Progress 10/03/16 to 09/30/21
Outputs
Target Audience:The audience includes individuals and entities involved with nutrient management and crop fertilization both within and outside of Arkansas. This includes but not limited to scientists, agricultural extension professionals, crop consultants, fertilizer dealers and their sales and technical staff, farmers, and regulatory agencies. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The project outputs include annual reports summarzing the results of field trials and represent information that may be used in seminars or learned by anyone that reads the annual report. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Yes, the results have been distributed to stakeholders via presentations and Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series reports. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Improving nutrient application recommendations will increase growers' profit margins and protect water resources from the potential environmental impact of nutrient enrichment of waters. Grain sorghum research was discontinued because the low grain sorghum acres resulted in no funding available for grain sorghum research in Arkansas. New information was generated on nutrient removal rates by corn grain, cotton seed, and cotton lint in Arkansas. Fertilizer-P or -K rate did not significantly affect the concentrations of nutrients in corn grain, cotton seed, or cotton lint indicating that within a site fertilization of these crops is unlikely to impact nutrient removal rates unless yields are increased. The concentration of nutrients in corn grain, cotton seed, and cotton lint were different among study sites indicating that factors beyond nutrient availability from fertilization influence grain nutrient concentrations. Site characteristics and crop management may influence nutrient removal rates more than fertilization. The values approximated the nutrient removal amounts per unit of seed used as standard text book values On average, one bushel of corn removes the equivalent of 0.73 lb N, 0.39 lb P2O5, 0.25 lb K2O, and 0.056 lb S on an "as is" basis following oven drying. One bale of cotton lint removes approximately 2.50 lb N, 0.24 lb P (0.55 lb P2O5), and 2.4 lb of K (2.84 lb K2O). Production of 720 lb of seeds removes 27 lb N, 5.7 lb P (13.02.6 lb P2O5), and 8.7 lb K (10.19 lb K2O). Some of the results from corn and cotton fertilization with fertilizer-P and -K rates generated from prior research on this project were summarized by other researchers and published describing the correlation of soil-test P and K and used to check current soil-test-based P and K recommendations for corn and cotton.
Publications
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Progress 10/01/19 to 09/30/20
Outputs
Target Audience:Target Audience for this project are scientists, extension agents, farmers, fertilizer industry, and agricultural consultants. Changes/Problems:As mentioned last year due to unfavorable sorghum prices, the funding was discontinued. Corn and cotton ESN funding was also discontinued due to corporate acquisition and mergers. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?
Nothing Reported
How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results have been disseminated by presentations and Arkansas Agricultural experiment station reserch series reports. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Conduct additional research in 2021. Summerize the data from previous years.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Improving nutrient application recommendations will increase growers' profit margins and protect our water resources from the potential environmental impact of nutrient enrichment of waters. The data on corn response to ESN and urea from three studies were summarized and presented at the virtual annual meeting of the American Society of Agronomy. As mentioned in the previous year, due to the lack of funding for grain sorghum and lack of funding for cotton research, we focused on improving corn and cotton fertilization by evaluating nutrient removal rates by these two crops. We measured the nutrients in corn grain samples from 0, 100, and 200 lb K2O/ac or 0, 80, and 160 lb P2O5/ac treatments of a series of fertilizer-P and fertilizer-K experiments conducted in 2017, 2018, and 2019. We did the same for cotton seeds and lint from a series of similar experiments. The data from all experiments were analyzed to evaluate the effect of the experimental site and phosphorus or potassium fertilization rate on corn grain, cotton seed, and cotton lint nutrients. New information was generated on nutrient removal rates by corn grain, cotton seed, and cotton lint in Arkansas. Fertilizer-P or -K rate did not significantly affect the concentrations of nutrients in corn grain, cotton seed, or cotton lint, even though fertilization had increased the corn grain and seedcotton yield at several sites. The concentration of nutrients in corn grain, cotton seed, and cotton lint were significantly influenced by the study site. This suggests that site characteristics and crop management practices may influence nutrient removal rates. On average, one bushel of corn removes the equivalent of 0.73 lb N, 0.39 lb P2O5, 0.25 lb K2O, and 0.056 lb S on an "as is" basis following oven drying. One bale of cotton lint removes approximately 2.50 lb N, 0.24 lb P (0.55lb P2O5), and 2.4 lb of K (2.84 lb K2O). Production of 720 lb of seeds removes 27 lb N, 5.7 lb P (13.02.6 lb P2O5), and 8.7 lb K (10.19 lb K2O). The information from this work can be used by growers to make more informed decisions on their corn and cotton fertility practices. It also can be incorporated into the soil test based fertilizer recommendation to improve current fertility recommendations.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Mozaffari, M., 2020. Corn response to urea and ESN in representative silt loams. Poster presentation at the International Annual Meetings of the American Society of Agronomy (virtual). Nov. 08-11. 2020.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Mozaffari, M., 2020. Evaluation of four methods of lime requirement determination. Poster Presentation at the International Annual Meetings of the American Society of Agronomy (virtual). Nov. 08-11. 2020.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Mozaffari, M., C. E. Wilson Jr., J. M. Hedge, G. Mann, S. W. Runsick, K. M. Perkins, S. W. Runsick, A. M. Sayger, and R.A. Wimberley. (accepted). Nutrients Concentrations in corn grain and cotton seed and lint in Arkansas In: N. A. Slaton (ed.) W. E. Sabbe Arkansas Soil Fertility Studies 2020. Ark. Agric. Exp. Stn. Res. Ser. xxx: xx-xx. Fayetteville,
