Source: MICHIGAN STATE UNIV submitted to
ENHANCING QUALITY AND SAFETY OF FOOD PRODUCTS THROUGH DYNAMIC PROCESS MODELING AND PARAMETER ESTIMATION.
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
HATCH
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1010216
Grant No.
(N/A)
Cumulative Award Amt.
(N/A)
Proposal No.
(N/A)
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Sep 1, 2016
Project End Date
Aug 31, 2021
Grant Year
(N/A)
Program Code
[(N/A)]- (N/A)
Project Director
Dolan, KI.
Recipient Organization
MICHIGAN STATE UNIV
(N/A)
EAST LANSING,MI 48824
Performing Department
Food Science
Non Technical Summary
User-friendly software and methods will be developed to solve dynamic food quality and food safety problems.
Animal Health Component
55%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
25%
Applied
55%
Developmental
20%
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
40250102020100%
Knowledge Area
402 - Engineering Systems and Equipment;

Subject Of Investigation
5010 - Food;

Field Of Science
2020 - Engineering;
Goals / Objectives
Develop and apply inverse problems methods to estimate thermal properties and kinetic parameters for food safety and food quality problems.
Project Methods
5.1.2 Development of a method to estimate parameters in dynamic systemsI will significantly expand and refine the method described in (Dolan & Mishra, 2013) by adding optimal experimental design, bootstrap confidence intervals (CIs), Monte Carlo options, confidence bands (CBs) and prediction bands (PBs), parameter confidence regions (CRs), and contour plots. Optimal experimental design (Beck & Arnold, 1977) will allow the user to narrow down the number of possible experiments to those resulting in the most accurate parameters. Bootstrap CIs are more accurate than asymptotic CIs, but require more computational time (Bates & Watts, 1988). Monte Carlo options will be added to generate 50-100 bootstrap CIs by using 50-100 synthetic data sets based on experimental variance (Motulsky & Christopoulos, 2004). Confidence bands and prediction bands will be added to allow the user to see the range where 95% of the regression lines and 95% of the data, respectively, are expected to lie (Motulsky & Christopoulos, 2004). Parameter confidence regions show in 2D the space where 95% of the combination of two parameters are expected to lie (Motulsky & Christopoulos, 2004). Contour plots will be used to show lines of constant quality for different combinations of independent variables, such as time and temperature.5.1.3 Demonstration of the method by creating an graphical user interfaceMATLAB executable codeThe Inverse Problem The demonstration user interface will be written in MATLAB®. The final version will be compiled and deployed as an executable file. This executable file can be deployed and run on any computer without having to purchase a license of MATLAB. The license is needed only to create the software. This provides great flexibility for the users as they can use the software without cost. The overall structure of the software will be based on the flow chart shown in Figure 2. The user will have flexibility in uploading data to the software. The raw file format will be either MSExcel® or any text based format. The software will have the ability to handle dynamic non-isothermal data. The "Model Selection" option will have several primary and secondary models for growth and inactivation, and for quality. These pre-built models will help users have quick and easy access to various models found in literature. However, if a new model or modification of an existing model is needed, then there will be an option for the user to define the custom model. The solution method of the inverse problem and parameter estimation will be based on the sequential method. The user will have the option to generate a report of the entire analysis with plots, estimated parameters and statistical indices.The Forward Problem After the inverse problem and parameter estimation, the user might want to generate different scenarios of food quality or safety assessments, such as quality degradation in a particular time frame. To achieve these predictions, the software will have functionality for forward-problem solving where the user can input the estimated parameters and define time and temperature for particular microbial or quality indices of concern. The software will generate plots that will help the user to predict the changes on specific safety or quality variables and take actions based on these software outputs.Preliminary results are shown in Figures 3-6. These Graphical User Interface (GUI) results are specific to only one data set and one model. The software will be greatly expanded and written to be generic to accept multiple models.5.1Develop methodologies to estimate microbial kinetic inactivation parameters for Salmonella on almonds and pistachios. Collaborate with B.P. Marks, BAE, MSU.5.2Develop methods to estimate thermal properties for low-moisture foods. Collaborate with Yoshiki Muramatsu, Tokyo U. of Agriculture.Space limitation does not allow going into detail on the methodology for the last two objectives. However, both objectives are a subset of Objective 1, and will be accomplished using the same data analysis principles outline in the first objective under 5.1. Only the experimental procedure will be different in each case, and specific to the project proposed.

