Progress 11/03/16 to 09/30/21
Outputs
Target Audience:The target audience is aquaculture stakeholders in Guam, aquaculture community in general, Guam government agencies for aquaculture regulations, and University of Guam students. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?We have provided on-site shrimp aquaculture training for graduate students and undergraduate students at the University of Guam during the reporting period. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Provided service via individual meetings, phone calls, or emails to address issues and answered the questions from the interested stakeholders. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
1. Experimented with husbandry methods and bred for multispecies: shrimp, freshwater prawn. Significant endeavors in terms of shrimp, freshwater prawn breeding are listed as follows. 1.1 During the reporting period, over 100 freshwater prawn families were generated and reared in groups to maintain the genetic diversity and minimize the inbreeding of the existing population. 1.2 Nearly 400 full-sib shrimp families were spawned and individually reared until they reached the sizes suitable for tagging during the past five years. After being physically tagged, shrimp were stocked in the outdoor tanks for growing out. Performance data was collected and analyzed per generation. Based on that, the broodstock candidates were selected for reproduction for the next generations. Disrupted electrical supply and water pump failures occurred frequently. These instabilities led to undesirable fluctuations of water parameters, such as salinity, dissolved oxygen, temperature, and associated pH. They are considered one of the major restrains for the aquaculture development on Guam, which caused significant loss of the valuable seedstock directly derived from the research efforts. 1.3. Selective breeding of fast growth rate and genetic improvement of the reproductive performance without using any live broodstock feed have been carried on continuously. The largest broodstock reached 112 g during this period. 1.4 Investigated the effects of salinity on the grow-out performance and gene expression of 10 families of shrimp, identified the familial difference of shrimp reared in both low and high levels of salinities. Two shrimp families exhibited faster growth in low salinity (2 ppt), while the majority of the shrimp families performed better in the full strength of seawater. 2. Organized an aquaculture workshop, "How to Start Sustainable Aquaculture on Guam," collected the feedback from the participants/local stakeholders in Aquaculture on aquaculture development needs throughout the workshop. Delivered presentations at SPC regional aquaculture workshop/meetings on Guam aquaculture development and health management. Provided support by participating in the Guam Aquaculture Task Force meetings and delivered research updates/inputs to this aquaculture group, consisting of multiple government agencies and aquaculture stakeholders on Guam. 3. Implemented strict biosecurity and conducted health management to produce/maintain the high health status of stocks at the University of Guam hatchery. Routine health surveillance and monitoring regimes were thoroughly applied and carefully executed for the facility and its operations. Shrimp and prawn stocks have remained specific pathogen-free (SPF) from WSSV, IHHNV, TSV, YHV, IMNV, LSNV, CMNV, MrNV, BP, HPV, SMV, AHPND/EMS, EHP, NHP-B, and SHIV/DIV1. The SPF list is much more comprehensive than the OIE list, including all the economically significant pathogens, both known and emerging ones. 4. Provided high-health frys or fingerlings for backyard farms/operations and several aquaponics projects on the island. 5. Developed curriculum and taught two aquaculture courses at the University of Guam, one undergraduate course, Science of Aquaculture with lab, and one graduate course, Advances in Sustainable Aquaculture, in the Fall of 2017 and 2021 under the Sustainable Agriculture, Food and Natural Resource graduate program at the University of Guam.