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Mozaffari, M, C. E. Wilson Jr., Z. M. Hays, A. B. Beach, E. G. Brown, L. R. Martin, and S. Hayes. 2020. Effect of soil-applied phosphorus and potassium on seedcotton yield in Arkansas In: N. A. Slaton (ed.) W. E. Sabbe Arkansas Soil Fertility Studies 2019. Ark. Agric. Exp. Stn. Res. Ser. 666: 47-50. Fayetteville, Ark.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Mozaffari, M., C. E. Wilson Jr., Z. M. Hays, J. M. Hedge, K. M. Perkins, R. A. Wimberley, and A. M. Sayger. 2020. Corn grain yield response to soil-applied phosphorus and potassium in Arkansas. In: N. A. Slaton (ed.) W. E. Sabbe Arkansas Soil Fertility Studies 2019. Ark. Agric. Exp. Stn. Res. Ser. 666: 51-55. Fayetteville, Ark.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
M. Mozaffari, C. E. Wilson Jr., Z. M. Hays, A. B. Beach, E. G. Brown, L. R. Martin, and S. Hayes. 2020. Effect of soil-applied phosphorus and potassium on seedcotton yield in Arkansas In: N. A. Slaton (ed.) W. E. Sabbe Arkansas Soil Fertility Studies 2019. Ark. Agric. Exp. Stn. Res. Ser. 666: 47-50. Fayetteville, Ark.
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Progress 10/01/18 to 09/30/19
Outputs
Target Audience:The target audience are: fellow scientists, agricultural consultants, coopertaive extension service professionals, commercial producers, nutrient management professionals, and other people who deal with soil testing/soil fertility and crop production. Changes/Problems:Funding for objectives 5 and 6 was discontinued in the spring of 2019 due to corporate mergers and buyouts. Consequently we were not able to work on these objectives in 2019. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The project has provided several opportunities for training and professional development. One B.S. degree level program technician was trained in all aspects of conducting replicated field experiments. This included training on criteria for site selection, field plot layout, soil sampling, fundamentals ofexpermental design, field application of experimental treatments, proper protocols for unbiased plant leaf and grain sample collecion, data collection and preliminary data analysis.He also gained experience with supervising hourly employees and interacting withcommercial producers andcooperative extension agents. The on-farm experiments introduced the basic and applied concepts in conducting replicated on-farm experiments and increae their knowledge of soil fertility and nutrient management. This also demonstrated to the growers the value of the researchbeing conducted by the university scientists in generating unbiased technical and scinetific information to improve fertilizer use efficiency. The project also provided the opportunity for three part time students helpers to learn about scientific research and gain hands on experience with propermethods of filed research including soil and plant sampling and analysis. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The results have been disseminated by a variety of means including publications,presentations, county demonstration reports. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We intend to conduct additional research to evaluatecorn and cotton response to crop fertilization in the representative agricultural soils of Arkansas.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
As mentioned in our previous report funding for grain sorghum research was not available in 2019 due to tremendous reduction in market demand/acragefor that crop.In spring of 2019 funding for evaluation of corn and cotton response to Enhanced Efficiency Fertilizer was discontinued due to corporate merger and buyouts. Approximately645,000 acres of corn washarvested in Arkansas in 2018, highlighting the importance of corninregional and global economy.Reliable soil-test-based fertilizer recommendations are the most cost effective tool for applying the right P and or K fertilizer rates. Development of reliable soil-test-based P or K fertilizer recommendation require data from a large number of sites and years. Similar to 2018 weevaluated corn response to P and K fertilization, following the same objectives and approach that we had set for the grain sorghum studies. The new information from thisreserach hasincreased our knowledge and understanding of corn response to P and K fertilization under our corn production conditions. This newly generated information will be used to evaluate and if needed update our current soil test based P and K fertilization recommendations.This will ensure that our recommendations are based on field tested science based information, which will increase the adoption of our recommendations. Applying the right rates of P and/or K fertilizer(s) will enable the growers to maximize their net return from corn production and minimize nutrient losses into the surrounding landscape.In long-term the society will benefit from a secure food supply, sustainable production agriculture, and a clean environment. Objectives 1-4 Phosphorus Experiments: Seven replicated P-fertilization trials were conducted in 2019 at the University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture (UAS-DA) Research Stations in St. Francis, Lee, and commercial farms in Cross, Lonoke, and Monroe Counties in Arkansas. Prior to P application, a composite soil sample was taken from the 0-to 6-inch depth of each replication or the plot that would receive 0 lb P2O5/acre.Soil samples were oven-dried, crushed, extracted with Mehlich-3 solution, and the concentrations of elements in the extracts were measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. Soil