Source: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY submitted to
DISSECTION OF THE MAD ATTENUATION MECHANISM OF RED LIGHT SIGNALING IN PLANTS
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
TERMINATED
Funding Source
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1010924
Grant No.
2017-67012-26105
Project No.
CA-B-PGE-0182-CG
Proposal No.
2016-04651
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Program Code
A7201
Project Start Date
Feb 1, 2017
Project End Date
Jan 31, 2019
Grant Year
2017
Project Director
Calderon, R. H.
Recipient Organization
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY
(N/A)
BERKELEY,CA 94720
Performing Department
Plant Gene Expression Center
Non Technical Summary
In order for organisms to survive, they mustbe able to both perceiveand respondto signals from theenvironment. Plants, which dependon light for growth, possess a set of red light-activated sensory photoreceptors called phytochromes (phyB) that interact with a set of transcription factors called PIFs,after photoactivation. The interaction between phyB and PIF3 triggers the rapid degradtion of both moleculesin aprocess termed mutually assured destruction (MAD), which concomitantly provides forward signaling and feedback signal attenuation. Three proteins functioning in the degradation of the phyB-PIF3 complex (called E3 ubiquitinligases) have already been identified but there is still residual degradation in a mutant line lacking all three proteins, indicating that is anadditional protein(s) that function in phyB-PIF3degradation.The proposed research will begin by examining whether other PIFs (PIF1, PIF4 and PIF5) alsoparticipate in the MAD mechanism by using tools (methods, antibodies and mutant lines)recently developed in the lab. A screen will be undertaken to search for the additional E3 ligase(s) functioning in the degradation of PIF3. The proposed research will help determine if the MAD mechanism, which thus far is only known to existinthe phyB-PIF3 system, extends to the other PIFs and therefore whether it might exist in other systems and organisms. Long term, the results of the proposed research will lead to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms employed by plants under changing environmental conditions. Studying these mechanisms could lead to the identification of genes and pathways that might be engineered with the goal of improving food and biofuel crop performance in a dynamic environment.
Animal Health Component
0%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
100%
Applied
(N/A)
Developmental
(N/A)
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
20624991040100%
Knowledge Area
206 - Basic Plant Biology;

Subject Of Investigation
2499 - Plant research, general;

Field Of Science
1040 - Molecular biology;
Goals / Objectives
There are twomajor goalsof this project. The first is to determine whether or not PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTORS (PIFs) other than PIF3 (PIF1, PIF4 and PIF5) participate in the mutually-assured destruction (MAD) mechanism of signal feedback attenuation in Arabidopsis thaliana. The second major goal is toidentify additional E3 ligase(s) functioning in the degradation of PIF3. The proposed research will help determine if the MAD mechanism, which thus far is only known to existinthe phytochrome B-PIF3 system, extends to the other PIFs and therefore whether it might exist in other systems and organisms. Furthermore,the results of the proposed research will lead to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms employed by plants under changing environmental conditions. Studying these mechanisms could lead to the identification of genes and pathways that might be engineered with the goal of improving food and biofuel crop performance in a dynamic environment.
Project Methods
Overall, the project will employ standard techniques in plant molecular biology and biochemistry including molecular cloning, PCR, western blots, co-immunoprecipiations and whole-genome sequencing.The first part of the project, determining whether or not PIF1, PIF4 and PIF5 are involved in the MAD mechinasm of signal attenuation, will involve performing western blots on thelrb123triple mutant exposed to various light conditions. I will also be performing co-immunoprecipiation experiments and additional western blotsusing transgenic Arabidopsis lines under various light conditions.The second part of the project, identification of the additional E3 ubiquitin ligase(s) required for ubiquitination of the phyB-PIF3 biomolecular complex, will require me to transform thelrb123mutant with luciferase-fusionreporter constructs, perform EMS-mutagenesis and finally toscreen the resulting lines for mutants. After selection of mutants showing increased luciferase activity after red light exposure (i.e.increased PIF3 levels), the causitive mutation will be identified usingmapping-by-sequencing approach. Once the putative E3 ligase is identified,I will further characterize it by expressing the proteinin vitroand performing co-immunoprecipitation experiments with various forms of the PIF3 protein including phosphomimics and phospho-dead variants.

