UTILIZING RESEARCH AND EDUCATION TO ADDRESS INTERACTIONS AMONG CLIMATE CHANGE, NATURAL RESOURCE USE, AND WILDLIFE CONSERVATION IN A MULTI-CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT

• Sponsoring Institution: National Institute of Food and Agriculture
• Project Status: TERMINATED
• Funding Source: AFRI COMPETITIVE GRANT
• Reporting Frequency: Annual
• Accession No.: 1010925
• Grant No.: 2017-67011-26040
• Project No.: INDDay2016
• Proposal No.: 2016-04748
• Program Code: A7101
• Project Start Date: Dec 15, 2016
• Project End Date: Dec 14, 2019
• Grant Year: 2017

Project Director
Day, C. C.

Recipient Organization
PURDUE UNIVERSITY
(N/A)
WEST LAFAYETTE,IN 47907

Performing Department
Forestry Natural Resources

Non Technical Summary
Forests of the Upper Midwest are valuable and also exist in a complex cultural environment. Torealize societal benefits of forest resources, including both economic and cultural, managers mustbalance a variety of complex phenomena including; Ojibwe treaty rights, recreation, extractiveindustries, climate change, and conservation. An example of this balance can be seen in theconservation efforts on the American marten (Martes americana; waabezheshi) in Wisconsin.Management of this state and tribal endangered species, which has proceeded in a multi-culturalmanner, can have significant impacts on the economic, social, and cultural value of the landscape.The research objectives of this project are R1.) Utilize a simulation model to investigate the effectof landscape connectivity for martens and; a proposed mine, climate change, and the resultinginteraction. R2.) Provide forest managers and users with information about the future of martenpopulations in Wisconsin. The educational objectives of this project are E1.) Develop andimplement an undergraduate course for Purdue students that will explore differences in naturalresource management between Indigenous peoples and dominant society through active andexperiential learning; and E2.) Prepare undergraduates in forestry and wildlife to become managersof natural resources through in-class instruction and participation, exposure to cross-culturalresource management, and participation in a one-week experiential field trip to expose students todifferent approaches to natural resources management. The course will train young scientists tobecome future managers of natural resources and to understand cultural complexities inherent in themanagement of such resources.

Animal Health Component

0%

Research Effort Categories

Basic

50%

Applied

50%

Developmental

0%

Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)	Subject of Investigation (SOI)	Field of Science (FOS)	Percent
123	0613	1070	20%
131	0613	1070	20%
136	0840	1070	20%
131	0850	1070	20%
136	0830	1070	20%

Knowledge Area
136 - Conservation of Biological Diversity; 123 - Management and Sustainability of Forest Resources; 131 - Alternative Uses of Land;

Subject Of Investigation
0840 - Fur-bearing animals; 0850 - Wildlife habitats; 0830 - Wild animals; 0613 - Mixed conifer-broadleaf forests;

Field Of Science
1070 - Ecology;

Keywords

climate change

conservation

modeling

multi-cultural

natural resources

undergrad educ

wildlife

Goals / Objectives
The research goals of this project are:R1.) Utilize a spatially-explicit, individual-based simulation model to investigate the effects of and interaction between landscape connectivity for terrestrial wildlife and three factors; a proposed taconite mine, predicted climate change scenarios, and the interactive effects of these two sources of landscape variation.R2.) Provide forest managers and users with information about the future of marten populations in Wisconsin.The education objectives of this project are toE1.) Develop and implement an undergraduate course for Purdue students that will explore differences in natural resource management between indigenous peoples and dominant society through active and experiential learning.E2.) Prepare undergraduates in forestry and wildlife to become managers of natural resources through in-class instruction and participation, exposure to cross-cultural resource management, and participation in a one-week experiential field trip to expose students to different approaches to natural resource management.