pH was measured in a 1:2 (volume: volume) soil-water mixture and particle size analysis was performed by hydrometer method.Phosphorus application rates ranged from 0 to 160 lb P2O5/acre in 40 lb P2O5/acre increments applied as triple superphosphate. The experimental design was a randomized complete block where each treatment was replicated four to five times depending on the location. Phosphorus treatments were applied onto the soil surface in a single application between 19 days before planting to 7-9 days after emergence. On sites where the P was applied before planting, the treatments were mechanically incorporated into the top 3- to 4-inches of the soil. Nitrogen, K, and Zn were blanket applied as recommended by the UAS-DA Cooperative Extension Service recommendations for irrigated corn grain yield goal of 225 bu/acre. At selected sites corn ear-leaf samples were collected at early silk-stage (R1) and grain samples were collected at harvest. Corn-leaf and grain samples were ground to pass a 20-mesh sieve and at the time of preparation of this report are being analyzed for nutrients. The total number of the experimental units for the K tests were 148 test plots.The middle two rows of each plot were harvested either with a plot combine at the research stations or by hand at commercial sites with ears placed through a combine following hand harvest. The calculated grain yields were adjusted to a uniform moisture content of 15.5% before statistical analysis. The soil clay content was 7 to 17%, soil pH ranged 6.1 to 7.3, and Mehlich-3 extractable P ranged12 to 54 ppm. According to the current UAS-DA interpretation, the soil-test P level was Very Low (0-16 ppm) at four locations, Low (16-25 ppm), Medium (26 to 35 ppm), and Above Optimum (>50 ppm) at the other three locations. Phosphorus fertilization significantly increased(P < 0.10) corn grain yield at two sites which had either Very Low or Low Mehlich-3 extractable soil-P levels. At the Very Low P-responsive site, the grain yield of corn that did not receive any P was 140 bu/acre and the yield of corn fertilized with P ranged from 167 to 177 bu/acre. Numerically maximal grain yield was produced by corn fertilized with 120 lb P2O5/acre. At the Low P-responsive site, the yield of the corn that did not receive any P averaged 182 bu/acre and the yields of corn receiving P ranged from 191 to 221 bu/acre. Phosphorus application rate did not significantly influence corn grain yield at the remaining five sites. The lack of response to P fertilization at the site with Above Optimum soil test-P is in line with current UAS-DA fertility recommendation for irrigated corn production. Additional tests are needed to characterize corn response to P fertilization in soils rated Low to Medium. Potassium Experiments: Seven replicated field experiments were conducted in 2019 at the UAS-DA research stations and commercial farms in St. Francis, Lee, Cross, Lonoke, and Monroe Counties. Potassium application rates ranged from 0 to 200 lb K2O/acre in 50 lb K2O/acre increments using muriate of potash at all but one sites where 0 to 200 lb K2O/acre were applied at 40 lb K2O/acre increments. Experimental protocols were similar to the P studies described above. The total number of experimental units was150 test plots. The soil clay content ranged 10 to 17% and soil pH ranged 6.0 to 7.2. The average Mehlich-3 extractable K ranged64 to 109 ppm across the sites. According to the current UAS-DA soil-test interpretation, soil-test K was Low (61-90 ppm) at five locations and Medium (91-130 ppm) at the other two locations. Potassium fertilization significantly (P ≤ 0.10) increased corn grain yield at all five Low K testing sites. At K-responsive sites the grain yield of corn that did not receive any K was 98 to 211 bu/acre and the grain yield of corn that was fertilized with any K was 126 to 227 bu/acre respectively. Numerically maximal grain yields were produced by corn treated with 100 to 200 lb K2O/acre. Potassium fertilization did not increase the corn grain yield at the other two sites rated Medium in Mehlich-3 extractable K. The positive response to K fertilization at the five Low K testing sites is consistent with current UAS-DA recommendations for soil-test-based fertilizer-K recommendations. Therefore our current recommendations are suitable for identification of low K-testing soils that need K-fertilization. The results from fertilizer-P and fertilizer-K studies will be added to a database on modern irrigated corn hybrids response to P or K fertilization. The information from the database will be used to evaluate and if needed modify the existing soil-test thresholds and recommendations for fertilizer-P and K rates in Arkansas.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Submitted
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Mozaffari, M., and H. C. Hays. 2019. Effect of a newly developed pelleted papermill biosolids on crop and soil. 9:1-12. Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Submitted
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Mozaffari, M., and H. C. Hays. 2019. Corn and soil response to a recently developed pelletized papermill biosolids. Agricultural Science.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Mozaffari, M. 2019. Corn response to nitrogen source and rate in Mississippi River Delta Region of Arkansas. Presentation at the 35th annual meeting of the Mid-south Association of Wheat and Feed Grain Scientists. Starkville, Mississippi. Aug 5-6, 2019.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Mozaffari, M. 2019. Use of enhanced efficiency fertilizers in corn production in Mississippi River Delta soils. Presentation at the 35th annual meeting of the Mid-south Association of Wheat and Feed Grain Scientists. Starkville, Mississippi. Aug 5-6, 2019.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Mozaffari. 2019. Corn response to urea and organic sources of N in benchmark soils of Arkansas: current research/knowledge and future needs. Presentation at the 2019 International Training Session on Technology Advances in Agricultural Production. August 23, 2019. Keiser, Arkansas.
