Source: UNIV OF MINNESOTA submitted to NRP
DEVELOPMENT OF METRICS OF RESISTANCE AND RESILIENCE IN FOREST COMMUNITIES IN MINNESOTA THROUGH THE INTEGRATION OF RESEARCH AND EDUCATION
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
MCINTIRE-STENNIS
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1011070
Grant No.
(N/A)
Cumulative Award Amt.
(N/A)
Proposal No.
(N/A)
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Dec 15, 2016
Project End Date
Sep 30, 2021
Grant Year
(N/A)
Program Code
[(N/A)]- (N/A)
Recipient Organization
UNIV OF MINNESOTA
(N/A)
ST PAUL,MN 55108
Performing Department
Forest Resources
Non Technical Summary
As complex interactions between a changing climate and disturbance regime influence current and future composition, forest managers and researchers are challenged to develop management strategies which build or maintain resistance and/or resilience in forest communities. While numerous researchers have defined both of these terms, the definitions are often abstract, difficult to measure, and create ambiguity in forest management planning. It has been proposed that these terms, resistance and resilience, be defined based on the desired future condition (DFC). DFCs describe the future stand based on structure, composition, and function, creating measurable metrics. Resistance at the stand-level has been described as the "influence of structure and composition on disturbance severity;" resilience at the stand-level is defined as the "influence of disturbance on subsequent structure and composition." An additional important term and management option to consider is transition, which incorporates silvicultural decisions that actively enable and promote forests to respond to future changes. By incorporating resistance and resilience into this framework, these terms move from abstract to concrete and measurable. For this framework to be successfully incorporated into silvicultural prescriptions and natural resource planning documents, traditional and alternative silvicultural tools must be critical evaluated in light of predicted environmental changes and disturbance agents.On-the-ground examples with documented results of alternative silvicultural systems and tools are rare since they represent a management risk. Since they are rare, these systems and tools are not incorporated into current management plans, creating a negative feedback. To break the cycle, this project will use a combination of experimental trials and modeled systems to evaluate traditional versus alternative silvicultural systems in two economically and ecologically important forest systems in Minnesota: lowland conifers and pines. Utilizing a framework developed by DeRose and Long (2014), this project will partner with federal, state, and county agencies to explore how measurable metrics of resistance and resilience can be defined, ensuring that management strategies can be quantified and compared. Additionally, these experimental trials will serve as important educational tools as they are used by programs such as the National Advanced Silvicultural Training Program (NASP), which draws participants from across the United States.
Animal Health Component
50%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
(N/A)
Applied
50%
Developmental
50%
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
12306131070100%
Knowledge Area
123 - Management and Sustainability of Forest Resources;

Subject Of Investigation
0613 - Mixed conifer-broadleaf forests;

