Source: VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE submitted to NRP
ELDER FINANCIAL EXPLOITATION: IMPACT ON FAMILIES
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1010083
Grant No.
(N/A)
Cumulative Award Amt.
(N/A)
Proposal No.
(N/A)
Multistate No.
W-2191
Project Start Date
Jul 1, 2016
Project End Date
Sep 30, 2017
Grant Year
(N/A)
Program Code
[(N/A)]- (N/A)
Recipient Organization
VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE
(N/A)
BLACKSBURG,VA 24061
Performing Department
Center for Gerontology
Non Technical Summary
?Elder financial exploitation (EFE) is an emerging health, financial, and social crisis across the United States. EFE is defined as a situation when a family member is the perpetrator involved in the "illegal, unauthorized, or improper use of an elder's resources including funds, property, or assets" It is widely agreed that EFE is the most prevalent and growing type of elder abuse and it knows no boundaries. Elders and families across all socio-economic levels, rural and urban settings, ethnicities, and genders are at risk of experiencing EFE. There is much anecdotal and empirical evidence suggesting a dramatic increase in EFE, including a tripling of the aging population by 2050, unless effective and evidence-based prevention and intervention strategies are undertaken.The impact of EFE goes well beyond the economic losses, affecting an older adult's physical, mental, emotional and psychological health and well-being. Not surprisingly, there are concomitant effects on an elder's family systems, influencing relationships, functioning, and individual health and well-being of non-perpetrators and perpetrators. The effects widen to include communities and local and state governments. EFE can result in elders and family members increasing their reliance on public resources and programs (i.e. physical and mental health) for both short and long terms. Moreover, EFE increases the demands on already stretched intervention systems, law enforcement and criminal justice systems. Although EFE is generally not well understood, less well understood is EFE by a power of attorney (POA).This project develops and disseminates research-informed specifically on EFE by a POA prevention and intervention education for researchers, practitioners, and family members and with the long-term goal of safeguarding the health, and economic and social well-being of adults in later life, intergenerational family systems, communities and larger society. First, the project focuses on understanding how non-perpetrator, non-victim family members perceive and articulate the meaning and experience of EFE by a POA. The project will also involve interviews and databases of Adult Protective Services in Virginia and Washington State in order to understand the scope of the problem and its remedies. Data will be analyzed qualitatively as well as quantitatively. Findings will provide insights into how to prevent and respond to elder financial exploitation by a power of attorney in the future. Next, findings will be translated and disseminated to researchers, elders, family members, and professionals in order to advance EFE by a POA prevention, education, and intervention efforts. A range of collaborators and partners will be involved in state and national dissemination efforts (e.g. University of Washington, Vancouver, Virginia Adult Protective Services). Overall, this project addresses critical research and prevention education gaps in what is known about EFE by inquiry decades behind that of child abuse and domestic violence.
Animal Health Component
100%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
0%
Applied
100%
Developmental
(N/A)
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
72360203080100%
Knowledge Area
723 - Hazards to Human Health and Safety;

Subject Of Investigation
6020 - The family and its members;