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Progress 10/01/17 to 09/30/18
Outputs
Target Audience:The audience for this project includes scientists, farmers, crop consultants, fertilizer industry technical and sales professionals, environmental entities, regulatory agencies, extension professionals, and all the other individualsinvolved in various aspects of nutrient management and crop fertilization. Changes/Problems:The grain sorghum research will not be conducted in 2019. The funding for grain sorghum is no longer available due to less than 10,000 acres of land under grain sorghum in 2018. This is due to lack of demand from doemstic and international markets. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The project has provided the opportunity for training a B.S. degree level Research Technician in soil fertility and nutrient management research methodology and field experimentation. Several hourly employees were also trained as field assistants. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The results have been disseminated through presentations at the professional meetings and field days. A conference proceeding, an extended abstract, and publication in Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series publications. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We will continue conducting additional replicated field research in a manner similar to what was reported in here. This will enhance the robustness of our state of knowledge. The funding for grain sorghum research will not be available in 2019 due to very low demand for this crop.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Objectives 1 and 2: Four P-fertilization experiments and four K-fertilization trials were conducted at the University of Arkansas research stations to evaluate modern grain sorghum response to P or K fertilizer rate. Prior to application of fertilizer treatments soil samples were taken from the 0-to 6-inch depth and important soil properties including Mehlich-3 extractable nutrients were measured. All other soil amendments were applied at a rate to ensure that P or K was the only nutrient that was limiting the sorghum yield potential. Standard cultural practices for irrigated grain sorghum were followed. Each experimental treatment was replicated four to five times depending on the location. At selected sites, for both P and K fertilizer rate experiments, we collected whole plant samples at two times, when the sorghum was at 6 leaf stage and at harvest. We also collected grain samples at harvest, processed them and submitted the samples for nutrient analysis to the laboratory. At the time of preparation of this report we are waiting for the results of chemical analysis of whole plant and grain sample. For P experiments soil test P (as measured by Mehlich-3 method) at the site DESB81 was 35 ppm (Medium), at the sites LESB81 and SFSB 87 were 13 and 14 ppm respectively (Very Low) and at the SFSB81 site was 16 ppm ( Low). Sorghum grain yield at DESB81 was not influenced by P fertilization. But it was significantly influenced at LESB81 and SFSB81 by P fertilization. Grain yield of sorghum that did not received any P fertilizer ranged from 50 to123 bu/acre and the grain yield of sorghum that received any P ranged 54 to 135 bu/acre. For K experiments the soil test K at the site MSSB82 was 126 ppm (upper range of Medium) and at the other sides ranged from 94-99 ppm (lower range of Medium). Potassium fertilization significantly influenced sorghum grain yield at the site DESB 82, but not at other sites. Grain yield of sorghum that did not receive any K fertilizer ranged 75 to 125 bu/acre and that of the sorghum fertilized with any K ranged from 83 to 132 bu/acre. At the time of preparation of this report we are waiting for the results of chemical analysis of sorghum leaf and grain samples. Objectives3 and 4: Five replicated P-fertilization trials were established in 2018 at the University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture Research Stations St. Francis and Lee Counties and at a commercial farm in Lonoke County. Prior to P application, a composite soil sample was taken from the 0-to 6-inch depth of each replication or the plot that would receive 0 lb P2O5/acre. Plant available nutrients were measured by Mehlich-3 extraction procedure. Phosphorus application rates ranged from 0 to 160 lb P2O5/acre in 40 lb P2O5/acre increments applied as triple superphosphate. The experimental design was a randomized complete block where each treatment was replicated five times at all sites. All other nutrients were applied at the recommended rates to ensure that P was the only nutrient that was limiting the corn yield. The middle two rows of each plot were harvested either with a plot combine or by hand. Mehlich-3 extractable P ranged from 