Field Of Science
1070 - Ecology;
Goals / Objectives
GOALSThis project will provide important information on how alternative silvicultural strategies and tools may increase ecological and economic resistance and resilience to an uncertain future due to climate change. Our results will broaden our understanding of how different forest systems will respond to predicted changes in climate and impacts to forest health. These results will be distributed through traditional academic outlets and educational opportunities like webinars, field tours, and continuing education classes for managers. The integration of research and management will increase the potential for adaptive management strategies to be implemented and documented, providing valuable information in an increasingly uncertain future.OBJECTIVESThe overall objective for this study is to develop measurable metrics of resistance and resilience to climate change and disturbance agents for forest communities within Minnesota. This will be accomplished through experimental trials and modeled forest ecosystems to quantify stand structure, composition, and function using both alternative and traditional silvicultural systems. These results will be used to refine management tools and develop management strategies for an uncertain future. Additionally, these experimental trials will serve as important examples to incorporate resistance and resilience into educational programs.Specific objectives are to:1. Quantify how different silvicultural systems have influenced composition and structure in black spruce (Picea mariana)stands on the Big Falls Experimental Forest2. Assess how alternative silvicultural approaches can increase resistance and resilience to climatic variables and noveldisturbance agents in pine forests across Minnesota3. Integrate resistance and resilience framework into national and regional educational programs
Project Methods
METHODS OF PROCEDURE (APPROACH):Black spruce stand dynamics and productivityThe Big Falls Experimental Forest (BFEF) is located in Kochiching County, Minnesota approximately 80 north of Grand Rapids and is a cooperative agreement between the MN DNR and the US Forest Service Northern Research Station (http://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/ef/locations/mn/big-falls/). Initial work will focus on the remeasurement and analysis of the Compartment Study for Comprehensive Assessment of Silvicultural Systems since it is well replicated and initial sampling is well documented.Utilizing a modified sampling design, permanent plots will be remeasured. Additional data will be collected to document forest health issues, herbaceous and shrubby vegetation cover, and forest growth and productivity. Tree cores will be extracted for dendrochronolgical analysis. Analysis will include repeated measures ANOVA to explore changes in composition, structure, and biomass through time (Foster et al. 2014). Additional analysis will explore the relationship between yearly growth, stand density, and environmental variables following methods described in Magruder and colleagues (2014). Based on these results metrics of resistance and resilience will be developed. These metrics will vary based on the management objectives (i.e. production of pulp vs. wildlife and hydrological function)Resistance and Resilience in pine forests in MinnesotaIncreased jack pine regeneration successThis project will take place on four sites on the Superior National Forest (SNF) in northeastern Minnesota. The SNF has a goal of increasing the coverage of jack pine on its land base. However, recent seeding and planting attempts have had mixed success. They are interested in the potential role of biochar for increasing drought resistance in jack pine seedlings.In winter 2016, four sites were identified that will be planted or seeded to jack pine during the spring of 2016. Three of the sites have been recently harvested and site prepped using a variety of methods. One of the sites is being restored from a wildlife opening to a closed canopy forests. The sites span a range of disturbance histories and soil conditions, creating a gradient. Jack pine seedlings are 1-year old bareroot stock purchased from the MN DNR. The biochar was purchased from Colorado with the main feed source being lodgepole pine. A formal analysis of the biochar composition will occur during 2017.A randomized complete block design will be used across the four sites. At each site there will be three types of soil amendment, two brush control levels, and 15 replicates will be used. The types of soil amendment include a control, 1 liter of compost, and 1 liter biochar-compost mix (1:1). The two types of brush control include an initial control prior to planting and initial control prior to planting with additional control in the following summers. All seedlings will be protected from deer with the use of fencing. Spacing for the trial is 4 m x 4m to decrease edge effect. Planting of the jack pine will occur in mid-May 2016. Planting crews will add the amendments, compost or biochar compost mix, to the seedling hole.After the initial planting, diameter at the root collar and height will be measured for all seedlings. Diameter, height, and survival will be measured in August. Measurements at the beginning and end of the growing season will occur for at least 3 consecutive years. Measurements of water holding potential, soil properties, and allocation of biomass through destructive sampling will follow procedures outlined by Gundale and colleagues (2015). Analysis will include mixed-models and repeated-measures ANOVA to explore impacts of growth, biomass allocation, and changes in soil nutrients and moisture holding capacity.Proactive management approaches for pine forests to a novel insect interactionUsing the Forest Inventory and Analysis Database (FIAD), stand and landscape level risk will be assessed for plots containing pine species within the Lake States. Pine species include red pine (Pinus resinosa), white pine (Pinus strobus), jack pine, and scotch pine (Pinus sylverstris).FIA uses a three phase sampling design (Bechtold & Scott 2005). In Phase 1, remotely sensed data is used to stratify forest versus not forested lands. In Phase 2, field crews visit plots to measure and collect data using a standard forest inventory; data collected includes information on forest type, site attributes, trees species, tree size, and overall tree condition. Phase 3 plots occur on a subset of Phase 2 plots and include greater measurements of forest health, down woody debris, and soil attributes. Phase 3 plots will not be used in this study.The current Phase 2 FIA sampling design consists of four 7.32 m radius subplots, totaling approximately 0.067 ha. On each subplot, a standard forest inventory occurs for overstory trees. Overstory trees are defined as trees greater than 12.7 cm at dbh (diameter at breast height). Each subplot contains a 13.5 m2 circular microplot where saplings, trees between 2.4 cm and 12.7 cm dbh, and seedlings, trees less than 2.4 cm dbh, are measured. O'Connell and colleagues (2015) provide additional details on the sample design.Data will be gathered from the FIAD database for the five most recent sampling years (2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, and 2015) for the states of Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin. For a plot to be included in the dataset, it can only have one condition class and needs to have at least one live pine in the overstory (> 12.7 cm dbh). Data summarization will include metrics of overstory density (ba/ha, TPH, SDI), composition (% of stand BA that is pine, QMD), and structure (diameter distribution). Analysis will include the modification of mountain pine beetle risk rating system used in western North America (Randall et al. 2011).Plots will be assessed for risk. Regression analysis and ordination will explore the relationship between risk levels and site variables. A subset of stands will be modeled using the Forest Vegetation Simulation (FVS) to explore how different silvicultural systems can decrease stand and landscape level risk. This analysis will aid in the development of a landscape level model, which will aim to look at potential for spatial spread using remotely sensed data.Integration of concepts of resistance and resilience into continuing education for silviculturists For the past two years the first module of the National Advanced Silvicultural Program (NASP) has been offered through the University of Minnesota (http://cfc.cfans.umn.edu/outreach/nasp). It will be offered again in 2016 and an enrollment of 30 students per year is expected for the next 5 years. As the Forest Service and other federal agencies have increased their focus on developing management plans which incorporate resistance and resilience to climate change (Climate Change Score Card - http://www.fs.fed.us/climatechange/advisor/scorecard.html), there needs to be increased integration between researchers and managers. The NASP module is one opportunity to increase this integration.

