang, T., J. Simunek, M. Mo, B. Mcculloug-Sanden, H. Shahrokhnia, S. Cherchian, and L. Wu, Assessing salinity leaching efficiency in three soils by the HYDRUS-1D and -2D simulations, Soil & Tillage Research, 194, 104342, 10 p., doi: 10.1016/j.still.2019.104342, 2019.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Xie, M., J. Simunek, Z. Zhang, P. Zhang, J. Xu, and Q. Lin, Nitrate subsurface transport and losses in response to its initial distributions in sloped soils: An experimental and modeling study, Hydrological Processes, 15 p., doi: 10.1002/hyp.13556, 2019.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2019 Citation: Jia, M., D. Jacques, F. Gerard, D. Su, K. U. Mayer, and J. Simunek, A benchmark for soil organic matter degradation under variably-saturated flow conditions, Computational Geosciences, 19 p., doi: 10.1007/s10596-019-09862-3, (in press).
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Torkzaban, S., M. Hocking, S. A. Bradford, S. S. Tazehkand, S. Sasidharan, and J. Simunek, Modeling virus transport and removal during storage and recovery in heterogeneous aquifers, Journal of Hydrology, 578, 124082, 11 p., doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.124082, 2019.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Adrian, Y. F., U. Schneidewind, S. A. Bradford, J. Simunek, E. Klumpp, and R. Azzam, Transport and retention of engineered silver nanoparticles in carbonate-rich sediments in the presence and absence of soil organic matter, Environmental Pollution, 255, 113124, 11 p., doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113124, 2019.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Chen, N., X. Li, J. Simunek, H. Shi, Z. Ding, and Z. Peng, Evaluating the effects of biodegradable film mulching on soil water dynamics in a drip-irrigated field, Agricultural Water Management, 226, 105788, 12 p., doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2019.105788, 2019.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Brunetti, G., R. Kodeaov�, and J. Simunek, Modeling the translocation and transformation of chemicals in the soil-plant continuum: A Dynamic Plant Uptake module for the HYDRUS model, Water Resources Research, 55, 89678989, doi: 10.1029/2019WR025432, 2019.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Kacimov, A. R., N. D. Yakimov, and J. Simunek, Phreatic seepage flow through an earth dam with an impeding strip, Computational Geosciences, 19 p., doi: 10.1007/s10596-019-09879-8, 2019.


    Progress 10/01/17 to 09/30/18

    Outputs
    Target Audience:Numerical models that we have developed are used by thousands of scientists, students, and professionals in the United States, as well as around the world. This is best documented by a very large number of citations that our research papers receive in the scientific literature. According to ISI Web of Knowledge, peer-reviewed journal articles of the PI of this project have been cited in 2018 by over one fifteen hundred times and his h-index reached a value of 57. We continue supporting a large number of HYDRUS users from around the world using both web, emails, direct discussions at the national and international conferences and workshops. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Two UCR PhD student has been directly involved in this project. Several visiting PhD students from universities around the world have been involved in either using our numerical models and providing information for their further development. Similarly, numerous visiting scientist have been working with us on model applications and/or further development. Additionally, in 2018 we have offered short courses on how to use HYDRUS models at a) Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic, b) Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, c) the Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, Peoples Republic of China, d) Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Department of Ecoregion Science, Tokyo, Japan, e) WASCAL Headquarters, Accra, Ghana, NC. About 150 students participated in these short courses. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Research findings were disseminated via refereed journal publications, conference proceedings, and a number of presentations at national and international meetings (see publication section below). HYDRUS models have been updated with several new capabilities and options that have been developed for various research projects. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We will continue to expand the capabilities of the HYDRUS modeling environment by developing specialized modules for more complex applications that cannot be solved using its standard versions. In particular, we are planning to further develop the coupling between the HYDRUS and MODFLOW models to be better capable of simulating processes at the large scale. This should include not only water, but also various contaminants and particles (e.g., bacteria, colloids). Additionally, we also want to improve our capability in simulating attachment/detachment processes for bacteria, colloids, and/or nanoparticles under hydrologically and chemically transient conditions.

