Source: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, DAVIS submitted to NRP
INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR CALIFORNIA HORTICULTURAL CROPS - REVISION
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
HATCH
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1011000
Grant No.
(N/A)
Cumulative Award Amt.
(N/A)
Proposal No.
(N/A)
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Oct 19, 2016
Project End Date
Nov 13, 2017
Grant Year
(N/A)
Program Code
[(N/A)]- (N/A)
Recipient Organization
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, DAVIS
410 MRAK HALL
DAVIS,CA 95616-8671
Performing Department
Entomology and Nematology
Non Technical Summary
California growers account for over 67% of fruit and nut crop production in the United States and over 71% of the national value of fruit and nut crops, with annual farm receipts for these crops exceeding $21.4 billion. Managing arthropods (principally insects and mites) in fruit, nut, and fruiting vegetable crops presents a number of challenges for both growers and entomologists. Horticultural crops produce a high return per unit, so there is an incentive for growers to optimize fruit yield. Consumers demand unblemished fruit, so producers must meet demands for high quality, blemish-free fruit. In some cases, insect damage standards are established for fresh and processed products that must be met by growers in order for them to market their crops. For growers of perennial crop plants, insects with the potential to weaken or kill trees or vines are especially problematic. Since a significant amount of California fruit and nut crops are exported to other states and internationally, phytosanitary certification to insure products are not infested with regulated pests is often an issue, and maximum residue limits (MRLs) of certain pesticide by importing countries become special considerations for growers and the packers or processors who ship the fresh or processed products. Each of these factors contribute to the relatively high use and relatively limited availability of registered insecticides and acaricides by horticultural crop producers who use such products as risk reduction tools.The widespread use of synthetic organic pesticides has led to a number of biological, environmental and economic issues that drive the general public, policy makers, and growers themselves to prefer ways of managing insect and mite pests with reduced use of the most toxic products or with alternative practices. Integrated pest management (IPM) strategies and tactics provide options for horticultural crops producers that can mitigate or eliminate the impacts of pesticide use. My research addresses development of economical and environmentally-sound IPM practices for many of the most critical insect and mite problems facing California growers of tree crops, small fruits, and tomatoes. There is both a short term, problem-solving element to my research as well as a more fundamental, ecologically-based aspect that is intended to create stability of insect and mite control within a broader cropping systems context that considers the physical and social landscape of California. Among crops I will particularly focus upon in this 5 year renewal are almonds, strawberries, caneberries (raspberries and blackberries), grapes, stone fruits (especially cherries), olives, and tomatoes. In addition to a suite of pests that have traditionally impacted their production, each of these crops has within the last decade been faced with the detection of one or more invasive species the management of which required new or updated IPM strategies to address the threat that they represent. It can be anticipated that invaders will continue to be reported in at least some of these cropping systems, necessitating further modifications of established IPM systems. The outcome of my research will directly benefit growers by providing arthropod management tactics and systems for producing their crops economically yet in an environmentally and socially-acceptable manner.