Progress 12/15/16 to 09/30/21

Outputs
Target Audience:The target audience for the work as been applied researchers and natural resource managers working within forest systems. Through multiple outlets including peer reviewed publications, webinars, posters, and hosted workshops, I have shared my researcher with numerous stakeholder and other researchers locally, regionally, nationally, and internationally. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? The projects have supported multiple graduate students, researchers, and undergraduate students. Some individuals were able to work as an undergraduate student and then transition into graduate level programs both within the University of Minnesota and outside. Graduate students and the researcher have had the opportunity to present results at local, regional, and national conferences. The NASP module allows for federal employees and graduate and undergraduate students in my lab to interact; this allows for informal discussions regarding research and also professional career paths in forestry. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? While covid continued to limit in person gathering including conferences, researcher was shared by myself and my students at local, regional, and national outlets through oral and poster presentations. Students shared their work at local conference which was a joint conference hosted by Sustainable Forests Education and Minnesota Society of American Foresters Cooperative which hosts 100+ natural resource managers for a three day long workshop on research. Results were shared with national audience at the National Soceity of American Forester Confernece and Internationally at the Intenational Boreal Forest Conference. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? I will document specific accomplishments related to each of the three objectives over the life time of the project 1. Our work in black spruce silviculture and ecology has been met with huge amounts of excitement my managers and researchers. This was an understudied system and there has been multiple gains in terms of increased understanding of stand development with and without disturbance, growth and yield, and potential management strategies. Through this work we have been able to leverage additional funding to continue our work within lowland systems. Specific examples of research produced include the first stemmed mapped data set of the impact of eastern spruce dwarf mistletoe and a re-sampling of a long-term study to produce 50 year results, capturing a huge benefit of long-term data. Within the last recording period, we are finishing up data collection on black spruce and the impact of black spruce and eastern spruce drawf mistletoe. This included a paper on the validation of model to predict eastern spruce dwarf mistletoe - we found the previous model to only be 50% accurate. We are working on utilizing alternative modeling techniques to improve predictive potential. We have also stemmed mapped stands impacted and not impacted by eastern spruce dwarf mistletoe to explore stand development processes from this disturbance. Finally, we have post harvest data on management activities related to black spruce harvesting to exploring early seedling development and regeneration. 2. This project broadly included aspects related to pine forests and climate adaptation. I have published the first paper on mountain pine beetle susceptibility in the Great Lake Region to consider proactive management strategies. Additionally, we have established several biochar experiments to consider how biochar may be able to increase carbon storage in soils and increase water holding capacity for forest seedlings. We have been able to leverage our initial experiments into two NIFA funding proposals to continue this work. Finally, we collected additional data on our climate adaptation projects across the state including the first urban affiliate project of the Adaptative Silviculture for Climate Change (ASCC) project located in Crosby Farms Regional Park in Saint Paul Minnesota. The ASCC project represents the first urban silviculture climate adaption project within the network. We have 18 different tree species from 3 different planting zones replicated in an urban park. Students, volunteers, and members of my lab participated in measuring the almost 1,200 seedlings at the end of the growing season. We will be analyzing growth and survival for many species which have limited data on them. 3. The National Advanced Silviculture Program (NASP) has been offered annually since 2017, resulting in more than 175 federal employees passing through the Ecological Module at the University of Minnesota. Students are from the Forest Service, BLM, and multiple tribal governments. We continue to work through different modes of delivery with COVID.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2021 Citation: Carter, D. R., Bialecki, M. B., Windmuller-Campione, M., Seymour, R. S., Weiskittel, A., & Altman, J. (2021). Detecting growth releases of mature retention trees in response to small-scale gap disturbances of known dates in natural-disturbance-based silvicultural systems in Maine. Forest Ecology and Management, 502, 119721.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2021 Citation: Patton, S. R., Russell, M. B., Windmuller-Campione, M. A., & Frelich, L. E. (2021). White-tailed deer herbivory impacts on tree seedling and sapling abundance in the Lake States Region of the USA. Annals of Forest Science, 78(4), 1-11.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2021 Citation: Goeking, Sara A., and Marcella A. Windmuller-Campione. "Comparative species assessments of five-needle pines throughout the western United States." Forest Ecology and Management 496 (2021): 119438.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2021 Citation: Gray, E. R., Russell, M. B., & Windmuller-Campione, M. A. (2021). The Difficulty of Predicting Eastern Spruce Dwarf Mistletoe in Lowland Black Spruce: Model Benchmarking in Northern Minnesota, USA. Forests, 12(7), 843.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2021 Citation: Windmuller-Campione, M. A., DeRose, J., & Long, J. N. (2021). Landscape-Scale Drivers of Resistance and Resilience to Bark Beetles: A Conceptual Susceptibility Model. Forests, 12(6), 798.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2017 Citation: Windmuller-Campione, M. A., Page Jr, D. H., & Long, J. N. (2017). Does the practice of silviculture build resilience to the spruce beetle? A case study of treated and untreated spruce-fir stands in Northern Utah. Journal of Forestry, 115(6), 559-567.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2017 Citation: Windmuller?Campione, M. A., & Carter, D. R. (2017). Active learning using smart phones in a flipped classroom: A case study on developing final videos in silviculture. Natural Sciences Education, 46(1), 1-9.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2017 Citation: Llorente, I. D. P., Hoganson, H. M., Carson, M. T., & Windmuller-Campione, M. (2017). Recognizing spatial considerations in forest management planning. Current Forestry Reports, 3(4), 308-316.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2018 Citation: Patton, S. R., Russell, M. B., Windmuller-Campione, M. A., & Frelich, L. E. (2018). Quantifying impacts of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus Zimmerman) browse using forest inventory and socio-environmental datasets. PloS one, 13(8), e0201334.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2018 Citation: Anderson, B. D., Russell, M. B., Windmuller-Campione, M. A., Palik, B. J., & Kastendick, D. N. (2018). Development and evaluation of black spruce (Picea Mariana (Miller) BSP) diameter increment models across silvicultural treatments in Northern Minnesota, USA. Forests, 9(12), 747.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2018 Citation: Windmuller-Campione, M. A. (2018). Assessing the future susceptibility of mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) in the Great Lakes Region using forest composition and structural attributes. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 48(4), 451-459.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2018 Citation: Long, J. N., Windmuller-Campione, M., & DeRose, R. J. (2018). Building resistance and resilience: Regeneration should not be left to chance. Forests, 9(5), 270.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2020 Citation: Host, T. K., Russell, M. B., Windmuller-Campione, M. A., Slesak, R. A., & Knight, J. F. (2020). Ash Presence and Abundance Derived from Composite Landsat and Sentinel-2 Time Series and Lidar Surface Models in Minnesota, USA. Remote Sensing, 12(8), 1341.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2020 Citation: Russell, M. B., Windmuller-Campione, M. A., Anderson, B. D., & David, A. J. (2020). Assessing and modeling total height and diameter increment of ponderosa pine planted in Minnesota, USA. New Forests, 51(3), 507-522.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2020 Citation: Brandt, Leslie A., Michael Sertle, Heath Hamilton, Chad Deaton, Karen Mangan, Christopher W. Swanston, Mary Hammes et al. "Adapting bottomland hardwood forests to a changing climate." In In: Pile, Lauren S.; Deal, Robert L.; Dey, Daniel C.; Gwaze, David; Kabrick, John M.; Palik, Brian J.; Schuler, Thomas M., comps. The 2019 National Silviculture Workshop: a focus on forest management-research partnerships. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-193. Madison, WI: US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station: 159-162., pp. 159-162. 2020.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2021 Citation: Skay, R., Windmuller-Campione, M. A., Russell, M. B., & Reuling, L. F. (2021). Influence of eastern spruce dwarf mistletoe on stand structure and composition in northern Minnesota. Forest Ecology and Management, 481, 118712.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2019 Citation: Patton, S. R., Russell, M. B., Windmuller-Campione, M. A., & Edgar, C. B. (2019). Modeled diameter growth response to intermediate treatments of planted white spruce (Picea glauca) affected by eastern spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana) in Minnesota, USA. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 49(12), 1633-1637.
  • Type: Other Status: Accepted Year Published: 2019 Citation: Windmuller-Campione, M. A., Russell, M. B., Sagor, E. S., & Rodman, M. G. (2019). Current status and trends of silvicultural and forest health practices in Minnesota: A 2017 assessment.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2020 Citation: Anderson, B. D., Windmuller-Campione, M. A., Russell, M. B., Palik, B. J., & Kastendick, D. N. (2020). Short-and Long-Term Results of Alternative Silviculture in Peatland Black Spruce in Minnesota, USA. Forest Science, 66(2), 256-265.