Project Methods
Approach - Research: My research objectives are to understand the effects of climate change and mining on marten conservation in northern Wisconsin. I will develop a spatially-explicit, individual-based model that simulates the movement and survival of individual martens and their associated habitat under alternate scenarios of mining and climate change. The existing modeling framework SEARCH will be used to develop the model (Pauli et al. 2013). The data necessary to build an accurate representation of martens and the landscape they inhabit is already available from recent work in this area (Gilbert et al. 1997, McCann et al. 2010, McCann et al. 2014). I have already developed a basic marten model within SEARCH that should be easily translatable to the system under consideration for this project (see also McCann 2011). Next steps include developing a landscape that represents climate change scenarios (i.e., changes in forest structure and snow depth), and a landscape that represents the effects of a proposed taconite mine.Models developed in SEARCH take a unique approach to simulating the intersection between individual animal behavior and a heterogeneous landscape. Movements of individual animals are tracked at a fine scale (15 min) so as to capture the effect of small-scale behavioral decisions on large-scale processes such as dispersal and survival. This approach contrasts other models that use broad-scale computation and analysis to make predictions about populations (e.g., least cost path or graph theory models, see (Adriaensen et al. 2003, Pinto and Keitt 2009)). In the marten model, a number of factors are affected by the type of habitat an individual occupies during a time step, including probability of predation, acquiring food, establishing a home range, and distance traveled. If a landscape undergoes changes resulting in less suitable or different habitat (e.g., due to climate change), a multitude of impacts on marten populations can be effected, thus affecting how other resources related to Wisconsin forests will be managed.I will model the dispersal and survival of martens in northern Wisconsin under the following scenarios: a) current conditions, b) current conditions + mine, c) climate change conditions in 2100, d) climate change conditions + mine. Location of the potential mine and associated infrastructure have already been established and all necessary information exists to produce this landscape scenario. I will use the ForeCASTS species distribution modeling tool developed by the USDA Forest Service to develop climate change landscape scenarios (Potter et al. 2010). I will adapt the base marten model I previously developed to each of these scenarios.Results will be analyzed using a pattern-oriented modeling approach (Grimm and Railsback 2011), in which several patterns will be identified a priori from empirical data (e.g., dispersal distance). By attending the USGS workshop, I will learn to develop, identify, and analyze patterns and results that emerge from my modeling work, and ultimately test model results to determine whether they match previously identified patterns.Approach - Education: The education project will educate Purdue FNR undergraduates on the management of natural resources in the Upper Midwest in the context of multi-cultural perspectives, with the ultimate goal of preparing students to enter the workforce with addedknowledge, skills and social and cultural understanding. I plan to accomplish this task through the development and implementation of an undergraduate course to be taught in Spring 2017 in the Department of FNR at Purdue. This undertaking will require significant collaboration from groups outside of Purdue, especially GLIFWC, with whom the Project Mentor has a long-standing collaboration and from which one of the Collaborating Mentors for the project is participating.The proposed course, entitled "Perspectives on wildlife conservation, habitat management, and other natural resource issues in a multi-cultural environment", will meet one hour per week for 16 weeks. Class will engage students using active learning techniques (Chickering and Gamson 1987). Class sessions will primarily consist of discussions of readings from the scientific literature and discussions with guest speakers with first-hand experience working with cultures to which they are not native. Readings will focus on topics including indigenous knowledge, colonization of indigenous peoples, indigenous management practices, climate change, and wildlife conservation and cultural significance (Berkes 1999, Geniusz 2009, Maldonado et al. 2014). For guest speakers, I will reach out to faculty from Purdue's Native American Educational and Cultural Center, as well as contacts from GLIFWC, the U.S. Forest Service, and the Wisconsin DNR. Students will produce weekly written assignments addressing readings, and will write a term paper on a topic relevant to indigenous management of natural resources. I will use the text Scientific Teaching (Handelsman et al. 2004) along with training from CIE as a guide for course design that stimulates active learning and engaged discussion.The course includes a 1-week field trip to northern Wisconsin to strengthen students' understanding of issues associated with natural resource management in a cross-cultural setting. We will meet with GLIFWC for a discussion of the history of colonization, treaty rights, and current collaborations among tribal, state, and federal agencies. Meetings with other organizations can address topics such as wolf management (Wisconsin DNR), forest management practices (Menominee tribe), and spearfishing history and practices (Lac Courte Oreilles Ojibwa Community College). Collaborator Zach Wilson runs a program that exposes high school students to science and natural resource management through a marten research project. Undergraduate students will develop a relationship with Wilson's high school students through email, social networking, and video conferencing prior to and following the field trip. Topics of discussion, facilitated by Mr. Wilson and myself, will include forest ecology, data collection and analysis, and life at a large university, among others. The two groups will meet for one day in the field and the classroom to work on and discuss ongoing projects. This will provide an opportunity for undergraduates to mentor younger students, and for the high school students to get exposure to the experience of college students working in natural resource fields. The final few class periods of the semester will be used for reflection and discussion about the undergraduates' experiences and what they gained from the course and the field trip.One expected outcome from this course will be an increase in student understanding of multi-cultural issues in resource management. I will evaluate this outcome by administering the Intercultural Development Inventory (Hammer et al. 2003) pre- and post-course to measure changes in students' cultural sensitivity.