Publications
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Progress 10/01/20 to 09/30/21
Outputs
Target Audience:Aquaculture stakeholders on Guam, government agencies to inform them aboutaquaculture regulations, University of Guam students Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?On-site shrimp aquaculture training was provided for one graduate student and one undergraduate student from the University of Guam during the reporting period. Dr.Hui Gong taught a graduate course, Advances in Sustainable Aquaculture, in Fall 2021 within theSustainable Agriculture, Food and Natural Resource graduate program at the University of Guam. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Provided extension service via individual meetings, phone calls, or emails to address issues and answer the questions from the interested stakeholders. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
1. Experiments with husbandry methods and bred for multispecies: shrimp, freshwater prawn. Major endeavors in terms of shrimp, freshwater prawn breeding are listed below. 1.1 During the reporting period, 60+ freshwater prawn families were generated and reared in groups to maintain the genetic diversity and minimize the inbreeding of the existing population. 1.2 Nearly 200 full-sib shrimp families were spawned and individually reared until they reached the sizes suitable for tagging. After being physically tagged, shrimp were stocked in the outdoor tanks for growing out. Performance data would be collected and analyzed for selecting the broodstock candidates. Disrupted electrical supply and water pump failures occurred frequently. These instabilities led to undesirable fluctuations of water parameters, such as salinity, dissolved oxygen, temperature, and associated pH. They are considered one of the major restrains for the aquaculture development on Guam, which caused significant loss of the valuable seedstock directly derived from the research efforts. The worst incident during the reporting period was a total loss of over 50000 shrimp stocks in 3 growout ponds at one time due to anoxia because of an overnight electrical outage. One pond had over 7000 tagged shrimp comprising 75 families (50g to 90g). 1.3. Selective breeding of fast growth rate and genetic improvement of the reproductive performance without using any live broodstock feed have been carried on continuously. The largest broodstock reached 112g during this period. 2. Continued support tolocal stakeholders in aquaculture by participating in meetings and providing research updates/inputs to the Guam Aquaculture Task Force group, which consists of multiple government agencies and aquaculture stakeholders on Guam. 3. Implemented strict biosecurity measures and conducted health management to produce/maintain the high health status of stocks at the University of Guam hatchery. Routine health surveillance and monitoring regimes were thoroughly applied and carefully executed for the facility and its operations. Shrimp and prawn stocks have remained specific pathogen-free (SPF) from WSSV, IHHNV, TSV, YHV, IMNV, LSNV, CMNV, MrNV, BP, HPV, SMV, AHPND/EMS, EHP, NHP-B, and SHIV/DIV1. The SPF list is much more comprehensive than the OIE list, including all the economically significant pathogens, both known and emerging ones.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Jiang, H.G. 2020. Recent Development of Aquaculture on Guam. The 1st International Sustainable Development Conference (ISDC2020). Nov. 27-28, NPUST Taiwan.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Gomez, R.G., A. DAndrea, H. G. Jiang, 2020. Aquatic Biosecurity Governance in the Pacific Island Region: Status and Trends. World Fisheries Congress 2020, Oct 11-15, Adelaide, Australia.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Jiang, H.G., Channarong, J., Lertluk, N., Akarapong, W. 2021. Microsatellite Techniques in Guams Specific-Pathogen-Free Penaeus Vannamei Stock: Genetic Variance and Parentage Identification. Fisheries and Aquaculture Journal S2: 003.
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Progress 10/01/19 to 09/30/20
Outputs
Target Audience:Existing and prospective aquaculture farmers, government agencies, and other stakeholders on Guam Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?