Progress 10/01/19 to 09/30/20

Outputs
Target Audience:My research is continuing to reach my target audience: forest managers and researchers in applied forest management locally, regionally, and nationally. During the last reporting period, I was one of the lead researchers (collaboration with US Forest Service, Mississippi Park Connection (non-profit) to establish the first urban affliated Adaptive Silviculture for Climate Change Site at a regional park in Saint Paul, Minnesota. This park has 100,000's of visitors annually (potentially even more so with COVID) creating a huge platform to highlight applied forest management techniques for climate change to not only forest managers but the general public and policy makers. The National Advanced Silviculture Program (NASP) was delivered online which provided the oppertunity to have worked with over 26 different federal forests (Forest Serviceand BIA) and multiple different tribal organizations (BLM). Additionally, since it was online I was able to connect with the Regional Silviculturists, continuing to build my network. Finally, I have successfully produced 7 peer-reviewed publication, 3 conference papers, and 1 techincal report on top of multiple poster and oral presentations ensuring the ability of my research to reach my target audience. Changes/Problems:No changes to report. All field work was able to be completed during COVID. There has been a reduction in presentions, conferences, and field experiences due to COVID. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?These projects have had the opportunities to support one researcher (Micheal Tuma), 1 PhD student (Ella Gray), 2 MS students (Alexander Gorman, Mathew Lochner), and several undergraduate students. Graduate students and the researcher have had the opportunity to present results at local, regional, and national conferences. The NASP moduleallows for federal employees and graduate and undergraduate students in my lab to interact; this allows for informaldiscussions regarding research and also professional career paths in forestry. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results have been shared at local, regional, and national outlets through oral and poster presentations. Students presented research on black spruce and biochar and pine at the Sustainable Forests Education and Minnesota Society of American Foresters Cooperative which hosts 90+ natural resource managers for a day long workshop on research. Due to COVID many conferences were moved online which included National Society of American Foresters and Upper Midwest Invasive Species Conference. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?1. I will work with Gray and Skay to publish the dendrochronology work from the Big Falls Experimental Forests and work with Gray to publish two papers on dwarf mistletoe. 2. I will work with Kelso to publish a paper exploring the impacts of biochar on jack pine surival and growth after five years. Lochner will continue to collect data from previous projects and also start a new green house experiment. I will work with Lochner to publish two papers on biochar. 3. We will continue to work to offer a high quality NASP program in 2021

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? 1. The first chapter from Raychel Skay's thesis was accepted for publication in Forest Ecology and Management. Ella Gray has successfully completed a second field season and is currently working on two manuscripts related to peatland forests and dwarf mistletoe - one at the landscape scale with modeling and one at the stand scale with successional development with mistletoe. Another student, Alex Gorman started in Fall 2020 but was not able to do field work in 2020 due to COVID 19 complications. 2. We are working on finalizing our first publication (5 years of data) on seedling response to biochar in collaboration with the Superior National Forest. Additionally, we have two other products (future papers) that are part of Mat Lochner's thesis including 4 years of data and the relationship between biochar and irrigation which include soil moisture data and tree physiology measurements and 3 years of data to assess is a broadcast application of biochar influences plant communities. We established two new experiments in the field related to biochar which incldue different torrefecations and feed stocks from biochar and the use of bloodmeal with biochar. We successfully planted over 5,000 seedlings in a climate adaptation project at the Cloquet Forestry Center which included initial and end of the growing season measurements. We are continuing to process the tree core data related to ponderosa pine. 3. NASP 14 was converted to an online experience which included 36 federal and tribal employees from the Forest Service, BLM, and multiple tribal governments. We produced additional online content and also created an assignment where students shared their forests and their management. Finally, we created online content related to forestry field tours and hosted a live field tour to try to recreate the experience of being the field together