Progress 12/15/16 to 12/14/19

Outputs
Target Audience:During this reporting period, the target audience was the academic community of wildlife management and simulation modeling, as well as public agencies managing natural resources - especially the Great Lakes Indian Fish and Wildlife Commission. Changes/Problems:Initial goals included publication of results from the education portion of the grant in an education journal. Unfortunately, low sample sizeprohibited accomplishing this goal. Instead, I developed a symposium at The Wildlife Society annual meeting based on the education portion of the grant. In addition, delays in the publication process have resulted in one publication still in revision and another in review. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The education portion of this grant culminated in a symposium that I organized at the 2018 meeting of the Wildlife Society entitled "Developing Cross-Cultural Competence and Increasing Diversity in the Wildlife Management Profession". The symposium included 14 talks by speakers with diverse backgrounds in academia and wildlife management. I developed and taught an original course to undergraduates at Purdue Unviersity. The course was centered around the management of natural resources from an inter-cultural perspective, with particular emphasis on Native American practices. This course included a 1-week experiential field trip during which we visited several resource management agencies across many cultures. Personally, this project offered the following training and professional developement: Attended and presented a poster at the 2017 Agent-Based Modeling Symposium in San Diego, California. Attended a 3-day workshop to learn the LANDIS modeling software in Madison, Wisconsin to apply to the project research. Attended a 1-week training workshop at Humboldt State University on developing and teaching individual-based modeling, taught by Volker Grimm and Steven Railsback, leaders in the field. Attended and presented a talk at the 2017International Scoiety for Ecological Modelling Global Conference in Jeju, South Korea. Attended the 24th annual meeting of the Wildlife Society and presented educational activities Attended the meeting of the American Society of Mammalogists in June 2017 and presented research activities. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results from this research were delivered to the Great Lakes Indian Fish and Wildlife Commission for guidance in the management of the endangered American marten in the context of resource management and land-use change. Results were also presented at many scientific meetings, including the American Society of Mammalogists, The Wildlife Society, The International Society for Ecological Modelling, the Agent-Based Modeling symposium, the International Association of Landscape Ecologists, and the international Martes Symposium. One paper has been published in Behavioral Ecology, with another in revision at Landscape Ecology, and two others in preparation. In 2018, results from the education portion were disseminated through a symposium that I organized at the 2018 meeting of the Wildlife Society entitled "Developing Cross-Cultural Competence and Increasing Diversity in the Wildlife Management Profession". The symposium included 14 talks by speakers with diverse backgrounds in academia and wildlife management. The research portion has been disseminated to stakeholders in the form of a dissertation, from which one paper has now been published in Behavioral Ecology. In addition, 4 presentations were given in 2018 as a result of work on this grant. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Impact Statement The impact of this project had both a research component and an education component. The thread that tied these components together was the conservation and management of natural resources through inter-cultural collaboration. For the research component, I partnered with an inter-tribal resource management agency, the Great Lakes Indian Fish and Wildlife Commission, to produce simulation models that provided insights and knowledge on how landscape connectivity and dispersal of an endangered species would respond to factors such as land use change and climate change. These modeling efforts produced novel ideas that are now being considered as managers make plans to balance the conservation of threatened species with the use of natural resources. Publications from this work provide a template for managers of other systems on sound methods for utilizing simulation modeling to inform conservation planning. The education component of the project focused on developing an undergraduate course to prepare students to be able to manage natural resource in a culturally complex environment. One outcome of this course was the development of a curriculum to teach students about natural resource issues in a multi-cultural context in collaboration with resource management professionals and academics from a variety of cultural backgrounds. This curriculum is now available and has been shared with multiple educators developing similar courses. In addition to curriculum development, I created and taught the course to a group of students at Purdue University. The course included a one-week field trip to visit with natural resource professionals from diverse backgrounds and cultures, with emphasis on Native American perspectives on natural resource management. Undergraduates also visited with students from a rural high school, providing opportunities for the two groups to trade perspectives on natural resource use. Undergraduates that completed the course are now better prepared to succeed in their careers having gained knowledge and experience to incorporate diverse cultural perspectives