Animal Health Component
70%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
15%
Applied
70%
Developmental
15%
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
2111212113010%
2111122113010%
2111119113010%
2111099113010%
2111123113010%
2111131113020%
2111460113010%
2161212107010%
2161131107010%
Knowledge Area
211 - Insects, Mites, and Other Arthropods Affecting Plants; 216 - Integrated Pest Management Systems;

Subject Of Investigation
1119 - Deciduous tree fruits, general/other; 1212 - Almond; 1460 - Tomato; 1099 - Tropical/subtropical fruit, general/other; 1131 - Wine grapes; 1122 - Strawberry; 1123 - Raspberry;

Field Of Science
1130 - Entomology and acarology; 1070 - Ecology;
Goals / Objectives
The overall goal of my project is to provide IPM tactics that can be used by California growers of specialty tree fruit, small fruit, tree nut, and fruiting vegetable crops and their consultants to manage insect and mite pests. Specific objectives of my project are to:1. Identify risk posed by insect and mite pests of various California horticultural crops2. Study the biology of selected key insect and mite pests3. Research and develop biological, chemical, and cultural practices for controlling key insect and mite pests4. Integrate appropriate management tactics into IPM programs for outreach to stakeholders of targeted horticultural cropsI anticipate focusing most of my attention towards identifying risk of insect and mite pests of almonds, caneberries (blackberries and raspberries), strawberries, grapes, olives, stone fruits, and tomatoes, and particularly those that are new or emerging as problems. The California Department of Food and Agriculture estimates that the aggregate annual farmgate value of these crops exceeds $16.5 billion.I will study the biology of selected pests of these crops in greater detail to better understand their relationship to the crop, the non-crop landscape that they may utilize, and their natural enemies, and will use this information to develop economical and environmentally sustainable IPM strategies appropriate for California growers. Almond research will focus on identifying and validating spring management tactics for navel orangeworm AMEYLOIS TRANSITELLA and peach twig borer ANARSIA LINEATELLA with monitoring and reduced-risk insecticides. Effects of low temperatures on navel orangeworm mating, oviposition and monitoring will also be determined and used to optimize treatment timing. Susceptibility of TETRANYCHUS sp. webspinning spider mites to registered insecticides will also be studied. Since its detection in North America in 2008, the spotted wing drosophila, DROSOPHILA SUZUKII, has become a major pest of berry and cherry crops, requiring annual insecticide treatments in most commercial production. Research on spotted wing drosophila will focus on more fundamental aspects of its movement between hosts and its seasonal population dynamics, and the relationship of these aspects of its biology to more effective management. DROSOPHILA SUZUKII is the key pest of raspberries and growers and effective control is limited to a single insecticide, spinosad, at this time. Research on alternative treatments for organic producers will be conducted including methods for enhancing efficacy of registered organic insecticides. Although TETRANYCHUS URTICAE is the primary spider mite pest of strawberries, the Lewis mite, EOTETRANYCHUS LEWISI, has recently become problematic for some producers in the Oxnard and Santa Maria production areas. A study of abiotic and biotic factors affecting the relative success of both tetranychid species will be conducted to determine why Lewis mite mite reaches pest status in some circumstances and how this knowledge might be used for preventing it from becoming an economic problem. A new geminivirus, GRBaV, was identified in 2012 that is associated with a disease known as red blotch that has been shown to severely impact grape quality. It is estimated that vineyards already infected by GRBaV will cost over $1.5 billion to replace. My lab identified the three-cornered alfalfa hopper, SPISSISTILUS FESTINUS, as the vector of GRBaV. The life history of this insect in grape vineyards is unknown, as is the dynamics of its transmission to grapevines seasonally. Detailed studies of alternate hosts and transmission of GRBaV in the field will be conducted to determine monitoring and management approaches, with a primary goal being its management by cultural controls. Occurrence of other MEMBRACIDAE in vineyards will be identified, and their potential to also vector GRBaV determined. The major insect pest of olives worldwide is the olive fruit fly, BACTROCERA OLEAE. Since its first detection in California in 1999, it has become pest in all growing regions and requires annual insecticide treatment in most olive groves. Monitoring is based on use of the nonspecific torula yeast. My lab has isolated over 300 yeasts associated with olives and olive fly, some of which may be more specific and therefore more attractive than torula yeast. Relative attraction of these yeasts to olive fly will be determined. The brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), HALOMORPHA HALYS, was first reported in the US in 1996, and it is now distributed across most of North America. It occurs in some urban areas of California, and although its incidence is increasing it remains a regulated pest. It's occurrence on tree crops and tomatoes in agricultural areas of the Sacramento and northern San Joaquin Valleys will be determined and monitoring will be conducted in areas where it is found. BMSB is difficult to control with registered insecticides, and parasitism by endemic parasitoids has proven to be very limited in both the US and Europe. Volatile chemicals present on the eggs of both endemic stink bugs and the introduced BMSB will be studied to determine if they may play a role in the success of endemic parasitoids in host finding. TUTA ABSOLUTA, a gelechiid moth recently introduced into Europe and North Africa has resulted in severe economic losses to tomato production in these Mediterranean areas. Its morphology and biology are similar to those of KIEFERIA LYCOPERSICELLA, the tomato pinworm, a native of North America that is known to reach damaging levels in California. Due to likely quarantine restrictions on tomato shipments should Tuta be found in California and the likelihood that its immature stages would be confused with the tomato pinworm and other Lepidoptera that occur on tomatoes, development of a simple molecular diagnostic for its identification that could reliably distinguish it from similar native species would prove valuable in preventing loss of trade due to confusion in identification by regulatory agencies. The known host range of TUTA ABSOLUTA will be expanded to include solanaceous species unique to California to enable elimination of these alternate hosts in areas where Tuta might be introduced.