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2021 Citation: Sousa, M. J., Jelinski, N. A., Windmuller-Campione, M. A., Williams, A. K., GreyBear, E., Finnesand, K., & Zachman, V. (2020). Long-term recovery of soil carbon stocks and permafrost depth lags recovery of organic layer thickness following fire in black spruce forests of the Copper River Basin, Alaska. Canadian Journal of Forest Research
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Skay, R., Windmuller-Campione, M.A., Russell, M.B., Reuling, L. (2020). Influence of eastern spruce dwarf mistletoe on stand structure and composition in northern Minnesota. Forest Ecology and Management, 481: 118712
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Hammes, M. C., Brandt, L., Nagel, L., Peterson, C., Windmuller-Campione, M., & Montgomery, R. A. (2020). Adaptive Silviculture for Climate Change in the Mississippi National River and Recreation Area, an Urban National Park in the Twin Cities Area, Minnesota. Cities and the Environment (CATE), 13(1), 11.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Host, T. K., Russell, M. B., Windmuller-Campione, M. A., Slesak, R. A., & Knight, J. F. (2020). Ash Presence and Abundance Derived from Composite Landsat and Sentinel-2 Time Series and Lidar Surface Models in Minnesota, USA. Remote Sensing, 12(8), 1341
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: andt, L. A., Sertle, M., Hamilton, H., Deaton, C., Mangan, K., Swanston, C. W., Hammes, M., Nagel, L.M., Peterson, C.L., Looney, C.E., Windmuller-Campione, M.A., Montgomery, R. A. (2020). Adapting Bottomland Hardwood Forests to a Changing Climate., Forest Management -- Research Partnerships: Proceedings of the 2019 National Silviculture Workshop (pp. 159--161).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Windmuller-Campione, M., Sagor, E., Rodman, M., & Sweeney, C. (2020). National Advanced Silviculture Program Region 9 Local Lake States Module., Forest Management -- Research Partnerships: Proceedings of the 2019 National Silviculture Workshop (pp. 155--157).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Gwaze, D., Windmuller-Campione, M., Keyser, T., & Sweeney, C. (2020). National Advanced Silviculture Program: A Panel Discussion., Forest Management -- Research Partnerships: Proceedings of the 2019 National Silviculture Workshop (pp. 124--128).
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Annual Flood Durations Associated with Tree Species in the Upper Mississippi River System Floodplain, with Applications to Forest Restoration. St, Paul: UMN Department of Forest Resources Staff Paper. https://www.forestry.umn.edu/sites/forestry.umn.edu/files/floodplainforestrestorationwhitepaper258.pdf [Non-Refereed]
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Under Review Year Published: 2021 Citation: Sagor, E., Windmuller-Campione, M. A., & Rodman, M. Higher Engagement and Preference for Video vs. Written Content in a Silviculture Short Course. Journal of Extension.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Under Review Year Published: 2021 Citation: Stockstad, A.*, Gray, E.*, Windmuller-Campione, M. A., Kolka, R. K., Sebestyen, S., & Lany, N. Analyzing trends in water table elevations at the Marcell Experimental Forest, Minnesota, U.S.A. American Journal of Undergraduate Research. [Revising]
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Windmuller-Campione, M.A., Russell, M.B., Slesak, R., Lochner, M. Regeneration responses in black ash (Fraxinus nigra) wetlands: Implications for forest diversification to combat emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis). New Forests, 1-22


Progress 10/01/18 to 09/30/19

Outputs
Target Audience:My research is continuing to reach my target audience: forest managers and researchers in applied forest management. During the last reporting periods the audiences reached through my work include those within Minnesota (MN DNR, Federal Foresters and Reseachers, County Foresters, Private Industrial Foresters, and non-profit organizatoins (The Nature Conservatory). At a broader regional and national level, I have worked with over 26 different federal forests (Forest Service and BIA) and multiple different tribal organizations (BLM) through the National Advanced Silviculture Program. Additionally, I have developed a series of online training videos related to silviculture in collaboration with the Sustainable Forests Education Cooperative (reported during the last period) which have now amassed over 10,000 views on YouTube. The YouTube videos are primarly viewed by those in the US but are also reaching audiences in India and other countries. I have continued to grow collobations with applied forest management researchers in Minnesota and nationally. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?These projects have had the opportunities to support 1 post-MS researcher (Brian Anderson), 1 PhD student (Ella Gray), 3 MS students (Sara Kelso, Raychel Skay, and Mathew Lochner), and several undergraduate students. Graduate students and researchers have had the opportunity to present results at local, regional, and national conferences. The NASP module allows for federal employees and graduate and undergraduate students in my lab to interact; this allows for informal discussions regarding research and also professional career paths in forestry. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results have been shared at local, regional, and national outlets through oral and poster presentations. Students presented research on black spruce and biochar and pine at the Sustainable Forests Education Cooperative which hosts 90+ natural resource managers for a day long workshop on research. Information on the NASP program was shared through 2 posters and 1 panel discussion at the National Silviculture Workshop in northern Minnesota in Spring 2019. The workshop included over 200 forest managers and researchers from across the US. One of the posters is being developed into a paper. The other poster and panel discussion will be published in a General Technical Report. One presentation on modeling disease in black spruce was presented at the National Sociey of American Foresters Convention in 2019. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?1. I will work with Gray and Skay to publish the dendrochronology work from the Big Falls Experimental Forests. The additional funding has allowed for more field work and additional projects in various stages of development. We will begin sharing prelimenary results from this new project in the next year. 2. I will work with Kelso to publish a paper exploring the impacts of biochar on jack pine surival and growth after four years. Lochner will continue to collect data from previous projects and also start a new green house experiment. I will work with Mat to ensure experimental design is sound. 3. We will continue to work to offer a high quality NASP program in 2020.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? 1. The second chapter from Brian Anderson's MS thesis was accepted for publication in Forest Science in November 2019. Raychel Skay successfully defended her thesis which included work on dendrochronology of the Big Fall Experimental forest. Additional, climatic analysis needs to happen with the data set which will be picked up by PhD student Ella Gray. Building from this project, I have recieved additional funding from the Minnesota Invasive Terrestrial Plants & Pests Center (MITPPC) at the University of Minnesota to explore how dwarf mistletoe influences stand development and stand management in black spruce stands. This work has funded both students and researchers. 2. Sara Kelso successfully defended her thesis on the influence of biochar on survival, growth, and plant community dynamics in jack pine systems in northern Minnesota. A fourth year of data was collected in fall of 2019 on a growth and survival study and the manuscript is currently in preperation. A third year of data was collected on a biochar and irrigation study. This study will continue and a new MS student, Mathew Lochner, will be exploring underlying mechanisms in a green house study. A second year of data was collected on plant community dynamics. This will continue for another year before final analysis and paper development. A new operational scale study was installed through a NIFA grant to look at biochar's potential to increase productivity in agricultural and forest ecosystems. Data have been collected exploring ponderosa pine growth and yield in Minnesota. The first product was published in New Forests. Additional, analysis on dendrochrology is on going. Plans were developed for a treatment schedule in a recently harvested stand at the Cloquet Forestry Center to explore adaptative management strategies. 3. NASP 13 was offered during the summer of 2018 and had 33 federal employees from three different agencies: Forest Service, Bureau Land Management, and Bureau of Indian Affairs. Online videos were produced in pervious years and are freely available through YouTube and hosted by the Sustainable Forests Education Cooperative. Reviews from NASP13 were very good and we will be planning to host and offer NASP14 in July 2020. Two conference proceeded were produced on the National and Local Modules that I co-direct. An additional journal article on the use of online videos is in review to the Journal of Extension.