    Impacts
    What was accomplished under these goals? We continue to expand the capabilities of the HYDRUS modeling environment by developing specialized modules for more complex applications that cannot be solved using its standard versions. The standard versions of HYDRUS, as well as its specialized modules, have been used by myself, my students, and my collaborators in multiple applications described below. The Use of Hydrus Models to Evaluate Various Irrigation and Fertigation Problems - Agricultural Applications Phogat et al (2017a) used HYDRUS-2D to evaluate crop coefficients, water productivity, and water balance components for wine grapes irrigated at different deficit levels by a sub-surface drip. The impact of deficit irrigation on berry juice composition (Brix, pH and titratableacidity) was lower than the inter-seasonal variability Li et al. (2017a) used experimental field data to assess the spatial distribution of soil water, soil temperature, and plant roots in a drip-irrigated intercropping field with plastic mulch. Aggarwal et al. (2017) used HYDRUS-2D to simulate soil water balance and root water uptake in cotton grown under different soil conservation practices in the Indo-Gangetic Plain. The authors concluded that the Hydrus-2D model may be adopted for managing efficient water use, as it can simulate the temporal changes in SWC and actual transpiration rates of a crop/cropping system. Li et al. (2017b) used HYDRUS-1D to simulate soil water regime and water balance in a transplanted rice field experiment with reduced irrigation. Mallants et al. (2017a) used the UnsatChem module of HYDRUS-1D to asses water quality requirements of coal seam gas produced water for sustainable irrigation. Calculations showed that the use of untreated produced water resulted in a decrease in soil hydraulic conductivity due to clay swelling causing water stagnation, additional plant-water stress, and a reduction in plant transpiration. Mallmann et al. (2017) used HYDRUS-1D to simulate zinc and copper movement in an Oxisol contaminated by long-term pig slurry (PS) amendments. Consideration of root growth and root water uptake processes in HYDRUS-1D simulations improved the description of measured field Zn concentrations. The feasibility of using PS amendments on agricultural Oxisols will be limited by Cu because the soil Cu threshold concentration is exceeded in approximately 30 yr. Karandish and Šim?nek (2017) used HYDRUS-2D to simulate nitrogen and water dynamics under various N-managed water saving irrigation strategies. Various scenarios were defined by combining 11 irrigation levels (0-100%), 8 N fertilization rates (0-400 kg ha−1) and two water-saving irrigation strategies: deficit irrigation (DI) and partial root-zone drying (PRD). The authors concluded that the HYDRUS-2D model, instead of labor- and time-consuming and expensive field investigations, could be reliably used for determining the optimal scenarios under both the DI and PRD strategies. Hydrological Applications Lamorski et al. (2017) used the machine learning method to estimate the main wetting branch of soil water retention curve based on its main drying branch. Slimene et al. (2017) used HYDRUS-2D to evaluate the role of heterogeneous lithology in a glaciofluvial deposit on unsaturated preferential flow. Brunetti et al. (2017) used a surrogate model, i.e., the kriging technique, to approximate the deterministic response of HYDRUS-2D, and to simulate the variably-saturated hydraulic behavior of a contained stormwater filter. Surrogate modeling focuses on developing and using a computationally inexpensive surrogate of the original model. The main aim is to approximate the response of an original simulation model, which is typically computationally intensive. Mallants et al. (2017b) used various modules (e.g., UnsatChem, HP1) of the HYDRUS-1D to demonstrate possible applications of the software to the subsurface fate and transport of chemicals involved in coal seam gas extraction and water management operations. Liang et al. (2017) adapted the HYDRUS-1D model to simulate overland flow and reactive transport during sheet flow deviations. A hierarchical series of models available in HYDRUS-1D to account for both uniform and physical nonequilibrium flow and transport in the subsurface, e.g., dual-porosity and dual-permeability models, up to a dual-permeability model with immobile water, were adapted to simulate physical nonequilibrium overland flow and transport at the soil surface. Phogat et al. (2017b) used HYDRUS-2D to quantify the long-term stream-aquifer exchange in a variably saturated heterogeneous environment. The model was first calibrated and validated using piezometric heads measured near the stream and then used a) to quantify the long-term dynamics of exchange at stream-aquifer interface and the water balance in the domain and b) to evaluate the impact of anisotropy of geological materials, thickness, and the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the low permeability layer at the streambed, and water table fluctuations on the extent of exchange. Li et al. (2017c) used HYDRUS-2D to simulate the effects of lake wind waves on water and solute exchange across the lakeshore. The sensitivity analysis revealed that the hydraulic conductivity of the lakeshore zone and the characteristics of the waves were important factors influencing water and chloride exchange between the lake and groundwater systems. The simulated results helped us to better understand water and solute interactions in the lake-groundwater system during windy periods. Diamantopoulos et al. (2017) used various FOCUS scenarios, which are used in Europe to assess the potential risk of groundwater to pesticides, in a model comparison study, in which they compared HYDRUS (2D/3D) with PEARL and PELMO. The authors concluded that HYDRUS (2D/3D) can be used as an alternative model for pesticide assessment studies since it provides a conceptual framework consistent with PEARL and PELMO but capable of two- and three-dimensional applications as well. Brunetti et al. (2017) developed a computationally efficient pseudo-3D model for the numerical analysis of borehole heat exchangers. The numerical approach combines a one-dimensional description of the heat transport in the buried tubes of the exchanger with a two-dimensional description of the heat transfer and water flow in the surrounding subsurface soil, thus reducing the dimensionality of the problem and the computational cost.