Progress 09/01/16 to 08/31/21

Outputs
Target Audience:Academia, researchers, industry, and government agencies USDA and FDA. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Taught Better Process Control School annually. Sabbatical at National Taiwan University Zhejiang University in 2020. Taught and developed research collaborations in inverse problems. Co-chair (2016) and Chair (2018) of Inverse Problems Symposium How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Scientific articles in peer-reviewed journals. IPS Conferences Collaboration and teaching, e.g. taught to Zhejiang University annually in 2019, 2020, 2021, and once to National Taiwan University in 2020. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Further developed instrument to measure thermal properties at elevated temperatures up to 140 C. Published 20 papers on inverse problems. Graduated 6 graduate students, half of whom worked on inverse problems.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Ahmed, J., Mulla, M. Z., Siddiq, M., & Dolan, K. D. (2021). Micromeritic, thermal, dielectric, and microstructural properties of legume ingredients: A review. Legume Science, e123. https://doi.org/10.1002/leg3.123
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Casulli, Kaitlyn E.; Dolan, Kirk D.; Marks, Bradley P. 2021. Modeling the Effects of Product Temperature, Product Moisture, and Process Humidity on Thermal Inactivation of Salmonella in Pistachios during Hot-Air Heating. J. Food Protection 84(1):47-57.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Vidyarthi, S.K., Mishra(3), D.K., Dolan, K.D., Muramatsu, Y.(1) 2020. Inverse estimation of fluid-to-particle heat transfer coefficient in aseptic processing of particulate foods. Biosystems Engineering. 198: 210-222.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Samsudin, H., Auras, R. (3), Burgess, G., Dolan, K. and Soto-Valdez, H., 2020a. Migration of antioxidants from polylactic acid films, a parameter estimation approach: Part IIassessment of partition, diffusion and convective mass transfer coefficients. Food Packaging and Shelf Life. 25 (100543):1-10.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Bassett, Amber; Dolan, Kirk D.; Cichy, Karen(3). 2020. Reduced retort processing time improves canning quality of fast-cooking dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). J. of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 100(10): 3995-4004.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Borbi, M.A.(1), Dolan, K.D. (3), Siddiq, M. .(1), Hooper, S., & Sami, A., 2020. Development and quality evaluation of banana-rice-bean porridge as weaning food for older infants and young children. Legume Science. 2020;e41 (https://doi.org/10.1002/leg3.41).
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Samsudin, H., Auras, R.(3), Burgess, G., Dolan, K. and Soto-Valdez, H., 2020b. Migration of antioxidants from polylactic acid films, a parameter estimation approach: Reparameterization of the Arrhenius equation. Food Control 113:1-5.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Siddiq, R., Auras, R., Siddiq, M.(1),, Dolan, K. D.(3), Harte, B. 2020. Effect of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) and NatureSeal� treatment on the physico-chemical, microbiological, and sensory quality of fresh-cut dAnjou pears. Food Packaging and Shelf Life 23: 1-6.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Atis, L.(1), Siddiq, M.(1), Bourquin, L., Marks, B, Dolan, K.(3) 2020. Assessment of apple packers training needs and attitudes on food safety and the Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA). Food Protection Trends, 40(1): 29-39.


Progress 10/01/19 to 09/30/20

Outputs
Target Audience:Academic and Industry Researchers, and food regulatory personnel. Changes/Problems:Some difficulties getting hardware to work and give sufficiently accurate and reliable data. Working on this. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?During 1-year sabbatical in Taiwan during 2020, taught inverse problems and MATLAB online to China government-sponsored 2.5-month graduate course at #3-ranked university, Zhejiang University in Hangzhou. Developed collaborations with National Taiwan University, Dept. of Bio-Industrial Mechatronics Engineering. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Through publications , and mentoring graduate students who go out and get jobs in the area. • Extension: • taught Better Process Control School once. • wrote 50 process letters to companies needing to register their food products with FDA and/or get licensing from MDARD • Acting as Process Authority for Food Processing Innovation Center for low-acid canned foods. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Continued research, publications, and presentations on inverse problems. Continued process authority work for FPIC. Resubmission of USDA grant proposal on modeling software for food safety in low-moisture foods.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Develop and apply inverse problems methods to estimate thermal properties and kinetic parameters for food safety and food quality problems. Advised 2 Ph.D. students (1 Food Sci. and 1 Ph.D.)