Publications

  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Windmuller-Campione, M.A., Russell, M.B., Sagor, E., Rodman, M. (2019) Current Status and Trends of Silviculturlal and Forest Health Practices in Minnesota: A 2017 Assessment. UMN Department of Forest Resources Staff Paper. https://www.forestry.umn.edu/sites/forestry.umn.edu/files/silviculture_survey_staff_paper_2018.v11.pdf
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Russell, M. B., Windmuller-Campione, M. A., Anderson, B. D., & David, A. J. (2019). Assessing and modeling total height and diameter increment of ponderosa pine planted in Minnesota, USA. New Forests, 1-16.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2019 Citation: Patton, S., Russell, M. B., Windmuller-Campione, M. A., & Edgar, C. (2019). Modeled diameter growth response to intermediate treatments of planted white spruce (Picea glauca) affected by eastern spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana) in Minnesota, USA. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, (ja).
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2019 Citation: Anderson, B.D., Russell, M.B., Windmuller-Campione, M.A., Palik, B.J., Kastendick, D.K. Structure and compositional changes after 67 years of alternative silvicultural systems in black spruce forests. Forest Science
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Under Review Year Published: 2020 Citation: Windmuller-Campione, M.A., Russell, M.B., Sagor, E., DAmato, A., Ek. A., Puettmann, K., Rodman, M. The Decline of the Clearcut: Twenty-six years of change in silvicultural practices and implications in Minnesota. Journal of Forestry
  • Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Kelso, S. G. (2019). The Effects of Biochar, Weed Control, and Irrigation on the Growth and Survival of Jack Pine Seedlings and Native Plant Communities in Northern Minnesota, USA (MS dissertation, University of Minnesota).
  • Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2019 Citation: Skay, R.H. (2019). BLACK SPRUCE ALTERNATIVE SILVICULTURAL METHODS AND DWARF MISTLETOE IN NORTHERN MINNESOTA, USA (MS dissertation, University of Minnesota).