Nothing Reported
How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Provided extension service via individual meetings, phone calls or emails to address issues and answer questions for the interested stakholders. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Continue research efforts to improve the production of high-quality aquaculture seed stocks and maintain their specific pathogen-free or high health status. It is vital to promote Guam's local and regional aquaculture development during COVID-19 pandemics.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
1. Experimented with husbandry methods and bred for multispecies: shrimp, tilapia, and freshwater prawn. Significant accomplishments were achieved in terms of shrimp, tilapia, and freshwater prawn breeding. 1.1 A total of forty freshwater prawn families from 2019 were sorted for mating in 2020. Among them, twelve families finished their role as broodstocks according to mating design, and twenty-eight families were tagged and then held together for rearing in one raceway. Thirty-seven spawns were successfully generated and reared individually until the sizeable postlarval stage for selection and physical tagging. During the intensive and complex larval rearing process of Macrobrachium rosenbergii, multiple environmental and nutritional factors could interactively affect larvae production's overall performance. Based on the results of various larval rearing trials, appropriate feeding of newly hatched live artemia at least twice a day and other feedings with formulated dry larval feed were proven essential to support the larval development and boost the survivability of freshwater prawn larvae. 1.2. In terms of the breeding efforts with Penaeus vannamei, shrimp broodstocks were sorted by familial code. Grow-out performance data were recorded and analyzed to design for breeding, ranging from 77% to 90% shrimp in each family were survived from juvenile to broodstock size (41.4 g to 64.6 g). According to the mating matrix, over 160 spawns were initially created employing either natural mating or artificial insemination during the reporting period, and 33.3% to 52.78% of all shrimp families went through to postlarval stage after their fertilized eggs were properly hatched. Among fifty-nine families that reached postlarval stages, the overall survival rate was 15% on average.Because this parameter varied mainly depending on the genetic background, batch number, stocking density, and mostly unstable rearing conditions. Disrupted electrical supply issues and fluctuating water parameters such as salinity, dissolved oxygen, temperature, and associated pH problems were the leading causes of some shrimp families' loss during the early stages. After the physical elastomer tagging was performed on the sixth abdominal segment, shrimp juveniles of similar size/age could be stocked and reared in the same pond or raceway system to evaluate the family specific grow-out performance further. 1.3. Several tilapia strains were reared separately in the raceways and kept for reproducing new generations. The produced frys served as the sole sources for the aquaculture operations PIC, UOG Triton farm, Seagrant project, House 2, and at least half a dozen backyard farms. 2. Continued to support local stakeholders in Aquaculture by participating in the meetings and providing input to the Guam Aquaculture Task Force group. 3. Implemented biosecurity and conducted health management to produce/maintain high health stocks at the University of Guam hatchery. Strict health surveillance and monitoring regimes were executed for the facility and its operations.Both shrimp and prawn stocks remained specific pathogen-free from WSSV, IHHNV, TSV, YHV, IMNV, LSNV, CMNV, MrNV, BP, HPV, SMV, AHPND/EMS, EHP, NHP-B, and SHIV/DIV1 till present, which was a more completed SPF list than OIE list.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Tan, K., Zhou, M., Jiang, H., Jiang, D., Li, Y., Wang, W., 2020. siRNA-Mediated MrIAG Silencing Induces Sex Reversal in Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Marine Biotechnology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10126-020-09965-4
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Tan, K., Jiang. H., Jiang, D., Wang, W. 2019. Sex reversal and the androgenic gland (AG) in Macrobrachium rosenbergii: A review. Aquaculture and Fisheries. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aaf.2019.11.004
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Progress 10/01/18 to 09/30/19
Outputs
Target Audience:Existing and prospective aquaculture farmers, government agencies, University of Guam students who are interested in aquaculture, and other stakeholders. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Dr. Hui Gong delivered presentations of the health management and aquaculture program of University of Guam hatchery to Pacific Community (SPC) sponsored aquatic disease workshop held in Noumea, New Caledonia and Macronesian Association for Sustainable Aquaculture held in Guam. The audience were mainly government officials in aquaculture and fishery from other pacific islands. I taught "Science of Aquaculture" (AL136) with combination of lectures and labs at University of Guam, aiming at the University students on understanding the principles and practices of sustainable aquaculture from January to May of 2019. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Provided extension service via individual meetings, phone calls or emails to address issues and answer questions for the local community. Results were also disseminated to the aquaculture community by delivering the presentation in workshop, regional and other aquaculture related meetings. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Develop the disease diagnostics capacity on Guam to serve the island and other Pacific islands and improving the health status of stocks by implementing biosecurity and conducting the health surveillance/monitoring regimes.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