    Publications

    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Karandish, F., A. Darzi-Naftchali, and J. Simunek, Application of HYDRUS (2D/3D) for predicting the influence of subsurface drainage on soil water dynamics in a rainfed-canola cropping system, Irrigation and Drainage Journal, 67, Supplement 2, 29-39, doi: 10.1002/ird.2194, 2018.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Hartmann, A., J. Simunek, M. K. Aidoo, S. J. Seidel, and N. Lazarovitch, Implementation and application of a root growth module in HYDRUS, Vadose Zone Journal, 17(1), 170040, 16 p., doi: 10.2136/vzj2017.02.0040, 2018.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Darzi-Naftchali, A., F. Karandish, and J. Simunek, Numerical modeling of soil water dynamics in subsurface drained paddies with midseason drainage or alternate wetting and drying management, Agricultural Water Management, 197, 67-78, doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2017.11.017, 2018.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Arthur, J. D., N. W. Mark, S. Taylor, J. Simunek, M. L. Brusseau, and K. M. Dontsova, Dissolution and transport of insensitive munitions formulations IMX-101 and IMX-104 in saturated soil columns, Science of Total Environment, 624, 758-768, doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.307, 2018.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Simunek, J., M. Th. van Genuchten, and R. Kodeaov�, Thematic issue on HYDRUS applications to subsurface flow and contaminant transport problems, Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics, 66(2), 129-132, doi: 10.1515/johh-2017-0060, 2018.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Simunek, J., M. `ejna, and M. Th. van Genuchten, New features of the version 3 of the HYDRUS (2D/3D) computer software package, Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics, 66(2), 133-142, doi: 10.1515/johh-2017-0050, 2018.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Karimov, A. K., M. A. Hanjra, J. Simunek, and M. Avliyakulov, Can a change in cropping pattern produce water savings and social gains: A case study from the Fergana Valley, Central Asia, Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics, 66(2), 189-201, doi: 10.1515/johh-2017-0054, 2018.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Jacques, D., J. Simunek, D. Mallants, and M. Th. van Genuchten, The HPx software for multicomponent reactive transport during variably-saturated flow: Recent developments and applications, Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics, 66(2), 211-226, doi: 10.1515/johh-2017-0049, 2018.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Shelia, V., J. Simunek, K. Boote, and G. Hoogenbooom, Coupled DSSAT and HYDRUS-1D for simulations of soil water dynamics in the soil-plant-atmosphere system, Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics, 66(2), 232-245, doi: 10.1515/johh-2017-0055, 2018.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Szymkiewicz, A., A. Gumu?a-Kaw?cka, J. Simunek, B. Leterme, S. Beegum, B. Jaworska-Szulc, M. Pruszkowska-Caceres, W. Gorczewska-Langner, R. Angulo-Jaramillo, and D. Jacques, Simulation of freshwater lens recharge and salt/freshwater interfaces using the Hydrus and SWI2 packages for Modflow, Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics, 66(2), 246-256, doi: 10.2478/johh-2018-0005, 2018.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Phogat, V., T. Pitt, J. W. Cox, J. Simunek, and M. A. Skewes, Soil water and salinity dynamics under sprinkler irrigated almond exposed to a varied salinity stress at different growth stages, Agricultural Water Management, 201, 70-82, doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2018.01.018, 2018a.