Progress 10/01/17 to 09/30/18

Outputs
Target Audience:The discipline of silviculture reaches across disciplinies and across audience. During the last reporting period, audiences reached through my work include forest resource managers and researchers locally (Minnesota), regionally (Great Lakes Region), and Nationally (United States). Colloboration including state organizations (WI DNR, MN DNR), federal (worked with over 20 different national forests (US Forest Service), BIA, BLM, and Army Corp. of Engineers), non-profit (The Nature Conservancy), multiple county land organizations in Minnesota and Wisconsin, and Research and Outreach Centers at the University of Minnesota. I have also been working with the Sustainable Forests Education Cooperative on a series of YouTube videos related to silviculture and forest manament which are freely available to anyone interesting in natural resource management. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?This project is providing training and professional development opportunities for Brain Anderson who is exploring alternative silvicultural treatments in black spruce on the Big Falls Experimental Forest. This project is providing training and professional development opportunities for Sara Kelso who is exploring impacts of biochar on growth and survival of jack pine seedlings and overall plant community dynamics. This project is providing training and professional development opportunities for Raychel Skay and Ella Gray who is exploring regeneration and growth in black spruce forests. This project is providing training and professional development opportunities for Irene de Pellegrin who is assisting in the NASP program. Additionally, this project allowed for multiple undergraduate students to be hired as field technicians. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results from this work were shared with forest resource managers in the Upper Lake States Region at the Sustainable Forests Education Cooperative Wildlife Research Review on January 2018, Cloquet, MN (90+ participants, Extension educators, industry, state, county, and federal foresters). Presentations were made for local natural resource managers at a Climate Adaptation Workshop co-hosted by UMN, SFEC, and NIACS in summer 2018 (20 participants). Presentations were made at Wisconsin SAF. Additional five oral presentations on this work were given at the National Society of American Foresters convention on Octobter 2018, Portland, Oregon. The audience included forest managers and researchers from state, private, county, and federal organizations. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?1. We will be planning to preperare at least two more journal articles on the Big Falls Experimental Forests. I will also begin to work with researchers in potentially developing a new large scale experiment in black spruce to explore alternative silvicultural systems. 2. Sara Kelso is slated to defend in Spring 2019. I will work with Sara to publish the results from her work. 3. NASP 13 is planned to be offered in Summer 2019. Additionally, I will be presenting work from the online learning tool developed at the bi-annual silviculture workshop in summer 2019. This may lead to additional discussions of how to continue to ensure a high level of learning at these modules.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? I have continued to make steady progress on the overarching goal of conducting and distributing research related to alternative silvicultural systems and increasing resistance and resilience to uncertain conditions. Specific accomplishments related to each objective include 1. The graduate student, Brian Anderson, who was working on the re-measurement of one of the experiments at the Big Fall Experimental Forest successfully defended his thesis in Spring of 2018. His first publication on growth and yield was published on December 2018. He is preparing to submit his second chapter to Forest Science in the early months of 2019. His first publication explored growth and yield modeling and makes important contributions to modeling growth for slow growing, small diameter species. His second chapter explores structural and compositional changes over a 50 year time period using alternative silvicultural techniques. Another graduate student, Raychel Skay, has been working on tree cores collected from the site and has documented that black spruce can release in advanced age (> 80 years old) allowing foresters more flexibility in the treatment that they prescribe in black spruce. She is slated to defend this work in Spring of 2019. 2. Biochar - The graduate student, Sara Kelso, has collected another summer of data on the three biochar experiments. She has presented this work at regional and national conferences in 2018. She is completing the final analysis and is slated to defend in Spring 2019. I expect at least two peer reviewed publications from this work. Lake States Pine - I successfully published an article in early 2018 on risk of the Lake States Pine (eastern white, red, jack, and scotch pine) to mountain pine beetle invasion in Canadian Journal of Forest Science. Risk is moderate to high across the region. I have presented work at local, regional, and national conventions and will be presenting more in 2019. I also began working with colleagues to assess ponderosa pine stands that were planted in Minnesota 40 + years ago to see their growth and their response to climate. 3. NASP 12 was offered during the summer of 2018 and had 35 federal employees from three different agencies: Forest Service, Bureau Land Management, and Bureau of Indian Affairs. Online videos were produced last year and are freely available through YouTube and hosted by the Sustainable Forests Education Cooperative. Reviews from NASP12 were very good and we will be planning to host and offer NASP13 in July 2019. Additionally, I co-directed the Local Lake States Module of NASP in Spring 2018 for 25 students. We moved this from a two week in person class to one week online and one week in the field. This allowed for greater student attendance due to greater flexibility and decreased time away from home.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: *De Pellegrin Llorente, I., Hoganson, H., Windmuller-Campione, M., & Miller, S. (2018). Using a marginal value approach to integrate ecological and economic objectives across the Minnesota landscape. Forests, 9(7), 434.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Long, J. N., Windmuller-Campione, M., & DeRose, R. J. (2018). Building Resistance and Resilience: Regeneration Should Not be Left to Chance. Forests, 9(5), 270.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Windmuller-Campione, M. A. (2018). Assessing the future susceptibility of mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) in the Great Lakes Region using forest composition and structural attributes. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2017-0135.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2018 Citation: Anderson, B.D., Russell, M.B., Windmuller-Campione, M.A., Palik, B.J., Kastendick, D.N. (2018) Development and evaluation of black spruce (Picea mariana (Miller) B.S.P.) diameter increment models across silvicultural treatments in northern Minnesota, USA. Forests.
  • Type: Other Status: Under Review Year Published: 2018 Citation: Windmuller-Campione, M.A., Russell, M.B., Sagor, E., & Rodman, M. Current Status and trends of silvicultural and forest health practices in Minnesota: A 2017 Assessment
  • Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2018 Citation: Anderson, B. D.(2018). Black Spruce Diameter Growth Model Data. University of Minnesota
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Russell, M., Windmuller-Campione, M., Sagor, E., & Rodman, M. (2018). An assessment of silvicultural strategies used in Minnesota to manage forest health threats. Upper Midwest Invasive Species Conference. Rochester, MN. (October 15-18).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Windmuller-Campione, M.A. (2018). Assessing the Future Susceptibility to Mountain Pine Beetle in the Lake States. WI SAF. Rothschild, WI. September 12th, 2018.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Kelso, S., Slesak, R. & Windmuller-Campione, M. (2018). Influence of Biochar, Weed Control, and Irrigation on Survival and Growth of Jack Pine in Northern Minnesota. SAF National Convention. Portland, OR. October 6th, 2018.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Patton, S., Russell, M., Edgar, C., & Windmuller-Campione, M. (2018). Postthinning Response of White Spruce Plantations Affected by Eastern Spruce Budworm in Minnesota. SAF National Convention. Portland, OR. October 6th, 2018
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: De Pellegrin Llorente, I., Hoganson, H., Windmuller-Campione, M. & Miller, S. (2018). A Marginal Value Approach to Integrate Multiple Objectives across the Minnesota Landscape. Science Flash Presentation. SAF National Convention. Portland, OR. October 6th, 2018
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Windmuller-Campione, M. Long, J., DeRose, J. (2018). Impacts of Multiple Bark Beetle Species to Forest Resilience in the Interior Western USA. SAF National Convention. Portland, OR. October 5th, 2018.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Skay, R., Windmuller-Campione, M., Anderson, B., & Russell, M. (2018) Black Spruce Alternative Silvicultural Methods and Dwarf Mistletoe In Minnesota. SAF National Convention. Portland, OR. October 5th, 2018
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Anderson, B., Russell, M., Windmuller-Campione, M., Palik, B. Kastendick, D. (2018). Effects of Alternative Silvicultural Methods on Black Spruce Tree and Stand Dynamics. SFEC Research Review. Cloquet Forestry Center, MN. January 11th 2018