Project Methods
Research will entail both field and laboratory studies that will be conducted with appropriate controls and replication. Field experiments will be conducted using experimental designs suitable for analysis of variance with appropriate blocking when necessary and randomization of research treatment. Sample method, sample size and sampling frequency will be determined in advance of the initiation of the experiments. Laboratory studies will similarly be controlled and replicated when experimental treatments are being compared. Laboratory colonies will be maintained when possible as needed for both field and laboratory studies. Data will be summarized, analyzed and interpreted for presentation in scientific journals and reports as well as for stakeholder presentations.Although methods may change, the following general methods are anticipated for each expected subproject. For the spring navel orangeworm study, we will compare trap captures using newly available commercial pheromone traps that capture males and the traditional commercial egg traps that monitor female oviposition, to strands of almond mummy nuts that serve as surrogates for natural almonds present in the orchards. At the first indication of navel orangeworm activity in the orchards, strands of 20 mummy nuts treated with each of 4 reduced-risk insecticides will be hung at weekly intervals, removed before emergence of adults of the next generation, and hand-cracked to determine percent infestation. Results will provide guidance on the optimum treatment timing of each product relative to possible monitoring techniques. Spotted wing drosophila movement and seasonal dynamics will be determined at sites in the cooler Monterey Bay area (raspberries and strawberries) and hotter inland areas (cherries and other stone fruit) through seasonal collections in the crop hosts and alternate over-summering and overwintering hosts in the area followed by sequencing of the local populations. Organic raspberry farms in the Monterey Bay area will serve as sites for improving organic management of spotted wing drosophila by evaluating organically-acceptable alternatives to the only effective organic product now available. Evaluations will be conducted within the raspberry hoops with direct affects on populations representing different treatments monitored by vacuum sampling for adults and damage in those treatments determined by picking raspberries and using salt floatation for larval extraction. Two species of commercially available predaceous phytoseiid mites will released onto strawberry leaves infested with two-spotted spider mite, Lewis mite, or both, then evaluating relative predation success. Development of both pest mite species will be determined on strawberry plants infested with the same number of mated females if each species individually and combined, and held at a range of temperatures that represent strawberry production during cooler and warmer seasons. Number of adults, immature stages and eggs present on leaflets will be counted at regular intervals thereafter to determine temperature effects on the relative success of each species individually and on competitiveness when they occur together. As virtually all aspects of the biology of three-cornered alfalfa hopper, which we determined to be a vector of GRBaV is unknown in vineyards. Weekly monitoring of vines and ground vegetation for three cornered alfalfa hopper in and surrounding a GRBaV infected vineyard in the Napa Valley where the virus has been recently introduced and is spreading will be conducted for two years. Salivary glands will be removed from collected specimens to determine virus presence. Success of virus transmission by three cornered alfalfa hopper will be determined by caging uninfected grapevines and introducing into them 5 male and 5 female adults that have fed upon the 2 known GRBaV clades. Infestations will occur 4 times during the season from shortly after budbreak through early fall. This vineyard has been tested for GRBaV and is virus free, and spread of GRBaV will be monitored in the years thereafter to determine spread rate and pattern. A 3 meter alfalfa strip planted along the edge of the vineyard and infested with three cornered alfalfa hopper will assure that the vector is present. Fully open leaves near shoot terminals will be collected each month and tested for the virus using qPCR and dPCR to determine seasonal effects on infestation and time required following inoculation to detect of the virus. Overwintering plants common in vineyards including various weeds and popular cover crops will be planted in two vineyards to determine host suitability and if a host the stage in which three cornered alfalfa hopper overwinters. One of the vineyards will be on the Davis campus where three-cornered alfalfa hoppers will be introduced into adjacent alfalfa that has been planted to serve as a reservoir of the insect. Subsequent studies will be conducted to determine if these winter hosts can be managed in a way to serve as a cultural control mechanism for the vector. Additional membracid species have been found by members of my lab in California vineyards, and