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Phogat, V., J. W. Cox, and J. Simunek, Identifying the future water and salinity risks to irrigated viticulture in the Murray-Darling Basin, South Australia, Agricultural Water Management, 201, 107-117, doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2018.01.025, 2018b.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Rahmatpour, S., M. R. Mosaddeghi, M. Shirvani, and J. Simunek, Transport of silver nanoparticles in intact columns of calcareous soils: The role of flow conditions and soil texture, Geoderma, 322, 89-100, doi: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2018.02.016, 2018.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Adrian, Y. F., U. Schneidewind, S. A. Bradford, J. Simunek, T. M. Fernandez-Steeger, and R. Azzam, Transport and retention of surfactant- and polymer-stabilized engineered silver nanoparticles in silicate-dominated aquifer material, Environmental Pollution, 236, 195-207, doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.01.011, 2018.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Kacimov, A., Y. Obnosov, and J. Simunek, Steady flow from an array of subsurface emitters: Kornevs irrigation technology and Kidders free boundary problems revisited, Transport in Porous Media, 121(3), 643-664, doi: 10.1007/s11242-017-0978-x, 2018.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Brunetti, G., J. Simunek, M. Turco, and P. Piro, On the use of global sensitivity analysis for the numerical analysis of permeable pavements, Urban Water Journal, 15(3), 269-275, doi: 10.1080/1573062X.2018.1439975, 2018a.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Sasidharan, S. A. Bradford, J. Simunek, B. DeJong, and S. R. Kraemer, Evaluating drywells for stormwater management and enhanced aquifer recharge, Advances in Water Resources, 116, 167-177, doi: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2018.04.003, 2018.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Brunetti, G., J. Simunek, and E. Bautista, A hybrid finite volume-finite element model for the numerical analysis of furrow irrigation and fertigation, Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 150, 312-327, doi: 10.1016/j.compag.2018.05.013, 2018b.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Karandish, F., and J. Simunek, An application of the Water Footprint concept to optimize the production of crops irrigated with saline water: Scenario assessment with HYDRUS, Agricultural Water Management, 208, 67-82, 2018.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Wongkaew, A., H. Saito, H. Fujimaki, and J. Simunek, Numerical analysis of soil water dynamics in a soil column with an artificial capillary barrier growing leaf vegetables, Soil Use and Management, 34, 206-215, doi: 10.1111/sum.12423, 2018.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Sasidharan, S., S. A. Bradford, J. Simunek, and S. Torkzaban, Minimizing virus transport in porous media by optimizing solid phase inactivation, Journal of Environmental Quality, 47(5), 1058-1067, doi: 10.2134/jeq2018.01.0027, 2018.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Beegum, S., J. Simunek, A. Szymkiewicz, K. P. Sudheer, and I. M. Nambi, Updating the coupling algorithm between HYDRUS and MODFLOW in the HYDRUS Package for MODFLOW, Technical Note, Vadose Zone Journal, 17(1), 180034, 8 p., doi: 10.2136/vzj2018.02.0034, 2018.