Progress 12/15/16 to 09/30/17

Outputs
Target Audience:Forest management and policy professionals, research scientists, family forest owners, watershed managers, and state, local, private, and nonprofit agencies involved in forest conservation and management activities. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?This project is providing training and professional development opportunities for Brain Anderson who is exploring alternative silvicultural treatments in black spruce on the Big Falls Experimental Forest. This project is providing training and professional development opportunities for Sara Kelso who is exploring impacts of biochar on growth and survival of jack pine seedlings and overall plant community dynamics. This project is providing training and professional development opportunities for Raychel Skay who is exploring regeneration and growth in black spruce forests. This project is providing training and professional development opportunities for Irene de Pellegrin who is assisting in the NASP program. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results from this work were shared with forest resource managers in the Upper Lake States Region at the Sustainable Forests Education Cooperative Wildlife Research Review on January 10th, 2017, Cloquet, MN (90+ participants, Extension educators, industry, state, county, and federal foresters). Additional two oral presentations on this work were given at the National Society of American Foresters convention on November 18th, 2017, Albuquerque, NM. The audience included forest managers and researchers from state, private, county, and federal organizations. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Analysis of individual tree and stand level attributes to assess alternative silvicultural treatments in black space at the Big Falls Experimental Forests will be completed and at least one manuscript will be in revision by next reporting period. Continue assessment of pine ecosystems in the Lakes States: Collect data on the three different biochar experiments and begin analysis of data. Explore the spatial distribution of pine (Pinus spp.) and how that could influence stand and landscape susceptibility of mountain pine beetle Offer NASP 12 during summer of 2018. Additionally, we will be offering the regional module of NASP for Lake States foresters in spring of 2018.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Accomplishments related to the three main objectives include (broken up by each objective): Historic data from the Big Falls Experimental Forest (BFEF) has been digitized. Data includes the three historic sampling periods. Historic individual tree data is being analyzed to compare growth and yield estimates from regional and local growth models including the Forest Vegetation Simulator. Remeasurement of the remaining permanent plots on (BFEF) occurred during the summer of 2017. Remeasurement occurred in treatments that maintained a least 3 replicates. Updates on jack pine and biochar experiments and threats to pine across the Lakes States Two new experiments were installed to explore impacts of biochar, a biobased product, on growth and survival of jack pine and overall plant community dynamics. Both experiments are located at the University of Minnesota Cloquet Forestry Center. The first experiment uses a similar replicated design as the previously installed site at the Superior National Forest. The experiment tests multiple levels: stock type (bare root vs. containerized), treatments (supplemental watering vs. no additional watering), and soil admendment (biochar, biochar & compost, compost, and no treatment). The second experiment explores impacts of biochar on overall plant community dynamics by using a broadcast application method to test three different levels of biochar application on a recently harvested jack pine site. The second year of data was also collected on the Superior National Forest sites. Analysis has been completed to assess susceptibility of pine forests in the Lake States to mountain pine beetle. The paper is in review in the Canadian Journal of Forest Research. Results show that over 80% of FIA plots with at least one live pine tree are moderately to highly susceptible to mountain pine beetle. Plots with higher susceptibility had high basal area, higher percent of the stand composed of pine, and larger average diameter pine. Results will be useful for managers when developing silvicultural prescriptions and allow managers to plan for the potential arrival of mountain pine beetle. NASP 11 was offered during the summer of 2017 and had 39 federal employees from three different agencies: Forest Service, Bureau Land Management, and Bureau of Indian Affairs. Prior to the class, seven online videos were produced as pre-content work. These videos are freely available through YouTube and hosted by the Sustainable Forests Education Cooperative. Reviews from NASP11 were very good and we will be planning to host and offer NASP12 in July 2018.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Under Review Year Published: 2017 Citation: Windmuller-Campione, M.A. Assessment of pine stands in the Great Lakes Region to the risk of mountain pine beetle. Canadian Journal of Forest Research
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Under Review Year Published: 2017 Citation: Long, J.N., DeRose, R.J., & Windmuller-Campione, M.A. The importance of regeneration in building resistance and resilience to disturbance. New Forests
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Under Review Year Published: 2017 Citation: Patton, S.P., Russell, M.B., Windmuller-Campione, M.A. & Frelich, L.E. Quantifying impacts of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus Zimmerman) browse using forest inventory and socio-environmental datasets: Quantification and impacts of white-tailed deer browse in the Lake States, USA. PLOSOne
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: *Llorente, I. D. P., Hoganson, H. M., Carson, M. T., & Windmuller-Campione, M. (2017). Recognizing Spatial Considerations in Forest Management Planning. Current Forestry Reports, 1-9.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Windmuller-Campione, M. A., & Carter, D. R. (2017). Active Learning Using Smart Phones in a Flipped Classroom: A Case Study on Developing Final Videos in Silviculture. Natural Sciences Education, 46(1).