these will also be evaluated as potential vectors. Laboratory bioassays of yeasts collected from olive fruit and olive fruit flies will be used to determine their attractiveness to olive fruit fly adults relative to the nonspecific torula yeast that is used to monitor a number of tephritid fruit flies. Yeasts that are more attractive than the torula yeast will then be evaluated in untreated olive orchards. Dried formulations of the candidate yeasts, similar to the commercial formulation of torula yeast used for trapping, will also be compared to the commercial formulation. The invasive brown marmorated stink bug has yet to be found in agricultural settings in California although it is established in a number of urban areas. Grape vineyards and other potential tree and vine hosts nearby landscape settings where brown marmorated stink bug has been found in the northern San Joaquin and Sacramento Valleys will be surveyed for presence initially using pheromone traps. Undetermined additional research will likely be conducted depending on survey results. Volatile chemicals that have been collected from brown marmorated stink bugs eggs in our lab colony and from eggs of the endemic consperse stink bug will be identified using GCMS, and bioassays of native scelionid parasitoids conducted to determine their effects on parasitoid host-finding and oviposition success. All life stages of Tuta absoluta have been obtained from collaborators in Spain where the insect was first found in Europe, and its genome is being sequenced by the Chiu lab at UC Davis. Additional collections will be made from throughout Tuta's endemic range in South America and their sequencing will provide an indication of variability and validation for the diagnostic. A close relative, the tomato pinworm which is endemic to North America will also be sequenced for the diagnostic. Native solanaceous hosts of Tuta from California will be exposed to Tuta from an established colony in a greenhouse study to determine their potential as alternative hosts.Outreach to stakeholders will include oral presentations at public meetings and written documents distributed through commodity groups and various university outlets including the UCIPM Pest Management Guidelines.

Progress 10/19/16 to 11/13/17

Outputs
Target Audience:Target audiences reached by my efforts during this reporting period include other researchers who develop and adapt innovative IPM approaches for agricultural crops, as well as University of California Cooperative Extension Farm Advisors involved in pest management and production of horticultural fruit and nut crops and indirectly their clientele that include growers and past management consultants. Additional target audiences include growers, commodity organizations representing these crops, packers and processors, and various industries that supply production inputs for the crops that I worked on during this period that included almond, strawberry, raspberry, cherry, grape, olive, and tomato. I also worked with Federal and state agency personnel from USDA Agricultural Research Service, USDA Animal Plant Health Inspection Service, US Environmental Protection Service, California Department of Pesticide Regulation, and California Department of Pesticide Regulation both as collaborators in my research and in an advisory capacity. In 2017, 23 upper division undergraduate students took my class in arthropod pest management where they learned about using IPM strategies. Many of these students plan to become licensed Pest Control Advisers in California, and therefore represent future pest managers who will implement practices developed through experiment station research. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?This project has offered many opportunities for training of postdoctoral, graduate and undergraduate students and well as international scholars. During this period there were 3 PhD students in my lab that conducted specific research projects related to several aspects of the project. In addition, three Postdoctoral Scholars conducted research in my lab that was directly related to this project. I also had 2 Junior Specialists (a training position for post-BS level students) working on my agricultural research. Visiting scholars from University of Lleida (Spain) and the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (Brazil) spent up to a year in my lab conducting independent research also related to IPM in horticultural crops. Finally, three undergraduate students that worked in my lab also participated in independent research projects gaining undergraduate research units towards their BS degree programs at UC Davis. Although it is not a formal part of my Agricultural Experiment Station appointment, I also taught Arthropod Pest Management, a 5 unit upper division undergraduate class at UC Davis that is recommended for many Plant Science majors including Crop Science, Environmental Horticulture, and Viticulture. My research on IPM for horticultural crops enables me to relate current examples to the students that generates considerable thought and discussion. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results of my research have been disseminated to communities of interest through various types of stakeholder meetings including those organized by UC Cooperative Extension, and various commodity groups including the Almond Board of California, California Strawberry Commission, California Cherry Research Commission, Oregon Wine Board, Central Coast Grapegrowers Association, and the Napa Valley Vitech group. Outreach publications that I have prepared have been disseminated through the University of California' s Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources including contributions to the UC IPM Pest Management Guidelines that are found on the UCIPM website, I have prepared a UC fact sheet as well as an online course for Pest Control Advisers on Tuta absoluta, and a number of individual newsletter articles for UC Cooperative Extension Farm Advisors. I contributed major synthesis publications related to my research on this horticultural crops IPM project during this period including the arthropod and vertebrate pest chapter for a book on almond production published by CABI Press, and a chapter in biological control for a book on tomato pests published by Elsevier. Both works are listed in the 'products' section of this final report. I received two important awards during 2017 that were also related to this project. The UC Davis Academic Senate selected me as recipient of its Distinguished Public Service Award in 2017 which I feel is recognition of my Agricultural Experiment Station outreach efforts. Also the USDA-ARS and American Society for Horticultural Science presented me with the B.Y. Morrison Medal for horticultural research. I was the first entomologist to ever receive this honor. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? My almond research addressed the navel orangeworm (NOW), AMEYLOIS TRANSITELLA, the spider mites TETRANYCHUS URTICAE and TETRANYCHUS PACIFICUS, and the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), HALOMORPHA HALYS. My lab continued to study how damaged almond kernals are more attractive to NOW females than are undamaged kernals, emphasizing the need to prevent kernal damage on mummy nuts. We also continued our work with treatment timing and efficacy of spring insecticide sprays for NOW control. We continued to compared male NOW pheromone trap captures to egg trap captures and to strands of mummy nuts to determine if capture patterns were similar and could be used to predict spring treatment timing. Results documented that the recommended spring treatment timing for NOW based on egg traps was effective in timing sprays, but that more male moths were captured with the pheromone traps. The strands of previously infested mummies also attracted many moths for oviposition. Use of pyrethroid insecticides became widely used for insect control on California nut crops during the last decade, resulting in increased mite problems and greater miticide use in treated orchards. We began to bioassay populations of both T. URTICAE and T. PACIFICUS in almond production areas for resistance to the miticide abamectin under the previous version of this project, and expanded this work to include another widely used miticide, bifenezate. BMSB, which has caused widespread damage to crops in the mid-Atlantic states has now become established on the west coast. It remains a regulated pest in California, although it is found in a number of urban areas of the state. My lab is now involved with the most recent national USDA-SCRI grant on BMSB, with the goal of determining risk of BMSB damage in California's central valley which is generally hotter and drier than conditions elsewhere in the U.S., and with a distinctly different mix of crops and non crop habitat. My lab received permits to do the first field studies of BMSB in California, but these studies were done in areas where breeding populations already occur and in field cages. The studies involved monitoring temperature and humidity effects on BMSB eggs and male adults in field cages as well as in growth chambers in the laboratory and first year results suggest that mortality is high at hot and dry conditions. Damage in agricultural crops was first reported in California during 2017 in the Modesto area. Crops affected were peaches and almonds. We obtained the necessary permits to conduct caged research studies on almonds in collaboration with the local Cooperative Extension IPM Advisor in the area. My strawberry, raspberry and cherry research primarily focused on spotted wing drosophila (SWD), DROSOPHILA SUZUKII, an invader first found in the US on strawberries in the Monterey Bay area. SWD has become the most important pest of raspberry, blackberry, and cherry crops across North America. We have studied a number of management approaches for raspberries including a large field study on effects of canopy management on SWD populations. We found that pruning can positively affect yield, and that there was minor impact on SWD populations. We continued collaborative genomic studies on local populations of SWD in different California growing areas that is part of a national survey on variability of populations to determine