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Vidyarthi, S.K., Mishra(3), D.K., Dolan, K.D., Muramatsu, Y.(1) 2020. Inverse estimation of fluid-to-particle heat transfer coefficient in aseptic processing of particulate foods. Biosystems Engineering. 198: 210-222.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Samsudin, H., Auras, R. (3), Burgess, G., Dolan, K. and Soto-Valdez, H., 2020. Migration of antioxidants from polylactic acid films, a parameter estimation approach: Part IIassessment of partition, diffusion and convective mass transfer coefficients. Food Packaging and Shelf Life. 25 (100543):1-10.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Borbi, M.A.(1), Dolan, K.D. (3), Siddiq, M. .(1), Hooper, S., & Sami, A., 2020. Development and quality evaluation of banana-rice-bean porridge as weaning food for older infants and young children. Legume Science. 2020;e41 (https://doi.org/10.1002/leg3.41).
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Samsudin, H., Auras, R.(3), Burgess, G., Dolan, K. and Soto-Valdez, H., 2020. Migration of antioxidants from polylactic acid films, a parameter estimation approach: Reparameterization of the Arrhenius equation. Food Control 113:1-5.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Siddiq, R., Auras, R., Siddiq, M.(1), Dolan, K. D., Harte, B. 2020. Effect of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) and NaureSeal� treatment on the physico-chemical, microbiological, and sensory quality of fresh-cut dAnjou pears. Food Packaging and Shelf Life 23: 1-6.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Atis, L.(1), Siddiq, M.(1), Bourquin, L., Marks, B, Dolan, K. 2020. Assessment of apple packers training needs and attitudes on food safety and the Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA). Food Protection Trends, 40(1): 29-39.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Short Course. Parameter Estimation. Taught 2.5 months online to graduate students at Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.


Progress 10/01/18 to 09/30/19

Outputs
Target Audience:Academic and Industry Researchers, and food regulatory personnel. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Taught inverse problems and MATLAB on China government-sponsored 1-week short course in April 2018 at #3-ranked university, Zhejiang University in Hangzhou. Presentations at two conferences. Attendance at NC-1023 (Food Engineers) How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Through publications and public presentations at conferences, and mentoring graduate students who go out and get jobs in the area. • Extension: • taught Better Process Control School twice. • wrote 50process letters to companies needing to register their food products with FDA and/or get licensing from MDARD • Acting as Process Authority for Food Processing Innovation Center for low-acid canned foods. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Continued research, publications, and presentations on inverse problems. Continued process authority work for FPIC. Resubmission of USDA grant proposal on modeling software for food safety in low-moisture foods.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Develop and apply inverse problems methods to estimate thermal properties and kinetic parameters for food safety and food quality problems. Advised 2 Ph.D. students (1 Food Sci. and 1 Ph.D.)