19 to 43 ppm. According to the current University of Arkansas interpretation, the soil-test P level was Low (16-25 ppm) at the site SFZ87, Medium (26 to 35 ppm) at the sites LEZ81, LOZ81, and SFZ81, and Optimum (26 to 35 ppm) at LEZ85. Phosphorus fertilization significantly influenced (P < 0.10) corn grain yield at only two sites, which had either Low (SFZ87) or Medium (LEZ81) Mehlich-3 extractable soil-P levels. At LEZ81, the grain yield of corn that did not receive any P was 150 bu/acre and the yield of corn fertilized with P ranged from 159 to 175 bu/acre and numerically maximal grain yield was produced by corn fertilized with 120 lb P2O5/acre. At SFZ87, the yield of the corn that received no P averaged 103 bu/acre and the yields of corn receiving P ranged from 114 to 138 bu/acre. Four replicated K fertilizer rate field experiments were conducted in 2018 including trials at the University of Arkansas research stations in St. Francis and Lee Counties and at two commercial production fields. Potassium application rates ranged from 0 to 200 lb K2O/acre in 50 lb K2O/acre increments using muriate of potash. All the other cultural practices were similar to P trials described before. The average Mehlich-3 extractable K ranged from 64 to 120 ppm among the five sites. According to the University of Arkansas soil-test interpretation, soil-test K was Low (61-90 ppm) at sitesCHZ82 and LOZ82, Medium (91-130 ppm) at sites CLZ82 and LEZ86. Potassium fertilization significantly (P ≤ 0.10) affected corn grain yield at CHZ82 and CLZ82, the two sites with Low and Medium soil-test K levels and did not influence grain yield at the other two sites. At CHZ82, the grain yield of corn that did not receive any K was 110 bu/acre and that of corn fertilized with any K ranged from 149 to 174 with the numerically highest yield produced by corn that received 200 lb of K2O/acre. At CLZ82, the grain yield of corn that was not fertilized with K was 141 bu/acre and that of corn receiving any K ranged from 170 to 192 bu/acre. At both responsive sites grain yield of corn fertilized with any K was not significantly different than the other K rates. Objective 5: The ESN or the Environmentally Smart Nitrogen is an enhanced efficiency N fertilizer currently being marketed in Arkansas.A replicated field experiment was conducted at the University of Arkansas Northeast Research and Extension Center in Keiser, AR to evaluate corn responseto pre plant application of urea (100% urea-N) and urea-ESN combination (25% urea-N, 75% ESN-N) in a typical Arkansas clay soil.The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with a factorial arrangement of preplant-applied, urea or urea-ESN combination, each N-source was applied at four rates ranging from 60 to300 lb N/acre in 60 lb N/acre increments, and a no N control was also included.Each treatment was replicated five times.Early season spray drift from outside of the experimental block negatively impacted corn growth, therefore the yields were very low, less than 120 bu/acre, as compared to the state average yield of 180 bu/acre. Therefore meaningful statistical analysis of the data was not possible. Objective 6: Cotton response to urea and an enhanced efficiency N fertilizer, Environmentally Smart Nitrogen (ESN) were evaluated in a manner similar to the corn test described above. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with a factorial arrangement of preplant-applied, urea or urea-ESN combination. The total N application rates ranged 30 to 150 lb N/acre in 30 lb N/acre increments, and a no N control was also included. Due to the very late harvest, because of rains, we have not been able to complete the statistical analysis of the data yet. The preliminary evaluation indicates that cotton responded positively to N application rate. We will complete the statistical analysis of the results and report our findings in the next report.
Publications
- Type:
Other
Status:
Submitted
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Mozaffari, M. 2018. Cotton and soil response to annual potassium fertilization rate. Agricultural Science. 2018. 9:765-775.
Mozaffari, M. Corn and soil response to a recently developed pelletized papermill biosolids. Agricultural Science (accepted).
Mozaffari, M. C. E. Wilson Jr., and H. C. Hays. 2018. Seedcotton yield response to potassium fertilizer application rate in Mississippi River delta region of Arkansas. In Proceedings of the 2018 Beltwide Cotton Conference. San Antonio, Texas. January 4-7, 2018. National Cotton Council. Cordova, TN.
Mozaffari, M. 2018. Cotton response to pre-plant incorporated urea and Environmentally Smart Nitrogen in a representative Arkansas silt loam. In the Proceedings of the 2018 Beltwide Cotton Conference. San Antonio, Texas. January 4-7, 2018. National Cotton Council. Cordova, TN.