the origin and possible distance movement of adults. Our limited survey of raspberry fields in the Monterey Bay area to determine susceptibility of SWD populations to the insecticide products malathion, Mustang Max, and Entrust by conducting bioassays at the LC50 and LC99X2 doses identified populations in some fields have become resistant to Entrust (spinosad), and these observations were confirmed through controlled dose response bioassays. This is the first report of SWD resistance to Entrust, a significant finding particularly for organic producers since Entrust is the only consistently effective product registered. We conducted a study in cherries to determine at which stage of ripeness as measured by brix and firmness each of 4 commercial varieties become susceptible. My grape research focused on both leafhoppers and grape red blotch disease epidemiology. The leafhopper study compared the seasonal cycle of the Virginia creeper leafhopper, ERYTHRONEURA ZICZAC, an eastern US species that emerged as a pest in northern California vineyards, to those of the native western grape leafhopper, ERYTHRONEURA ELEGANTULA, and the variegated grape leafhopper, ERYTHRONEURA VARIABILIS, that was first found in the state in the early 1990s. We found that E. ZICZAC begins reproduction earlier in the season and reaches population peaks sooner than the other species, which could explain why it has become so successful. A severe new disease of grapevines, red blotch, has been associated with a newly discovered virus, Grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV. During this period we continued mapping virus spread in several vineyards as well as girdling damage resulting from feeding by treehoppers (HEMIPTERA: MEMBRACIDAE). We confirmed GRBV transmission in the laboratory by the three-cornered alfalfa hopper, SPISSISTILUS FESTINUS, previously considered an occasional pest of leguminous crops. We have begun research to address factors that might contribute to S. FESTINUS management which includes studies of weed and cover crops found in vineyards as reproductive and feeding hosts, treehopper seasonal feeding on grapevines, and virus transmission in the field. However, we have yet to confirm transmission to grapes in the field. We are also studying biology and potential transmission of a second treehopper, TORTISTILUS SPP. that is the dominant treehopper in some vineyards where spread is occurring. I have been studying the olive fly, BACTROCERA OLEAE, since it was first found in California in 1998. Our research during this period expanded on our earlier effort to determine if there were yeasts associated with olive fly or olive fruit that might be more attractive to the fly than the currently used torula yeast species. Lab and field preference tests confirmed that there are indeed specific yeasts that are more attractive to the adult flies when compared to torula yeast. We are currently attempting to identify the specific volatiles associated with these yeasts, and are hoping that this discovery could least to a better bait for trapping or management. Our tomato research has focused on native stink bug (HEMIPTERA:PENTATOMIDAE) parasitoids of the family SCELIONIDAE. We extracted and identified volatiles from the surface of eggs of the exotic brown marmorated stink bug, and have identified the volatiles responsible for host finding of the parasitoids. We have also found that removing the volatile compounds from the surface of BMSB eggs will enable native parasitoids to locate the exotic species and successfully parasitize their eggs. Further, the native parasitoids emerging from the BMSB eggs can in turn find the exotic species eggs without washing volatiles from the eggs surface. This finding has potential for augmentation biological control. We also continued a study to develop a rapid molecular diagnostic tor the South American tomato pinworm, TUTA ABSOLUTA, a devastating tomato pest that does not yet occur in North America using collections provided by our colleagues in Spain and South America, As part of this research, we have sequenced its genome as well as the genomes of two related species that have been known to attach tomatoes in California, the tomato pinworm, KEIFERIA LYCOPERSICELLA, and the potato tubermoth, PHTHORIMAEA OPERCULELLA. The results allow first responders and diagnostic labs to not only identify any life stage of the exotic species vis a vis any life stage of the two endemic species.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Farnsworth, D., M. Bolda, R. Goodhue, J. Williams, and F. Zalom. 2017. Economic analysis of revenue losses and control costs associated with the spotted wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii) in the California raspberry industry. Pest Manage. Sci. 73(6): 1083-1090.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Tognon, R., J.R. Aldrich, M.L. Buffington, E.J. Talmas, J. SantAna, and F.G. Zalom. 2017. Halyomorpha halys (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) Egg Surface Chemicals Inhibit North American Telenomus and Trissolcus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) Parasitism. Biol. Contr. 114: 39-44.