into issues of resource management and conservation. R1) Major activities completed Simulation model of marten dispersal was developed using the SEARCH modeling framework and calibrated based on empirically collected data on marten demographics, behavior, and physiology Simulation experiments included exploration several factors on marten dispersal and habitat connectivity such as climate and land use change In order to conduct the experiment on climate change, I developed a forest succession simulation in the LANDIS-II software to project changes in habitat conditions as a result of changes in temperature, CO2, and precipitation. This model incorporated data on soil composition, tree species attributes, geophysical attributes, and climate projections Data collected included simulation results from each of the experiments described in bullet 1 from both SEARCH and LANDIS modeling Summary statistics and discussion of results Model calibration revealed that marten behavior may conform to an earlier theory that the quality of habitat that an animal is willing to settle in declines as the deadline for settling approaches Model calibration also revealed insights about an unknown model parameter - rate of movement during dispersal Model experiments indicated that of three factors (mortality, asymmetry in landscape configuration, and development of a new mine), mortality had the greatest impact on landscape connectivity. This result is important because most models of landscape connectivity do not explicitly consider risk of mortality Results from climate change experiments indicated that changes in tree species composition may favor marten habitat, albeit at a loss of overall richness. Focuses on other factors related to climate change such as snow cover and temperature may be more important than changes in habitat composition. Land-use change (i.e., urbanization) reduced landscape connectivity and interacted with the underlying landscape configuration of each population Aside from providing managers with specific results about American martens, their habitat, and their management, this modeling work provides a template for how to use knowledge of animal behavior to improve projections about species responses to conservation challenges such as land-use and climate change Key outcomes Completion of my PhD dissertation in May 2018 Publication in the journal Behavioral Ecology Publication in revision at the journal Landscape Ecology Publication in preparation for submission to the Journal of Mammalogy Four presentations on research associated with this goal were given at The International Society for Ecological Modeling Global Conference, the International Martes Symposium, the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Mammalogists, and the International Association of Landscape Ecologists Annual Meeting R2) Key Outcomes: I delivered the simulation model and results to The Great Lakes Indian Fish and Wildlife Agency in the form of my PhD dissertation, and results were also presented to the Wisconsin Marten Committee composed of individuals from government agencies and non-profit organizations with a stake in management of American martens. Research results provided insight on marten dispersal and population connectivity and how they interact with land-use change, urbanization, landscape configuration, and climate change. These results are now being considered in future conservation and management plans, and may have impacts on other areas of resource use such as resource extraction or recreation. In addition, my approach and conclusions were shared with conservation managers across the globe at the International Martes Symposium in 2018. For details on data collected and results see objective R1. E1) 1. Major activities completed Curriculum for this course was developed Class was implemented in the spring of 2017 The course incorporated guest speakers each week from a wide variety of cultural and natural resource backgrounds Field trip was completed to visit several natural resource agencies that included tribal, inter-tribal, county, city, and private entities Data collected - Students survey: Inter-cultural Development Inventory Results - The IDI indicated a wide gap between students' own perception of intercultural competence and their actual intercultural competence. Overall enthusiasm, appreciation for, and acceptance for alternative cultural approaches increased throughout the semester Key outcomes Two presentations were given on this course and its outcomes to audiences at the Wildlife Society (TWS) Annual Meeting in 2017 (focused on course development and student progress) and again in 2018 (focused on using experiential learning to improve intercultural competence) As a result of the presentation in 2017, I organized a symposium in collaboration with the TWS Native Peoples Wildlife Management Working Group entitled "Developing cross-cultural competence and increasing diversity in the wildlife management profession." The symposium included 14 talks from individuals from tribal, federal, and academic backgrounds. I presented on experiential learning as a way to increase cross-cultural competence in undergraduates. The symposium concluded with an open panel discussion on embracing diversity throughout the field of natural resource management. Feedback from the proposal was widely positive and many connections were made among individuals and agencies that had no previous communication about developing intercultural competence in the field of natural resource management E2.) Key outcomes: Undergraduates that enrolled in the course are now better prepared to enter a career that will inevitably require the ability to collaborate with different cultures on issues of natural resource management.