Mozaffari, M. 2018. Cotton response to preplant incorporated urea and Environmentally Smart Nitrogen. Presentation at the Beltwide Cotton Conference. Dallas Texas. January 4-7, 2018.
Mozaffari, M., and C. E. Jr. Wilson. 2018. Cotton response to potassium application rate in Mississippi River Delta. Presentation at the Beltwide Cotton Conference. Dallas Texas. January 4-7, 2018.
Mozaffari, M. 2018. Immediate and residual availability of nitrogen from poultry litter in a Mid-south silt loam. 2018. Presentation at the 18th annual meeting of the Mid-south Association of wheat and feed grain scientists. Madison. AL. Aug 10-11, 2018.
Mozaffari, M. 2018. Immediate and residual availability of nitrogen from poultry litter in a Mid-south silt loam. 2018. Presentation at the 18th annual meeting of the Mid-south Association of wheat and feed grain scientists. Madison. AL. Aug 10-11, 2018.
Mozaffari, M. 2018. Toward developing an improved agricultural limestone recommendation for Arkansas soils I. In: N. A. Slaton (ed.) W. E. Sabbe Arkansas Soil Fertility Studies 2017. Ark. Agric. Exp. Stn. Res. Ser. 649:29-32. Fayetteville, Ark.
M. Mozaffari, C. E. Wilson, Jr., N.A. Slaton, H.C. Hays. Y. D. Liyew, S. Runsick., A. G. Carroll, P. Horton, and B. Griffin. 2018. Corn response to soil-applied phosphorus and potassium at multiple locations in Arkansas. In: N. A. Slaton (ed.) W. E. Sabbe Arkansas Soil Fertility Studies 2017. Ark. Agric. Exp. Stn. Res. Ser.649:25-29. Fayetteville, Ark.
Wilson, C. E. Jr., Mozaffari, M. and H. C. Hays. 2018. Cotton response to soil-applied phosphorus and potassium at multiple locations in Arkansas In: N. A. Slaton (ed.) W. E. Sabbe Arkansas Soil Fertility Studies 2017. Ark. Agric. Exp. Stn. Res. Ser. 649:52-56. Fayetteville, Ark.
Mozaffari, M. 2018. Cotton Responds Positively to Urea and Environmentally Smart
Nitrogen in Arkansas. In: F. M. Borland (ed.) Summaries of Arkansas Cotton Research 2017. Ark. Agric. Exp. Stn. Res. Ser. 652:108-110. Fayetteville. http://arkansas-ag-news.uark.edu/research-series.aspx (accessed 8 Dec. 2018).
Mozaffari, M., H. C. Hays, and Z. M. Hays. 2019. Toward developing an improved agricultural limestone recommendation for Arkansas soils II. In: N. A. Slaton (ed.) W. E. Sabbe Arkansas Soil Fertility Studies 2018. Ark. Agric. Exp. Stn. Res. Ser. xxx: xx-xx. Fayetteville, Ark. (submitted).
M. Mozaffari, C. E. Wilson, Jr., Z. M. Hays, and H.C. Hays. 2019. Effect of Soil-applied Phosphorus and Potassium on Corn Grain Yield in Arkansas. In: N. A. Slaton (ed.) W. E. Sabbe Arkansas Soil Fertility Studies 2018. Ark. Agric. Exp. Stn. Res. Ser. xxx: xx-xx. Fayetteville, Ark. (submitted).
Wilson, C. E. Jr., Mozaffari, M. and H. C. Hays. 2019. Cotton response to phosphorus and potassium in Arkansas In: N. A. Slaton (ed.) W. E. Sabbe Arkansas Soil Fertility Studies 2018. Ark. Agric. Exp. Stn. Res. Ser. xxx: xx-xx. Fayetteville, Ark. (submitted).