    Progress 11/07/16 to 09/30/17

    Outputs
    Target Audience:Numerical models that we have developed are used by thousands of scientists, students, and professionals in the United States, as well as around the world. This is best documented by a very large number of citations that our research papers receive in the scientific literature. According to ISI Web of Knowledge, peer-reviewed journal articles of the PI of this project have been cited in 2017 by over one thousand times and his h-index reached a value of 53. We continue supporting a large number of HYDRUS users from around the world using both web, emails, direct discussions at the national and international conferences and workshops. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Two UCR PhD student has been directly involved in this project. Several visiting PhD students from universities around the world have been involved in either using our numerical models and providing information for their further development. Similarly, numerous visiting scientist have been working with us on model applications and/or further development. Additionally, in 2017 we have offered short courses on how to use HYDRUS models at a) CSIRO Land & Water, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia, b) Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic, c) Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, d) the Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, Peoples Republic of China, e) the Sede Boker Campus of the Ben Gurion University, Israel, f) the International Workshop of Soil Physics and the Nexus of Food, Energy and Water, Shenyang, China, and g) North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC. About 165 students participated in these short courses. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Research findings were disseminated via refereed journal publications, conference proceedings, and a number of presentations at national and international meetings (see publication section below). HYDRUS models have been updated with several new capabilities and options that have been developed for various research projects. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We will continue to expand the capabilities of the HYDRUS modeling environment by developing specialized modules for more complex applications that cannot be solved using its standard versions. In particular, we are planning to develop and overland flow module that would be capable of simulating processes at the soil surface interface. This should include not only water, but also various contaminants and particles (e.g., bacteria, colloids). Additionally, we also want to improve our capability in simulating attachment/detachment processes for bacteria, colloids, and/or nanoparticles under hydrologically and chemically transient conditions.

    Impacts
    What was accomplished under these goals? We continue to expand the capabilities of the HYDRUS modeling environment by developing specialized modules for more complex applications that cannot be solved using its standard versions. The standard versions of HYDRUS, as well as its specialized modules, have been used by myself, my students, and my collaborators in multiple applications described below. The Use of Hydrus Models to Evaluate Various Irrigation and Fertigation Problems - Agricultural Applications Phogat et al (2017a) used HYDRUS-2D to evaluate crop coefficients, water productivity, and water balance components for wine grapes irrigated at different deficit levels by a sub-surface drip. The impact of deficit irrigation on berry juice composition (Brix, pH and titratableacidity) was lower than the inter-seasonal variability Li et al. (2017a) used experimental field data to assess the spatial distribution of soil water, soil temperature, and plant roots in a drip-irrigated intercropping field with plastic mulch. Aggarwal et al. (2017) used HYDRUS-2D to simulate soil water balance and root water uptake in cotton grown under different soil conservation practices in the Indo-Gangetic Plain. The authors concluded that the Hydrus-2D model may be adopted for managing efficient water use, as it can simulate the temporal changes in SWC and actual transpiration rates of a crop/cropping system. Li et al. (2017b) used HYDRUS-1D to simulate soil water regime and water balance in a transplanted rice field experiment with reduced irrigation. Mallants et al. (2017a) used the UnsatChem module of HYDRUS-1D to asses water quality requirements of coal seam gas produced water for sustainable irrigation. Calculations showed that the use of untreated produced water resulted in a decrease in soil hydraulic conductivity due to clay swelling causing water stagnation, additional plant-water stress, and a reduction in plant transpiration. Mallmann et al. (2017) used HYDRUS-1D to simulate zinc and copper movement in an Oxisol contaminated by long-term pig slurry (PS) amendments. Consideration of root growth and root water uptake processes in HYDRUS-1D simulations improved the description of measured field Zn concentrations. The feasibility of using PS amendments on agricultural Oxisols will be limited by Cu because the soil Cu threshold concentration is exceeded in approximately 30 yr. Karandish and Šim?nek (2017) used HYDRUS-2D to simulate nitrogen and water dynamics under various N-managed water saving irrigation strategies. Various scenarios were defined by combining 11 irrigation levels (0-100%), 8 N fertilization