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Muramatsu, Y., Dolan, K.D., Mishra, D.K. 2019. Factors influencing estimation of thermal inactivation parameters in low-moisture foods using a test cell. J. Food Eng., 262:100-108.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2019 Citation: Atis, L., Siddiq, M., Bourquin, L., Marks, B.P. Dolan, K.D. 2019. Assessment of apple packers training needs attitudes on food safety and the Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA). Food Protection Trends.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Dolan, K.D. 2019. Estimating Parameters from Dynamic Data: Advantages and Challenges. International Conference on Predictive Modelling in Food. Braganca, Portugal.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Samsudin, H., Auras, R. (3), Mishra, D. (1), Dolan, K., Burgess, G., Rubino, M., Selke, S., Soto-Valdez, H. 2018. Migration of antioxidants from polylactic acid films: A parameter estimation approach and an overview of the current mass transfer models. Food Res. Intnl. 103:515-528.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Iniguez-Franco, F., Auras, R.,(3) Dolan, K., Selke, S., Holmes, D., Rubino, M., Soto-Valdez, H. 2018. Chemical recycling of poly(lactic acid) by water-ethanol solutions. Polymer Degradation and Stability. 149:28-38.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Iniguez -Franco, F., Auras(3), R., Ahmed, J., Selke, S., Rubino, M., Dolan, K. & Soto-Valdez, H., 2018. Control of hydrolytic degradation of Poly (lactic acid) by incorporation of chain extender: From bulk to surface erosion. Polymer Testing, 67:190-196.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Dolan, K.D. 2019. Practical Inverse Problems Education for Students. Inverse Problems Symposium. Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Short Course. Parameter Estimation. Taught 2 weeks at Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.


Progress 10/01/17 to 09/30/18

Outputs
Target Audience:Academic and Industry Researchers Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?• Taught inverse problems and MATLAB on China government-sponsored 1-week short course in April 2018 at #3-ranked university, Zhejiang University in Hangzhou. • Presentations at Conference of Food Engineering, Sep. 2018 • I wasorganizer and chair of the 2018 Inverse Problems Symposium at MSU, June 3-5. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Through publications and public presentations at conferences, and mentoring graduate students who go out and get jobs in the area. Extension: taught Better Process Control School 3 times; wrote 57 process letters to companies needing to register their food products with FDA and/or get licensing from MDARD assisting MSU Food Product Innovation Center (FPIC) with equipment choice, and interviewing candidates for Production Manager What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Continued research, publications, and presentations on inverse problems. Resubmission of USDA grant proposal on modeling software for food safety in low-moisture foods.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Develop and apply inverse problems methods to estimate thermal properties and kinetic parameters for food safety and food quality problems. Submitted two USDA grant proposals. One was unfunded. The other was funded at $490,000. Advised 1graduate students (BE Ph.D.)

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Casulli, K.E., Garces-Vega, F.J., Dolan, K.D., Ryser, E.T., Harris, L.J., and Marks, B.P. 2018. Impact of process temperature, humidity, and initial product moisture on thermal inactivation of Salmonella Enteritidis PT 30 on pistachios during hot-air heating. J. Food Prot.: (81):8:1351-1356.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Samsudin, H., Auras, R., Burgess, G., Dolan, K. and Soto-Valdez, H., 2018. Migration of antioxidants from polylactic acid films, a parameter estimation approach: Part IA model including convective mass transfer coefficient. Food Res. Intl., 105:920-929.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Mishra, D.K., Dolan, K.D., Beck, J.V., Ozadali, F. 2017. Use of scaled sensitivity coefficient relations for intrinsic verification of numerical codes and parameter estimation for heat conduction. J. Verification, Validation, & Uncertainty Quantif., (2) 031005: 1-7.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Siddiq, M., Dolan, K.D., Perkins-Veazie, P., Collins, J.K. 2018. Effect of pectinolytic and cellulytic enzymes on the physical, chemical, and antioxidant properties of blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) juice. LWT 92:127-132.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Dolan, K.D., and Muramatsu, Y. 2018. Estimating Salmonella inactivation parameters from dynamic temperature data in low-moisture foods. Conference of Food Engineering, Minneapolis, MN.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Ahmed, W. Butt, M.S., Dolan, K.D. 2017. Pasting properties of pectin coated iron-folate fortified basmati rice. J. Food Process. & Preserv., 41: e13157
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Dolan, K.D. 2018 (Short Course). Parameter Estimation. 2018. Taught 2 weeks at Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.