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Progress 10/03/16 to 09/30/17
Outputs
Target Audience:Soil Fertility Research for Improving Nutrient Management and Fertilization Practices in Arkansas The audience for this project are a multitude of individuals and entities involved with nutrient management and crop fertilization in Arkansas. This includes but not limited to scientists, agricultural extention professionals, crop consultants, fertilizer dealers and their sales and technical staff, commercial producers and regulatory agencies. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Durin the course of the above activities four research and field assistants were trained in theorethical and applied aspects of experimental design, field plot layout, proper protocols for collecting soil and plant sampls. Oneprogram technician (B.S. degree professional) was trained in appropriate methods of field plot harvest, and essentials of preliminary data analysis, including crop yield calculatins, nutrient uptake calculations, and data evaluation. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The results of the reserach conducted to meet the objectives of the project have been disseminated by publications and presentations to the communities of interest as listed in the sec5ion on products. This includes one refereed journal articles accepted for publication, one publication in proceedings of the 2017 Beltwide Cotton Conference. One oral presentation at that conference. Three Arkansas Agricultural Experimet Station Research SeriesReport. Outcomes of the reserach and their implicatins for nutrient mangement and crop fertilization were also communicate to corn producers,crop consultants, and state and federal employees during a well attended (more than 60 participants) Conservation Field Day. One to one communication with the producers, crop consultants, and Cooperative Extension Agents. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?1. Conduct replicated field experiments at several locations to evaluate grain sorghumresponse to P fertilization. 2. Conduct replicated field experiments at several locations to evaluate grain sorghumresponse toK fertilization. 3. Evaluate seedcotton yield response to K fertilization at several sites with a range of soils. 4. Evaluate seedcotton yield response toP fertilization at several sites with a range of soils. 5. Measure corn grain yield and Puptake response to P fertilization. 6. Measure corn grain and K response to K fertilization.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
The three greatest challenges facing agriculture in the 21st century and beyond are: to produce abundant food and fiber, maintain economic viability of crop production, and protect water quality. Improved nutrient management practices and soil test based fertility recommendation are the most effective means for meeting these challenges. The research conducted in this project generatednew information on the effect of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer on yield and nutritional status of high yielding modern grain sorghum. This new information will be used to develope a database that will be used to evaluate (and if needed update) the current soil test-based fertility recommendations for grain sorghum production in Arkansas. The project also produced new information on cotton and corn response to conventional and enhanced effciency N fertilizers in clay soil. This new information is useful for those in production agriculture who may want to consider including the enhanced efficiency N fertilizers in their overall nitroegn management and crop fertility program. Objectives 1 and 2: Four P-fertilization experiments were conducted at the University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture (UASDA) research stations to evaluate modern grain sorghum response to P fertilizer rate on soils typical to those used for grain sorghum production in Arkansas. Prior to application ofP-fertilizer treatments, soil samples were taken from the 0-to 6-inch depth and plant available nutrients, were measured by Mehlich-3 method. Phosphorus fertilizer application rates ranged from 0 to 160 lb P2O5/acre in 40 lb/acre increments.All other soil amendments were applied at a rate to ensure that P was the only nutrient that was limiting the yield potential. Standard cultural practices for irrigated grain sorghum were followed. Each experimental treatment was replicated four to five times depending on the location. We harvested the grain sorghum in the two center rows of each plot with a plot combine and calculated the grain yields at 14% moisture. At selected locations we collected grain samples at harvest and submitted them to the laboratory for nutrients analysis. The soil pH at the experimental sites ranged from 6.3 to 6.9, all soils were mapped as silt loam. Soil test P (as measured by Mehlich-3 method) at two sitesin Desha County and Mississippi Countywas 35 ppm (Medium), at Lee Countywas 19 ppm (Low) and in St Francis County was12 ppm (Very Low).At Desha and Mississippi Counties, the two sites with Medium soil P levels, grain sorghum yields were not significantly influenced by P application rate (P>0.1).Numerically the yield of the sorghum that did not received any P was 46 and 101 bu/acre at Mississippi County and Desha County respectively. The yield of sorghum treated with any P was 39-108 bu/acre. At Lee County, the low testing site, grain yield was not significantly influenced by P application rate (P=0.15). Yield of sorghum that did not receive any P was 35 and yield of the sorghum that received any P ranged 51-57 bu/acre. Phosphorus fertilizer significantly influenced sorghum grain yield at the SFSB71 (the site with Very Low soil test P) despite insect damage to the crop. We have observed similar yield response to P application rate in our studies with corn in Arkansas. The 2017 results shows that current soil test-based P fertilizer recommendations correctly identified soils that will not