Field Of Science
3080 - Sociology;
Goals / Objectives
1.Understand the participants lived experiences (knowledge and feelings) related to elder financial exploitation. 2.Identify factors in the victims/perpetrators family system that participants consider to be significant antecedents to the Power of Attorney elder financial exploitation in their family. 3.Gain insights into the victims and perpetrators family experiences that could assist professionals in facilitating healing of emotional and relationship wounds within families. 4.Identify the range and scope of family experiences related to foundational antecedents, exploitation situations, and impact and meaning of the elder financial exploitation that could contribute to prevention and effective redress. 5.Refine and/or expand the Conceptual Model of Elder Financial Exploitation by Rabiner, OKeeffe, and Brown, 2004. Objective 6. 6.Refine the current research design and identify future studies that could contribute to prevention and more effective redress of familial elder financial exploitation. Objective 7. Create a means of measuring the prevalence of elder financial abuse by family members who have had Powers of Attorney.
Project Methods
Our three-year mixed methods study involves two phases. Phase I involves recruiting participants and implementing a survey regarding the appointment of a family member POA (Power of Attorney) agent by an older relative (Assessment of Intra-Familial and Contextual Factors Contributing to Elderly Financial Management Outcomes). The survey will include approximately 90 questions on demographic information (e.g., age, sex, race, education) and other facts related to EFE (e.g., family communication patterns and family money management practices). Participants encountering successful experiences involving a family member POA will be compared with those who indicate that the family member used his or her POA authority to exploit an elderly relative. Information about EFE includes family dynamics, power relationships, and family communication patterns to identify statistically significant and practically significant differences indicative of risk factors, as well as protective factors, including having trusting relationships with family members and active engagement in personal financial and estate planning.Phase II will involve conducting semi-structured interviews with participants who report positive experiences with POA implementation in their family, as well as those who indicate elder financial exploitation occurred within their family. We will further explore survey item responses as well as gather in-depth information about each family's unique experiences with EFE. Based on our pilot research, it is expected that participants will be family members of an elder who appointed another family member to serve as POA. It is expected that two semi-structured interviews, lasting approximately one hour each, will be conducted with each participant. Interviews will be recorded and transcribed using Dragon Naturally Speaking software. The qualitative data will be analyzed using NVivo 10 and the quantitative data will be analyzed using SPSS version 23.

Progress 07/01/16 to 09/30/17

Outputs
Target Audience:Wehave prepared findings to present to older adults and those who work with them. Findings are particularly pertinent to those who work with or are inAdult Protective Services, state health departments, state departments on aging, long-term care and long-term care licensing bodies, the banking industry, attorneys, and law enforcement. On the federal level, the Administration for Community Living and the Department of Justice would be interested in these findings and is a target audience. Changes/Problems:Preparing the manuscript for submission was problematic due to the software (NVivo) that we used. We did not make any major changes but rather workedslowly through the problems with the software. We also had to work through issues of producting timely and thorough work in order to meet the publication date. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?While others in the project have presented on the topic, I have not done so beyond what was already reported. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?While others in the project have presentedor publishedon the topic, I have not done so beyond what was already reported. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Goal 1. We were able to analyze data from the pilot study so that we could understand the experiences of family members who had been exploited. Goal 2. With a limited sample of 12, we discerned that victims tended to become dependent on one family member and eventually had some kind of dementia and/or disabling illness. Choice of POA tended to be the family member living closest to the older adult, not a choice based on ability to manage finances. Perpetrators rarely started exploiting elders all at once, but using the older adult's funds occurred gradually, which was a source of justification for the perpetrator. Most of the cases were not reported to authorities, but, again the number in the pilot study was small. Goal 3. Information above is helpful to family members who might execute a POA. Care should be taken when selecting the family member for this task. Once the exploition is discovered, families should communicate rather than distancing themselves from each other. The distancing allows all the wounds to fester and rarely allows acceptable resolution of the problem. Goal 5. We refined our model of Elder Financial Exploitation, which is now called the Model of Elder Family Financial Exploitation. Goals 6&7. We are in the process of preparing a research submission to The Retirement Research Foundation (due 1 February 2018). This project would contribute to understanding the scope of the problem as well as how to prevent the problem andintervene when POA explotation has occurred.

Publications


    Progress 07/01/16 to 09/30/16

    Outputs
    Target Audience:We have presented ourinitial findings to older adults and persons who work with them. Changes/Problems:Access to the computer software to analyze the data has been quite difficult and solutions are being pursued. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Nothing Reported How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?New Project as of 7/1/16. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Analyze the data and write a paper for peer review. (We were invited to submit a monograph in 2017).

    Impacts
    What was accomplished under these goals? We have worked on how to analyze data from participants.

    Publications

    • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2016 Citation: Goebel, K., Vincenti, V., & Teaster, P.B. August 2016. Consequences of Elder Financial Exploitation by a Family Member Power of Attorney Agent: Intersections of Gender, Age, and Family Roles. Groves Conference, Denver, CO.