Progress 10/01/16 to 09/30/17

Outputs
Target Audience:Academic and industry researchers. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Taught inverse problems and MATLAB on India government-sponsored 1-week short course in Aug. 2017. Presentations at IFT and in Procedia Food Sci. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Through publications and public presentations at conferences, and mentoring graduate students who go out and get jobs in the area (Garces-Vega at FDA). What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Continued research, publications, and presentations on inverse problems. I am organizer and chair of the 2018 Inverse Problems Symposium at MSU, June 3-5.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Five papers published on inverse problems. Collaboration with Japanese professor, Dr. Muramatsu, for future work on inverse problems. Grant submission $300K to USDA NIFA on inverse problems.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Roidoung, S., Dolan, K.D., Siddiq, M. 2016. Gallic acid as a protective antioxidant against anthocyanin degradation and color loss in vitamin-C fortified cranberry juice. Food Chem., 210, 422-427.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Mishra, D.K., Dolan, K.D., Beck, J.V., Ozadali, F. 2016. A novel instrument for rapid measurement of temperature-dependent thermal properties of conduction-heated food up to 140� C. J. Food Eng. 191, 19-27.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Siddiq, M., Dolan, K.D. 2016. Characterization and heat inactivation kinetics of polyphenol oxidase from blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.). Food Chem. 218, 216-220.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Cattani, F., Dolan, K. D., Oliveira, S.D., Mishra D.K., Ferreira, C.A.S., Periago, P.M., Aznar, A., Fernandez, P.S., Valdramidis, V.P. 2016. One-step global parameter estimation of kinetic inactivation parameters for Bacillus sporothermodurans spores under static and dynamic thermal processes. Food Res. Intl. 89 Part 1: 614-619.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Smith, D.F., Hildebrandt, I.M., Casulli, K.E., Dolan, K.D., Marks, B.P. 2016 Modeling the effect of temperature and water activity on the thermal resistance of Salmonella Enteritidis PT 30 in wheat flour. J. Food Prot. 79: 2058-2064.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Greiby, I., Mishra, D.M., Dolan, K.D., Siddiq, M. 2017. Inverse method to estimate anthocyanin degradation kinetic parameters in cherry pomace during non-isothermal heating. J. Food Eng. 198: 54-62.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Muramatsu, Y., Greiby, I., Mishra, D.K., Dolan, K.D. 2017. Rapid inverse method to measure thermal diffusivity of low-moisture foods. J. Food Sci. 82(2): 420-428.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Roidoung, S., Dolan, K.D., Siddiq, M. 2017. Estimation of kinetic parameters of anthocyanins and color degradation in vitamin C fortified cranberry juice during storage. Food Res. Intnl. 94: 29-35.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: 1. Zhong, X., Siddiq, M., Sogi, D.S., Harte, B., Dolan, K.D., Almenar, E. 2017. Effect of microwave steamable bag design on the preservation of ascorbic acid and antioxidant capacity and on the physical properties of cooked frozen vegetables: A case study on broccoli (Brassica oleracea). LWT  Food Science and Tech. 83: 165-171.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Garces-Vega, F., Jeong, S., Dolan, K., Marks, B., 2016. Modeling Salmonella Inactivation in Low Moisture Foods: Using Parameter Estimation to Improve Model Performance. Procedia Food Sci, 7, 41-46.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Borbi, M.A., Dolan, K.D., Hooper, S. 2016. Development and evaluation of the physicochemical and sensory properties of a shelf stable protein-enriched ready-to-eat banana-bean infant food. IFT Annual Meeting, Chicago.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Roidoung, S. Dolan, K.D. 2016. Protective effect of gallic acid against degradation of anthocyanins and color in fortified vitamin C cranberry juice. IFT Annual Meeting, Chicago.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Dolan*, K.D., Mishra, D.K., Valdramidis, V. 2016. Predictive modeling under dynamic conditions in food processing environments. European Society for Modelling and Simulation, Ghent, Belgium.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Dolan, K.D. 2016. Dynamic process modeling: Applications to food safety and quality. Spring Seminar Series, FSHN, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Dolan, K.D. 2016. Parameter estimation of microbial inactivation kinetic parameters under dynamic temperature conditions. Conf. of Food Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Dolan, K.D. 2016. Dynamic modeling of thermal processes for food quality and safety. Dept. of Food Science, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.


Progress 09/01/16 to 09/30/16

Outputs
Target Audience:Researchers in academia, industry, and government. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Nothing Reported How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Nothing Reported What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Project is just beginning.

Publications