show any yield benefits from application of P fertilizer. We have recently received the results of nutrient analysis for the grain samples and will summarize and present the results in our next report. Objectives3 and 4: Four K-fertilization trials were conducted at the UASDA research stations to evaluate modern grain sorghum response to K fertilizer rate on representative Arkansas soils. The experimental procedures for the K experiments were similar to the P experiments described above. However,K application rates ranged from 0 to 200 lb K2O/acre at 40 or 50 lb K2O /acre increments. Average soil pH and Mehlich-3 extractable K ranged from 5.9 to 6.6 and 67 to 110 ppm, among the sites. According to the current UASDA soil-test interpretation, soil-test K was Low (61-90 ppm) at Lee and St. Francis County and Medium (91-130 ppm) at the two sites in Desha County.Current fertilization guidelines for grain sorghum with a yield goal of >110 bu/acre would have recommended 100 and 70 lb K2O/acre for Low and Medium soils respectively. Potassium fertilization significantly (P ≤ 0.10) affected grain sorghum yield at one of the site in Desha Countybut not at any other sit. At the K responsive site, grain yield of sorghum that did not receive any K was 101 bu/acre and yield of the sorghum that received any K fertilizer was 107-112 bu/acre. At Lee County,there was a trend of increasing grain yields as the K fertilizer rate increased but the effect of K fertilizer rate was not statistically significant (P>0.1). Unfortunately, sorghum at the St. Francis County (the Low testing site)was damaged by insect and late season foliar disease.The results of grain nutrients analysis had arrived very recently, we will analyze and present them in our next report. Objective 5: The ESN or the Environmentally Smart Nitrogen is an enhanced efficiency N fertilizer currently being marketed in Arkansas.A replicated field experiment was conducted at the University of Arkansas Northeast Research and Extension Center in Keiser, AR to evaluate corn responseto pre plant application of urea (100% urea-N) and urea-ESN combination (25% urea-N, 75% ESN-N) in a typical Akansas clay soil.The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with a factorial arrangement of preplant-applied, urea or urea-ESN combination, each N-source was applied at four rates ranging from 60 to300 lb N/acre in 60 lb N/acre increments, and a no N control was also included.Each treatment was replicated five times.All N-fertilizer treatments were hand applied onto the soil surface and mechanically incorporated immediately into the top 3-4 inches of soil.Nitrogen source and rate both significantly influenced the corn grain yield (P<0.1), however the interaction of N-Source by N-rate did not (P>0.1). The grain yield of the corn that did not receive any N fertilizer was 38 bu/acre. Averaged across the two N sources (urea and urea-ESN) the grain yield of the corn receiving any N fertilizer was 79-149 bu/acre.There was a trend of increasing corn grain yield as the N application rate increased. Averaged across the N rates (60 to 300 lb N/acre) the grain yield of corn fertilized with urea and corn fertilized with urea-ESN were 113 and 127 bu/acre.The yield potential at this site may have been limited by the unfavorable late season weather conditions. Objective 6: Cotton response to urea and an enhanced efficiency N fertilizer, Environmentally Smart Nitrogen (ESN) were evaluated in a manner similar to the corn test described above.The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with a factorial arrangement of preplant-applied, urea or urea-ESN combination.The total N application rates ranged30 to150 lb N/acre in 30 lb N/acre increments, and a no N control was also included.The seedcotton yield of the cotton that did not receive any N was 1894 lb/acre. Nitrogen rate, source, and source by rate all significantly influenced the seedcotton yield (P<0.03). Averaged across the two N sources seedcotton yield of cotton that was fertilized with N any ranged 2529-3025 lb/acre and the maximal seedcotton yield was produced with application of 120 lb N/acre. Averaged across the five N-rates the seedcotton of the cotton fertilized with urea-N and ESN-N were 2720 and 2988 lb acre indicating that under the conditions of this experiment in a clay soil cotton utilized ESN-N more efficiently than urea-N. We will test the reproducibility of these results in future years.
Publications
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Mozaffari, M. 2018. Cotton and soil response to annual application of potassium in a silt loam soil.
Mozaffari, M. 2017. Cotton response to rate and timing of urea and environmentally smart nitrogen. Presentation at the Beltwide Cotton Conference. Dallas Texas. January 4-7, 2017.
Mozaffari, M. 2017. Cotton response to rate and timing of urea and environmentally smart nitrogen at multiple locations. Abstract published in the Proceedings of the Beltwide Cotton Conference. Dallas Texas. January 4-7, 2017.
Mozaffari, M. and N. A. Slaton. 2017. Grain sorghum yield Response to phosphorus and potassium fertilizer application rates in Arkansas. In: N. A. Slaton (ed.) W. E. Sabbe Arkansas Soil Fertility Studies 2016. Ark. Agric. Exp. Stn. Res. Ser. 633:25-28. Fayetteville. http://arkansas-ag-news.uark.edu/pdf/642.pdf (accessed 1 Dec. 2017).
Mozaffari, M. 2017. Effect of Timing and rate of urea and environmentally smart nitrogen on seedcotton yield in Arkansas. In: F. M. Borland (ed.) Summaries of Arkansas Cotton Research 2016. Ark. Agric. Exp. Stn. Res. Ser. 644:97-101. Fayetteville. http://arkansas-ag-news.uark.edu/pdf/644.pdf (accessed 8 Dec. 2017).
Mozaffari, M. 2017. Cotton Responds Positively to Urea and Environmentally Smart
Nitrogen in Arkansas. In: F. M. Borland (ed.) Summaries of Arkansas Cotton Research 2016. Ark. Agric. Exp. Stn. Res. Ser. 644:102-105. Fayetteville. http://arkansas-ag-news.uark.edu/pdf/644.pdf (accessed 8 Dec. 2017).
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