  • Type: Book Chapters Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Leppla, N.C., M.W. Johnson, J.L. Merritt, and F.G. Zalom. 2018. Applications and trends in commercial biological control for arthropod pests of tomato, Chapter 13, pp. 283-303. In Sustainable Management of Arthropod Pests of Tomato, W. Wakil, T.M. Perring, and G. Brust, eds. Elsevier Inc.
  • Type: Book Chapters Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Zalom, F.G., D.R. Haviland, E.J. Symmes, and K. Tollerup. 2017. Insects and mites, In UC IPM Pest Management Guidelines, Almond. UC ANR Publ. 3431, Oakland, CA.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2017 Citation: Wunderlich, L.R., M.L. Bollinger, M. Shaffer, C.R. Preto, B. Bahder, F. Zalom, and M. Sudarshana. 2017. Investigating the spread and effect of grapevine red blotch virus in California-grown Zinfandel. Proceedings of XX GiesCO 2017, November 5-10.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2017 Citation: Preto, C.,M. Sudarshana, and F. Zalom. 2017. Feeding and reproductive weed and cover crop hosts of the Three-cornered alfalfa hopper (Spissistilus festinus), an insect vector of Grapevine red blotch-associated virus, in Californian vineyards. American Society of Viticulture and Enology Annual Meeting. June 26-29.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2017 Citation: Eshchenov, B., G. Bird, and F. Zalom. 2017. Influence of grafting and pruning on Meloidogyne incognita (Nematoda) associated with resistance and susceptible Solanum lycopersicum cultivars: with special reference to Central Asia. Society of Nematologists Annual Meeting, August 13-17.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2017 Citation: Zalom, F.G. 2017. Significance of integrated pest management to sustainable horticultural production-observations and experiences. B.Y. Morrison Memorial Lecture. American Society for Horticultural Science Annual Meeting, September 21.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2017 Citation: Turini, T., P. Goodell, and F. Zalom. 2017 Consperse stink bug (Euschistus conspersus) detection and management in central California. XV International Symposium on Processing Tomato, International Society for Horticultural Science.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2017 Citation: Zalom, F.G. 2017. Grand challenges: tackling invasive species and communication strategies, Panel discussion. Entomological Society of America Annual Meeting. November 5.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2017 Citation: Gress, B. and F. Zalom. 2017. Oviposition host preferences and pupation behavior of Drosophila suzukii in California cherries. Entomological Society of America Annual Meeting. November 5.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2017 Citation: Burrack, H., J. Chiu, K. Daane, M. Gomez, L. Gut, R. Isaacs, G. Loeb, C. Rodriguez-Saona, A. Sial, V. Walton, and F. Zalom. 2017, Sustainable spotted wing drosophila management in U.S. fruit crops. Year 2 update. Entomological Society of America Annual Meeting. November 8.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2017 Citation: Fisher, J., C. Ingels, J. Rijal, and F. Zalom. 2017. The impact of temperature and humidity on the brown marmorated stink bug, Halomorpha halys, in California. Entomological Society of America Annual Meeting. November 8.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Zalom, F.G., R. Smith, L. Wunderlich, and M. Sudarshana. 2016. Grapevine red blotch-associated virus. National Pest Alert. Regional IPM Centers, https://www.ncipmc.org/action/alerts/redblotch.php
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Godfrey, K.E. and F.G. Zalom. 2017. South American tomato leafminer. National Pest Alert. Regional IPM Centers, https://www.ncipmc.org/action/alerts/tuta.php
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Godfrey, K.E., F.G. Zalom, and J.C. Chiu. 2018. Tuta absoluta: A threat to California tomatoes. ANR Online Learning, University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources, http://class.ucanr.edu/enrol/index.php?id=56