Publications

Progress 12/15/18 to 12/14/19

Outputs
Target Audience:During this reporting period, the target audience was the academic community of wildlife management and simulation modeling, as well as public agencies - especially the Great Lakes Indian Fish and Wildlife Commission. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The education portion of this grant culminated in a symposium that I organized at the 2018 meeting of the Wildlife Society entitled "Developing Cross-Cultural Competence and Increasing Diversity in the Wildlife Management Profession". The symposium included 14 talks by speakers with diverse backgrounds in academia and wildlife management. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?In 2018, results from the education portion were disseminated through a symposium that I organized at the 2018 meeting of the Wildlife Society entitled "Developing Cross-Cultural Competence and Increasing Diversity in the Wildlife Management Profession". The symposium included 14 talks by speakers with diverse backgrounds in academia and wildlife management. The research portion has been disseminated to stakeholders in the form of a dissertation, from which one paper has now been published in Behavioral Ecology. In addition, 4 presentations were given in 2018 as a result of work on this grant. Two additional journal article publications are in review. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?I have one publication in review to be published in Landscape Ecology, and a seond paper to be published as part of a Proceedings in a journal yet to be determined.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? R1) All planned simulation models are complete and this work was published as part of a dissertation. One paper has been published, anothercurrently in review, and another has been invited for publication in a special publication. R2) All model results were reported to the Great Lakes Indian Fish and Wildlife Commission in the form of a PhD dissertation. E1) This objective was completed in 2017. E2) This objective was completed in 2017.

Publications

• Type: Journal Articles Status: Under Review Year Published: 2019 Citation: Day CC, Zollner PA, Gilbert JH, McCann NP. Effects of disperser mortality and landscape configuration on functional connectivity between reintroduced carnivore populations. Landscape Ecology. In revision.

Progress 12/15/17 to 12/14/18

Outputs
Target Audience:During this reporting period, the target audience was the academic community of wildlife management and simulation modeling, as well as public agencies - especially the Great Lakes Indian Fish and Wildlife Commission. Changes/Problems:Initial goals included publication of results from the education portion of the grant in an education journal. Unfortunately, low sample size (n=4) prohibited accomplishing this goal. Instead, I developed a symposium at The Wildlife Society annual meeting based on the education portion of the grant, and am working with that organization to publish results from that symposium in a populat publication, The Wildlife Professional. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The education portion of this grant culminated in a symposium that I organized at the 2018 meeting of the Wildlife Society entitled "Developing Cross-Cultural Competence and Increasing Diversity in the Wildlife Management Profession". The symposium included 14 talks by speakers with diverse backgrounds in academia and wildlife management. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?In 2018, results from the education portion were disseminated througha symposium that I organized at the 2018 meeting of the Wildlife Society entitled "Developing Cross-Cultural Competence and Increasing Diversity in the Wildlife Management Profession". The symposium included 14 talks by speakers with diverse backgrounds in academia and wildlife management. The research portion has been disseminated to stakeholders in the form of a dissertation, from which one paper has now been published in Behavioral Ecology. In addition, 4 presentations were given in 2018 as a result of work on this grant. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?I have three publications in preparation for submission to academic journals that are related to the research component of the grant. In addition, I am working with members of the administration at The Wildlife Society to publish results from the recent symposium that was developed as a direct result of grant funding in 'The Wildlife Professional'. a quarterly magazine published by The Wildlife Society.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? R1) All planned simulation models are complete and this work was published as part of a dissertation. It is now in preparation for submission to a scientific journal. R2) All model results were reported to the Great Lakes Indian Fish and Wildlife Commission in the form of a PhD dissertation. E1) This objective was completed in 2017. E2) This objective was completed in 2017.