1. Experimented with husbandry methods and bred for multispecies: shrimp, tilapia, and freshwater prawn. Different feeding regimes (Combination of microalgae, artemia, and self made and manufactured larval feed) and other larval rearing conditions (aeration level, density, light intensity, and water exchange rates) have been tried depending on the larval stage to improve the quality and quantity of larvae and increase postlarvae production. In overall, there were 33 families of freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) and 46 families of shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) produced during 2019. The growout performance were also evaluated with high stocking density (100 per square meter) vs. medium density (40 per square meter) and low density (25 per square meter) for growing to the broodstock size. The density effect was present for the growth, as 20% higher average weight was achieved in shrimp from the low density pond than those from the high density pond after 8 months stocking. However, the biomass from the high density pond reached 1.9 kg per square meter upon the completion of the 8 month-period with the harvest of over 30 gram shrimp in average. The biggest shrimp reached 92 gram in weight. In addition, several tilapia strains were reared and kept separately and bred to generate the frys and fingerlings which supply to PIC, the UOG Triton Farm and other interested backyard farms. 2. Established contacts for the local stakeholders interested in aquaculture activities. I took part in the Aquaculture Task Force to reinvigorate efforts to develop aquaculture industry according to the executive order signed by Governor Leon Guerrero on April 30, 2019. I was invited and attended Micronesian Association in Sustainable Aquaculture (MASA) Regional Meeting and was sponsored by the Pacific Community (SPC) to participate in the workshop on shrimp diseases and aquatic diseases and established contacts of the government agencies in aquaculture and fisheries fields. Collaborated with Delos Santos from Palau community college for mangrove crab larval rearing project. 3. Implemented biosecurity and conducted health management for producing/maintaining high health stocks at university of Guam hatchery. The shrimp/prawn stock have been under strict health surveillance and monitoring regimes for species specific diseases, and remain specific pathogen free status for all the OIE listed pathogens and known emerging diseases from the Asia, the world center of aquaculture.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Delos Santos, M., Gong, H., 2018. Domestication of mangrove crab, Scylla serrata in Palau: Larval rearing and nursery experience. Aquaculture Magazine 44 (6), 70-73.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Awaiting Publication
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Tan, K., Jiang. H., Jiang, D. ,Wang, W. (In Press) Sex reversal and the androgenic gland (AG) in Macrobrachium rosenbergii: A review. Aquaculture and Fisheries.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aaf.2019.11.004
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Progress 10/01/17 to 09/30/18
Outputs
Target Audience:Existing and prospective aquaculture farmers, UOG students and other interested stakeholders for aquaculture. Changes/Problems:There were seven major pump break-downs/failures caused by fluctuating power supply mostly due to the recurring tropical storms and subquent electricity outages on Guam. Among them, two were for the freshwater pumps and five were for the saltwater deep well pumps. All the pumps were not only costly, but also very difficult to find the replacement on island in a timely manner. It ususally take weeks or months to get the replacement from off-island vendors. Because of this persistent problem, there have been up to several weeks without new water going to the rearing system when all the back up pumps run out, replacement pump not yet arrive. Mortality of the aquatic stocks occured sometimes, although routine management regimes were adjusted to cope with the crisis. The survived animals were significantly stressed under the circumstances. It took long time from these aquatic organisms to recover after the water intake resumed. Option of renewable energy as alternative source of power supply needs to be looked into. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Taught "Science of Aquaculture" (AL136) with lab at University of Guam from Jan to May of 2018, aiming to help the University students better understand the principles and practices of sustainable aquaculture. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Provided extension service via individual meetings, phone calls or emails to address issues and answer questions for the local community. Results were also disseminated to the aquaculture community by delivering the articles at Aquaculture Magazine to a larger aquaculture community. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Continue the efforts of producing and maintaining specific pathogen free or high health status of the aquatic stocks while implementing biosecurity and conducting the health surveillance/monitoring regimes.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