Progress 02/01/17 to 01/31/19

Outputs
Target Audience: Nothing Reported Changes/Problems:The major problem encountered was the unreliability of in-house generated antibodies to PIF1, PIF4 and PIF5. I was overly optimistic about the prospects of these antibodies detecting their targets in planta. As a result, both of my goals were hindered substantially. Additionally, a group in Sweden published their results on the discovery of two E3 ligases involved in the degradation of PIF4. As a result, I thought that it would be wise (and in line with my proposed project goals, specifically goal number 2) to test whether these E3 ligases were involved in the degradation of other PIFs. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?In the course of conducting this project, I had the opportunity to meet regularlywith the supervising PI (Peter Quail), present my work in lab meetings and in PGEC seminars, I have had multiple opportunites to describe my work to colleagues and get their feedback. I have also developed proficiency in new scientific tools, especially those involving the analysis of sequencing data and protein biochemistry. In addition, my collaboration with a group in Sweden has contributed towards me starting a new position at that research institute. I am hopeful that members of the Quail lab will be able to pick up where I left off on this project and that the goals will ultimately be addressed, resulting in a peer-reviewed publication on which I would be a co-author. This would also help in my professional development. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Since the results were inconclusive, they remain unpublished. I did present the research during semi-annual PGEC seminars. I also discussed the results with collaborators and colleagues. As I mentioned aboved, I am optimistic that someone will pick up where I left off and these results will ultimately be published in a peer-reviewed journal. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Unfortunately, neither goal was accomplished. Issues with antibodies prevented me from achieving the first goal and by the time the antibodies became useable, insufficient time remained to address the questions posed in this goal. The second goal was partially addressed by a group in Umea, Sweden. They found two E3 ligases involved in the degradation of PIF4. Given that this research was published early in the course of my work, I attempted to adjust my research goals accordingly. I initiated a collaboration with this group and obtained seeds from them with the goal of testing whether these recently identified ligases were involved in the degradation of other PIFs (PIF1, PIF3 and PIF5). Unfortunately, the unreliability of antibodies mentioned above hindered the progress on these experiments and the results were inconclusive.

Publications


    Progress 02/01/18 to 01/31/19

    Outputs
    Target Audience: Nothing Reported Changes/Problems:The major problem encountered thus far is the unreliability of in-house generated antibodies to PIF1, PIF4 and PIF5. As I described, I sought out alternatives but was left with no viable options until the antibodies to PIF1 and PIF4 became available/useable. Unfortunately, insufficient time remains for me to continue using these antibodies to further the goals of the project. I am hopeful that other members of the Quail lab will be able to pick up where I left off to address these goals. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?As a result of regular meetings with the supervising PI (Peter Quail), lab meetings and PGEC seminars, I have had multiple opportunites to describe my work to colleagues and get their feedback. I have also developed proficiency in new scientific tools, especially those involving the analysis of sequencing data and protein biochemistry. Initiating a collaboration with other scientists although helped me with my professional development, especially since I will be startinga second postdoctoral project at the home institute of my collaborators. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Nothing Reported What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

    Impacts
    What was accomplished under these goals? Progress towards completing the first goal, to determine whether or not PIF1, PIF4 and PIF5 participate in the MAD mechanism of signal feedback attenuation in Arabidopsis thaliana remains stalled as a result of the unreliability of antibodies generated in the lab against these proteins. Preliminary tests on recently obtained PIF1 and PIF4 antibodies have shown reliable detection of target proteins, but insufficient time remains for me to test the accumulation of these protein under the targetted conditions. The second goal, to uncover additional E3 ligase(s) functioning in the degradation of PIF3 has also stalled. I performed work in collaboration with a group at the Umeå Plant Science Centre in Sweden led by Dr. Ove Nilsson. They found that a pair of E3 ligases (called BOP1 and BOP2) function in the degradation of PIF4 and I attempted to both replicate their results and to testwhether these ligases function in the degradation of PIF1, PIF3 and PIF5. These experiments were unsuccessful due to aforementioned issues with antibody reliability.

    Publications


      Progress 02/01/17 to 01/31/18

      Outputs
      Target Audience: Nothing Reported Changes/Problems:The major problem encountered thus far is the unreliability of in-house generated antibodies to PIF1, PIF4 and PIF5. As I described, I have sought out alternatives from both companies and other labs and am optimistic that these antibodies will enable me to complete my goals. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?As a result of regular meetings with the supervising PI (Peter Quail), lab meetings and PGEC seminars, I have had multiple opportunites to describe my work to colleagues and get their feedback. I have also developed proficiency in new scientific tools, especially those involving the analysis of sequencing data and protein biochemistry. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Nothing Reported What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?As described above, I have initiated a collaboration with Dr. Ove Nilsson in Umeå and aim to test whether the E3ligases recently characterized in his lab also function in the degradation of PIF1, PIF3 and PIF5. I also will test the newly obtained antibodies against PIF4 and PIF5 to determine whether they will enable me to study PIF4 and PIF5 abundance in the lrb triple mutant.

      Impacts
      What was accomplished under these goals? Progress towards completing the first goal, to determine whether or not PIF1, PIF4 and PIF5 participate in the MAD mechanism of signal feedback attenuation in Arabidopsis thaliana has been stalled as a result of the unreliability of antibodies generated in the lab against these proteins. The antibodies recognize in vitro produced protein, but efforts to detect proteins from plant tissue extract have thus far been unsuccessful. I have recently ordered antibodies against PIF4 and PIF5 from a company and hope that they will enable me to complete the first goal. The second goal, to uncover additional E3 ligase(s) functioning in the degradation of PIF3 is still in progress. A group at the Umeå Plant Science Centre in Sweden led by Dr. Ove Nilsson recently published results describing the discovery of a pair of E3 ligases called BOP1 and BOP2 that function in the degradation of PIF4. I have initiated a collaboration with Dr. Nilsson and aim to test whether these ligases function in the degradation of PIF1, PIF3 and PIF5. Furthermore, they have successfully used an antibody against PIF4 which I intend to use in addressing the first goal.

      Publications