rates (0-400 kg ha−1) and two water-saving irrigation strategies: deficit irrigation (DI) and partial root-zone drying (PRD). The authors concluded that the HYDRUS-2D model, instead of labor- and time-consuming and expensive field investigations, could be reliably used for determining the optimal scenarios under both the DI and PRD strategies. Hydrological Applications Lamorski et al. (2017) used the machine learning method to estimate the main wetting branch of soil water retention curve based on its main drying branch. Slimene et al. (2017) used HYDRUS-2D to evaluate the role of heterogeneous lithology in a glaciofluvial deposit on unsaturated preferential flow. Brunetti et al. (2017) used a surrogate model, i.e., the kriging technique, to approximate the deterministic response of HYDRUS-2D, and to simulate the variably-saturated hydraulic behavior of a contained stormwater filter. Surrogate modeling focuses on developing and using a computationally inexpensive surrogate of the original model. The main aim is to approximate the response of an original simulation model, which is typically computationally intensive. Mallants et al. (2017b) used various modules (e.g., UnsatChem, HP1) of the HYDRUS-1D to demonstrate possible applications of the software to the subsurface fate and transport of chemicals involved in coal seam gas extraction and water management operations. Liang et al. (2017) adapted the HYDRUS-1D model to simulate overland flow and reactive transport during sheet flow deviations. A hierarchical series of models available in HYDRUS-1D to account for both uniform and physical nonequilibrium flow and transport in the subsurface, e.g., dual-porosity and dual-permeability models, up to a dual-permeability model with immobile water, were adapted to simulate physical nonequilibrium overland flow and transport at the soil surface. Phogat et al. (2017b) used HYDRUS-2D to quantify the long-term stream-aquifer exchange in a variably saturated heterogeneous environment. The model was first calibrated and validated using piezometric heads measured near the stream and then used a) to quantify the long-term dynamics of exchange at stream-aquifer interface and the water balance in the domain and b) to evaluate the impact of anisotropy of geological materials, thickness, and the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the low permeability layer at the streambed, and water table fluctuations on the extent of exchange. Li et al. (2017c) used HYDRUS-2D to simulate the effects of lake wind waves on water and solute exchange across the lakeshore. The sensitivity analysis revealed that the hydraulic conductivity of the lakeshore zone and the characteristics of the waves were important factors influencing water and chloride exchange between the lake and groundwater systems. The simulated results helped us to better understand water and solute interactions in the lake-groundwater system during windy periods. Diamantopoulos et al. (2017) used various FOCUS scenarios, which are used in Europe to assess the potential risk of groundwater to pesticides, in a model comparison study, in which they compared HYDRUS (2D/3D) with PEARL and PELMO. The authors concluded that HYDRUS (2D/3D) can be used as an alternative model for pesticide assessment studies since it provides a conceptual framework consistent with PEARL and PELMO but capable of two- and three-dimensional applications as well. Brunetti et al. (2017) developed a computationally efficient pseudo-3D model for the numerical analysis of borehole heat exchangers. The numerical approach combines a one-dimensional description of the heat transport in the buried tubes of the exchanger with a two-dimensional description of the heat transfer and water flow in the surrounding subsurface soil, thus reducing the dimensionality of the problem and the computational cost.

    Publications

    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Phogat, V., M. A. Skewes, M. G. McCarthy, J. W. Cox, J. Simunek, and P. Petrie, Evaluation of crop coefficients, water productivity, and water balance components for wine grapes irrigated at different deficit levels by a sub-surface drip, Agricultural Water Management, 180, 22-34, doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2016.10.016, 2017a.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Li, X., J. Simunek, H. Shi, J. Yan, Z. Peng, and X. Gong, Spatial distribution of soil water, soil temperature, and plant roots in a drip-irrigated intercropping field with plastic mulch, European Journal of Agronomy, 83, 47-56, doi: 10.1016/j.eja.2016.10.015, 2017a.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Zhang, M., S. A. Bradford, J. Simunek, H. Vereecken, and E. Klumpp, Roles of cation valance and exchange on the retention and colloid-facilitated transport of functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes in a natural soil, Water Research, 109, 358-366, doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.11.062, 2017a.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Mark, N. W., J. D. Arthur, K. M. Dontsova, M. L. Brusseau, S. Taylor, and J. Simunek, Column transport studies of 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO) in soils, Chemosphere, 171, 427-434, doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.12.067, 2017.