1. Experimented with husbandry methods and bred for high health freshwater prawn Both green water system and recirculating system were experimented in the larval rearing of M. rosenbergii. Eight runs of larval rearing trials of M. rosenbergii were conducted in 12 ppt green water system, all of which were unsuccessful in completing all the larval stages, mainly due to the fluctuation of various water parameters, such as temperature, salinity, pH, ammonia, and nitrite concentrations in the water. The probiotics was also applied to improve the water quality during the larval rearing process in some trials. In some cases, it resulted in gettig the prawn larvae up to developmental stage V, however not beyond the fifth stage. A small scale recirculating system was established by installing a 3-ton fiberglass tank coupled with a 30 gallon trash bin filled gravel medium serving as the physical and biological filter. The newly developed recirculation system was innoculated with nitrifying bacteria by introducing two adult Tilapia individuals (2 lb) in the tank for 40 days or so prior to the stocking of the nauplii into the tank. The larvae were fed continously via automatic feeders at night, in the water covered by plastics and heated with submersible heater, as well as other regular and frequent tank management routines. After a couple of runs, 50% survival rate was achieved and postlarvae were generated out of this self-made recirculating system. 2. Serving the local stakeholders who are interested in aquaculture activities and for educational purpose. There were multiple inquiries via phone calls, and e-mails with regards to potentially starting up shrimp farms or aquaculture operations. Meetings were set up with interested groups to provide technical assistance and advice. In order to serve the community and fulfill the educational purposes, the high health aquatic stock were provided to a few interested stakeholders for tryout, as well as to the college students in the aquaculture lab as the experimental animals in the aquarium to have hand-on experience in learning various aspects of growout management in aquaculture. 3. Implemented biosecurity rules and conducted health management in maintaining high health status of stocks at university of Guam hatchery. In addtion to the implementation of biosecurity rules for the daily operation in UOG hatchery, operational record review and health surveillance/monitoring of the aquatic stocks were also regularly performed. Over 200 representative shrimp/prawn samples were collected from the facility and dignosed via both hispathology and PCR (RT-PCR) tests for specific pathogens. Shrimp stock remained as SPF stock as they were tested free of all OIE and USMSFP listed pathogens, in addition to other newly emerging pathogens in the sourtheastern Asia, such as EHP, SMV etc.
Publications
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Gong, H., 2018. Diseases of Freshwater Prawn Macrobrachium Rosenbergii. Aquaculture Magazine 44(2), 58-60.
Gong, H., 2017. How Does Penaeus vannamei Cope with Low Salinity Water? Aquaculture Magazine 43 (5), 68-70.
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Progress 11/03/16 to 09/30/17
Outputs
Target Audience: Aquaculture farmers (current and interested), UOG students and stakeholders Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Conducted "Aquaculture Forum & Workshop: How to Start Sustainable Aquaculture on Guam" from May 26-27, 2017 at College of Natural and Applied Science, University of Guam. Taught GE course "Science of Aquaculture" at University of Guam. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Provided extension service via workshop, meetings and phone conversations to address issues and answer questions for the local community. Results were also disseminated to the aquaculture community by delivering presentation at world aquaculture society conference to a larger aquaculture community. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Continue the efforts of producing and maintaining the specfic pathogen free or high health status of the aquaculture stocks by implementing biosecurity and conducting the health surveillance/monitoring regimes.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
1 Investigated the salinity effects on the growout performance and gene expression in 10 families of Penaeus vannamei, and idenfied the familial difference at different salinty levels. Two families could grow faster in low salinity (2ppt), even though the majority of the shrimp families performed better in normal seawater. 2. Established contacts for the local stakeholders interested in aquaculture activities. 3. Experimented with husbandary methods and bred for multispecies: shrimp, tilapia and freshwater prawn. 4. Implemented biosedurity and conducted health managment for producing/maintaining high health stocks at university of Guam hatchery.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Gong, H., T. Huang, Y. Li, X. Dai., 2017. Evaluating Salinity Effect of Production Performance and Gene Expression of Various Families of Penaeus vannamei. World Aquaculture Cape Town 2017, Jun. 26-30.
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