Publications

• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Day CC, Zollner PA, Gilbert JH, McCann NP. Individual-based modeling of dispersal of an endangered carnivore can be simultaneously pragmatic and paradigmatic. 7th International Martes Symposium. Odanah, WI.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Day CC, Zollner PA, Gilbert JH, McCann NP. Individual-based modeling of an endangered carnivore can be simultaneously pragmatic and paradigmatic. Annual Meeting of the American Society of Mammalogists. A. Brazier Howell Award Plenary talk.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Day CC, Zollner PA, Gilbert JH, McCann NP. Individual-based modeling of an endangered carnivore can simultaneously be pragmatic and paradigmatic. US chapter of the International Association of Landscape Ecologists Annual Meeting, Chicago, IL.
• Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Day CC. 2018. Modeling the behavioral landscape ecology of a reintroduced carnivore. PhD Dissertation, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Day CC, McCann NP, Zollner PA, Gilbert JK, MacFarland DM. 2019. Temporal plasticity in habitat selection criteria explains patterns of animal dispersal. Behavioral Ecology, doi:10.1093/beheco/ary193
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Day CC, Zollner PA, Gilbert JH. 2018. Experiential learning as a way for students to develop cross-cultural competence. The Wildlife Society Annual Meeting, Cleveland, OH, USA.
• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Day CC, Zollner PA, Gilbert JH, Hoagland SH. 2018. Developing cross-cultural competence and increasing diversity in the wildlife management profession. 14 talks in a symposium at The Wildlife Society Annual Meeting, Cleveland, OH, USA.

Progress 12/15/16 to 12/14/17

Outputs
Target Audience:For the research goals, I reported research progress at the annual meeting of the International Society for Ecological Modeling in Jeju, South Korea in September, 2017. This talk detalied my progress simulating land-use change and climate change on conservation for American martens and associated implications for resource extraction and land management. For the education goals, I developed and conducted a course on training students to succeed as natural resource managers in a multi-cultural environment. The course took place in the Department of Forestry and Natural Resources at Purdue University and included a 1-week field trip to northern Wisconsin to visit tribal, county, and federal properties and agencies. I then presented the course content and results at The Wildlife Society annual meeting in Albuquerque, NM in September 2017. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The course I developed provided professional development opportunities for students through networking with over a dozen individuals from agencies and universities throughout the country. It also prepared the students for career advancement by enhancing their diversity credentials. The project director, Casey Day, was afforded the following opportunities in training and professional development: Attended the NSF-sponsored Agent-Based Modeling Symposium and workshop in April 2017 in San Diego, CA. Attended the Meeting of the American Society of Mammalogists in June 2017 and presented research activities. Attended the Individual-Based Modeling educational workshop in August 2017 at Humboldt State University. Attended the International Society for Ecological Modeling Global Conference in September 2017 and presented research activities Attended the 24th Annual Meeting of The Wildlife Society and presented educational activities. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Preliminary results for the research objectives have been disseminated in part to the Great Lakes Indian Fish and Wildlife Commission. Additional reports and manuscripts to follow. Results from the educational objectives were disseminated to communities of interest including the undergraduate population at Purdue University and the membership of The Wildlife Society. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?For the reserach objectives, I plan to complete the climate change modeling of forest succession and subsequent modeling of marten dispersal on the landscape. Results will then be published and disseminated to the parties of interest. All educational objectives are complete.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? R1) Simulation modeling for mine scenarios are complete. Publication is in progress. Simulations of forest succession under climate change scenariosare in progress. R2) N/A E1) This course was completed in Spring 2017, including both the classroom and field trip portions. E2) The course enrolled 4 undergraduate students that responded positively to course content and activities.

Publications

• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Day CC, Zollner PA, Gilbert JH. 2017. Teaching natural resource management in a multi-cultural context through experiential learning. The Wildlife Society's 24th Annual Conference, Albuquerque, NM.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Day CC, Zollner PA, Gilbert JH, McCann NP. 2017. Evaluating the effects of resource extraction and climate change on landscape connectivity on American marten populations using a spatially-explicit IBM. The International Society for Ecological Modeling Global Conference, Jeju, South Korea.