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Zhang, M., I. Engelhardt, J. Simunek, S. A. Bradford, D. Kasel, A. E. Berns, H. Vereecken, and E. Klumpp, Co-transport of chlordecone and sulfadiazine in the presence of functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes in soils, Environmental Pollution, 221, 470-479, doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.12.018, 2017b.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Aggarwal, P., R. Bhattacharyya, A. K. Mishra, T. K. Das, J. Simunek, P. Pramanik, S. Sudhishri, A. Vashisth, P. Krishnan, D. Chakraborty, and K. H. Kamble, Modelling soil water balance and root water uptake in cotton grown under different soil conservation practices in the Indo-Gangetic Plain, Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 240, 287-299, doi: 10.1016/j.agee.2017.02.028, 2017.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Lamorski, K., J. Simunek, C. Slawinski, and J. Lamorska, An estimation of the main wetting branch of soil water retention curve based on its main drying branch using the machine learning method, Water Resources Research, 53, pp. 14, doi: 10.1002/2016WR019533, 2017.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Li, Y., J. Simunek, S. Wang, J. Yuan, and W. Zhang, Modeling of soil water regime and water balance in a transplanted rice field experiment with reduced irrigation, Water, 9(4), 248, 14 pp, doi: 10.3390/w9040248, 2017b.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Sasidharan, S., S. A. Bradford, J. Simunek, S. Torkzaban, and J. Vanderzalm, Transport and fate of viruses under managed aquifer recharge conditions in a carbonate aquifer, Journal of Hydrology, 555, 724-735, doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.10.062, 2017.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Arthur, J. D., N. W. Mark, S. Taylor, J. Simunek, M. L. Brusseau, and K. M. Dontsova, Batch soil adsorption and column transport studies of 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN) in soils, Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 199, 14-23, doi: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2017.02.004, 2017.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Brunetti, G., J. Simunek, M. Turco, and P. Piro, On the use of surrogate-based modeling for the numerical analysis of Low Impact Development techniques, Journal of Hydrology, 548, 263-277, doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.03.013, 2017.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Mallants, D., J. Simunek, and D. Torkzaban, Determining water quality requirements of coal seam gas produced water for sustainable irrigation, Agricultural Water Management, 189, 52-69, doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2017.04.011, 2017a.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Mallants, D., J. Simunek, M. Th. van Genuchten, and D. Jacques, Simulating the fate and transport of coal seam gas chemicals in variably-saturated soils using HYDRUS, Special Issue Water and Solute Transport in Vadose Zone, Water, 9, 385, 34 pp., doi: 10.3390/w9060385, 2017b.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Liang, J., S. A. Bradford, J. Simunek, A. Hartmann, Adapting HYDRUS-1D to simulate overland flow and reactive transport during sheet flow deviations, Vadose Zone Journal, 16(6), pp. 18, doi: 10.2136/vzj2016.11.0113, 2017.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Slimene, E. B., L. Lassabatere, J. Simunek, T. Winiarski, and R. Gourdon, The role of heterogeneous lithology in a glaciofluvial deposit on unsaturated preferential flow  a numerical study, Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics, 65(3), 209-221, doi: 10.1515/johh-2017-0004, 2017.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Phogat, V., N. J. Potter, J.W. Cox, and J. `im?nek, Long-term quantification of stream-aquifer exchange in a variably saturated heterogeneous environment, Water Resources Management, 31(13), 4353-4366, doi: 10.1007/s11269-017-1752-0, 2017b.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Li, Y., J. `im?nek, S. Wang, W. Zhang, and J. Yuan, Simulating the effects of lake wind waves on water and solute exchange across the lakeshore using Hydrus-2D, Water, 9(8), 566, 18 pp., doi: 10.3390/w9080566, 2017c.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Mallmann, F. J. K., D. R. dos Santos, M. A. Bender, E. Gubiani, M. da Veiga, J. P. G. Minella, F. van Oort, and J. Simunek, Modeling zinc and copper movement in an Oxisol contaminated by long-term pig slurry amendments, Vadose Zone Journal, Special issue "Soil Variability and Biogeochemical Fluxes", 16(10), pp. 14, doi: 10.2136/vzj2017.01.0011, 2017.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Karandish, F., and J. Simunek, Two-dimensional modeling of nitrogen and water dynamics under various N-managed water saving irrigation strategies using HYDRUS, Agricultural Water Management, 193, 174-190, doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2017.07.023, 2017.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Brunetti, G., H. Saito, T. Saito, and J. Simunek, A computationally efficient pseudo-3D model for the numerical analysis of borehole heat exchangers, Applied Energy, 208, 113-1127, doi.: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.09.042, 2017 (IF=7.18).
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Diamantopoulos, E., J. Simunek, C. Oberd�rster, K. Hammel, B. Jene, T. Schr�der, and T. Harter, Assessing the potential risk of groundwater to pesticides  a model comparison, Vadose Zone Journal, 16(11), pp. 13, doi: 10.2136/vzj2017.04.0070, 2017.